Census 2001 : Preliminary Results
Registrar General and Census
Commissioner of India has released to
the Press the provisional population results of
census of India 2001 on 26th March, 2001. The
pUblication "Provisional Population Totals: Paper
1 of 2001" was also released on the same day.
These provisionaltotals are based on the complete
population enumeration conducted during the
preliminary round from 9th to 28th February, 2001
and the revisional round from 151 to 5th March,
2001 and provide the population picture ofthe
country as on 151 March, 2001. The provisional
totals have been released within 3 weeks after
the census which is a remarkable achievement
in prompt compilation, preliminary analysis and
pUblicationof data from the census. The Registrar
General of India should receive our kudos and
congratulations on this massive endeavour well
completed.
The preliminary totals place the population of
India as on 151 March, 2001 at 1027.015 million
comprising of 531.277 milUonmales and 495.738
million females. India has joined the billionaire
league in population size after China and these
two countries are likely to be the only two
population billionaires ever in the world. The
'provisional population totals' released by the
Registrar General provides for each State/UT
population size by males and females, child
population in the age group Q-6by sex, population
in the age group 7 and over and literates within
this age category by male and female. Thus the
populationtotals providefor each State intonnation
on the crucial variables of population size, sex
ratio (number of females per 1000 males) and
literacy rate for males and females among those
aged 7+ as on 151 March, 2001. Following the
same pattern of tabulations released by the
Registrar General, each of the states in the
country is also releasing the provisional
population totals by the same three characteristics
at the district level. Before the middle of April 2001
information will be known officially for each of the
districts in the country on the population size,
sex ratio and literacy rates by male and female.
These data will provide enough material for
demographers, social scientists and planners to
compare the earlier projections with the actuals
and study where we have succeeded and
where we have failed.
One of the major findings from this census is that
the literacy rate among population aged 7 and
above has improved significantly during the
decade 1991-2001, .from 52.2% to 65.4%, an
impressive increase of 13.2 percentage points.
This jump is even-more significant among the
females among whom the literacy rate increased
from 39.3% in 1991 to 54.2% in 2001. It is also
interesting to observe that the male-female
difference in literacy rates has declined from
28.8% in 1991 to 21.7% in 2001. Thus there is
not only a sharp rise in the literacy rate in the
countty during the decade 1991-2001 but also
the rise in the Itteracyrates of the females is higher
than among the males narrowing the long existing
gender gaps in literacy. For the fist time in the
history of independent India the absolute number
of illiterates have recorded a decline between
two censuses from 328.2 million in 1991 to 296.2
million in 2001. It is also interesting to note that in
every state includingthe so called BIMARU states,
there has been an increase in Itteracyrates during
this decade. This is a welcome development to
be cheered by all.
Another significant finding from the provisional
population totals is that the sex ratio of the
population Le. the number of females per 1000
males has increased to 933 compared to 927 in
1991 census. The increase in the number of
females in relation to males is partly an indication
of a greaterdecline inthe mortalttylevelsof females
compared to males during this decade. There is
also the possibility of a relatively better
enumeration of females in 2001 census compared
to 1991 census, possibly because of the greater
attention to the census given by the feminist
groups and women's organisations to ensure
that the women are properly counted in the
country.
One of the frustrating facts for family planners is
thatthe census population of 1027.02 million is
substantially higher by almost 15 million than the
official projections made in 1996 by the Planning
Commission by an expert committee under the
Chairmanship of Registrar General of India with
the projected population on 1st March 2001 at
1012.4 million. While the average annual growth
rate of population has declined from 2.14% during
the decade 1981·1991 to 1.93% in 1991-2001,
this growth rate is higher than the assumed one
even as late as 1996 for this decade. Particularly
disappointing are the resultsforthe states of Bihar,
Gujarat, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh where
growth rate between these two decades has
actually increased from 2.10% to 2.50% ; 1.92%
to 2.03% ; 2.42% to 2.47% and 2.28% to 2.30%
respectively. North Eastern States of Sikkim,
Nagaland, Manipur have also recorded increase
in their growth rates. Rajasthan has shown a
marginal decline from 2.50% to 2.49%. U.P.with
an enumerated population of 166.1 million in 2001
is continuing to grow at a faster rate than before.
This is particularly frustrating since international
assistance of a substantial order has been
invested inthis state for promoting family planning
reproductive child health and pOPulatio~
stabilisation during the past 10 years.
There appears to be a need to pay special
attention in population stabilisation programmes
parrticularty the states of U.P., Bihar, Rajasthan
and Gujarat. The fact that their growth rate has
not declined and even increased in the past
decade in sptteof rise in their literacy levels needs
special investigation.
Another disappointing feature is a decline in the
sex ratio of the child population in the age group
0-6 in the country. While the overall sex ratio has -.,.
increased from 927 to 933, the sex ratio among
childrenhasdeclinedfrom 945 to 927. Significantly
low sex ratios, below 900 among children are
observed in the states of Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana
~~~n~~~~~ ~~: f~ctt~~atUt~~:e ~:~i~~:n o.
•. substantial rise in the sex ratio of the population.
aged 7+ while there is a decline in the sex ratio of
the population aged 0-6 raises the possibilities of
sex selected distortions in the reported ages of
children. This needs to be investigated.
On the whole the census of 2001 gives a mixed
picture of the country wtth rapid rise in the literacy
levels, improvement in overall sex ratio and
stagnation of growth rates in some of the large
Hindi speaking states of the North in the country.
-•.... ~""~ 9. --"'-
(Dr. K Srinivasan) ~