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RCFP_ Contraceptive Methods A Compendium Prevalence effectiveness %26 Efficacy %28English%29 |
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CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS: A COMPENDIUM
PREVALENCE, EFFECTIVENESS & EFFICACY
Spacing Methods
IUDs
Prevalence/ Use ₁
High amongst spacing methods for women (4%)
Effectiveness (implementation
dependent)
High (but dependent on the skills of
the provider)
Efficacy (as measured by failure rate - FR) ₃
High Efficacy
FR= 0.2%
Hormonal
Barrier
Injectables
Implants
Oral Contraceptive Pills
Condoms
Diaphragm
Low (less than 1%), but increasing use.
Medium (due to high initial cost and
training needs)
In a study, it was found that one in every seven
women using modern contraception in Rwanda
currently relies on Implant, compared with less
than one in 25 in 2005
Most common mode of contraceptive method for
women (8%)
High (due to low cost, easy
administrability)₂
Low (due to low compliance)
Most common mode of contraception for men.
(11%)
In a 2008 study conducted among couples in
South Africa and Thailand, women reported that
the SILCS diaphragm was easy to use and
provided good comfort in over 80% of all product
uses.
Low
Low (as the utilization of this
method is really low)
Limiting Methods
Tubectomy
Vasectomy
Prevalence/ Use
Most common method of contraception overall
(74%)
Low level of adoption. (Less than 2%)
Effectiveness (implementation
dependent)
Very High (as the most chosen
terminal method; high number of
trained surgeons and widely
available equipment)
Very High (as the most chosen
terminal method; high number of
trained surgeons and widely
available equipment)
ACCEPTABILITY, ADVANTAGES & SIDE EFFECTS
High Efficacy
FR = 0.05% ₄
Highest Efficacy
FR = 0.0005%
Moderate Efficacy
FR = 9%
Low Efficacy
FR = 15%
Moderate Efficacy
FR=6%
Efficacy (as measured by failure rate - FR)
Very high efficacy
FR = 0.5%
Very high efficacy
FR = 0.15%
Spacing Methods
IUDs
Side effects
Patient Acceptibility ₅
Additional advantages/ Health benefits₇
Chances of uterine infection or injury if insertion Low level of acceptability due to fear Can also act as an emergency contraceptive in
is not appropriate
of side effects of a foreign body in
cases of unplanned coitus.Newer LNG IUS,
the uterus and chances of infection.
substantially reduces menstrual bleeding
Hormonal
Barrier
Injectables
Mild bone mineral loss on long-term use, but Low level of acceptability. High level Has additional benefits similar to OCs. It makes
equivalent to pills or any other hormonal
of discontinuation after 6 months of the periods lighter and more manageable;
contraceptive
use for injectables
Lower the woman's risk of ovarian cancer,
fibroadenoma, anemia, ectopic pregnancy,
endometrial cancer, and pelvic inflammatory
Breakthrough bleeding or other menstrual
Moderate level of acceptability
disease. ₈
Makes the periods lighter, regular and more
irregularities in the beginning. Mild bone mineral
manageable; Lower the woman's risk of
loss on long-term use
developing ovarian cancer, fibroadenoma,
anemia, ectopic pregnancy, endometrial cancer,
and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Implants
Oral Contraceptive Pills
Changes in bleeding pattern, Headache,
dizziness, nausea, breast tenderness, weight
changes, mood changes, acne
Latex allergy
Moderate level of acceptability as
fear of side effects and poor daily
compliance leads to frequent
attrition.
Some of the benefits include reduction in
menstrual- related symptoms, fewer ectopic
pregnancies, a possible increase in bone density
and possible protection against pelvic
inflammatory disease ₉
Acceptability is moderate as for
male condoms. There is growing
acceptability for female condoms.
Prevents against many STIs like HIV, Hep B/C
etc…
Condoms
Diaphragm
Not Available
Acceptability is moderate
No hormonal side effects. May help protect
against cervical pre-cancer and cancer. It can be
inserted ahead of time, so it does not interfere
with sexual activity.
Limiting Methods
Tubectomy
Vasectomy
Side effects
Minor complications associated with surgery.
Difficulty in reversal in case of loss of child
subsequent to surgery
Minor complications associated with surgery.
Difficulty in reversal in case of loss of child
subsequent to surgery
Patient Acceptibility
Acceptability is high once the family
is complete as desired by the couple.
High acceptability but Sterilization
regret common
Acceptability is low due to several
myths and misconceptions around
vasectomy ₆
Additional advantages/ Health benefits
Might protect against ovarian cancer
No Scalpel vasectomy is a comparatively less
complicated procedure
1 FP 2020 data charts
2 Accessed online from IFPMA website: http://partnerships.ifpma.org/partnership/implanon-access-initiative on 14 Apr 2015
3 J Reprod Med. 1999 Mar;44(3):269-74.Intrauterine devices. The optimal long-term contraceptive method? Fortney JA, Feldblum PJ, Raymond EG.)
4 (Draper BH, Morroni C, Hoffman M, Smit J, Beksinska M, Hapgood J, Van der Merwe L. Depot medroxyprogesterone versus Norethisterone oenanthate for long-acting progestogenic contraception. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3.
Art. No.: CD005214. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005214.pub2)
5 Baweja et al 2000
6 Reasons for acceptance of No Scalpel Vasectomy (NSV) among patients attending family planning unit of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Anish TS, Sreelakshmi PR, Ahkila GU, Anandu M, Afsar Fasaludeen. Department of Community Medicine,
Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram - 695011, Kerala, India. 2013; Vol .2 No. April-June ISSN 2319 – 4154
7 Summarization of each section of specific method. Multiple References, each embedded in the respective section.
8 Sitruk-Ware R, Inki P (2005) The levonorgestrel intrauterine system: long-term contraception and therapeutic effects. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 1: 171-182.
9 Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;190 (4 Suppl):S5-22. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Burkman R1, Schlesselman JJ, Zieman M
B-28, Qutab Instituional Area, New Delhi-110016 www.populationfoundation.in