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Chhattisgarh- Population%2C Health and Development |
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CHHATTISGARH
POPULATION, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA
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Population Foundation of India
April 2006
Contributors:
Dr. Almas Ali
Dr. Lalitendu Jagatdeb
Mr. Francis Zavier
Dr. Sanjit Nayak
Mr. Nihar Ranjan Mishra
Mr. K. L Rao
Mr. Shailendra Singh Negi
Printer :
Impression Communications
2/8-A, Ansari Road, Darya Gang
New Delhi – 110 002
FOREWORD
Population Foundation of India analyses and disseminates data on population, health and
development issues at various levels in India. i.e national, state and district.. These
information are useful for formulation of policies, programmes, strategies and intervention
for population stabilization and social development.
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One of the features of the State Level Advocacy Conferences on “Population, Health and Social
Development” in different States are publications and release of wall chart and district profiles
for the specific state. Such conferences and publications have been already done in the states
of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttaranchal, Maharashtra, Bihar, Jharkhand and
Orissa. This year the State Level Advocacy Conference is being held in Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
Apart from the district profiles an overview on population, health and development has
been incorporated in the publication “Chhattisgarh : Population, Health and Development”. The
initiative of the Foundation is to identify areas of concern and to explore policy options
which may expedite improvement of human development in the state. In this backdrop the
Foundation has also facilitated the Government of Chhattisgarh in formulating an “Integrated
Health and Population Policy” for the state.
This publication is also an endeavor to help policy makers, planners, programme managers
and NGOs to use these information for improving social conditions. We hope Government
and non-governmental agencies may find this publication useful.
April 2006
New Delhi
A R Nanda
Executive Director
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CONTENTS
1 Chhattisgarh at a Glance
2 Population, Health and Development in Chhattisgarh : An
Overview
2 Districts at a Glance
Bastar
Bilaspur
Dantewada
Dhamtari
Durg
Jangjir Champa
Jashpur
Kanker
Kawardha
Korba
Koriya
Mahasamund
Raigarh
Raipur
Rajnandgaon
Surguja
Definition of Terms Used
References
Page No.
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CHHATTISGARH AT A GLANCE
Area in sq. kms.
Revenue Divisions
Districts
Tehsils
Community Development Blocks
Tribal Development Blocks
Towns
Villages
Inhabited Villages
Gram Panchayats
Municipal Corporation
Municipalities
Nagar Panchayats
Police Stations
Population Total (2001)
Males
Females
Rural
Urban
Scheduled Caste
Scheduled Tribe
Decadal Growth Rate (%) 1991-2001
Density of Population (per sq. km), 2001
Overall Sex-Ratio, 2001
Sex-Ratio (0-6 years), 2001
Total Literacy (%)
Female Literacy
Total Work Participation Rate
Female Work Participation Rate
People living below poverty line (%)
Per capita income
Human Development Index (HDI)
Value
Rank
Social Development Index (SDI)
Urban
Value
Rank
Rural
Value
Rank
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), SRS-2003
Crude Birth Rate (CBR), SRS-2003
Crude Death Rate (CDR), SRS-2003
Total Fertility Rate (TFR), NFHS-II
Life Expectancy at Birth, PIP, 2005
Maternal Mortality Ratio, PIP, 2005
CHCs
PHCs
Sub Centres
135,191
3
16
96
146
85
97
20308
19692
9139
6
20
49
263
20,833,803
10,474,218
10,359,585
16,648,056 (79.9%)
41,85,747 (20.1%)
2,418,722 (11.6%)
6,616,596 (31.8%)
18.3
154
989
975
64.7
51.9
46.5
40.0
38.9
Rs. 7072/-
0.462
21
36.3
16
28.8
15
70.0
25.2
8.5
2.79
61.4
498
132
712
4692
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Population, Health and Development in Chhattisgarh: An Overview
Chhattisgarh was carved out from the eastern part of Madhya Pradesh and the state of
Chhattisgarh came into existence on 1st November 2000 as the 26th state of the Union of
India.
It is situated between 17◦ to 23.7◦ North latitudes and 80.40◦ to 83.38◦ East longitudes.
Chhattisgarh is bounded by Uttar Pradesh to the north, Jharkhand to the north-east, Orissa
to the east, Andhra Pradesh to the south, Maharashtra to the south-west and Madhya
Pradesh to the west and north-west. It has three revenue divisions viz. Raipur, Bilaspur and
Bastar. At the time of the 1991 Census when it was still a part of Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh comprised of only 7 districts. After reorganization Chhattisgarh has 16 districts,
97 tehsils, 146 blocks, 20,308 villages and 97 urban centers.
Table: 1
Original
Districts
Bastar
Bilaspur
Durg
Raigarh
Raipur
Rajnandgaon
Surguja
New districts after
the reorganization
Uttar Bastar- Kanker,
Bastar and Dakshin
Bastar - Dantewada
Bilaspur, Korba and
Janjgir-Champa
Not divided in 1998
Raigarh and Jashpur
Raipur, Dhamtari and
Mahasamund
Rajnandgaon
and
Kawardha (Kabirdham)
Surguja and Koriya
Chhattisgarh has a total land area of
135,195 sq kms, which is 4.11% of the
total land area of India, of which irrigated
land is 23081 lakh hectares. River
Mahanadi and its tributaries provide water
to 58.485 of the land area of Chhattisgarh.
Godavari and its tributaries provide
28.02%, Ganga’s tributary Son 13.24%
and Narmada to the remaining 0.9%.
Forest accounts for 46% of the total land
area of the Chhattisgarh region. Sal trees
cover 46% of the forest area followed by
teak. Most of the wood is used for
construction purposes and accounts for
40% revenue from forest sector. There are
10,000 forests based industrial units in the
area out of which 306 are registered
factories for furniture, bidis, kosa and
tobacco industry.
Chhattisgarh is very rich in mineral resources and has the world’s famous reserves of iron, coal,
limestone, dolomite, bauxite, gold and diamond. It is predominantly an agricultural region
despite the fact that it is a repository of rich mineral resources. The important industrial units of
Chhattisgarh are Bhilai Steel Plant, Hindustan Steel Works, NTPC, South eastern Coal Fields
and cement factories and paper mills etc.
According to the 2001 Census, Chhattisgarh has a population of 20,833,803, which is 2.03% of
the country and comprises of 10,474,218 males and 10,359,585 females. Chhattisgarh has a
comparatively low density of population with 154 persons per sq. km as compared to 325
persons per sq. km at the national level. The state is one of the more sparsely populated states in
India. Jangjir Champa has the highest population density of 342 persons per sq km with
Dantewada being the lowest with 41 persons per sq km.
Chhattisgarh’s population is quite young with 33.2 percent below the age of 15.
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10-14,
5-9,
0-4
80+
75-80
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
80+
75-80
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14,
5-9,
0-4
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Male Female
Kank e r
3.12%
Dham tari
3.39%
M ahas am und
4.13%
Raipur
14.48%
Bas tar
6.27%
Dante w ada
3.45%
Kor iya
2.81%
Sur guja
9.47%
Jas hpur
3.57%
Raigar h
6.07%
Dur g
13.49%
Rajnandgaon
6.16%
Kaw ardha
2.81%
Kor ba
4.86%
Bilas pur
9.59%
Janjgir - Cham pa
6.32%
The sex ratio (females per 1,000 males) is 989 for the state as a whole, which is a little higher
than the state sex ratio in 1991 (985). Rajnandgaon has highest sex ratio of 1023 with Koriya
district as lowest with 946. The sex ratio of the child population (0-6 age group) is 975 girls per
1,000 boys, much higher than the corresponding all India figures of 927. Dantewada district has
the highest child sex ratio of 1014 while Raigarh district has the lowest at 964.
The State is ranked 16th among all the states and union territories of India in terms of population
size. The decadal population growth rate was 18.27 % during 1991-2001, much lower than the
growth rate of 25.73% in the preceding decade. The decadal growth rate during 1991-2001 in
Chhattisgarh was also lower than the corresponding growth rate for Madhya Pradesh (24.26%),
as well as for the country as a whole (21.54%). 80% of the population (16,648,056) in the 2001
Census has been classified as rural and 20% of the population (4,185,747) has been classified as
urban. According to 2001 Census, 39.3% of the villages in Chhattisgarh have less than 500
population, 32.7% of villages is between 500-999 population, 21.2%of villages is between 1000-
1999 population and 6.8% of villages is above 2000 population. The low density coupled with
small villages widely scattered over large area pose problem in providing health services close to
habitation. According to the 2001 census 1/5th of the population of Chhattisgarh resides in
urban areas. It has 6 Municipal Corporations, 20 Municipalities and 49 Nagar Panchayats.
Chhattisgarh is a state of cultural diversity with more than 40% of its population belonging to
disadvantaged groups i.e. STs and SCs. The percentage of Scheduled Tribes is 31.8 % (total ST
population of 6616596) and that of Scheduled Castes is 11.6 % (total SC population of
2418722), which together is 43.4 %. Chhattisgarh has the highest population from the Scheduled
Tribes. The Scheduled Tribes are concentrated in the southern, northern and the north-east
districts. The highest concentration is in the Bastar district. The Gonds at 55.1% form the largest
proportion within the tribal population. The Oraons, the Kanwars, the Halbis, the Bharias, the
Bhattras and the Napesias form a substantial portion of the tribal population. There are four
Primitive Tribal Groups in Chhattisgarh. They are Abujhmarias in Bastar; Pahari-Korwa in
Raigarh, Bilaspur and Surguja; Kumar in Raipur and Birhor in Raigarh. The Scheduled castes are
found in central and north-central parts of Chhattisgarh. Janjgir Chhampa, Bilaspur and Raipur
have over 15% concentration of Scheduled Caste.
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Table 2:
Scheduled Tribe Population of Chattisgarh at a Glance
State/Dist
CHHATTISGARH 1013 18.0 998 42.7 53.3 32.3 53.4 53.4 50.2
Bastar
1020 18.8 1013 28.5 38.5 18.8 55.4 58.3 52.6
Bilaspur
1006 18.0 988 42.7 56.2 29.2 50.9 54.2 47.7
Dantewada
1035 19.3 1026 17.6 24.5 10.9 55.4 58.1 52.7
Dhamtari
1022 15.5 1003 57.7 69.0 46.7 55.9 57.7 54.1
Durg
1027 15.5 996 61.9 71.9 52.2 48.6 51.8 45.4
Janjgir - Champa
1029 17.4 979 47.0 61.6 32.8 48.2 51.8 44.8
Jashpur
1016 16.5 986 51.7 60.8 42.7 54.8 57.9 51.7
Kanker
1019 16.9 992 56.9 65.3 48.6 57.2 58.2 56.2
Kawardha
1015 20.3 977 35.2 46.8 23.8 52.0 52.5 51.5
Korba
996 18.2 1003 40.7 53.8 27.5 50.4 55.3 45.6
Koriya
971 18.7 989 42.2 53.7 30.4 57.0 61.3 52.7
Mahasamund
1035 16.3 994 50.2 63.0 37.8 52.3 56.9 47.8
Raigarh
1012 16.9 994 50.1 62.2 38.3 52.7 58.4 47.0
Raipur
1014 17.2 981 47.1 60.4 34.0 50.3 54.2 46.5
Rajnandgaon
1051 17.7 1001 61.7 69.7 54.1 55.7 56.0 55.3
Surguja
987 19.7 992 38.8 48.8 28.6 53.1 56.9 49.1
Source: Census of India,2001
The literacy rate of the population (age group 7 and above) is 77.4 % for males, 51.9 % for
females, and 64.7 % for the total population. The male female gap in literacy rate is quite
significant in the state. This wide gender gap in literacy rates is a reflection of the low status of
women in society. Chhattisgarh ranks 18 among the 35 states and union territories in India in
terms of literacy. The three districts with high literacy districts in Chhattisgarh are Rajnandgaon
(77.2%), Damtari (74.9%), Durg (75.6%). The districts with the low literacy are Dantewada
(30.2%), Bastar (43.9%) and Surguja (54.8%). Rajnandgaon has the highest male literacy (87.2%)
and female literacy (67.6%), whereas Dantewada has the lowest male literacy (39.8%) and lowest
female literacy (20.7%) levels. Among children aged 6-14 years, only 79 % are attending school
(84 % of boys and 75 % of girls). The disparity in school attendance is more by age 11-14 years;
the disparity has grown to 16 percentage points (with 82 % boys attending school, compared
with only 65 % of girls).
Chhattisgarh has a work participation rate of 48.6 as compared to national figure of 39.1
according to the 2001 Census. The male work participation is 52.8 whereas female is 40.0.
Chhattisgarh has one of the lowest per capita income (Rs 7072 in Chhattisgarh as against Rs
12183 at the all India level). At present 38.91% of the population lives below the poverty line.
The fiscal position of Chhattisgarh is better than most other Indian states. It has a primary
surplus and relatively low revenue and fiscal deficit i.e. 1.43% and 3.27% of the NSDP
respectively. Chhattisgarh also has one of the lowest capital expenditure to NSDP ratios at 2.38.
The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) Survey of 1993-94 measured the purchasing
capacity necessary for basic calorie requirement covering food. The table given below sites the
poverty level i.e. Official Poverty Level (OPL) and Expert Group Poverty Level (EGPL).
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Table: 3
1987-88
OPL
EGPL
All
55.35
45.27
Rural
58.47
46.72
Urban
35.38
35.99
Source: http://chhattisgarh.nic.in/development/development.htm
OPL
38.91
38.21
42.21
1993-94
EGPL
28.64
25.74
42.21
It is apparent from the above table that the level of poverty, deprivation and exclusion in the
state is very high.
Health gains relate to access to basic determinants of health such as food water and sanitation
more than they relate to medical care for diseases, many of which result from lack of access to
these basic determinants. The table below reveals a high degree of deprivation with regard to
access to these determinants. Addressing these deprivations is one of the challenges that the
state now faces..
Table: 4
Basic Amenities
All
Access to electricity
31.8
Access to safe drinking water
51.2
Access to toilets
10.3
Access to all three
7.6
Access to none
36.1
Source: http://chhattisgarh.nic.in/development/development.htm
Rural
25.4
45.1
3.3
1.5
41.9
Urban
61.2
79.6
42.4
35.6
9.6
Chhattisgarh ranks 21st in the Human Development Index (HDI) with an index of 0.462. It
ranks 16th in the Social Development Index (SDI) with an aggregate index of 36.35 for urban
areas and ranks 15th with an aggregate index of 28.87 for rural areas. The social deprivation index
of Chhattisgarh is 52.29 for rural population as compared to 57.74 for urban population in 2001.
Perhaps no other state in India is as adversely placed in the context of development as this state,
not withstanding its immense industrial and enormous mineral resources. Tragically and
unfortunately enough in Chhattisgarh:
• Poverty is widespread,
• Literacy is low (especially female literacy),
• Infrastructure and communication facilities are poor,
• Predominantly rural,
• More than 40% of its population belongs to disadvantaged population groups namely
STs and SCs,
Chhattisgarh is definitely far below the national average as far as socio-economic indicators are
concerned and remains well behind other states and can be truly regarded as one of the poorest,
most backward and least developed State in the country.
Health status of the population is but a reflection of the socio-economic development of the
State and is shaped by a variety of factors - level of income and standard of living, housing,
sanitation, water supply, education, employment, health consciousness, personal hygiene and by
the coverage, availability, accessibility, acceptability and affordability of health services.
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Therefore, it is widely accepted that the poor health status of the poor States is the product of
inadequate nutrition, lack of protected water supply and over crowded and unhygienic
conditions. These conditions are in fact conducive to the prevalence of deficiency disease, air-
borne diseases, and water-borne diseases that lead to high morbidity and high mortality in less
developed areas/States. In brief, these diseases arise from a set of conditions which in
themselves represent poverty and social deprivation.
The root cause of poor health status in Chhattisgarh is poverty (both income and human) and
structural inequalities in terms of class, caste and sex. Thus most of the disease burden in
Chhattisgarh is directly or indirectly attributed to poverty. However, the other causes of ill-health
are awareness levels, low levels of social investment on health and education and perhaps not so
efficient functioning of Government Health machinery. These are some of the underlying
factors, which perhaps can explain why health conditions are poor in Chhattisgarh.
These underlying factors perhaps help explain why health conditions are poor in Chhattiagarh.
What follows next are three tables viz table no. 5 on “Basic Demographic and Health indicators:
Chhattisgarh and India: A Comparative Statement”, table no. 6 on Key RCH Indicators NFHS –
II (1998-99)/ DLHS (2002-2004) and table no. 7 on Health Infrastructure and Health Personnel
of Chhattisgarh.
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Table No. 5: “Basic Demographic and Health indicators: Chhattisgarh and India:
A Comparative Statement”
Indicators
Census 2001
Population
Total
Males
Females
Decadal Growth Rate
1981-91
1991-2001
Change in Percentage Decadal Growth Rate
Child Population in age group 0-6 years
Total
Males
Females
Density of Population (per sq kms)
1991
2001
Difference
Sex Ratio (females/1000 males)
1991
2001
Difference
Sex Ratio (0-6 age group)
1991
2001
Difference
Literacy Rate (%)1991
Total
Males
Females
Gap in literacy Rate
Literacy Rate (%) 2001
Total
Males
Females
Gap in Literacy Rate
Decadal Difference (1991-2001) in Literacy Rate
Males
Females
Mortality and Fertility Data, 2003 based on SRS
Bulletin 2005
Birth Rate
Total
Rural
Urban
Chhattisgarh
20,833,803
10,474,218
10,359,585
25.73
18.27
-7.46
3,469,774
(16.68%)
1,756,441
(16.80%)
1,713,333
(16.56%)
130
154
24
985
989
+4
984
975
-9
-
58.07
27.52
30.54
64.7
77.4
51.9
25.5
19.8
24.4
25.2
26.8
22.5
India
1,028,737,436
532,223,090
496,514,346
23.87
21.54
-2.33
163,819,614
(15.9%)
84,999,203
(16.0%)
78,820,411
(15.9%)
267
325
+58
927
933
+6
945
927
-18
-
64.1
39.3
24.8
64.8
75.3
53.7
21.6
11.2
14.4
24.8
26.4
19.8
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Indicators
Death Rate
Total
Rural
Urban
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Total
Rural
Urban
Chhattisgarh
8.5
9.5
7.1
70
77
55
India
8.0
8.7
6.0
60
66
38
Table No 6: Key RCH Indicators NFHS – II (1998-99)/ DLHS (2002-2004)*,
Chhattisgarh and India
% of girls marrying below 18 years of age*
% of births of order 3 and above*
CPR*
% of pregnant women with any ANC*
% of Institutional Delivery*
% of children with full immunization*
Exclusive breastfeeding
Percent of children who received vaccinations
BCG
DPT (3 doses)
Polio (3 doses)
Measles
All vaccinations
% children age 6-35 months with anaemia
% children age 6-35 months with moderate/severe anaemia
% of women with anaemia
% children chronically undernourished (stunted)
% children acutely undernourished (wasted)
% of children underweight
Marriage
% never married among women age 15-19
Fertility and Fertility Preferences
Total Fertility Rate (for past 3 years)
Current Contraceptive Use
Any method
Unmet Need for Family Planning
% with unmet need for Family Planning
Infant Mortality
Infant Mortality Rate
Under-five Mortality Rate
Safe Motherhood and Women’s Reproductive Health
% of births whose mothers were assisted by health
professionals
Awareness of AIDS
% women who have heard of AIDS
Chhattisgarh
31.1
44.9
46.6
41.7
20.2
60.9
81.7
74.3
40.9
57.1
40.0
21.8
87.7
63.8
68.7
57.9
18.5
60.8
65.8
2.79
45.0
13.5
80.9
122.7
32.0
19.6
India
28.0
42.0
53.0
73.4
40.5
47.6
55.2
71.6
55.1
62.8
50.7
42.0
74.3
51.3
51.8
45.5
14.5
47.0
66.4
2.85
48.2
15.8
67.6
94.9
41.7
40.3
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Table No 7: Health Infrastructure and Health Personnel*
Particulars
Required In Position
CHCs
164
116
CHCs in Tribal Areas
78
61
PHCs
659
516
PHCs in Tribal Areas
313
251
Sub Centre
4164
3818
Sub Centres in Tribal Areas
2088
2159
LHVs
516
734
MPW(M)
3818
2940
MPW(F)/ANM
4334
3667
Doctors at PHCs
516
817
Staff nurse
764
590
Specialists (Total)
464
31
Shortfall
48
17
143
62
346
Surplus
Surplus
878
667
Surplus
174
433
Surgeons
Physician
Anaesthetist
Gynaecologist
Pediatrician
RCH Manpower
116
10
106
116
12
104
116
NA
NA
116
NA
NA
116
9
107
Lab Technician
632
219
413
BEE
153
126
27
Source: Bulletin on Rural Health Statistics in India, 2005, Ministry of MoHFW, Department of Family
Welfare,
*The state has additionally allocated budget for 16 CHCs, 200 PHCs, 874 Sub Centres and 300
doctors.
The information in the above tables, are more than self-explanatory because the figures speak
for themselves.
The second National Health Family Survey (NFHS-II), conducted in 1998-99 provides detail
information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and important aspects of health, nutrition
and health care. Some of the salient features of NFHS-II, have been highlighted below, in order
to give a brief overview of the health scenario in the state.
Women in Chhattisgarh tend to marry at an early age. The median age at marriage among
women age 20-49 years in Chhattisgarh is 15.4. The age at marriage has, increased over time,
however three-fourth (73 percent) of women in Chhattisgarh still marry before reaching the legal
minimum age at marriage of 18 years.
Women in Chhattisgarh will have an average of 2.8 children each through out their child-bearing
years, 0.7 children less than in Madhya Pradesh (3.5). The median age at first childbirth for
women age 20-49 years in Chhattisgarh is 18.1 years.
For one-third of births during the three years preceding the NFHS-II survey mothers received at
least three antenatal check-ups. 58 percent of mothers received the recommended number of
tetanus toxoid vaccinations in Chhattisgarh (compared with 54 percent in Madhya Pradesh).
Coverage by all three interventions is much lower for illiterate women and women living in
households with a low standard of living than for other women.
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During the three years preceding NFHS-II Survey, only 14 percent of births in Chhattisgarh
were delivered in a medical facility and only one in three births were assisted by a health
professional (43 percent were assisted by a traditional birth attendant). Utilization of health
services in Chhattisgarh during pregnancy, during delivery, and after childbirth remains very low.
They also point to the important role of traditional birth attendants for the large majority of
births that occur at home. 37 percent of currently married women in Chhattisgarh report some
type of reproductive health problem, including abnormal vaginal discharge, symptoms of a
urinary tract infection, and pain or bleeding associated with intercourse. 68 percent have not
sought any advice or treatment.
Knowledge of contraception is nearly universal: 98 percent of currently married women know at
least one modern family planning method. Women are most familiar with female sterilization
(97 percent), followed by male sterilization (86 percent), the pill (68 percent), the condom (55
percent), and the IUD (40 percent). Yet only 45 percent of married women in Chhattisgarh are
currently using some method of contraception.
Female sterilization is by far the most popular method as per NFHS-II, 35 percent of currently
married women are sterilized. By contrast, only 3 percent of women report that their husbands
are sterilized. Overall, sterilization accounts for 85 percent of total contraceptive use. Use
rates for the pill (1 percent), the IUD (1 percent), and the condom (2 percent) remain very low.
The use of these officially sponsored spacing methods in Chhattisgarh (4 percent) is lower than
the use of these methods in India as a whole (7 percent). Two percent of women use traditional
methods of family planning, primarily the rhythm or safe-period method.
Nearly nine out of ten (89 percent) women who use modern contraception obtained their
method from a government hospital or other sources in the public sector. Only 3 percent
obtained their method from the private medical sector. These data show that the private
medical sector plays a minor role in Chhattisgarh as a source of modern contraceptive methods.
Only 15 percent of women in Chhattisgarh (higher than 11 percent in Madhya Pradesh), were
told by a health or family planning worker about possible side effects of the method they
adopted at the time of adopting the method. 82 percent of contraceptive users in Chhattisgarh,
however, received follow-up services after adopting their method, compared with 76 percent in
Madhya Pradesh.
14 percent of women in Chhattisgarh have an unmet need for family planning, compared with
17 percent in Madhya Pradesh. In Chhattisgarh, 85 percent of rural residents live in villages that
are electrified and 20 percent live in villages that have a cable connection. More than half of
ever-married women in Chhattisgarh (56 percent) saw or heard a family planning message in the
media during the few months preceding the survey. In addition to radio and television, wall
paintings and hoardings and newspapers and magazines are also important sources of
information for family planning messages.
From the information provided in NFHS- II, a picture emerges of women marrying three years
earlier than the legal age at marriage, having their first child about three years after marriage,
having three or more children, and then getting sterilized. The median age for female
sterilization is now 26 years. Very few women use modern spacing methods that could help
them delay their first birth or increase the interval between pregnancies.
As per NFHS-II, estimates infant mortality rate was 81 (deaths of infants per 1,000 live births),
much higher than the infant mortality rate of 68 in India as a whole but somewhat lower than
the infant mortality rate of 88 in Madhya Pradesh. The child mortality rate in Chhattisgarh was
45 (death of children 1-4 years per 1000 children reaching age one). In all, among 1,000 children
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born, 123 die before reaching the age of five years. Expressed differently, 1 in 12 children die in
the first year of life and 1 in 8 die before reaching age five years. Child-survival programmes
might usefully focus on specific groups of children with particularly high infant and child
mortality rates, such as children who belong to the scheduled tribes, children whose mothers are
illiterate, children living in rural areas, and children from households with a low to medium
standard of living.
Infant mortality is 70 percent higher among children born to mothers under age 20 years than
among children born to mother’s age 20-29 years. Clearly, efforts to expand the use of
temporary contraceptive methods for delaying and spacing births would help reduce infant
mortality as well as fertility.
Though breastfeeding is nearly universal in Chhattisgarh, most children do not begin
breastfeeding immediately after birth. Only 14 percent begin breast-feeding in the first hour after
birth and 30 percent do so on the first day of birth. Moreover, for 75 percent of children,
mothers squeezed the first milk from the breast before feeding the baby. Median duration of
any breastfeeding is 36 months or more.
61 percent of children under age three years in Chhattisgarh are underweight, 58 percent are
stunted and 19 percent are wasted. Under- nourishment tends to increase with age. Female
children are more likely to be undernourished than male children. Children of undernourished
mothers and children born in less than two years of a previous birth are also more likely to be
undernourished according to most indicators.
Almost 9 out of 10 children age 6-35 months are Anaemic. Anaemia among children is much
more common in Chhattisgarh (88 percent) than in Madhya Pradesh (71 percent) and in India as
a whole (74 percent). Females are more affected, the prevalence of anaemia is higher among
children age 12-23 months than among older or younger children. Based on a weight-for-height
index (the body mass index), almost half the women in Chhattisgarh (48 percent) are
undernourished. Overall, 69 percent of women in Chhattisgarh have some degree of anaemia,
compared with 52 percent in India as a whole and 49 percent in Madhya Pradesh.
In Chhattisgarh, only 22 percent of children between ages 12-23 months are fully vaccinated.
The percentage of children fully vaccinated in Chhattisgarh is similar to the proportion fully
vaccinated in Madhya Pradesh (23 percent) but much lower than in India as a whole (42
percent). One reason that less than one-fourth of children age 12-23 months has been fully
immunized is the very limited reach of the measles vaccine and the third dose of the DPT
vaccine. Drop out is high for polio vaccine and 3rd DPT vaccine. 92 percent of children who
received one or more vaccinations received most of their vaccinations from a public sector
source. Only one-third (35 percent) of children age 12-35 months has received any Vitamin A
supplementation.
In Chhattisgarh, 26 percent of children under age three had fever during the two weeks
preceding the NFHS - II survey, the same percentage were ill with ARI, and 21 percent had
diarrhoea. 62 percent of children who had ARI were taken to a health facility, among children in
Chhattisgarh, who had diarrhoea, 59 percent were taken to a health facility or health care
provider. Knowledge of the appropriate treatment of diarrhoea remains inadequate. Only 59
percent of mothers of children aged less than three years know about oral rehydration solution
(ORS) packets and 20 percent of mothers incorrectly believe that when children have diarrhoea,
they should be given less to drink than usual.
11 percent of population suffered from malaria during the three months preceding the NFHS II
survey, and 1 percent suffered from hepatitis during the 12 months preceding the survey. The
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prevalence of any tuberculosis (0.6 percent) and medically treated tuberculosis (0.5 percent) is
marginally higher in the state than in India as a whole (0.5 percent any tuberculosis and 0.4
percent of medically treated tuberculosis). This is much higher in rural areas than in urban areas.
17 percent of ever-married women in Chhattisgarh have experienced beatings or physical abuse
since age 15 years, and 9 percent experienced such violence in the 12 months preceding the
survey.
As part of an increasing emphasis on gender issues in NFHS-II, the survey asked women about
the participation in household decision making. It was found that only 49 percent of women
were involved in decision-making about their own health care. 64 percent of women in
Chhattisgarh do work other than housework, and about half of employed women work for
money. One-third of women who earn money can decide independently how to spend the
money that they earn.
In Chhattisgarh, 80 percent have not heard of HIV/AIDS, much more than the estimate of 60
percent for India as a whole. Awareness of HIV/AIDS is particularly low among women who
are not regularly exposed to mass media. Among women who have heard of HIV/AIDS, 93
percent received information about the disease from television, 47 percent from the radio, and
30 percent from newspapers or magazines. Among women who have heard of HIV/AIDS, 55
percent do not know of any way to avoid the infection. In Chhattisgarh, only 4 percent of
women who know about HIV/AIDS received information about the disease from a health
worker. Only 21 percent of women who know about HIV/AIDS mention the use of a condom
as a way of avoiding the disease.
45 percent of households in Chhattisgarh use the private medical sector, mainly private doctors,
private hospitals or clinics for treatment when a family member is ill. Slightly higher proportions
i.e. 47 percent normally use the public medical sector. Ratings on the quality of services are
much lower for public-sector health facilities than for private sector health facilities. In
particular, women whose last visit was to a public sector health facility are much less likely to say
that the facility was very clean, that their need for privacy was respected, and that the staff spoke
to them nicely, than women whose last visit was to a private sector health facility. Only 7
percent of women received at least one home visit from a health or family planning worker
during the 12 months preceding the survey.
Significant achievements of health in Chhattisgarh in recent times have been the near-
eradication of polio and yaws and a considerable reduction in leprosy, though still at a
prevalence rate of 2.4 in the year 2005. However, diarrhoeal disease, malaria and tuberculosis are
still major public health problems. Malaria is endemic in Chhattisgarh with an Annual Parasitic
Index (API) of 10.21 in 2002 and an annual incidence of over about 100000 cases, reported in
the public system alone.
What follows next are two tables, the first table no. 8 titled “Selected District Wise Indicators”,
and table no. 9, ranking of districts
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Table no. 8: Selected Indicators in the Districts of Chhattisgarh
Bastar
18.7 43.9 87 1011 1009
24.1
37.3 65.3 25.1 34.8
44.9
4.5
Bilaspur
17.9 63.5 242 971 965
27.1
42.0 71.2 19.7 35.8
50.7
5.4
Dantewada 15.6 30.2 41 1016 1014
5.9
54.7 86.7 38.5 53.5
76.5
7.5
Dhamtari
20.2 74.9 209 1004 976
22.5
57.3 90.5 18.9 66.4
68.5
3.5
Durg
17.2 75.6 329 982 966
28.1
62.0 97.5 21.6 47.5
80.0
4.5
Janjgir-
Champa
18.7 65.9 342 998 966
32.7
44.4 73.5 11.3 25.9
47.7
1.9
Jashpur
13.2 63.8 127 999 975
23.9
47.4 72.1 20.1 54.4
62.7
6.0
Kanker
18.8 72.9 100 1005 975
8.8
51.7 71.9 28.9 49.1
73.0
4.6
Kawardha
13.8 55.2 138 1002 970
46.4
48.1 79.8 15.9 44.7
63.2
12.2
Korba
22.5 61.7 153 964 978
35.6
44.5 88.2 18.3 34.9
73.9
6.4
Koriya
17.1 63.1 89 946 970
55.3
39.1 65.2
9.2
26.9
61.9
2.4
Mahasamun
d
8.7
67.0 180 1018 979
29.8
51.5 91.9 21.0 56.7
54.5
7.5
Raigarh
18.7 70.2 179 994 964
13.0
49.1 83.9 24.3 30.4
66.9
1.7
Raipur
19.3 68.5 231 980 965
31.2
35.0 83.4 17.3 46.4
66.5
12.0
Rajnandgao
n
17.8 77.2 159 1023 984
32.6
47.1 75.2 22.5 74.6
45.1
4.8
Surguja
24.7 54.8 125 972 977
55.9
46.8 71.8 19.5 48.1
54.8
4.2
Table no. 9a: Ranking of Districts according to Decadal Growth Rate (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Surguja
Korba
Dhamtari
Raipur
Kanker
Raigarh
Bastar
Janjgir-Champa
Bilaspur
Rajnandgaon
Durg
Koriya
Dantewada
Kawardha
Jashpur
Mahasamund
Particulars
24.7
22.5
20.2
19.3
18.8
18.7
18.7
18.7
17.9
17.8
17.2
17.1
15.6
13.8
13.2
8.7
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Table no. 9b: Ranking of Districts according to Density of Population (per sq. km)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Dantewada
Bastar
Koriya
Kanker
Surguja
Jashpur
Kawardha
Korba
Rajnandgaon
Raigarh
Mahasamund
Dhamtari
Raipur
Bilaspur
Durg
Janjgir-Champa
Particulars
41
87
89
100
125
127
138
153
159
179
180
209
231
242
329
342
Table no. 9c: Ranking of Districts according to Sex Ratio (female per 1000 males)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Koriya
Korba
Bilaspur
Surguja
Raipur
Durg
Raigarh
Janjgir-Champa
Jashpur
Kawardha
Dhamtari
Kanker
Bastar
Dantewada
Mahasamund
Rajnandgaon
Particulars
946
964
971
972
980
982
994
998
999
1002
1004
1005
1011
1016
1018
1023
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Table no. 9d: Ranking of Districts according to Child Sex Ratio, 0-6
(Girls per 1000 boys)
Rank District
Particulars
1
Raigarh
964
2
Bilaspur
965
3
Raipur
965
4
Durg
966
5
Janjgir-Champa
966
6
Kawardha
970
7
Koriya
970
8
Kanker
975
9
Jashpur
975
10
Dhamtari
976
11
Surguja
977
12
Korba
978
13
Mahasamund
979
14
Rajnandgaon
984
15
Bastar
1009
16
Dantewada
1014
Table no. 9e: Ranking of Districts according to Female Literacy (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Rajnandgaon
Durg
Dhamtari
Kanker
Raigarh
Raipur
Mahasamund
Janjgir-Champa
Jashpur
Bilaspur
Koriya
Korba
Kawardha
Surguja
Bastar
Dantewada
Particulars
77.2
75.6
74.9
72.9
70.2
68.5
67.0
65.9
63.8
63.5
63.1
61.7
55.2
54.8
43.9
30.2
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Table no. 9f: Ranking of Districts according to Girls Married below 18 years (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Surguja
Koriya
Kawardha
Korba
Janjgir-Champa
Rajnandgaon
Raipur
Mahasamund
Durg
Bilaspur
Bastar
Jashpur
Dhamtari
Raigarh
Kanker
Dantewada
Particulars
55.9
55.3
46.4
35.6
32.7
32.6
31.2
29.8
28.1
27.1
24.1
23.9
22.5
13.0
8.8
5.9
Table no. 9g: Ranking of Districts according to Birth Order 3+ (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Kawardha
Koriya
Janjgir-Champa
Bilaspur
Jashpur
Rajnandgaon
Korba
Surguja
Bastar
Dantewada
Durg
Raipur
Kanker
Dhamtari
Raigarh
Mahasamund
District
Particulars
52.2
50.5
50.3
49.6
49.5
49.0
48.9
45.8
45.3
42.7
42.5
42.2
42.1
41.2
37.3
37.1
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Table no. 9h: Ranking of Districts according to women currently using any FP
methods (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Raipur
Bastar
Koriya
Bilaspur
Janjgir-Champa
Korba
Surguja
Rajnandgaon
Jashpur
Kawardha
Raigarh
Mahasamund
Kanker
Dantewada
Dhamtari
Durg
Particulars
35.0
37.3
39.1
42.0
44.4
44.5
46.8
47.1
47.4
48.1
49.1
51.5
51.7
54.7
57.3
62.0
Table no. 9i: Ranking of Districts according to Women received any ANC (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Koriya
Bastar
Bilaspur
Surguja
Kanker
Jashpur
Janjgir-Champa
Rajnandgaon
Kawardha
Raipur
Raigarh
Dantewada
Korba
Dhamtari
Mahasamund
Durg
Particulars
65.2
65.3
71.2
71.8
71.9
72.1
73.5
75.2
79.8
83.4
83.9
86.7
88.2
90.5
91.9
97.5
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Table no. 9j: Ranking of Districts according to Institutional Deliveries (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
District
Koriya
Janjgir-Champa
Kawardha
Raipur
Korba
Dhamtari
Surguja
Bilaspur
Jashpur
Mahasamund
Durg
Rajnandgaon
Raigarh
Bastar
Kanker
Dantewada
Particulars
9.2
11.3
15.9
17.3
18.3
18.9
19.5
19.7
20.1
21.0
21.6
22.5
24.3
25.1
28.9
38.5
Table no. 9k: Ranking of Districts according to Full Immunization (%)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Districts
Bastar
Rajnandgaon
Janjgir-Champa
Bilaspur
Mahasamund
Surguja
Koriya
Jashpur
Kawardha
Raipur
Raigarh
Dhamtari
Kanker
Korba
Dantewada
Durg
Particulars
44.9
45.1
47.7
50.7
54.5
54.8
61.9
62.7
63.2
66.5
66.9
68.5
73.0
73.9
76.5
80.0
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As seen from the above tables, substantial difference are visible between districts in
achievement of basic socio-demographic indicators and a clear trend is noticed where
backward/vulnerable districts like Surguja and Dantewada are perpetually at the bottom and
better of districts like Raipur, Durg, Mahasamund are at the top.
The report titled :The Ranking of districts in India for area specific planning and programme
interventions” prepared by the International Institute of Population Science (IIPS), Mumbai,
2002 which is an attempt to compute composite indices based on ten key
variables/indicators (using sex indicators of the District Rapid Household Survey (DRHS)
under the RCH programme and four indicators of the Census 20001) has identified districts
as “Vulnerable District” i.e. socially and demographically weak/backward districts or district
that are lagging behind in human development. The variables/indicators are chosen in such a
way that they reflect the overall progress of the districts.
Table No 10: Distribution of Socially and Demographically Backward Districts with
a
composite Index of less than 50.
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Districts
Surguja
Dantewada
Kawardha
Koriya
Bilaspur
Janjgir-Champa
Korba
Bastar
Kanker
Jashpur
Rajnandgaon
Raigarh
Composite Index
36.58
38.09
38.88
39.36
39.46
40.58
41.09
41.29
47.03
47.33
48.08
48.42
Rank
163
177
188
194
195
206
214
217
284
287
299
309
Using the composite index of value less than 50, have been identified as vulnerable i.e.
socially and demographically backward. Out of 16 districts of the state 12 districts of
Chhattisgarh figure in this category. Again, all the tribal districts as well as districts with high
scheduled castes population very much figure in the list of 12 districts.
The health scenario of Chhattisgarh remains a matter of concern. To sum up the morbidity
has its root in communicable diseases for the whole population, malnutrition is rampant
among children under 5, and female population is at risk from complications of pregnancy
and childbirth. Therefore, Chhattisgarh has been and still is experiencing the classical health
problems of underdevelopment and social deprivation, namely nutritional deficiencies and
communicable diseases. The problem in Chhattisgarh is not necessarily and primarily one of
the specific diseases calling for specific medical interventions along the vertical lines, but a
broad horizontal problem of poverty, under development and social deprivation. Therefore,
disease and health in Chhattisgarh should be looked at in the context of social needs and be
related to health and social inequalities and to focus on anti-poverty measures in a holistic
and comprehensive manner.
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To address the above mentioned concerns and challenges the state has initiated a number of
programmes. One of the important programme is the Mitanin programme. It is the nation’s
largest community health volunteer programme, for improving health awareness and
utilisation of health services and to enhance community’s capacity to plan for and cater to its
own basic health needs. Presently there are over 60,000 trained Mitanins.
In health sector reform the State has stressed upon health systems development and capacity
building in the health sector focussing on creation of adequate health facilities with adequate
sanctioned staff, health infrastructure development, operationalisation of first referral units,
management training, better drug distribution and logistics, better behaviour change
communication strategies and the development of health information management systems.
The State has also initiated a number of administrative and policy initiatives for human
resource development, for a State drug and supplies policy, for recruiting and incentivising
staff working in medically under-served areas, for addressing workforce issues and for
promoting rational drug use. The State has drawn up sector wise health development plans
under the sector investment programme, the RCH-II programme and the state partnership
plan with the European Union.
There exists a linkage between social development indicators, health status and population
stabilisation. The issue of population stabilisation is not a technical issue that has a technical
quick fix solution. The answer does not lie in pushing sterilisations and changing targets. For
population stabilisation it is important to improve people’s access particularly women’s
access to quality health care. Women must have access to both essential and emergency
obstetric care. Contraceptive mix needs to be enlarged and expanded. There is also a need to
revitalize community based health initiatives.
We are now discovering that the obvious route to population stabilization is through social
development, through women’s empowerment and through greater gender equality.
Women’s empowerment is critical to human development.
There exists a direct relationship between infant mortality and fertility. Reducing IMR and
child mortality is, therefore, important to reduce population growth and ultimately stabilize
population. Interventions for improving child survival are well known. These are better
education, improved access to quality health care, better nutrition, better employment
opportunities, higher earnings, safe drinking water, better sanitation etc. Interestingly
enough, these are the very same interventions, which are also required for empowering
women, improving the quality of life and for stabilizing population.
Curbing population growth cannot be a goal in itself. It is only a means to development. If
development can help in stabilizing population, truly that is much better and superior
solution to where population growth is curbed in the hope that development will
automatically follow. Improvement of health and nutrition on the other hand can be an end
itself and will lead to population stabilization. Surely, this is a better approach. His has been
accepted in principle in the National Population Policy (NPP) 2000. It believes that people
are the most valuable and precious resource of our country and the common agenda of both
population and development is the well being of the people. Unless the mindset of people
who matter changes, the NPP will remain in paper and cannot be implemented in its true
spirit. The paradigm shift from “number” to “people” has still a long way to go and it is
being recognized that shift to a reproductive health and rights agenda has not been fully
internalized. Therefore, there is a need to address deep-rooted mindsets on critical issues
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relating to population and development. These issues need to be widely disseminated in a
correct perspective among various sections of society.
It is encouraging to know, the state has recognized that the health and population issues can
only be addressed effectively through a social development approach and hence has initiated
a participatory and consultative process for formulating an “Integrated Health and Population
Policy”.
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DISTRICTS
AT A GLANCE
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Name of the District:
Bastar
General information
Area (sq. kms)
Percent to total state’s area
Tehsils
CD blocks
Towns
Villages
Demographic particulars
(Census, 2001)
Population
Total
Males
Females
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
Population density (per sq. km)
Percent urban population
Percent rural population
Percent SC population
Percent ST population
% of 0-6 population to total population
Vital Rates
14974 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
11.1 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
4 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
14
4 Household Amenities, (%)
1461 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
Households with Kutcha Houses
Households with Electricity Connected
Households with Separate Kitchen
1306673 Households Availing Banking Services
649801
656872 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
18.7 Birth Order 3 and above
87 Current use of any FP method
10.0 Pregnant women with any ANC
90.0 Safe delivery
3.0 Institutional delivery
66.3 Children with complete immunization
Children with no immunization
17.8 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
104.1
29.4
3.6
56.0
7.3
34.0
83.2
17.8
24.1
45.3
37.3
65.3
34.8
25.1
44.9
21.6
4.5
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
1011 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
1009
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
43.9
Sub-Centres
56.3
31.6 Mother NGO
Shri Shanti Vijaya Sewa Samiti
58.3 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
2
12
57
330
0.264
16
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3.9 Page 29 |
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Name of the District:
Bilaspur
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms)
8270 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
70.7
Percent to total state’s area
6.1 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
28.5
Tehsils
8 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.6
CD blocks
7
Towns
14 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages
1579 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
58.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
0.8
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
52.9
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
75.2
Total 1998355 Households Availing Banking Services
21.2
Males 1013875
Females 984480 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
27.1
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
17.9 Birth Order 3 and above
49.6
Population density (per sq. km)
242 Current use of any FP method
42.0
Percent urban population
24.4 Pregnant women with any ANC
71.2
Percent rural population
75.6 Safe delivery
35.8
Percent SC population
18.5 Institutional delivery
19.7
Percent ST population
19.9 Children with complete immunization
50.7
Children with no immunization
15.9
% of 0-6 population to total population
17.4 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
5.4
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
971 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
965
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
63.5
Sub-Centres
78.4
48.2 Mother NGO
UTHAN
43.5 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
1
10
42
282
0.449
8
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3.10 Page 30 |
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Name of the District:
Dantewada
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 17634 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
58.4
Percent to total state’s area 13.0 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
30.3
Tehsils
4 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.7
CD blocks
11
Towns
4 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages 1220 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
53.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
23.9
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
22.1
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
85.5
Total 719487 Households Availing Banking Services
16.1
Males 356928
Females 362559 Key RCH indicators from District Level
Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
5.9
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
15.6 Birth Order 3 and above
42.7
Population density (per sq. km)
41 Current use of any FP method
54.7
Percent urban population
7.2 Pregnant women with any ANC
86.7
Percent rural population
92.8 Safe delivery
53.5
Percent SC population
3.4 Institutional delivery
38.5
Percent ST population
78.5 Children with complete immunization
76.5
Children with no immunization
2.8
% of 0-6 population to total population
18.5 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
7.5
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
1016 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
1014
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
30.2
Sub-Centres
39.8
20.7 Mother NGO
Berojgar Mahila Sewa Samiti
59.5 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
-
9
34
204
0.441
9
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4.1 Page 31 |
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Name of the District:
Dhamtari
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 3385 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
70.6
Percent to total state’s area 2.5 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
27.7
Tehsils
3 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.4
CD blocks
3
Towns
2 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages 629 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
66.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
1.7
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
68.3
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
76.7
Total 706591 Households Availing Banking Services
20.7
Males 352524
Females 354067 Key RCH indicators from District Level
Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
22.5
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
20.2 Birth Order 3 and above
41.2
Population density (per sq. km)
209 Current use of any FP method
57.3
Percent urban population
13.2 Pregnant women with any ANC
90.5
Percent rural population
86.8 Safe delivery
66.4
Percent SC population
7.0 Institutional delivery
18.9
Percent ST population
26.3 Children with complete immunization
68.5
Children with no immunization
3.5
% of 0-6 population to total population
16.5 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
3.5
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
1004 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
976
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
74.9
Sub-Centres
86.5
63.4 Mother NGO
Sankalp Sankriti Samiti
55.2 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
1
2
12
139
0.496
6
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Name of the District:
Durg
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms)
8549 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
54.6
Percent to total state’s area
6.3 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
25.4
Tehsils
11 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
2.9
CD blocks
11
Towns
30 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages
1776 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
72.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
1.3
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
69.3
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
75.4
Total 2810436 Households Availing Banking Services
34.0
Males 1417893
Females 1392543 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
28.1
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
17.2 Birth Order 3 and above
42.5
Population density (per sq. km)
329 Current use of any FP method
62.0
Percent urban population
38.2 Pregnant women with any ANC
97.5
Percent rural population
61.8 Safe delivery
47.5
Percent SC population
12.8 Institutional delivery
21.6
Percent ST population
12.4 Children with complete immunization
80.0
Children with no immunization
3.8
% of 0-6 population to total population
15.6 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
4.5
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
982 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
966
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
75.6
Sub-Centres
86.4
64.6 Mother NGO
Berojgar Mahila Sewa Samiti
39.5 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
2
10
46
353
0.578
2
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4.3 Page 33 |
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Name of the District:
Janjgir-Champa
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms)
3852 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
50.4
Percent to total state’s area
2.8 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
28.2
Tehsils
8 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.6
CD blocks
9
Towns
10 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages
889 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
67.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
0.9
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
64.9
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
57.7
Total 1317431 Households Availing Banking Services
19.0
Males 659388
Females 658043 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
32.7
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
18.7 Birth Order 3 and above
50.3
Population density (per sq. km)
342 Current use of any FP method
44.4
Percent urban population
11.0 Pregnant women with any ANC
73.5
Percent rural population
89.0 Safe delivery
25.9
Percent SC population
22.5 Institutional delivery
11.3
Percent ST population
11.6 Children with complete immunization
44.7
Children with no immunization
8.6
% of 0-6 population to total population
17.1 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
1.9
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
998 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
966
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
65.9
Sub-Centres
81.8
50.1 Mother NGO
Champa Christian Mission Hospital
45.6 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
1
6
24
210
0.500
5
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4.4 Page 34 |
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Name of the District:
Jashpur
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 5838 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
45.4
Percent to total state’s area 4.3 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
27.3
Tehsils
4 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.3
CD blocks
8
Towns
2 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages 764 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
40.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
0.2
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
19.9
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
72.6
Total 743160 Households Availing Banking Services
18.3
Males 371697
Females 371463 Key RCH indicators from District Level
Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
23.9
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
13.2 Birth Order 3 and above
49.5
Population density (per sq. km)
127 Current use of any FP method
47.4
Percent urban population
4.6 Pregnant women with any ANC
72.1
Percent rural population
95.4 Safe delivery
54.4
Percent SC population
4.9 Institutional delivery
20.1
Percent ST population
63.2 Children with complete immunization
62.7
Children with no immunization
9.0
% of 0-6 population to total population
16.5 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
6.0
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
999 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
975
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
63.8
Sub-Centres
75.2
52.4 Mother NGO
Chhattisgarh Janjati Vikas Parisad
59.3 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
1
7
27
190
0.455
7
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4.5 Page 35 |
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Name of the District:
Kanker
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 6505 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
86.4
Percent to total state’s area 4.8 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
27.1
Tehsils
6 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.3
CD blocks
6
Towns
1 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages 1068 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
57.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
1.7
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
49.8
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
89.5
Total 650934 Households Availing Banking Services
24.9
Males 324636
Females 326298 Key RCH indicators from District Level
Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
8.8
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
18.8 Birth Order 3 and above
42.1
Population density (per sq. km)
100 Current use of any FP method
51.7
Percent urban population
4.8 Pregnant women with any ANC
71.9
Percent rural population
95.2 Safe delivery
49.1
Percent SC population
4.2 Institutional delivery
28.9
Percent ST population
56.1 Children with complete immunization
73.0
Children with no immunization
0.0
% of 0-6 population to total population
16.4 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
4.6
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
1005 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
975
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
72.9
Sub-Centres
82.7
63.3 Mother NGO
Shri Shanti Vijaya Sewa Samiti
61.0 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
2
5
21
150
0.397
12
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4.6 Page 36 |
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Name of the District:
Kawardha
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 4223 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
96.9
Percent to total state’s area 3.1 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
31.1
Tehsils
2 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.9
CD blocks
4
Towns
2 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages 956 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
55.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
2.1
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
43.9
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
78.8
Total 584552 Households Availing Banking Services
27.1
Males 291963
Females 292589 Key RCH indicators from District Level
Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
46.4
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
13.8 Birth Order 3 and above
52.2
Population density (per sq. km)
138 Current use of any FP method
48.1
Percent urban population
7.7 Pregnant women with any ANC
79.8
Percent rural population
92.3 Safe delivery
44.7
Percent SC population
12.7 Institutional delivery
15.9
Percent ST population
20.9 Children with complete immunization
63.2
Children with no immunization
8.3
% of 0-6 population to total population
19.0 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
12.2
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
1002 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
970
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
55.2
Sub-Centres
71.0
39.5 Mother NGO
Sankalp sanskriti Samiti
58.6 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
-
2
12
96
0.326
15
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4.7 Page 37 |
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Name of the District:
Korba
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms)
6599 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
84.9
Percent to total state’s area
4.9 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
28.3
Tehsils
4 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.6
CD blocks
5
Towns
4 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages
710 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
45.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
1.4
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
49.7
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
70.4
Total 1011823 Households Availing Banking Services
30.2
Males 515147
Females 496676 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
35.6
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
22.5 Birth Order 3 and above
48.9
Population density (per sq. km)
153 Current use of any FP method
44.5
Percent urban population
36.3 Pregnant women with any ANC
88.2
Percent rural population
63.7 Safe delivery
34.9
Percent SC population
10.0 Institutional delivery
18.3
Percent ST population
41.5 Children with complete immunization
73.9
Children with no immunization
3.0
% of 0-6 population to total population
17.0 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
6.4
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
964 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
978
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
61.7
Sub-Centres
75.9
47.0 Mother NGO
NA
39.9 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
1
3
29
194
0.625
1
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4.8 Page 38 |
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Name of the District:
Koriya
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 6604 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
Percent to total state’s area 4.9 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
Tehsils
4 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
CD blocks
5
Towns
6 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages 650 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
Total 586327 Households Availing Banking Services
Males 301251
Females 285076 Key RCH indicators from District Level
Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
17.1 Birth Order 3 and above
Population density (per sq. km)
89 Current use of any FP method
Percent urban population
29.8 Pregnant women with any ANC
Percent rural population
70.2 Safe delivery
Percent SC population
8.2 Institutional delivery
Percent ST population
44.4 Children with complete immunization
Children with no immunization
% of 0-6 population to total population
17.1 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
103.2
27.7
3.4
41.0
0.4
44.3
73.8
40.5
55.3
50.5
39.1
65.2
26.9
9.2
61.9
9.2
2.4
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
946 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
970
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
63.1
Sub-Centres
75.7
49.7 Mother NGO
Chhattisgarh Janjati Vikas Parisad
47.5 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
-
5
21
106
0.391
13
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4.9 Page 39 |
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Name of the District:
Mahasamund
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 4789 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
36.3
Percent to total state’s area 3.5 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
25.6
Tehsils
3 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.1
CD blocks
5
Towns
5 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages 1111 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
57.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
1.1
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
56.9
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
61.7
Total 860257 Households Availing Banking Services
14.3
Males 426201
Females 434056 Key RCH indicators from District Level
Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
29.8
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
8.7 Birth Order 3 and above
37.1
Population density (per sq. km)
180 Current use of any FP method
51.5
Percent urban population
11.4 Pregnant women with any ANC
91.9
Percent rural population
88.6 Safe delivery
56.7
Percent SC population
12.1 Institutional delivery
21.0
Percent ST population
27.0 Children with complete immunization
54.5
Children with no immunization
2.6
% of 0-6 population to total population
15.9 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
7.5
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
1018 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
979
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
67.0
Sub-Centres
81.1
53.3 Mother NGO
Mahila Manch
48.1 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
-
1
4
14
142
0.577
3
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4.10 Page 40 |
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Name of the District:
Raigarh
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms)
7086 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
84.5
Percent to total state’s area
5.2 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
26.5
Tehsils
6 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.2
CD blocks
4
Towns
5 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages
1433 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
69.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
3.6
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
60.6
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
52.2
Total 1265529 Households Availing Banking Services
18.9
Males 634597
Females 630932 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
13.0
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
18.7 Birth Order 3 and above
37.3
Population density (per sq. km)
179 Current use of any FP method
49.1
Percent urban population
13.4 Pregnant women with any ANC
83.9
Percent rural population
86.6 Safe delivery
30.4
Percent SC population
14.2 Institutional delivery
24.3
Percent ST population
35.4 Children with complete immunization
66.9
Children with no immunization
9.9
% of 0-6 population to total population
15.9 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
1.7
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
994 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
964
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
70.2
Sub-Centres
82.7
57.6 Mother NGO
NA
46.5 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
2
5
40
250
0.430
10
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5 Pages 41-50 |
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5.1 Page 41 |
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Name of the District:
Raipur
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 13083 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
53.0
Percent to total state’s area
9.7 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
28.6
Tehsils
13 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.5
CD blocks
12
Towns
16 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages
2124 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
67.0
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
1.3
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
65.7
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
65.1
Total 3016930 Households Availing Banking Services
27.1
Males 1523925
Females 1493005 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
31.2
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
19.3 Birth Order 3 and above
42.2
Population density (per sq. km)
231 Current use of any FP method
35.0
Percent urban population
30.4 Pregnant women with any ANC
83.4
Percent rural population
69.6 Safe delivery
46.4
Percent SC population
16.2 Institutional delivery
17.3
Percent ST population
12.1 Children with complete immunization
66.5
Children with no immunization
9.1
% of 0-6 population to total population
17.1 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
12.0
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
980 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
965
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
68.5
Sub-Centres
82.0
54.8 Mother NGO
CLEAR
40.3 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
1
11
47
461
0.534
4
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Name of the District:
Rajnandgaon
General information
Area (sq. kms)
Percent to total state’s area
Tehsils
CD blocks
Towns
Villages
Demographic particulars
(Census, 2001)
Population
Total
Males
Females
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
Population density (per sq. km)
Percent urban population
Percent rural population
Percent SC population
Percent ST population
% of 0-6 population to total population
Vital Rates
8068 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
6.0 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
8 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
6
7 Household Amenities, (%)
1605 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
Households with Kutcha Houses
Households with Electricity Connected
Households with Separate Kitchen
1283224 Households Availing Banking Services
634342
648882 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
17.8 Birth Order 3 and above
159 Current use of any FP method
18.1 Pregnant women with any ANC
81.9 Safe delivery
9.9 Institutional delivery
26.6 Children with complete immunization
Children with no immunization
16.9 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
112.5
28.5
3.4
63.0
1.1
64.4
78.3
26.3
32.6
49.0
47.1
75.2
74.6
22.5
45.1
11.4
4.8
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
1023 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
984
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
77.2
Sub-Centres
87.2
67.6 Mother NGO
CLEAR
56.8 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
-
6
25
218
0.374
14
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Name of the District:
Surguja
General information
Vital Rates
Area (sq. kms) 15731 Infant Mortality Rate, 2001
56.1
Percent to total state’s area
11.6 Crude Birth Rate, 2001
31.8
Tehsils
9 Total Fertility Rate, 2001
3.9
CD blocks
19
Towns
7 Household Amenities, (%)
Villages
1769 (Census 2001)
Households with Safe Drinking Water
27.2
Demographic particulars
Households with Kutcha Houses
1.3
(Census, 2001)
Households with Electricity Connected
28.3
Population
Households with Separate Kitchen
86.4
Total 1972094 Households Availing Banking Services
20.5
Males 1000050
Females 972044 Key RCH indicators from District
Level Household Survey 2002-04 (%)
Girls marrying below 18 years
55.9
Decadal growth rate, 1991-2001
24.7 Birth Order 3 and above
45.8
Population density (per sq. km)
125 Current use of any FP method
46.8
Percent urban population
7.0 Pregnant women with any ANC
71.8
Percent rural population
93.0 Safe delivery
48.1
Percent SC population
4.8 Institutional delivery
19.5
Percent ST population
54.6 Children with complete immunization
54.8
Children with no immunization
9.5
% of 0-6 population to total population
19.2 Women visited by ANM/Health worker
4.2
Overall sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Sex ratio in the age group 0-6
Literacy rate (7+)
Total
Males
Females
Female work participation rate
972 Medical/Health Infrastructure/
Institutions
District Hospitals
977
Civil Hospitals
No. of CHCs
No. of PHCs
54.8
Sub-Centres
67.6
41.6 Mother NGO
UTHAN
54.4 Human Development Index
Value
Rank within State
1
1
18
65
488
0.418
11
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Definitions of Terms Used:
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): The number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live
births in a given year.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR): The number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The average number of children that would be born alive to a
women (or group of women) during her life time if she were to pass through her child
bearing years conforming to the age specific fertility rates of a given year.
Human Development Index (HDI): The Human development Index (HDI) is a summary
measure of human development. It measures the average achievement of the country in three
basic dimensions of human development i.e., health, education and income.
Sever Anemia: Anemia-haemoglobin level <11.0 grams/deciliter (g/dl) for children and
pregnant women and <12.0 g/dl for non pregnant women.
Stunted: Stunting assessed by height-for-age, wasting assessed by weight-for-height,
underweight assessed by weight-for-age.
Safe Delivery: Either institutional delivery or home delivery attended by doctor/nurse/TBA.
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References
1. Bhat P.N.M., Some Indirect Methods for Estimation of Fertility and Contraceptive Use at District
Level, Population Research Centre, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi
2. Bulletin on Rural Health Statistics in India, Infrastructure Division, MOHFW, Department of FW,
Govt. of India.
3. Chhattisgarh Infotech and Biotech Promotion Society, Government of Chhattisgarh, Human
Development Report, Chhattisgarh.
4. India Social Development Report, Council for Social Development, OXFORD.
5. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai and ORC Macro, 2002, National
Family and Health Survey (NFHS-II), 1998-99
6. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 2006, Reproductive and Child Health-
District Level Household Survey (RCH-DLHS), 2003-2004.
7. Ram Faujdar, Ranking of Districts in India for Area Specific Planning and Programming
Interventions, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai.
8. Registrar General of India ,SRS Bulletin, Sample Registration System, Vol.39 No.1, India
9. Registrar General of India, 2004, Census of India 2001, Primary Census Abstract, Total Population:
Table A-5, Series-I, New Delhi.
10. Registrar General of India, Tables on Housing and Household Amenities, Census of India, 2001.
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Back Cover
POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA
In 1970, a group of enlightened, socially committed and philanthropically inclined industrialists,
led by late Mr JRD Tata and the current Chairman of the Governing Board, Dr. Bharat Ram,
established Family Planning Foundation (re-christened as Population Foundation of India in
1993). It was a noble expression of their concern for the welfare of the people and a positive
response to government’s call for stabilizing population of the country through effective
implementation of national family planning programme.
For over thirty years, Population Foundation of India has dedicated itself to the cause of human
welfare through Family Planning, Reproductive and Child Health Services (RCH) and other
Population Programmes.
Being a pioneer organization for funding and promoting population related activities in the
country, the Foundation has displayed a vision since its inception to make planning for small
families a socially acceptable and sustainable behaviour norm. Its activities have reached beyond
family planning and the immediate concern with contraceptives, to holistic reproductive and
child health programmes, and wider canvas of population and development. Its commitment
and work for the welfare of people at large, has placed it amongst the leading non-governmental
organizations at the national level.
The Population Foundation of India (PFI) is dedicated to promote effective formulation and
implementation of gender sensitive population and development policies, strategies and
programmes. PFI seeks to accomplish this by extending technical and financial support to
individuals and civil society institutions; piloting innovative approaches; and building support at
the national, state and community level through informed advocacy.
POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA
B-28, Qutab Institutional Area, Tara Crescent, New Delhi – 110 016
Tel. No: 91-11-42899770, Fax : 91-11-42899795
Website : www.popfound.org, E-mail : popfound@sify.com