 |
Monograph_Adolescent |
|
|
1 Pages 1-10 |
▲back to top |
|
|
1.1 Page 1 |
▲back to top |
M N GRAPH
On Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
Population Foundation of India
|
|
1.2 Page 2 |
▲back to top |
|
|
1.3 Page 3 |
▲back to top |
C Population Foundation of India
June 2009
DISCLAIMER : This ARSH scan is based on the information available in the public
domain: both published and unpublished documents. As there was no public advertisement
adopted for this scan, some of the innovations / pilots with evidences of success may not
appear here. We recognize this limitation in the scan process. A few pilots identified during
the scan have been dropped due to lack of availability of information.
Designed / Printed by : IMAGE, 9811116841, 23238226
|
|
1.4 Page 4 |
▲back to top |
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
v
Foreword
vii
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programme Scan – The Process
ix
Information on Pilots
1-149
GROUP – I : Community Based Programmes on Unmarried Adolescents
1
GROUP – II : Community Based Programmes on Married Adolescents
35
GROUP – III : School Based Programmes on Married and
61
Unmarried Adolescents
GROUP – IV : Community Based Programmes on Married and
105
Unmarried Adolescents
|
|
1.5 Page 5 |
▲back to top |
|
|
1.6 Page 6 |
▲back to top |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The inspiration of developing a reference guide on Young People’s Reproductive and Sexual Health
(YPRSH) programmes evolved from our own need which was realized during the scan of YPRSH
programmes. PFI conducted this scan to identify various YPRSH programmes across the country.
The outcome was identification of selected promising practices in YPRSH with potential for going to
scale.
This monograph was made possible due to the guidance and support of many people. We extend our
heartiest thanks to all of them. We are extremely grateful to Mr. A. R. Nanda for giving us the opportunity
to conduct the YPRSH scan. We are thankful to him for the guidance and encouragement he provided us
during the process of development of this monograph. We would like to thank Dr. Kumudha Aruldas,
Ex-Additional Director, PFI for her support and guidance in the YPRSH scan. We are also thankful to our
colleague Ms. Sona Sharma for providing support in the process of developing the monograph.
Our heartiest thanks to all the organizations for providing us valuable information about the pilots
featured in this monograph.
We are extremely thankful to Management Systems International (MSI), our technical support partner in
scaling up. MSI had been a part of the YPRSH scan and guided us in the whole scanning process. We
thank MSI for providing valuable suggestions throughout.
We are extremely grateful to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation for the generous
financial support for this publication.
Shrabanti Sen
Stanzin Dawa
Rakesh Kumar
|
|
1.7 Page 7 |
▲back to top |
|
|
1.8 Page 8 |
▲back to top |
FOREWORD
Global and national experience shows that the field of reproductive health is
filled with models or innovations that have potential to impact at a larger scale
– both geographically and to larger population. In India there is a growing
need for large scale programs to address young people’s reproductive and sexual
health needs.
India is home to approximately 18 percent of world’s youth between ages of 10-24. About one fifth of
India’s population is in the age group of 10-19 years. It is expected that this age group will continue to
grow reaching over 214 million by 2020. Adolescents are a vulnerable group, experiencing their
sexuality for the first time often without lack of access to accurate information or services. In India
marriages before the age of 18 predominate and teenage pregnancy is common especially among poor,
rural and marginalized segments of the society. Married adolescent women, who usually live with their
in-laws and are under the strong influence of their mothers-in-law, face strong pressures to bear children
quickly.
Both government and non-governmental organizations in India have been trying to address some of the
challenges of delivering care to widespread populations in various geographical terrains. They have been
key players in innovations of rights based adolescent reproductive health projects but at a small scale.
There are various models which have successfully addressed young people’s reproductive and sexual health
and improved understanding of reproductive and sexual rights. Evidence from these pilot projects has
demonstrated that it is possible to substantially reduce maternal mortality and address young people’s
reproductive and sexual health needs. These models have evidence of success, but need proper advocacy
and support for going to scale. Also, the scaling up is often limited due to reasons such as the originating
organization’s lack of skills, capacity and resources to prepare their models for going to scale; insufficient
advocacy to achieve formal adoption; and inadequate understanding and resources for transferring the
models. PFI is committed to help the originating organizations implementing such innovative programmes
and facilitate to bridge the gap in the process of going to scale from a pilot.
This document provides a glimpse of selected pilots from different parts of the country addressing various
issues of young people’s reproductive and sexual health. These include government as well as NGO and
corporate initiated pilots. Many pilots which featured in this document have promising practices which
could be experimented further and be considered for scaling up. We hope that this publication will serve
as a key reference guide to the policymakers, central and state governments, donors, researchers, programme
managers and NGOs.
A R Nanda
Executive Director, PFI
June, 2009
|
|
1.9 Page 9 |
▲back to top |
|
|
1.10 Page 10 |
▲back to top |
Young People’s Reproductive and Sexual Health
Programmes Scan – The Process
Background
PFI is in the third year of the grant from the MacArthur Foundation, to establish itself
as a center of excellence in scaling up in India. In this role, PFI provides technical
assistance and support to NGO partners, to identify and facilitate the scaling up of
successful/promising pilot projects in Reproductive and Child Health (RCH); and Adolescent
Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) in India.
In April 2006, Population Foundation of India (PFI) received a two year grant from John
D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to work as a resource organization in scaling
up of reproductive health pilots in India. In order to facilitate scaling up, PFI has worked in
collaboration with Management Systems International (MSI). Recognizing the fact that
scaling up is a process and it takes time, MacArthur foundation extended the grant period
to two more years till June 2010. In the first two years as a resource organization in
scaling up, PFI focused more on successful NGO pilots to address Maternal Morbidity and
Mortality; and Newborn and Child Health issues. However, in the 3rd year, PFI is also
committed to work with Government initiated pilot models as well as models of Public and
Private Partnership initiatives along with successful adolescent reproductive and sexual
health pilots.
India is in the middle of a demographic transition, with adolescents accounting for one
third of the population making this the largest generation in history to make the transition from
childhood to adulthood. Half of Indian women in the age group (20-24 years) were married
by the age of 18 years and almost one-quarter by 15 years (National Family and Health
Survey, 2005-6) making adolescent pregnancy a common risk factor that also contributes to
maternal mortality, even if they have access to safe services. The SRS, 2007 data shows
that 41 percent of all maternal deaths occur in the age of 15-24 years. The highest
proportion of maternal deaths occur in the age group of 20-24 years (29 percent).This
underscores the need to enable young couples to postpone pregnancy to a later age.
Understanding of adolescent health needs and service delivery strategies is limited. However,
several promising practices exist in the private sector as well as within the Government Health
systems. Further, interventions that have been successful in the Government have a greater
scope of being scaled up within the extensive health systems network of the Government in
various states.
Understanding the fact that the status of Young People’s Reproductive and Sexual
Health (YPRSH) is an important component of reproductive and child health situation in
India, PFI decided to conduct a scan of successful innovations on YPRSH across the
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
ix
|
|
2 Pages 11-20 |
▲back to top |
|
|
2.1 Page 11 |
▲back to top |
country. The prime objective for this scan was to identify successful pilots on young
people’s reproductive and sexual health with the potential for going to scale.
Methodology
1. Scan of Pilots – using secondary data
PFI/MSI identified 60 ARSH pilots from various states across the country and it
includes both Government and NGO led pilot initiatives. The source of information to
identify the pilots include websites, referral/discussions with various stakeholders in ARSH,
journals, papers (both published and unpublished) and other related documents. Based on
the information gathered from various sources, PFI/MSI developed a set of indicators and
prepared a matrix for enlisting such pilots. The YPRSH pilots which were identified during
the scan are part of this monograph. Due to lack of available information, some of the
pilots were dropped from this monograph.
The ARSH matrix includes following indicators
• Name of the originating organization
• Name of the project
• Location of the project (Geographical area of implementation)
• Project partners
• Project Duration
• Research Design
• Intervention level
• Objectives/ key Indicators
• Current project status
2. Grouping the Pilots
The PFI scaling up team in discussion with the scaling up master trainers and MSI
grouped these identified pilots into four different categories. The purpose of grouping these
ARSH pilots was ensuring the inclusion of at least one pilot from all the identified categories.
The broad categories for the grouping were:
1. Sex (boys/girls)
2. Marital status (married / unmarried)
3. Intervention area (community based / school based)
4. Intervention focus (reproductive health / life skills)
x
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
2.2 Page 12 |
▲back to top |
There were striking variations among these identified pilots in terms of the intervention.
Hence, further stratification of the groups was done to develop a better understanding of
these pilots. Based on the broad group, nine different categories were developed. All the
60 ARSH pilots then were regrouped under these 9 categories. These 9 categories are as
follows:
I. Unmarried Adolescent girls; Reproductive health with life skill1; Community
based
II. Unmarried Adolescent Girls; Reproductive Health with Life skill; school based
III. Unmarried Adolescent Girls,; Life skill with Reproductive Health2; Community
based & school based
IV. Unmarried adolescent (boys & girls); Life skill with Reproductive health;
School based
V. Unmarried adolescent (boys & girls); Reproductive Health with Life Skills;
Community based
VI. Married couples, Reproductive health, Community Based
VII. Married and unmarried adolescents (girls and boys), Reproductive health with
life skill; community based
VIII. Married & Unmarried boys; Reproductive health; Community based
IX. Training; Communication and Advocacy
3. Assessing the scalability of pilots
PFI/MSI has developed an assessment tool to assess the scalability of pilots. All
these pilots were assessed using the scalability assessment tool3. The scalability
assessment tool has seven broad categories which are further divided into 28 different
criteria. The seven broad categories of the scalability assessment tool include:
1. Is the model credible?
2. How observable are the model’s results?
1 Reproductive health with life skill: Main intervention is reproductive health of adolescents but life skill is
a component
2 Life skill with reproductive health: Main intervention is life skill but reproductive health is a component
3 The scalability assessment tool was developed by Management Systems International (MSI).
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
xi
|
|
2.3 Page 13 |
▲back to top |
3. How relevant is the model?
4. Does the model have relative advantage over existing practices?
5. How easy is the model to adopt and transfer?
6. How testable is the model?
7. Is funding likely to be available or resources saved?
The scalability of all the identified models was assessed using the scalability
assessment tool. For many pilots, adequate information was not available which is required
for the assessment. It was not pre determined as to how many pilots will be short listed.
Based on the information in the available documents and the potential for going to scale,
10 pilots were selected.
Limitations and Challenges
This ARSH scan is based on a desk review of documents (published and unpublished)
and it has the following limitations.
• Since the scan was not done through public advertisement, there are chances that
some pilots with evidence of success may not appear.
• Acquiring information on pilots was time consuming.
• Available documents were often incomplete and not always evidence based. Lack
of information about the pilots results made the scalability assessment difficult
• Even in the published documents, many information (like evaluation, costing) were
missing
• Some originating organizations were reluctant to share documents related to the
pilots. Even consultations with the originating organizations over phone and/or
email were not helpful. The possible reason for this could be that they were not
clear/ convinced about the purpose of this scan and communication through
phone/ email may not always convey the complete message. Also, visiting all the
60 identified pilots and meeting the originating organization would have been time
consuming and not cost effective.
• Many pilots were dropped from the list due to lack of information available, even if
interventions were promising
xii
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
2.4 Page 14 |
▲back to top |
Next steps
These 10 shortlisted pilots will be explored further to assess their potential for scaling
up. PFI will communicate with the originating organizations and request them to share
documents available on these pilots (evidence for success, process documents, costing
etc.) to help it understand these pilots better. Also exploratory visits and meetings with the
originating organizations are planned to acquire further information. PFI in consultation with
MSI has developed a detail checklist/tool to further assess the scalability of these pilots.
This checklist will be used to assess the scalability of the pilots during the exploratory
visits. Based on the exploratory visits and information available, the scalability of these
pilots will be analyzed. This scan would facilitate developing new partnerships in the
context of the vision, mission and strategic area of operation of PFI. Finally 2-3 pilots with
strong potential for scaling up will be selected by PFI to work closely to scale up.
In this document, the pilots are categorized into the following four groups.
1. Community based pogrammes on unmarried adolescents.
2. Community based programmes on married adolescents.
3. School based programmes on married & unmarried adolescents
4. Community based programmes on married and unmarried adolescents.
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
xiii
|
|
2.5 Page 15 |
▲back to top |
GROUP – I
Community Based
Programmes on Unmarried Adolescents
|
|
2.6 Page 16 |
▲back to top |
|
|
2.7 Page 17 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Institute of Health Management, Pachod
(IHMP)
2. Address of the organization with website IHMP, P.O. - Pachod, Dist - Aurangabad ,
address if available
Pin: 431121, Maharashtra;
Tel: 91-2431-221382;
Website: www.ihmp.org
3. Name of the project
Delaying Age At Marriage in Rural
Maharashtra
4. Year of initiation
1997
5. Year of completion
2001
6. Primary thematic area
Life skills
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Reproductive health
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Pachod in Aurangabad District and Pune in
Maharashtra
9. Primary target group
Unmarried adolescent girls(12-18 years)
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
International Center for Research on Women
(ICRW)
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
3
|
|
2.8 Page 18 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
Ford Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation
15. Project Goal / objectives
To delay age of marriage by a year in a rural
setting by offering year-long life skills
course
16. Project key components / interventions
life skills course as a one-year program with
one-hour sessions each weekday evening. A
total of 225 one-hour sessions divided into
five sections: social issues and institutions;
local bodies (such as local government and
civil society structures); life skills; child health
and nutrition; and health.
17. Research design
Quasi experimental (pre-post case-control
design), qualitative and quantitative
techniques were used
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
In the intervention area the proportion of
marriages to girls (ages 11 to 17) in the
program area steadily decreased between
1997 and 2001, from 80.7 percent to 61.8
percent, whereas no change occurred in the
control areas. The median age at marriage of
young girls in the program area increased
from 16 years in 1997-2000 to 17 years in
2001, whereas it remained unchanged in the
control area.
19. Information sources
Improving the reproductive health of married
and unmarried youth in India by ICRW
4
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
2.9 Page 19 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Swaasthya
2. Address of the organization with website G-1323 Basement, Chittaranjan Park,
address (if available)
New Delhi – 110019, India;
Tel: 91-11-26270153 / Fax: 91-11-26274690;
Email : swaasthya@satyam.net.in
website: www.swaasthya.net
3. Name of the project
Addressing Adolescent Girls’ Reproductive
& Sexual Health Concerns
4. Year of initiation
1998
5. Year of completion
2001
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Life skill
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Tigri resettlement colony, New Delhi
9. Primary target group
Unmarried adolescent girls (12-22 years)
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban slums
13. Project partners (technical
support/ others)
14. Donors/sponsors
International Center for Research on Woman
(ICRW)
Rockefeller Foundation
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
5
|
|
2.10 Page 20 |
▲back to top |
15. Project goal/ objectives
To enhance the sexual health of adolescent
girls by addressing them and their
“immediate” environment through a
participatory, community development
approach.
16. Project key components/ interventions
The key components of the project are :
• Training for adolescent girls using Skills
Building Modules (SBM) – set of 7 training
modules to build girls’ understanding of
‘self’, and increase their capacities and life
skills to deal with real life situations, both
social and health-related.
• Communication Package - disseminating
information by interpersonal communi-
cation with trained Swaasthya field workers
(didi–Term used in local dialect),
and through indigenously made videos
aired on local television.
• Social and Peer Support – creating a
support network for the girls by forming
women’s and adolescent community
groups that met monthly to increase
understanding between mothers &
daughters.
17. Research Design
Pre test – post test (cross-sectional surveys),
Quantitative (baseline and endline surveys)
and qualitative (Focus Group Discussions)
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
The knowledge of reproductive and sexual
health, and knowledge of legal issues, were
particularly effective in increasing perceived
self-determination
• SBM: quantitative and qualitative data
showed that these modules increased
girls’ perceived self determination,
knowledge
of
reproductive
6
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
3 Pages 21-30 |
▲back to top |
|
|
3.1 Page 21 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
and sexual health, and positive
perspectives.
• Communication package: qualitative and
quantitative data suggest that the
Swaasthya field workers were effective in
increasing girls’ knowledge of reproductive
and sexual health, and their perceptions of
support from gatekeepers. The video
intervention was delayed and thus unable
to be effectively evaluated.
• Social support: qualitative evidence points
strongly to the effectiveness of this strategy
in improving communication between girls
and their mothers, and in changing adult
gatekeepers’ perceptions of adolescent
girls’ lives and needs.
Improving the reproductive health of married
and unmarried youth in India by ICRW and
www.swaathya.net
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
7
|
|
3.2 Page 22 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Department of Women & Child Development,
Government of Haryana
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
SCO No: 360-361, Sector - 34 A, Chandigarh
Tel: 0172- 2604541,
Website: www.wcdhry.gov.in
3. Name of the project
Apni Beti, Apna Dhan (ABAD)
4. Year of initiation
1994
5. Year of completion
Ongoing
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Economic upliftment
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
All over Haryana
9. Primary target group
All families belonging to SC/BC categories
(Except Gazetted Officer) and families of
General Caste category living below poverty
line (Provided the new baby is 3rd child in
the family)
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
Integrated Child Development Services
(ICDS)
8
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
3.3 Page 23 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
Women & Child Development Department,
15. Project Goal / objectives
The main objective of this scheme was
upliftment of status of the girl child in the
family as well as the society so as to; bring a
change in the people’s attitude to treat
daughters as assets rather than burden.
The scheme also aims to correct the
demographic imbalance and meet the felt
needs of the women and girl child
16. Project key components / interventions
• The mother of the girl child was given
Rs. 500 in cash within 15 days of birth of
the girl child as post delivery assistance
towards nutritional and medical care
• Rs. 2500 was invested for the girl child in
Indira Vikas Patras (IVPs) or other small
savings scheme. The investments are to
be made within 3 months of the birth of the
girl child
• This amount of Rs. 2500 on maturity will
become about rs. 25000 which will be
given to the girl child after attaining the age
of 18 years and if she is unmarried till then,
she will be free to spend this amount on
her education or starting some activity or
on her marriage
• Girls who defer their encashment of
amount of IVPs by 2 or 4 years under the
scheme will get Rs. 30000 and Rs. 35000
respectively. They will also be given 10
percent extra margin money and 10
percent extra subsidy by the Haryana
Women Development Corporation on the
then prevalent rates of subsidy and margin
money, if they wish to seek loans for
starting any economic activity under the
new loaning scheme of the corporation
17. Research Design
Post intervention evaluation
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
9
|
|
3.4 Page 24 |
▲back to top |
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
A beneficiary assessment conducted in three
districts in 1998-99 found that most
government officials were aware of eligibility
criteria, and funds were disbursed in a timely
manner to successful applicants, but no
impact evaluation was conducted. An
estimated program impact (2009) shows
that, the conditional cash transfers provided
to eligible households under the Apni Beti
Apna Dhan program positively affected girls’
birth and survival as measured by changes in
the sex ratio of mother’s total living children
over time. The program had inconclusive
effects on mothers’ preferences for female
children and for total desired fertility. We also
find that parents increased their investment in
daughters’ human capital as a result of the
program. Families made greater post-natal
health investments in girls after the program,
with some mixed evidence of improving
health status in the short and medium term.
Further evidence also suggests weak but
consistently positive impacts on education:
the early cohort of eligible
http://nrcw.nic.in/shared/report/142.pdf;
http://faridabad.nic.in/Administration/
women&.htm#ABAD
10
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
3.5 Page 25 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
SMILE Foundation
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
Smile Foundation, V 11, Level 1,
Green Park Extension,
New Delhi - 110 016,
INDIA
Tel. + 91-11-41354565/66
Website: www.smilefoundationindia.org
SMILE Twin e- learning Project- A Programme
for urban underprivileged youth
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
2007
2012
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Livelihood
—
The project is proposed to be implemented in
slums of National capital of Delhi, Mumbai in
Maharashtra state and Chennai in Tamilnadu.
There are several slums in these cities,
Dharavi in Mumbai being the largest slum in
Asia. Under the project one centre each in
these cities shall be established in vicinity of
or in slums settlements itself.
9. Primary target group
Youth from under-privileged section of the
society between the age group of 18-25 yrs
and completed formal schooling
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community based
—
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
11
|
|
3.6 Page 26 |
▲back to top |
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban slums
13. Project partner
(technical supports/others)
Local NGOs
14. Donors/sponsors
SMILE Foundation, Micro Soft, Barclays,
TechMehndra Foundation
15. Project goal/objectives
The overall objective of the SMILE Twin
e-learning Programme is to create
sustainable livelihoods for urban
underprivileged youths (with equal focus on
girls) by training /orienting them in marketable
skills and facilitate placements in jobs, thus
enabling a dignified livelihood leading to
improvement in socio economic status of
individual adolescent including status of girls,
their family and society, in general. In all 1800
adolescents from three major slums shall be
benefited in 5 years. The project aims to
change lives of underprivileged youth by
providing them with employability skills by
• Running a STEP centre in all major Indian
urban centers across country
• Creating a scalable, replicable and
sustainable livelihood program for youth
• Creating a positive impact on livelihood
indicators of micro locations
16. Project key components/interventions
The key interventions of this project are
i) beneficiary mapping, ii) selection, training
and facilitation of placements.
The key components of training are-
Communicative English, Basic IT Skills,
Personality Development, Life Skill education,
Basic Management tips. Subjects like Retail
Management, Accounting etc are part of
specialized courses offered in selected
centers.
12
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
3.7 Page 27 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
The programme has been initiated based on
the out come of various researches already
undertaken by Team Lease and Nasscom.
The final evaluation is yet to be done.
Different Twin e-Learning Centres started
functioning at different time points after initial
hiccups of varied natures and for varying
time.Some of the centres, particularly in non-
metro but large cities, took longer to take off
due to logistics problems such as getting
rented premise, delivery of hardware,
qualified teachers at reasonable salary,
community mobilization, adequate power
connection in premise, procuring adequate
furniture and fixtures etc and thus the
student’s enrolment, turn-out have been
different for different centres – appearing
quite deceptive for the purpose of stock
checking if looked at entirety for a period of
6 months or one year since launch. From
existing Twin e-Learning centres, a
total of 1210 students completed training
over till Sep 08. About 720 students
have been placed and the remaining
either decided to continue with further studies
after the training and/or joined some self-
enterprise.The programme has been able to
reach out to 3000+ youth (inclusive of the
current trainees). Among the trained youth,
more than 70% have been facilitated with jobs
and rests are either self employed to
continue their education. The major
employers have been outlets like Cafe coffee
day, West side (Trent) , Reliance retail,
Spencer, big bazaar, etc
http://www.net4kids.org/UserFiles/Project
Files/Website_PDF_versie_Smile.pdf
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
13
|
|
3.8 Page 28 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Foundation for Education and Development
C-113, Shivagi Marg,
Tilak Nagar, Jaipur 302 004 Rajasthan India
Tel: 141-2620845, 141-2620127
Fax: 141-2624824
E-mail : ddashak@gmail.com
Website : www.doosradashak.org
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
Doosra Dashak
2001
On going
Adolescent Health
—
7 districts of Rajasthan, It operates in 620
villages in nine blocks (a block is a
decentralized administrative unit below the
district) whose population is 15 million. Two
of the blocks are inhabited by India’s most
“backward tribes” – the Sahariyas and the
Girasiyas. Other blocks have large
concentrations of Dalit and of Muslim
populations. One of the blocks is located in
the heart of the Thar Desert – an ecologically
fragile area with endemic drought..
Adolescents from areas of extreme poverty
and educational deprivation 11-20 years old
14
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
3.9 Page 29 |
▲back to top |
10. Primary Level of intervention
Out of school, community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural (covers 620 villages)
13. Project Partners (technical support)
—
14. Donors/sponsors
UNESCO and Tata Education Trust
15. Project objectives
The overall objective of the project is to
improve the quality of life of adolescents and
young adults through provision of appropriate
learning opportunities and thereby creating a
dynamic force for social change and
economic development. In respect of the
overall objective the specific objectives are as
follows:
• To meet the basic learning needs of
adolescents and to relate learning to their
life, work and environment.
• To offer holistic, value based education to
out of school adolescent persons,
including education about health and
sanitation.
• To enhance critical awareness so that they
could understand their present
predicament and take measures to
change it through proactive action and
interventions.
• To equip them for adolescence and family
life through improvement in their health
awareness and development of a positive
attitude towards small family norm.
• To enhance vocational and life skills.
• To initiate continuing education for
reinforcing initial residential education and
to provide for unmet learning needs.
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
15
|
|
3.10 Page 30 |
▲back to top |
16. Project key components/interventions
• To work towards improvement of the
formal system of education.
• To take planned measures for
amelioration of lives of the people through
improvement in working of public services
such as schools, health-care centres,
early child-care centres, drinking water,
etc.
• To harness their energies for nation
building through creation of cadres who
may provide educated, informed and
responsible leadership.
• To create a cadre of adolescents and
young persons to strive for human rights
including right to information, right to
education, right to work/employment and
women’s right to life.
• To employ science and technology for
improving the lives of the people.
• To engage in advocacy and dissemination
at local, provincial, and national levels to
create a favorable environment towards
recognition of the learning needs of
adolescents and provision accordingly.
Formation of women’s groups: An attempt
has been made to revive women’s groups
set up under Lok Jumbish. Where they did
not exist, DD field workers have worked
towards their formation. Creating women’s
organisations has been an important part of
the operational strategy and over a period of
time village level groups have been
consolidated in the form of block level
organisations which are called Jagrat Mahila
Sanghathan (JMS, an organization of
empowered women) in DD.
• Trainings: Gender comprises an
indispensable part of practically all training
16
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
4 Pages 31-40 |
▲back to top |
|
|
4.1 Page 31 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
19. Information sources
programmes. It is treated in a cross-cutting
sense in the new curriculum which implies
that it has a distinct place in all
subjects.
• Management: Nearly 50 percent of all
management personnel, as well as
adolescent participants, are women. Almost
all Review and Planning Meetings (RPMs)
are conducted as sessions in gender
sensitivity and methods are employed to
ensure that this sensitivity becomes a part
of the entire DD culture.
• Gender in all DD activities: The emphasis
on creation of JMS, developing an
understanding and doing some concrete
work about maternal health, confronting
every case of sexual harassment,
emphasis on understanding of human
body and its process, in the curriculum,
are examples of the emphas is given to
women’s development.
Monograph, documentary films
Not available
http://www.doosradashak.org
http://www.dorabjitatatrust.org/ngo_profiles/
dusra_dashak.asp
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
17
|
|
4.2 Page 32 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
Pop Council with Self Employed Women
Association (SEWA)
Population Council Zone 5A, Ground Floor
India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road
New Delhi - 110 003, INDIA
Tel: 91-11-2464 2901/02
Fax: 91-11-2464 2903
Email: info-india@popcouncil.org
Self Employed Women’s Association
SEWA Reception Centre , Opp. Victoria
Garden, Bhadra, Ahmedabad - 380 001.
India.
Phone : 91-79-25506444, 25506477,
25506441 Fax : 91-79-25506446
Email : mail@sewa.org
Website : www.sewa.org
Acceptability and effectiveness of a livelihood
skill Building Intervention
2002
2004
Livelihood
—
30 villages in Ahmedabad and Vododara
districts of Gujarat
Mostly unmarried girl, included both in-school
and out-of-school girls, and daughters of both
SEWA members and nonmembers.
18
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
4.3 Page 33 |
▲back to top |
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Project Partners (technical/others)
—
14. Donors/sponsors
Department for International Development
(DFID), the Summit Foundation, the
Community Foundation for National Capital
Region, the Rockefeller Foundation and the
Ford Foundation
15. Project goal/objectives
To build rural adolescent girls’ livelihood
skills and expand their agency, including
increasing their negotiating power in public
and private arena, expanding knowledge
and skills, and encouraging positive
reproductive and sexual health.
16. Project key components/interventions
• Providing basic training for adulthood,
notably skills deemed important for the
girls’ personal life, agency, and future
livelihoods; basic awareness of new
agricultural technologies, forestry, nursery
training and animal husbandry, as well as
topics such as health and savings; and
leadership development activities;
• Broadening girls’ horizons by exposure
visits to key local institutions such as milk
cooperatives, SEWA bank, SEWA video
and documenting unit, places of historic
interest, local universities and technical
institutions; and
• Teaching vocational skills both in
traditional areas such as tailoring and
embroidery, and in non traditional areas
for rural females such as computer
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
19
|
|
4.4 Page 34 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
programming and hospital attendant
certification.
Because SEWA expressed ethical concerns
about a quasi-experimental study design due
to their interest in expanding into control
areas, a pre- and post-intervention
assessment design was adopted. Baseline
and endline assessments were conducted
among girls joining the mandals in the first
two years of the programme (the 2002 and
2003 cohorts),prior to joining the mandal
(baseline) and in 2004 at the conclusion of
the intervention. A pre-intervention survey
conducted among the third (the 2004) cohort
served as a control group at endline.
Although not ideal, this design enables
compare pre- and post intervention data,
as well as compare the data from both the
group of girls in mid-2004, who either
participated in the intervention. In addition to
enhance or did not particiate in it knowledge
on the different experiences of the girls,
in-depth interviews were conducted with 60
girls following the completion of the endline
survey.
For evaluation purposes, analysis is
restricted to adolescent girls who were
interviewed in both survey rounds. In order to
make the groups comparable, the sample
was restricted to those aged 15-19 at
the time of the endline survey. While the
findings are mixed, they suggest that a
livelihoods intervention programme is
acceptable to adolescents (and their
parents), can be implemented in rural
settings, and that participation in livelihoods
interventions can enhance personal
agency among adolescent girls even in these
20
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
4.5 Page 35 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
traditional settings. Elements of agency have
indeed been influenced by participation in the
livelihood interventions but it is regular
(daily or near daily attendance throughout the
intervention period, reported by 44.6%) and
not any participation in group activities that is
key. With the exception of mobility, all other
indicators in the study used to gauge girls’
agency decisionmaking, self-esteem, social
skills, gender role attitudes, attitudes to
domestic violence, reproductive health
awareness, and familiarity with safe spaces
for girls to assemble, increased significantly
among adolescents who participated
regularly in group activities. Adolescents who
participated in the intervention also report
significantly higher scores on each of
these indicators than those in the control
group and even those from the intervention
group whose attendance was irregular.
http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/India_
InfluencingGirlsLives.pdf
http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/IndiaUpdate/
IndiaUpdate_SEWAInfluencing.pdf
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
21
|
|
4.6 Page 36 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Center for Development and Population
Activities (CEDPA)
C-1 Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 110016,
Tel: 91-11-41656781-85,
Fax: 91-11-41656710
Website: www.cedpa.org
The Better Life Options Program (BLP)
1987
2004
Reproductive health
Life skills
11 states (Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana,
West Bengal, Assam, Maharashtra,
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh
and Orissa)
Unmarried adolescent girls (10-19 years)
Community based
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project Partners
(technical support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
Rural, semi-urban
Local NGOs in the 11 states
Multiple donors from 1987 to 2004
22
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
4.7 Page 37 |
▲back to top |
15. Project Goal / objectives
To promote opportunities for adolescent girls
and boys to make better life choices
concerning their health, economic status,
civic participation, education, employment,
decision making abilities and family planning.
16. Project key components / interventions
Six key components:
• Integrated approach wherein the BLP
training package (Choose a Future!) was
integrated into vocational training classes,
remedial tutoring classes, recreational
club and gym activities,
• Camp approach wherein the adolescent
beneficiaries were intensively trained in
camps of short duration
• School approach where the training
package was imparted in the classroom.
• Adolescent friendly reproductive health
services.
• Peer educator training
• Community based advocacy.
Choose a Future curriculum for adolescent
boys and girls.
17 Research design
Quasi experimental (pre-post, intervention-
control)
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
CEDPA has reached a total of 107,384
adolescent girls and 60,316 adolescent boys
through 3,000 trained program personnel
working with over 260 NGOs across 11
states. Adolescent girls who completed the
program were more likely than their peers to
be literate, to have completed secondary
education, to be employed and to have
learned a vocational skill. In addition, alumni
were more likely to make autonomous
decisions about their own movement,
spending what they earned and deciding
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
23
|
|
4.8 Page 38 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
when to marry. An important behavioral
outcome of the program was that young
married women discussed family planning
with their husbands and were significantly
more likely to use contraceptives than a
control group.
http://www.cedpa.org/content/publication/
24
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
4.9 Page 39 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Care India and Population Council
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
CARE HEADQUARTER
27 Hauz Khas Village, New Delhi - 110 016
Ph : 011 - 26566060, 26564101
Fax : 011-26564081, 26564084, 26529671,
26564107
Website : www.careindia.org
Population Council
Zone 5A, Ground FloorIndia Habitat Centre,
Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003, INDIA
Tel: 91-11-2464 2901/02
Fax: 91-11-2464 2903
Email: info-india@popcouncil.org
3. Name of the project
Action for Slum Dwellers Reproductive Health
in Allahabad (ASRHA)
4. Year of initiation
April 1999
5. Year of completion
March 2004
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive Health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location (no of
villages by block(s), district(s) and
state(s) names
143 notified Urban Slums of Allahabad, UP
9. Primary target group
Slum dwellers
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
25
|
|
4.10 Page 40 |
▲back to top |
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project Partners
(technical support and other
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project goal/objectives
16. Project key components/interventions
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
Allahabad
CARE India and PopCouncil
Department for International Development
(DFID),UK, and the Office of Population,
Health and Nutrition of the United States
Agency forInternational Development (USAID).
The overall goal was to improve reproductive
health status of adolescents and women in
city slums of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh
• To offer a cost effective and sustainable
solution leading to better reproductive
health living standards for women in the
slums.
• To reduce reproductive health related
morbidity and mortality among
adolescents and women in slums of the
city of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.
• Constitution of advisory committee
• Women health volunteers
• Male health volunteers
• Adolescents guides
• Group formation in the community
• Women health groups and women health
association
Quasi-experimental design. Study area
divided into experimental and control area.
(pre test-post test)
Although the livelihoods programme was
found to be acceptable to parents and
feasible to implement, the project had only a
minimal impact on the behaviour and
attitudes of adolescent girls in the
26
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
5 Pages 41-50 |
▲back to top |
|
|
5.1 Page 41 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
experimental slums: “No effect was found on
gender-role attitudes, mobility, self-esteem,
work expectations, or on number of hours
visiting friends, performing domestic chores,
or engaging in labor-market work.” After
explaining several factors that may have
contributed to this lack of impact, the
evaluators conclude that, “In order to reduce
deeply entrenched gender disparities and
enhance girls’ ability to have a greater voice
in decisionmaking about their own lives,
however, future interventions should involve
many more contact hours than did the
experimental project described here. They
should also devote greater effort to
developing group cohesion and to improving
communication, negotiation, and
decisionmaking skills. Finally, substantially
greater resources must be provided for data
collection so that the program can be properly
evaluated.”
http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/wp/194.pdf
http://www.comminit.com/en/node/131830
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
27
|
|
5.2 Page 42 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Sangath
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
North Goa:841/1, Near Electricity Dept.,
Alto Porvorim, Bardez-Goa -India.
E-mail: contactus@sangath.com
Phone no.: (91-832) 2414916
(91-832) 2417914
Fax No. : (91-832) 2411709
Website: www.sangath.com
3. Name of the project
YUVA MITR
4. Year of initiation
2004
5. Year of completion
2008
6. Primary thematic area
Young people’s health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
The project is based in four communities in
south Goa, two urban communities in the city
of Margao, the commercial hub of Goa, and
two rural communities that fall under the
catchments area of Balli PHC.
9. Primary target group
Young people (The main communities being
covered under the project are Margao, a town
in south Goa and Balli, Fatorpa, Barcem,
Morpilla, villages in the Quepem taluka.)
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
28
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
5.3 Page 43 |
▲back to top |
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban and Rural
13. Partners (technical/ others)
The Centre for Studies in Ethics and Rights
(CSER),Mumbai
14. Donors/sponsors
The John D and Catherine T Mac Arthur
Foundation
15. Project goal/objectives
The project is focused on the youth; to
empower them and promote healthy
development among them by combining and
using existing resources in the community
16. Project key components/interventions
The project tries to focus on 3 major areas of
youth development namely education and
careers, reproductive and sexual health and
mental health. The key components are:
training of peer leaders, formation of youth
groups, street plays, to address difficulties
faced by students in the classrooms and to
refer any student needing professional help
to specialist services, a booklet consisting of
handouts which was distributed among all
the young people in the communities. The
booklet contained information on sexual
health, mental health, education and careers
and life skills. Awareness workshops were
conducted about youth health problems
amongst the local medical fraternity and
individual visits to doctors were made who
were unable to attend. Awareness about
youth health in the larger community was
raised by displaying over 100 health
promotion posters in various prominent
locations in the communities. Another
significant feature of the project was the
formation of a community advisory board
(CAB) in the rural community to help the
project team in implementing the
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
29
|
|
5.4 Page 44 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
interventions. All the members of the board
were very active in giving inputs to make the
interventions best suited to the local
community.
Pre test – post test
The data analysis is going on and results are
awaited.
http://www.sangath.com/programs/
Adolescent/Yuvamitr.htm; Sangath Biennial
report, 2006-2008
30
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
5.5 Page 45 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
PRERANA and Population Council
J-332, Savita Vihar, SFS Flats,
New Delhi-110044
Tel.: 91-11-26941902
Email: vinita@prerana.org
Website: www.prerana.org
Zone 5A, Ground Floor, India Habitat Centre,
Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003, INDIA,
Tel: 91-11-2464 2901/02,
Fax: 91-11-2464 2903,
Email: info-india@popcouncil.org,
Website: www.popcouncil.org/asia/india.html
Broadening girls’ horizons: Effects of a life
skills education programme
2006
2008
Life skill
Reproductive health
Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh
Unmarried girls aged 13-17 years age
Community
—
Rural
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
31
|
|
5.6 Page 46 |
▲back to top |
13. Project partners (technical
—
support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
John D and Catherine T MacArthur
Foundation
15. Project Goal / objectives
The objectives of this program was to:
• provide girls a safe place to meet regularly
and develop peer networks;
• build girls’ agency - their leadership skills,
ability to communicate effectively, problem
solving capacity, self-image, ability to set
goals and make plans as well as career
planning, a savings orientation, and
awareness of legal rights;
• foster egalitarian gender role attitudes
among girls;
• inform girls about issues relating to sexual
and reproductive health, the advantages of
delaying marriage and pregnancy, as well
as about their rights and about
environmental issues; and
• develop livelihood skills among girls
16. Project key components / interventions
This programme guided by the ‘Choose a
Future!’ curriculum, had four major
components. These components were:
• Group formation: In each village, a site was
identified for intervention activities. These
sites were known as programme “centres”
and groups met in these centres. Groups
used to meet daily for about two hours at a
suitable time. In order to instill a sense of
ownership of the intervention, girls were
expected to contribute a nominal sum of
Rs. 10 per month to participate in the
intervention programme. At the completion
of the training program Choose a Future!
curriculum, a certificate was presented to
all who successfully completed these
courses.;
32
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
5.7 Page 47 |
▲back to top |
17. Research Design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
• Building agency and fostering egalitarian
gender role attitudes: The livelihood skills
training components was interspersed
with the Choose a Future! curriculum.
Sessions were typically interactive and
included role-plays, story telling,
discussion and group work.
• Raising awareness, particularly of sexual
and reproductive health rights: Information
was imparted through.
Quasi-experimental research design
(pre test - post test, intervention and control
area)
Roughly, two-fifth of all unmarried girls in the
age group 13-17 residing in the intervention
site were enrolled in the programme. The
programme was effectively able to influence
preferred age at marriage among
programme participants.The findings
suggests that the model was acceptable and
vocational skills building component was
effective. Almost three-quarters (74 %) had
used the skill after completing the training
programme; of these, almost two in five had
used the skill to generate an income in the
future. The participation in the intervention
also succeded in enabling communication
on sexual and reproductive health matters
between girls and their parents. The positive
net effect of exposure to the intervention
programme on agency, attitudes and
awareness was by and large, much greater
among girls who attended the programme
regularly than among irregular programme
participants.
Broadening girls’ horizons: Effects of a life
skills education programme in rural
Uttar Pradesh, 2009
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
33
|
|
5.8 Page 48 |
▲back to top |
GROUP – II
Community Based
Programmes on Married Adolescents
|
|
5.9 Page 49 |
▲back to top |
|
|
5.10 Page 50 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Institute of Health Management, Pachod
(IHMP)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
IHMP, P.O. - Pachod, Dist - Aurangabad ,
Pin: 431121, Maharashtra;
Tel: 91-2431-221382;
Website: www.ihmp.org
3. Name of the project
Safe Adolescent Transition and Health
Initiative (SATHI)
4. Year of initiation
2003
5. Year of completion
2006
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Pachod in Aurangabad District and Pune in
Maharashtra
9. Primary target group
Married adolescent girls (12-19 years)
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban
13. Project partners(technical support/others) —
14. Donors/sponsors
The John D and Catherine T MacArthur
Foundation
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
37
|
|
6 Pages 51-60 |
▲back to top |
|
|
6.1 Page 51 |
▲back to top |
15. Project Goal / objectives
To test the efficacy of an intervention study to
improve sexual & reproductive health of
married adolescent girls.
16. Project key components / interventions
Three key components of the intervention are:
• Community based surveillance system
• Behaviour change communication (BCC)
for creating a demand for services and
generating behaviour change at individual
and household levels
• Primary level care and referral services
17. Research design
Pre test -post test , qualitative and quantitative
techniques used
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
Median age at first conception has increased
from 15.8 years to 17 years in the rural area
whereas, it increased from 16.2 years to
17.7 years in the urban areas. Contraceptive
use increased significantly in both the sites.
It went up from 10.9 percent to 23.2 percent
at the rural site; and from 8 percent to 30.4
percent at the urban site. The proportion of
self reported RTIs came down from 36.5
percent to 27.3 percent at the rural site and
26.1 percent to 21.8 percent at the urban site.
The decrease was significant at the rural site.
19. Information sources
Making Married Adolescents Matter: Results
from a pilot study in Maharashtra, India, 2008
38
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
6.2 Page 52 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
ICRW with KEM Hospital Research Centre,
Pune
Asia Regional Office International Center for
Research on Women
C – 139, Defence Colony,
New Delhi – 110024 India
P: 91-11-2465-4216
91-11-2465-4217
91-11-2463-5141
F: 91-11-2463-5142
E-mail: info.india@icrw.org
KEM Hospital
Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital
Acharya Donde Marg, Parel
Mumbai - 400012.India
Phone 91-22-2413 6051
Fax: 91-22-2414 3435
Email: websitecontact@kem.edu
Reproductive and Sexual Health Education,
Care and counseling for married adolescents
2000
2003
Reproductive and Sexual Health Education,
Care and Counseling
—
Dhamari village and adjacent hamlets, of
Pune district, Maharashtra, India
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
39
|
|
6.3 Page 53 |
▲back to top |
9. Primary target group
Married youth, ages 14-25.
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban and Rural
13. Project Partners
—
(technical support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
Rockefeller Foundation.
15. Project goal/objectives
Test whether it is feasible in a rural context
toprovide an integrated package of
reproductive health education, counseling
and improved clinical referrals for married
youth.
Structure:
• Reproductive health education
sessions trained and supported volunteer
CLEs to conduct interactive sessions on
various reproductive and sexual
health topics.
• Counseling provided a professional coun-
selor of reproductive and sexual health
issues to whom the CLE can refer young
married men, women orcouples.
• Clinical referral provided a system of
referrals via CLEs or the counselor to
good, quality clinical services to address
reproductive and sexual health concerns
raised by project participants.
16. Project key components/interventions
Reproductive health education (RHE) –
training and supporting volunteer community-
level educators (CLE) to conduct interactive
sessions on various RSH topics
40
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
6.4 Page 54 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
19. Information sources
Counseling – providing a professional
counselor for reproductive and, in particular,
sexual health issues, to whom the CLE can
refer young married men, women, or couples
together
Clinical referral – providing a system of
referrals to good quality clinical services
through the CLEs or counselor to address
RSH concerns raised by project participants.
Baseline-endline
Extent of young couples’ participation at RHE
sessions, use of counseling and clinical
services; feasibility of using CLEs; increase
in RSH knowledge.
http://www.icrw.org/docs/publications-2006/
R-5_new.pdf
http://population.developmentgateway.org/
uploads/media/population/
KEM_Evaluation_brief_Dec2003.pdf
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
41
|
|
6.5 Page 55 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
Pop Council, Care India and Centre for
Operations Research and Training (CORT)
Population Council
Zone 5A, Ground Floor
India Habitat Centre
Lodi RoadNew Delhi 110 003, INDIA
Tel: 91-11-2464 2901/2
Fax: 91-11-2464 2903
Email: info@pcindia.org
Website: www.popcouncil.org
CARE
27 Hauz Khas Village, New Delhi - 110 016
Ph : 011 - 26566060, 26564101
Fax : 011-26564081, 26564084,
26529671, 26564107
Website : www.careindia.org
Centre for Operations Research Training
(CORT)
402, Woodland Apartment
Race Course Circle
Vadodara-390007
Gujarat, India
Telephone +91-265-2336875/2343953
Fax: +91-265-2342941
Website: http//www.cortindia.com
Livelihood Skills and Opportunities for Girls
in Allahabad
2001
2005
Livelihood
42
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
6.6 Page 56 |
▲back to top |
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Urban Slum areas, Allahabad, UP
9. Primary target group
Girls ages 15–19
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban slums
13. Project partners
—
(Technical support and others)
14. Donors/sponsors
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the
Department for International Development
(DFID), UK, and the Office of Population and
Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global
Health, U.S.Agency for International
Development,
15. Project goa/objectives
• Foster the development of alternative
socialization processes for adolescent girls
that enhance the development of positive
sexual and reproductive health behaviors.
• Integrate vocational counseling, training,
and follow-up support for adolescent girls
coupled with encouragement of savings
formation into CARE’s Action for Slum
Dwellers’ Reproductive Health project in
Allahabad.
• Increase participation by adolescent girls
in other reproductive health-related
activities of the ASRHA Project (e.g., sexual
health, hygiene, and nutrition).
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
43
|
|
6.7 Page 57 |
▲back to top |
16. Project key components
• Foster community acceptance of physical
mobility by adolescent girls, strengthen and
enlarge positive peer-to-peer support
networks, and develop new mentor
relationships between younger and older
women.
The Population Council’s intervention used
the same strategy as CARE India to reach out
to the adolescents in the community:
Adolescent Girl Guides (AGGs) served as peer
educators and provided counseling about
vocational training and savings formation. The
AGGs were chosen from the slums and given
a six-day reproductive health training course
by CARE India staff that included guidance and
practice to improve their communication skills.
Adolescent girls who could read and write and
were willing to bring together other adolescent
girls in the slum were chosen as AGGs to
conduct the reproductive health sessions
using specially developed storybooks. The
storybooks were educational materials in the
form of flipbooks that related the experiences
of a typical 12-year-old girl named Paro as
she learns about her reproductive health. The
story is presented in a set of five flipbooks in
Hindi referred to as the Paro flipbooks. The
AGGs (two or three per slum) were responsible
for forming groups in the slums and
conducting Paro classes. To the extent
possible, CARE India staff was present at
these meetings to help the AGGs educate the
girls. Usually weekly meetings were held at
the residence of one of the AGGs in the slum.
One Paro flipbook was completed in each
session. Each session took approximately 1-
2 hours depending on the girls’ participation
and the questions that they asked. Additional
peer educators who are able to read and write
44
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
6.8 Page 58 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
and had attended all the Paro sessions were
selected by CARE India staff to reach girls who
did not attend the adolescent meetings. These
“assistant peer educators” supported the more
intensive group work of the AGGs. All of the
assistant peer educators received a three-day
training about reproductive health and how to
use reproductive health leaflets when
counseling one-on-one. The AGGs and
assistant peer educators worked as
volunteers and received no payment or other
compensation for their time. The recruitment,
training, and initial work of the AGGs and
assistant peer educators preceded the
introduction of the OR study.
The study used a quasi-experimental pre-
and post-test design that compared the
intervention (experimental) group with a
comparison (control) group of adolescents.
Differential effects of exposure to the various
elements of the intervention were measured
by baseline and endline surveys of all
adolescents living in the slums and one of
their parents or guardians before and after the
12-month intervention period. The parental
interviews provided insight into the context in
which the girls live.
Analysis of the endline data in combination
with the baseline data indicated that although
the livelihoods program was acceptable to
parents and feasible to implement, the project
had only a minimal impact on the behavior
and attitudes of adolescent girls in the
experimental slums. The greatest changes
between the baseline and the endline surveys
were found in those outcomes that most
closely reflected the content of the intervention.
Girls in the intervention group were
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
45
|
|
6.9 Page 59 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
significantly more likely to have knowledge of
safe spaces, be a member of a group, score
higher on the social skills index, be informed
about reproductive health, and spend time on
leisure activities than the matched control
respondents. No effect was found on gender
role attitudes, mobility, self-esteem, work
expectations, time use, or labor market work
likely because of the short duration of the
intervention, as well as the limited number of
times that groups convened. Those designing
future livelihoods interventions with adolescent
girls are advised to extend the period of time
spent on group formation, negotiation and
social skills, and vocational skill development.
http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/frontiers/
FR_FinalReports/India_Adolescent.pdf
http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/TABriefs/
PGY_Brief17_Livelihoods.pdf
46
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
6.10 Page 60 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
International Center for Research on Women
(ICRW) and Foundation for Research in
Health Systems (FRHS)
Asia Regional Office International Center for
Research on Women
C – 139, Defence Colony,
New Delhi – 110024 India
P: 91-11-2465-4216, 91-11-2465-4217
91-11-2463-5141
F: 91-11-2463-5142
E-mail: info.india@icrw.org
Website: www.icrw.org
Foundation for Research in Health
Systems (FRHS)
Delhi Office
Room No 1, 214, Sydicate House,
Inderlok, Delhi – 35
Website: www.frhsindia.org
Community-based Approach to Young
Married Women’s Reproductive Health
(2001-2006)
Social mobilization or government services:
what influences married adolescents’
reproductive health
2001
2006
Reproductive health
—-
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
47
|
|
7 Pages 61-70 |
▲back to top |
|
|
7.1 Page 61 |
▲back to top |
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India.
9. Primary target group
Married women, ages 15-22, and their
partners.
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban
13. Project partners
—
(technical supports/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
Rockefeller Foundation
15. Project goal/objectives
Testing the relative effectiveness of two
strategies- social mobilization (SM),
strengthening government services (GS)- in
improving young married women’s
reproductive health.
16. Project key components/interventions
• Social mobilization
• Strengthening government services
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
Quasi-experimental design
The social mobilization conducted in this
study is relatively effective in changing young
married women’s knowledge basic and
detailed of various reproductive health
concerns. Social mobilization, either on its
own or with improvedgovernment health
services, also is effective in increasingyoung
married women’s use of reproductive health
services. It is possible to change social
48
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
7.2 Page 62 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
norms and attitudes towardreproductive
health for young married women, at least
among mothers-in-law, who are often the
decision makers for young brides.
http://www.icrw.org/docs/publications-2006/
L-2_new.pdf
http://www.icrw.org/docs/publications-2006/
L-1_new.pdf
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
49
|
|
7.3 Page 63 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
International Center for Research on Women
(ICRW) and Foundation for Research in
Health Systems (FRHS)
Ahmedabad Office
7, Shrividhi Apartments,
182, Azad Society,
Ahmedabad – 380 015
Phone: 079 - 26740437, 26766381
Fax: 079-26740437
Email: frhs.ahmedabad@gmail.com
Website: www.frhsindia.org
Asia Regional Office International Center for
Research on Women
C – 139, Defence Colony,
New Delhi – 110024
India
P: 91-11-2465-4216, 91-11-2465-4217
91-11-2463-5141 F: 91-11-2463-5142
E-mail: info.india@icrw.org
Website: www.icrw.org
Role of mothers-in-law in young women’s
reproductive health
2001
2006
Reproductive health
—
Maharashtra
50
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
7.4 Page 64 |
▲back to top |
9. Primary target group
75 women who were mothers-in-law of
young married women in the study.
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Partners (Technical support and others) —
14. Donors/sponsors
Rockefeller Foundation.
15. Project goal/objectives
Document and assess the attitudes of
daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law toward
reproductive health, their communication and
the decision making process around
reproductive health.
16. Project key components/interventions
Through community-mobilization mobilization
approach change the attitudes of mothers-in-
law to engage mothers-in-law and young
married women support their daughters-in-
law’s reproductive health.To empower young
women to voice their reproductiveand maternal
care needs to mothers-in-law.
17. Research design
Two sets of in-depth interviews, one in 1996
before the intervention study started, and
againin 2003 at the mid-point of the
intervention.
18. Output and outcome level indicators
• Mothers-in-law play a key role in
determining youngmarried women’s
access to maternal and other reproductive
health services.
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
51
|
|
7.5 Page 65 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
• Young daughters-in-law feel unable to
discuss reproductive health needs with
their mothers-in-law, who are key
gatekeepers of reproductive health
information. The embarrassment and
taboo around discussing reproductive
morbidity makes intergenerational
communication especially difficult.
• Community mobilization approaches can
be used to ameliorate this situation and
increase the support of mothers-in-law in
addressing young married women’s health
needs.
https://www.icrw.org/docs/publications-2006/
R-7_new.pdf
52
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
7.6 Page 66 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
Population Council, in partnership, Deepak
Charitable Trust, International Institute for
Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, and
ORG-MARG, Vadodara and the Child In
Need Institute (CINI)
Population Council
Zone 5A, Ground Floor
India Habitat Centre
Lodi Road
New Delhi 110 003, INDIA
Tel: 91-11-2464 2901/2
Fax: 91-11-2464 2903
Email: info@pcindia.org
Deepak Charitable Trust
’Deepak Farm’, Opp. Crystal Plaza
Near T.B. Hospital, Gotri Road
Vadodara - 390 021 (GUJARAT), INDIA
+ 91 265 2371439 / 2371410
(O)+ 91 265 237169 7(Fax)
E mail: deepakfoundation@deepak
foundation.org
CINI
PO Pailan, Via Joka,
South 24 Parganas 700 104,
West Bengal, India
Phone: +91 (033) 2497 8192/ 8758 / 8759 /
8206
Fax: +91 (033) 2497 8241
Email: Website: www.cini-india.org
First-time Parents Project
2003
2004
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
53
|
|
7.7 Page 67 |
▲back to top |
6. Primary thematic area
Early marriage
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Vadodara, Gujarat and Kolkata, West Bengal
9. Primary target group
Adolescent girls
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban
13. Project partners
(technical support /others)
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project goal/objectives
—
Department for International Development
(DFID), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,
the Hewlett Foundation, the John D. and
Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the
Summit Foundation/ the Community
Foundation
This project aims to develop and test an
integrated package of health and social
interventions that would improve young
females’ reproductive and sexual health
knowledge and practices, and increase their
ability to act in their own interests.Project
objectives are to:
better understand the social moment and
transition of new marriage and a first birth,
including the critical role of partners/fathers
and other family members in decision
making and supportive/detrimental
54
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
7.8 Page 68 |
▲back to top |
16. Project key components/interventions
behaviors; and develop and test interventions
designed to increase social support to
recently married young women and first-time
mothers and provide services tailored to
address their needs after marriage and
during pregnancy, childbirth, and the
postpartum period.
• Information provision. The project provided
young women and their husbands with
information through home visits from male
and female community health workers,
educational materials, counseling in
clinics, group discussions, and
community activities. The topics covered
included transmission and prevention of
reproductive tract infections; contraception;
sex as a voluntary, safe, and pleasurable
experience; developing a delivery plan;
care during pregnancy and the postpartum
period; and breastfeeding. Content was
specially tailored for this population. For
example, visits with newly married girls
gave special attention to rapport building,
reproductive anatomy and physiology,
delaying the first birth, family planning,
and the importance of couple
communication. Information for first-time
pregnant women emphasized ANC, safe
delivery, and making a delivery plan.
Special visits were made to a pregnant girl
before she was expected to go to her natal
home for delivery (a common practice in
both sites). Safe delivery was emphasized
and birth options in her natal village were
reviewed with both her and her husband.
Monitoring data show that over 1,700
young women and 1,100 young husbands
were reached with reproductive and sexual
health information over the course of the
interventions.
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
55
|
|
7.9 Page 69 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
• Service adjustments. Government and
private-sector health service providers
were sensitized to the preferences among
some girls/couples to delay a first birth,
juxtaposed with common assumptions
that a short time between marriage and
first birth is inevitable; the limited say
married girls had over many issues in
their lives, including breastfeeding and
place of delivery; as well as their restricted
mobility. Refresher training was provided
for traditional birth attendants, and they
were ensured a supply of safe delivery
kits. Referral and transport service was
supplied to young pregnant and
postpartum women. Finally, postpartum
visits, which were virtually nonexistent,
were made to the mothers.
• Group formation. Married adolescent girls/
first-time mothers groups were formed to
increase married girls’ contact with peers
and mentors, expose them to new ideas,
and help them identify and articulate their
point of view, especially within intimate
relationships and within the family.
Community organizers and female health
workers visited eligible girls (newly
married, pregnant for the first time, or
postpartum for the first time) individually
and organized informal, small
neighborhood meetings to promote
project activities. Community organizers
also met with mothers-in-law and
husbands of eligible women and invited
them to observe group activities to allay
any apprehension they had about allowing
their wives/daughters-in-law to attend.
Over 750 girls were organized into groups
of roughly 8–12 members.
Quasi-experimental, case-control research
study
56
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
7.10 Page 70 |
▲back to top |
18. Output and outcome level indicators
19. Information sources
At the local level, several effects are already
visible. For example, in one site, the married
girls groups are continuing, in part due to
links the NGO facilitated to the government’s
self-help group scheme, and group formation
activities have been expanded to three
other gram panchayats (covering a total
population of about 92,000 in four GPs). India
is a setting where community mobilization is
an accepted development strategy; this
project has succeeded in bringing a new
constituency—that is, married adolescents—
into these civil society structures. In addition,
the focus on first births as a safe
motherhood strategy, especially given India’s
rapidly declining fertility, is resonating with
providers. At the national level, diagnostic and
baseline findings have already fed into policy
discussions, such as those surrounding the
Government of India’s Reproductive and Child
Health Programme (RCH-2).
https://www.popcouncil.org/dfid/ES11.html
http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/India_First
TimeParents.pdf
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
57
|
|
8 Pages 71-80 |
▲back to top |
|
|
8.1 Page 71 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization
with website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore,
International Centre for Research on
Women (ICRW)
Directorate
Christian Medical College, Vellore- 632004
Tel : 0416-2282010, 3072010
Fax: 0416-2232054
Email: directorate@cmcvellore.ac.in
Website : www.cmcvellore.ac.in
Asia Regional Office
International Center for Research on Women
C – 139, Defence Colony,
New Delhi – 110024 India
P: 91-11-2465-4216
91-11-2465-4217
91-11-2463-5141
F: 91-11-2463-5142
E-mail: info.india@icrw.org
Website : www.icrw.org
Reducing Reproductive Tract Infections
among married adolescents in Tamil Nadu
2001
2006
Reproductive tract infections
—
Kaniyambadi block, Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
India.
58
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
8.2 Page 72 |
▲back to top |
9. Primary target group
Married adolescents
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
12. Project partners
—
(technical support/other)
13. Donors/sponsors
Rockefeller Foundation
14. Project goal/objectives
Compare two alternative approaches
toexamine, diagnose and treat reproductive
tractinfections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted
infections(STIs) among the target group:
• Use trained female, rural health workers
to examine, diagnose and treat women in
their homes duringregular, biweekly visits.
The project expectation isthat village-
based health aides are more
accessible but not as highly trained as
doctors.
• Refer symptomatic women to a female
doctor, whois available once every six
weeks at a central clinic.Doctors are less
accessible but more highly trainedthan
health workers.
15. Project key components/interventions
To increase correct diagnosis and effective
treatment of RTIs
To use female doctor to provide RTI
diagnosis and treatment
16. Research design
Quasi-experimental design
17. Output and outcome level indicators
Knowledge of RTI symptoms among young,
married women increased in both study arms
(health aides and female doctor).
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
59
|
|
8.3 Page 73 |
▲back to top |
18. Information sources
Monitoring data suggest that health aides
are more effective than the female doctor in
terms of examining and treating symptomatic
women.
The percent decline in prevalence of RTIs
was similar in both the health aide and doctor
study arms.
Using health aides is a more cost-effective
option than a female doctor.
On balance, the health aide arm performed
better than the doctor arm: Health aides were
more cost-effective and accessible than the
doctor, and aides performed, on average,
equally well in terms of increasing knowledge
and decreasing prevalence of RTIs among
women.
http://www.icrw.org/docs/2006-
improvingrepohealth-india.pdf
60
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
8.4 Page 74 |
▲back to top |
GROUP – III
School Based
Programmes on Married and Unmarried
Adolescents
|
|
8.5 Page 75 |
▲back to top |
|
|
8.6 Page 76 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
The Child Development Centre (CDC)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Website : www.govtmedicalcollegetvm.net
3. Name of the project
The Adolescent Health Care project
4. Year of initiation
1999
5. Year of completion
2009 (in various phases)
6. Primary thematic area
Life skills
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Reproductive health
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Piloted in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and
subsequently scaled up to other districts of
the state
9. Primary target group
Unmarried adolescent boys and girls
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community based, Govt. & private hospitals
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban
13. Project partners (technical support/others) —
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project Goal / objectives
UNICEF, European Commission, UNFPA
To introduce family life education services in
the community to improve the health and
nutritional status of adolescent girls and
prepare her for safe motherhood.
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
63
|
|
8.7 Page 77 |
▲back to top |
16. Project key components / interventions
The FLE components include:
• Adolescent nutrition – needs and issues
relating to obesity
• Personal hygiene – relating to urinary or
reproductive tract infections.
• Identity crisis – body image, psycho-social
competence
• Life skill development – capacity to say
“no” to peer pressure.
• Avoiding alcohol, cigarettes, drug abuse
and sexual abuse
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and
HIV/AIDS awareness, responsible sexual
behaviour
17. Research Design
Pre and post test evaluations (Quantitative
and qualitative)
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
Not available
19. Information sources
Unpublished project documents, group
discussions and interviews
64
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
8.8 Page 78 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO)
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Government of India
9th Floor, Chandralok Building36, Janpath
New Delhi - 110001
Tel: 011-23325343, 011-23731774,
011-23731778Fax: 011-23731746,
E-Mail info@nacoonline.org
Website: www.nacoonline.org
Adolescence Education Program (AEP)
2005
Ongoing
Adolescent education (life skills)
HIV/AIDS
144409 government schools in India
Adolescents and youth betwen 10-25 years
age
School based
Community based
Rural and Urban
The Department of Education and State AIDS
Prevention and Control Societies.
Ministry of Human Resource Development
and NACO
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
65
|
|
8.9 Page 79 |
▲back to top |
15. Project Goal / objectives
The Adolescence Education Programme
(AEP) aims at: i) Co-curricular adolescence
education in classes IX-XI; ii) Curricular
adolescence education in classes IX-XI and
life skills education in classes I- VIII;
iii) Inclusion of HIV prevention education in
pre-service and in-service teacher training
and teacher education programmes;
iv) Inclusion of HIV prevention education in
the programmes for out-of-school
adolescents and young persons, and
v) Incorporating measures to prevent stigma
and discrimination against learners/students
and educators and life skills education into
education policy for HIV prevention
16. Project key components / interventions
17. Research Design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
• The national AEP toolkit is the main
component of this programme. The AEP is
placed as a key intervention to build life
skills and help adolescents cope with
negative peer pressure, develop positive
behavior, improve sexual health and
prevent HIV infections.
• The Red Ribbon Club serves as
a complementary and comprehensive
prevention intervention to support youth led
initiatives. This addresses the knowledge,
attitude and behavior of the youths in the
interrelated areas of Voluntary Blood
Donation, HIV & AIDS and sexuality, as
demanded by their age, environment, and
life style.
Baseline - endline
Ongoing (yet to be evaluated)
http://www.nacoonline.org/Quick_Links/
Youth School_Age_Education_
Program_SAEP/
66
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
8.10 Page 80 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth
Development
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth
Development
(Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports)
Govt. of India,
Sriperumbudur - 602105, Tamil Nadu;
Phone: 044-27162128;
Email: ahdproject@gmail.com;
Website: www.rgniyd-ahdp.gov.in
3. Name of the project
Adolescent Health and Development Project
4. Year of initiation
2006
5. Year of completion
On going
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Career guidance and life skills
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Kancheepuram and Vellore districts of
Tamilnadu
9. Primary target group
Adolescents
10. Primary Level of intervention
In-school and out of school adolescents
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Project partners (technical
—
support/others)
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
67
|
|
9 Pages 81-90 |
▲back to top |
|
|
9.1 Page 81 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
UNFPA and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
(MoYAS)
15. Project Goal / objectives
The goal of this project was to develop and
pilot test adolescent development
programmes. The specific objectives are:
• To create awareness on adolescent
related issues through adolescent
resource center
• To provide career related information for
adolescent through melas, training
teachers, website and through online
counseling
• To sensitize adolescent issues to the
adolescents, parents and teachers
through teen clubs
• To enhance the capacity of adolescents
through training in health and various other
topics
16. Project key components / interventions
The major components of this project are,
national adolescent resource center; career
guidance; community radio stations;
community intervention programmes; core
life skill training; capacity building
programmes; networking of resource
institutions
17. Research design
Pre test – post test (quantitative and
qualitative)
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
Evaluation of this programme is in the
pipeline
19. Information sources
National adolescent resource center
brochure,
Emails, www.rgniyd-ahdp.gov.in and
www.rgniyd-career.gov.in
68
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
9.2 Page 82 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Center for Development and Population
Activities (CEDPA)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
C-1 Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 110016,
Tel: 91-11-41656781-85,
Fax: 91-11-41656710
Website: www.cedpa.org
3. Name of the project
Udaan: Towards a Better Future
4. Year of initiation
2006
5. Year of completion
2011
6. Primary thematic area
Life Skills Education
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
All government secondary schools across 24
districts in Jharkhand.
9. Primary target group
Umarried adoeslcent boys and girls in class
9 and class 11
10. Primary Level of intervention
Life Skills Education
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban government secondary
schools
13. Project Partners
(technical support/others)
Department of Education, Ministry of Human
Resource and Development, Government of
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
69
|
|
9.3 Page 83 |
▲back to top |
Jharkhand and Jharkhand State AIDS Control
Society
14. Donors/sponsors
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation,
Jharkhand State AIDS Control Society.
15. Project Goal / objectives
To strengthen the state education system of
Jharkhand to provide life skills education to
adolescents in order to improve their
educational and health outcomes.
16. Project key components / interventions
• To stregthen state Adolescence Education
Program in Jharkhand using the UDAAN
curriculum.
• To create trained teachers for life skills
education in the state education
department
• To advocate for mainstreaming life skills
education in secondary education
• Stregthen state education department MIS.
17 Research design
Quasi experimental (Pre-post, intervention-
control)
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
• Udaan curriculum taught every year in
government secondary schools as part of
the academic calendar.
• 2000 teachers trained from government
schools who impart life skills education in
classes.
• Cadre of 45 government master trainers
created who regualry train teachers.
• As of 2009, 100,000 students (combined
for class 9 and class 11) taught life skills
program 5. Adolescent education part of
state education department annual action
plan with committed funds.
19. Information sources
http://www.cedpa.org/content/publication/
70
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
9.4 Page 84 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust (HIHT)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Rural Development Institute (RDI),
Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust (HIHT),
Swami Ram Nagar, Doiwal, Dehra Dun,
Uttarakhand 248140,
Tel: 91-135-2471426, Fax: 91-135-2471427,
Email: rdi@hihtindia.org
Website: www.hihtindia.org
3. Name of the project
Adolescent Initiatives Uttaranchal (AIU)
known as ‘Pehal’
4. Year of initiation
2003
5. Year of completion
2006
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Life skills
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Sahaspur Block at Dehradun District;
Ramgargh Block at Nainital District;
Jaspur Block at Udham Singh Nagar District
in Uttaranchal
9. Primary target group
Married and unmarried adolescents
(13-19 years)
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community based
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
71
|
|
9.5 Page 85 |
▲back to top |
13. Project partners (technical
support/others)
Central Himalayan and Rural Action Group
(CHIRAG); Astha Sewa Sansthan (ASTHA);
Village Technology and Training
Development Society (VTTDS)
14. Donors/sponsors
Population Foundation of India (PFI)
15. Project Goal / objectives
To enhance the overall health and
development of adolescents focusing on
reproductive and sexual health, including a
special component on career opportunities
16. Project key components / interventions
• Knowledge, Information and Training
Services
• Capacity building of stakeholders and
Behavioral Change Communication.
17. Research Design
Quasi experimental design (pre-post, case
control study design (quantitative and
qualitative assessment)
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
• Knowledge on various reproductive sexual
health issues have increased significantly
• Prevalence of anemia and worm
infestation have decreased during the
project period
• Level of hygiene and cleanliness
increased in the program area
• Awareness on HIV/AIDS has increased
significantly
• Organization of health fairs helped in
generating demands from the community
19. Information sources
Annual reports, dissemination report, group
discussion
72
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
9.6 Page 86 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s),
district(s) and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
Department of Health & Family Welfare,
Government of Madhya Pradesh and UNFPA
DIRECTORATE OF HEALTH SERVICES,
Madhya Pradesh Govt.
Phone : 0755-2552958
Tele Fax : 0755-2552958
Website: www.mp.gov.in/health
UNFPA COUNTRY OFFICES:
55 Lodi Estate
New Delhi 110003, India
Phone: +91-11-46532250
Website: www.india.unfpa.org/
Kishor Mitra Pariyojana: Life Skills Education
Programme for Out-of-School Adolescents,
Madhya Pradesh
A period of 14 months starting from
September, 2003 to December, 2004.
2004
Life skills education
—
Satna, Rewa, Sidhi, Panna, Chattarpur in
Madhya Pradesh that covers 8 blocks
Amarpatan, Uchera, Govindgarh, Jawa,
Rampur Naikin, Sehowal, Devendra Nagar,
Badamalehra
Adolescents of 10-19 years age
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
73
|
|
9.7 Page 87 |
▲back to top |
10. Primary level of intervention
In and out of school, Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Blocks and Villages
13. Project partners
—
(technical support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
United Nations Fund for Population Activities
(UNFPA).
15. Project goal/objectives
16. Project key components/interventions
The project’s goal at the national and state
level is to help ensure a healthy and safe
development process for adolescents of both
sexes, in and out of school. Key strategies
include building a supportive environment at
the policy and community levels; informing
adolescents on health/SRH; building their life
skills and promoting service linkages on a pilot
basis.
• Awareness of physical changes during
adolescence (10-19 years age)
• Awareness of emotional changes during
adolescence
• Awareness of the relationship issues,
sexual and reproductive health
• Developing understanding about STIs and
HIV/AIDS
• Vocational training such as in stitching,
embroidery, soft toy making, agarbatti
making, to enhance earning resources
and orientation to public service offices
like Bank and Post Office.
• Building up negotiations skills and raising
self-esteem
• Enhancing the skills of peer educators
like leadership quality and communication
skills
74
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
9.8 Page 88 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
19. Information sources
—
The programme reached a total of 3807
adolescent girls and 2253 adolescent boys.
The assessment of the programme was
conducted by the Preventive and Social
Medicine Department of Rewa Medical
College, Madhya Pradesh in the year 2005.
The programme had better impact in Satna
comparing to Rewa districts in terms of the
knowledge of the animators and the
adolescents girls especially on the sexual and
the reproductive health aspects and the type
of methodology adopted was quite
encouraging.
Access and coverage: it met the much sought
needs of the out-of-school adolescents and
promoted positive sexual health.Building up
self-esteem: it enhanced the self-esteem of
children through transferring knowledge and
skills to lead an economically productive life.
own right
http://hsprodindia.nic.in/retopt2.asp?SD=
19&SI=21&ROT=1
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
75
|
|
9.9 Page 89 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Safdarjang Hospital
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Safdarjang Hospital Adolescent Healthcare
Network (SHAHN), Vardhman Mahavir Medical
College and Department of Pediatrics,
Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi-110029
Telephones : 91-11-26198106, 26168336,
26168520, Fax : 91-11-26163061,
E-mail : shahnadol@vsnl.net
3. Name of the project
Safdarjang Hospital Adolescent Health
Network (SHAHN) Establishing Adolescent
Friendly Health Services - Learning by doing
4. Year of initiation
2001
5. Year of completion
2005
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Safdarjang hospital, three public schools,
four government schools and three colleges
in the area adjacent to the hospital were
selected for the study purpose
9. Primary target group
Adolescents in the age group of 10-19 years
10. Primary Level of intervention
Hospital, schools and colleges
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Parents of adolescents, community
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban
76
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
9.10 Page 90 |
▲back to top |
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC);
Directorate of Education Department, New
Delhi; Five NGOs namely Pathfinder
International, SWAASTHYA, PRAYAS, FPAI
(Delhi), MAMTA; SPYM and Modicare
Foundation, Pathfinder International, Action
India
14. Donors/sponsors
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
Government of India and World Health
Organization (WHO)
15. Project Goal / objectives
The broad objective of this program was to
establish a dedicated facility for addressing
adolescent health care needs - both clinical
and psychological (counseling) in a large
urban health care facility. The specific
objectives were:
• To assess the health awareness,
knowledge and health needs of the
adolescent.
• To create a forum for advocacy for
adolescent health care.
• To provide clinic based adolescent health
care services.
• To establish linkages with school health
services and NGOs working with
adolescents.
16. Project key components / interventions
SHAHN adolescent center, package of clinical
services for bio-medical illness which include:
Growth and development monitoring; Nutrition
counseling; Reproductive and sexual health
information and counseling; Immunization;
Emotions and stress counseling; Mental
health services; Promotion of healthy life
style; and Preventive counseling against
injuries, substance abuse and high-risk
sexual behaviour, IEC materials, capacity
building workshops for teachers and
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
77
|
|
10 Pages 91-100 |
▲back to top |
|
|
10.1 Page 91 |
▲back to top |
17. Research Design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
counsellors, capacity building of NGO
functionaries, capacity building of doctors in
adolescent friendly health services,
Development of standard operative
procedures, Free of cost services, referral
services.
Pre test - post test
Some of the benefits of the SHAHN
programme have been:
• The intervention was very professional
and catered to a felt need of the students;
• The doctors are cooperative, therefore
schools and the children are benefiting;
• The teachers working on the SHAHN
programme felt confident and competent
to be “able to deliver the goods";
• Level of discipline and cooperation in the
school has improved;
• Training had very positive outcomes on
teachers as well as students;
• It was an eye-opener for teachers and
students;
• Children are aware of problems, open to
getting explanations from different sources
and taking situations in their stride;
• Mothers have become very supportive. In
some of the schools, mothers were
housewives with very little knowledge and
they have welcomed the project;
• The initiative has ensured that information
is available now. The adolescents can
comfortably access teachers and teachers
are able to act as conduits of information;
• On conducting activities in the schools it
has been realized that some adolescent
problems are under-reported such as lack
of choices, stressors, substance abuse
and ways of dealing with the opposite sex;
78
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
10.2 Page 92 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
• ‘Question Box’ encourages students to
ask personal questions on sensitive
issues and helps teachers to categorize
these questions and provide the
framework for subsequent interactive
sessions with the students. Girls and boys
asked different types of questions;
• Adolescent counseling should be
conducted as a separate and specific
activity wherever counselors are available;
• SHAHN provided a platform for
discussion, intervention on myths and
misconceptions and mental, physical and
reproductive health needs.
End term evaluation report of SHAHN
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
79
|
|
10.3 Page 93 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Academy for Nursing Studies (ANS)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
F1, Shirdi Apartments, Somajiguda,
Rajbhavan Road, Hyderabad – 500 083,
Andhra Pradesh, Tel: 040-23411924,
55649195,
Email: hyd2_dirans@sancharnet.in
3. Name of the project
Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health
and Rights Programmes
4. Year of initiation
1995
5. Year of completion
1999
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Life skills
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
33 villages in Rangareddy district of Andhra
Pradesh
9. Primary target group
Adolescent girls
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community based
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Project partners (technical support/others) —
14. Donors/sponsors
Department of Women and Child
Development (WCD), Andhra Pradesh Govt.
80
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
10.4 Page 94 |
▲back to top |
15. Project Goal / objectives
The goal of this project was to help
Adolescent and Young people to learn about
themselves and how they contribute for their
better future
16. Project key components / interventions
• Mahila Veduka – this activity had gender
training and ARSH discussion with the
women’s group of the village.
• Samoohika Seemantham – The women’s
group identified pregnant women in the
village and conducted a traditional
community program recognizing the
pregnant women.
• Balinda Darshanam – The members of the
Women health group along with the AWW
conduct a ceremonial visit to the home of
the newly- delivered mother and infant.
• Mini Health Clinic – Around 10 clinics were
started of which 2 clinics continued the work
for a long time. The clinic catered to
adolescent girls and boys.
• Leadership Development training for
adolescent boys and girls – A core group of
boys and girls were identified from a 15
members group in the villages. This core
group got intensive training in leadership,
negotiation and career building skills.
17. Research design
Pretest – post test, quantitative
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
Awareness about sexual and reproductive
health, services available, use of facilities
improved. Awareness about healthy life style
improved; also a perceptible change was
found in age at marriage and awareness
among girls
19. Information sources
Annual reports, group discussions, interviews
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
81
|
|
10.5 Page 95 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
Ministry of Women and Child Development,
Government of India
Sh. Anil Kumar
Secretary
Ministry Women and Child Development
Government of India
Phone: 23383586
Email: secy.wcd@nic.in
Website : www.wcd.nic.in
Balika Samriddhi Yojana
1997
On going
Girl child
—
Zila Panchayats/ District Rural Department
Agencies/District Urban Development
Agencies/ District women Development
Agencies or other district level nodal agencies
indicated by State Government and operated
through the Gram Panchayat/Municipalities in
India
The Balika Samriddhi Yojana covers girl
children in families below the poverty line
(BPL) as defined by the Government of India,
in rural and urban areas, who are born on or
after 15 August, 1997.
School based
82
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
10.6 Page 96 |
▲back to top |
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban
13. Project partners
(technical support /others)
Ministry of Women and Child Development,
Government of India and Zila Panchayats/
District Rural Department Agencies/District
Urban Development Agencies/ District women
Development Agencies or other district level
nodal agencies indicated by State Government
and operated through the Gram Panchayat/
Municipalities in India
14. Donors/sponsors
Ministry of Women and Child Development,
Government of India
15. Project goal/objectives
• To change negative family and community
attitudes towards the girl child at birth and
towards her mother;
• To improve enrolment and retention of girl
children in schools;
• To raise the age at marriage of girls;
• To assist the girl to undertake income
generating activities.
16. Project key components/interventions
The girl children eligible under BSY will be
entitled to the following benefits:
• A post-birth grant amount of Rs.500/-.
• When the girl child born on or after
15/8/1997 and covered under BSY starts
attending the school, she will become
entitled to annual scholarships as under
for each successfully completed year of
schooling:-
CLASS AMOUNT OF ANNUAL
SCHOLARSHIP
I-III
Rs.300/- per annum for each
class
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
83
|
|
10.7 Page 97 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
19. Information sources
IV
V
VI-VII
VIII
IX-X
Rs.500/- per annum
Rs.600/- per annum
Rs.700/- per annum for each
class
Rs.800/- per annum
Rs.1,000/- per annum for each
class
Information not available
Information not available
http://wcd.nic.in/BSY.htm#bsy9
84
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
10.8 Page 98 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization:
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project partners (technical
support/others):
14. Donors/sponsors
Family Health International (FHI)
16, Sunder Nagar, New Delhi – 110003 India.
Tel: 91-11-4304 8888, Fax: 91-11-2435 8366;
Email:fhiindia@fhiindia.org
Website : www.fhi.org
The Healthy Adolescent Project in India (HAPI)
2000
2002
Reproductive health
—
West Bengal (along the Eastern and
South-Eastern Railways)
Adolescents and youth in the age group
10-25 years
School based
—
Urban
The World Association of Girl Guides and
Girls Scouts (WAGGGS) and the Bharat
Scouts and Guides Association (BSG),
Family Planning Association of India/Calcutta
Branch (FPAI)
David and Lucile Packard Foundation
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
85
|
|
10.9 Page 99 |
▲back to top |
15. Project Goal / objectives
The purpose of HAPI is to address gaps in
reproductive health knowledge and services
for adolescents and young adults by
enhancing young people’s knowledge and
skills, using a life-skills approach. The
project also aims to help participants develop
healthy values and attitudes, and to establish
links between Scouts and Guides and local
health providers.
16. Project key components / interventions
To improve the reproductive health of
adolescents, the project incorporates a
reproductive and general health curriculum
into girl guide and boy scout programmes in
seven project communities in West Bengal
along the Eastern and South-Eastern
Railways. Through a series of health
education activities, guides and scouts learn
basic facts about their health and how to
convey this information to their peers. By
aiming to train 900 peer educators, each of
whom would make 25 contacts, the project
hopes to reach as many as 22 500 young
people. The curriculum is divided into two
levels, for ages 10–13 and ages 14–25. HAPI
uses a participatory, interactive training
methodology, both for adult trainers and for
adolescent scouts and guides. The approach
emphasizes “learning by doing”, or
experiential learning.
17. Research design
Quasi-experimental (pre test-post test, case-
control intervention), quantitative
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
Not available
19. Information sources
www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/
towards_adulthood/33.pdf and www.fhi.org/
en/RH/Training/trainmat/hapiindiaprogram.
htm
86
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
10.10 Page 100 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Tata Steel Family Initiative Foundation (TSFIF)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Road No 3, B H. Area, Kadma,
Jamshedpur – 5, Jharkhand
Website : www.tatasteel.com
3. Name of the project
Adolescent reproductive health project
4. Year of initiation
2003
5. Year of completion
2005
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Jamshedpur, Jharkhand
9. Primary target group
Married and unmarried adolescents
(12-19 years)
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community based
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban slums
13. Project partners (technical support/others) —
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project Goal / objectives
Population Foundation of India (PFI)
The project aimed to improve the overall
reproductive health of adolescents. The
specific objectives of the project are:
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
87
|
|
11 Pages 101-110 |
▲back to top |
|
|
11.1 Page 101 |
▲back to top |
To provide sexuality education through
adolescent reproductive health sessions in
schools and kishore/ kishori groups
• To provide information on HIV/AIDS and
other STDs
• To promote late marriage
• To spread awareness on gender equality
• To provide contraceptive services to
adolescents in the area and promote the
small family norm
16. Project key components / interventions
The program had following three components:
• Advocacy and counseling
• Services in the form of supply of
contraceptives
• Referral of patients to TSFIF clinics or
other city clinics. The key intervention was
to provide sex education and life skill
education through contact programs.
The primary strategy was a combination
of adolescent reproductive health
sessions in schools by the teachers and
a peer education based approach for
drop outs. This was complimented by
ARH services and information, education
and communication (IEC) activities for
the adolescents.
17. Research design
Pre test – post test (quantitative and
qualitative)
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
The adolescent boys and girls were brought
into forming Kishore-Kishori groups to reach
out to adolescents in a cost effective way. In
the course of the implementation peer
educators were identified and their capacity to
disseminate knowledge was built using a
variety of communication materials and tools.
88
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
11.2 Page 102 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
The most common source of awareness was
street plays. Awareness on marriages and
pregnancy related issues increased
tremendously. Awareness on various
reproductive health issues and HIV/AIDS has
increased significantly.
Annual reports, progress reports
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
89
|
|
11.3 Page 103 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Sangath
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
North Goa:841/1, Near Electricity Dept.,
Alto Porvorim, Bardez-Goa -India.
E-mail: contactus@sangath.com
Phone no.: (91-832) 2414916/ 2417914,
Fax No. : (91-832) 2411709
website: www.sangath.com
3. Name of the project
MANTHAN
4. Year of initiation
2008
5. Year of completion
2009
6. Primary thematic area
Education promotion
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Reproductive health and mental health
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Five schools in the mining area of Bicholim
taluka in North Goa.
9. Primary target group
Adolescents in the age group of
13 to 18 years
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Project partners
—
(technical support/others)
90
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
11.4 Page 104 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
Dempo Mining Corporation Pvt. Ltd
15. Project Goal / objectives
The broad vision of this program is to
promote the health and well-being of
adolescents through the development,
implementation and evaluation of a school
based package of health and education
promotion interventions in schools in rural
areas of Goa. The specific objectives of this
project are:
• To reduce school drop-outs and improve
educational outcomes in students;
• To reduce risk behaviors such as tobacco
use and violence; and
• To promote health, including mental health,
nutrition and reproductive and sexual
health (RSH) outcomes
16. Project key components / interventions
• Universal: Health camp was conducted in
each of the five schools, where the students
from standard 5 to 12 were assessed for
visual impairment (refractory errors),
auditory impairment and their height and
weight was assessed to calculate their
Body Mass Index (BMI). The visual
screening of the children and staff was
done by optometrist from GKB optolab
using an electronic projection chart and a
computerized refractometer. A health
card was prepared and all the data of each
student assessed was entered in the card.
Following the health camp, Individual health
reports given to each student with brief
guidelines on diet & exercise-contact details
of Govt. health service providers, such as
ophthalmologist, gynecologist, ENT
surgeons, Pediatrician
• Class / group level: The SHCs carried out
sessions on bullying and violence,
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
91
|
|
11.5 Page 105 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
friendships, study skills in all the classes
following the modules developed. Besides
these issues, sessions on reproductive
and sexual health was conducted
separately for boys and girls. Career
guidance workshops were conducted
for the students from 9th to 12th standards.
Nutritional interventions were carried out
with the children who are under nourished
and over weight and their parents in
collaboration with the Goa College of
Home Science. The interventions
comprised of a street play, muppet show,
talk on importance of diet/cooking methods
and a demonstration on low cost nutritious
recipes; and
• Individual level: The children who had study
related difficulties, behavioral and
emotional problems were provided with
individual and group counseling services.
A speak out box was fixed in the school for
the children to drop their needs and
difficulties and the SHCs open the box once
a week, look at the children’s issues and
take necessary actions.
Pre test- post test (Semi-structured interview
with various stakeholders)
Ongoing project, yet to be evaluated
http://www.sangath.com/sangath/node/130
92
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
11.6 Page 106 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Nalamdana and World Education, Boston
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Nalamdana
I Floor, Kadambam Apartments,
4/192, Ellaiamman Kovil Street, Neelankarai,
Chennai - 600041INDIA
Tel: 91-44-24491422 & 91-44-24493772
Email: nalam@vsnl.com
Website : www.nalamdana.org
3. Name of the project
South Indian Girl Child Initiative
4. Year of initiation
2006
5. Year of completion
2009
6. Primary thematic area
Adolescent health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
9. Primary target group
Adolescent girls.
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community based
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban Slums
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
Nalamdana with Four NGOs, two are from
Tamil Nadu and two are from Andhra Pradesh
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
93
|
|
11.7 Page 107 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project goal/objectives
16. Project key components/interventions
World Education, Boston, began in the
summer of 2006.
The project helps us to identify and work with
vulnerable girls, using participatory
communication to educate and empower
them through knowledge, accurate
information and also impart skills in the
following areas:
• Child rights and importance of girls’
education
• Adolescent health (emphasizing nutrition)
and reproductive health
• Awareness about HIV/AIDS
• Scale up for sustainability through
teaching theatre skills, music and
participatory communication - so that
each group will reach out to their peers.
• To work with challenged girl children in
one Government School in urban South
Chennai, 7th and 8th grade girls
(approximate ages 12 -13 years)
• To reach 17 to 19 year old girls from
challenged backgrounds in two
community colleges in urban Chennai.
Nalamdana selected Queen Mary’s
college and MGR Janaki college, as both
cater to lower income families. Over 90%
of the 3000 plus students at Queen Mary’s
college are studying free of cost.
• To create an adolescent girls’ group in one
urban slum, where out of school girls and
those attending local schools can
converge and meet often, learning skills
and exchanging ideas. Nalamdana
selected the “Urur Alcot kuppam” where
we support the local day care centre and
have also worked in the past. As of
December 2006, around twenty girls have
94
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
11.8 Page 108 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
started meeting regularly. During January
2007 we ran theatre training workshops
and they will perform for their community
soon.
Pre test - Post test
Yet to be evaluated
http://www.nalamdana.org/projects_girl.htm
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
95
|
|
11.9 Page 109 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Partners
14. Donors/sponsors
Eduserve
EduServe Consultants
E-48 Greater Kailash Enclave -2
New Delhi – 110048
Tel : 91 - 11 - 29221320 / 21 / 22
Fax : 91 - 11 - 29213319
Email : eduserves@yahoo.co.in
http://eduserveconsultants.com
Sexuality and AIDS Education project
2005
2008
Sexuality and AIDS Education
—
7 Kendriya Vidyalays in Delhi
School going adolescents
School based
—
Urban
Eduserve and 7 Kendrya Vidyalayas
Ministry of Human Resource
Development GOI
96
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
11.10 Page 110 |
▲back to top |
15. Project goal/objectives
16. Project key components/interventions
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
The objective is to institutionalise
sensitisation to the scourge of HIV/AIDS,
and to create awareness about safe sex
practices for its prevention on a perpetual
basis
Teacher Workshops
• Before starting student workshops, cover
all teachers teaching 8th to 12th
students
• One 5 hour workshop Student Workshops
• Cover all students of classes 8th to 12th
on same-class, same-gender basis
• SAE 1 & SAE 2 Workshops for every
student
• Each Workshop of three-hour duration
• Adolescence Educator Workshops
Baseline- end line
By giving factual and correct information,
misconceptions and myths are removed.
Talking sensibly and matter-of-factly makes it
easy for an adolescent to seek clarifications
of doubts and anxieties, which in turn, help
him/her to concentrate better on work and
studies.
Through workshops involving frank
discussions and openness about sexuality &
growing up issues, strong messages are
conveyed that:
• Young people can be responsible
• We are concerned about their well-being
• They can come to us without waiting for a
situation to develop into a “crisis”
While some parents fear that open
discussions on issues of sexuality might
encourage young people to experiment,
research study after study shows that when
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
97
|
|
12 Pages 111-120 |
▲back to top |
|
|
12.1 Page 111 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
young people have correct information about
sexuality and the consequences of their
actions, they are more likely to make
responsible decisions and engage in healthy
behaviour.
Increasingly, there is a higher risk of abuse,
which is faced by young people in
neighborhoods, playgrounds, homes, and
schools
http://eduserveconsultants.com
98
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
12.2 Page 112 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Sarva Siksha Abihyan (SSA)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Ministry of Human Resource Development
Government of India
Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi-110001
Fax 91-11-23074113
Telex 031-61336
Email : webmaster.edu@nic.in
Website : www.education.nic.in
3. Name of the project
Mahila Samakhya (Education for Women’s
Equality) Programme
4. Year of initiation
1987
5. Year of completion
1989
6. Primary thematic area
Women education
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
5287 villages in 33 districts of Uttar Pradesh,
Uttaranchal, Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh and Kerala. During the 10th Plan,
the programme is to be expanded to 27
new districts 5 in specially identified
educationally and socially backward blocks
in states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam,
Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh.
9. Primary target group
Women
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
Community based
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
99
|
|
12.3 Page 113 |
▲back to top |
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project goal/objectives
Rural
Department of Elementary Education and
Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource
Development
Ministry of Human Resource Development
• To provide women and adolescent girls
with the necessary support structure and
an informal learning environment to create
opportunities for education.
• To create an environment where women
can seek knowledge and information and
thereby empower them to play a positive
role in their own development and
development of society.
• To set in motion circumstances for larger
participation of women and girls in formal
and non-formal education programmes,
and
• To create an environment in which
education can serve the objectives of
women’s equality.
• To enable Mahila Sanghas to actively
assist and monitor educational activities
in the villages - including primary schools,
AE, NFE/EGS/AIE Centres and facilities for
continuing education.
• To enhance the self-image and self-
confidence of women and thereby
enabling them to recognize their
contribution to the economy as producers
and workers, reinforcing their need for
participating in educational programmes.
• To establish a decentralized and
participative mode of management, with
the decision making powers developed to
the district level and to Mahila Sanghas
100
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
12.4 Page 114 |
▲back to top |
which in turn will provide the necessary
conditions for effective participation.
16. Project key components/interventions
Not available
17. Research design
Assessed through collective reflections and
participative evaluation processes. In
addition, evaluation of programme
implementation/ thematic areas would be
done throughperiodic State and national
evaluations.
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
The outcomes of this empowering
educational process of enabling women
to question, conceptualise, seek answers
and to collectively act to redressproblems
have been many:— a demand for literacy has
been generated- recognition and visibility
within the family, community and block
levelshas increased — leadership qualities
have been developed and a cadre of village
level organisers and activists are emerging-
the strength and ability to demand
accountability of governmentdelivery systems
has been demonstrated- participation in
Panchayati Raj bodies has increased- and
an awareness of the need to struggle for a
gender just society isbeing strengthened.
19. Information sources
http://education.nic.in/ms/10THPLAN-MSL.pdf
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
101
|
|
12.5 Page 115 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Myrada
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
No.2, Service Road, Domlur Layout
Bangalore 560 071. KARNATAKA.
Direct Dial:+91-(0) 80 :25352028
25353166, 25354457
Fax :25350982
Email :myrada@vsnl.com
Website: www.myrada.org
3. Name of the project
Madakasira project and Devi Project
4. Year of initiation
1982
5. Year of completion
2009
6. Primary thematic area
Education sponsorship and health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Southern India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu)
9. Primary target group
Children
10. Primary Level of intervention
School based, community
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Project partners
—
(technical support/others)
102
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
12.6 Page 116 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project goal/objectives
16. Project key components/interventions
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
PLAN International
To promote child attendance in school
through sponsorship and emphasizes the
education and health of children as well as
making improvements to the environment
(home, school, community) in which children
grow.
The core programme of the Project is linked
to the concept of child sponsorship and
emphasizes the education and health of
children as well as making improvements to
the environment (home, school, community)
in which children grow. Currently,
sponsorship
programme
covers
approximately 4,000 children.Other
programmes include working with women to
promote awareness and development,
organising the poor into self help affinity
groups, and supporting the poor to take up
income generation activities that include both
agricultural and non-agricultural investments
(if the families earn stable incomes the
children’s growth and development is
secured better).
Pre test and post test
Apart from promoting the attendance of
children at regular schools, the Project has
identified the problem of girls being denied
education and having to work as labourers,
because of their parents’ poverty, ignorance
and lack of support. Hence, the Project is
running 7 girls’ learning centres for girls
between the ages of 9 and 19 where they
can learn to read and write besides being
encouraged to develop life skills (confidence,
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
103
|
|
12.7 Page 117 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
personality development) and vocational
skills (tailoring, embroidery, doll making,
basket weaving, etc.).The federations enable
members to access various schemes such
as old age and widow pensions, benefits for
disabled persons, toilet construction, cooking
gas connection, etc. The SHG-Bank linkage
programme is relatively more recently being
pursued on the project and a little over 80
groups have been linked so far.
http://www.myrada.org/
104
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
12.8 Page 118 |
▲back to top |
GROUP – IV
Community Based
Programmes on Married and Unmarried
Adolescents
|
|
12.9 Page 119 |
▲back to top |
|
|
12.10 Page 120 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Child In Need Institute (CINI)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Village- Daulatpur, P.O.: Pailan, Via Joka,
Dist: South 24 Parganas, Pin:700104,
West Bengal.
Ph: 91(33)2497 8192/8206/8641/8642
Fax: 91 (33) 2497 8241,
Email: cini@cinindia.org
Website: www.cini-india.org
3. Name of the project
Promoting Rights-based Action to Improve
Youth & Adolescent Sexual & Reproductive
Health & HIV & AIDS in India (PRAYASH)
4. Year of initiation
2007
5. Year of completion
2012
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Two blocks in West Bengal and two blocks in
Jharkhand
9. Primary target group
Young people in the age group 10-24 years,
Service providers, Community members
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
107
|
|
13 Pages 121-130 |
▲back to top |
|
|
13.1 Page 121 |
▲back to top |
13. Project partners (technical
support/others)
Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra (NBJK) is the
implementing NGO partner in Jharkhand.
West Bengal and Jharkhand Health and
Family Welfare Departments, the Youth Affairs
Departments and the State AIDS Control
Societies as partners to increase
co-ordination, joint planning, cross referral,
joint lesson learning and foster a truly
multi-sectoral approach.
14. Donors/sponsors
Interact Worldwide (UK)
15. Project Goal / objectives
To work towards improving reproductive and
sexual health and rights and HIV/AIDS health
seeking behaviour and reducing sexual
health vulnerability, including in relation to
gender, among children and young people
16. Project key components / interventions
• Community-based behaviour change
intervention;
• Promotion of youth-friendly service delivery;
• Youth-led advocacy
17. Research Design
Randomized Control Trial (RCT), pre and
post quasi-experimental research design
(qualitative and quantitative)
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
Ongoing project and yet to be evaluated
19. Information sources
Interviews, Group Discussions, Field visits,
project reports
108
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
13.2 Page 122 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
International Center for Research on Women
(ICRW)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
C – 139, Defence Colony,
New Delhi – 110024 India
P: 91-11-2465-4216
91-11-2465-4217
91-11-2463-5141
F: 91-11-2463-5142
E-mail: info.india@icrw.org
Website : www.icrw.org
3. Name of the project
Development Initiative Supporting Healthy
Initiative (DISHA)
4. Year of initiation
2004
5. Year of completion
2008
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Life skills
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
7 districts of Bihar and Jharkhand
9. Primary target group
Adolescent boys and girls
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community level
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
109
|
|
13.3 Page 123 |
▲back to top |
13. Project Partners (technical
support/others)
Six local NGOs (3 each from Bihar and
Jharkhand)
14. Donors/sponsors
The David & Lucile Packard Foundation
15. Project Goal / objectives
• To improve youth skills and capacity
through peer education, youth groups and
livelihoods training;
• Create an enabling environment for
meeting youth sexual and reproductive
health needs by building community
support;
• Ensure youth-friendly sexual and
reproductive health service delivery and
access; and
• Build the technical and implementation
capacity of the partner NGOs.
16. Project key components / interventions
Youth groups; peer educators; livelihoods;
community mobilization; adult groups;
youth-adult partnership groups; youth friendly
health services; youth contraceptive depot
holders and building NGO capacity
17. Research design
Quasi experimental (pre-post, intervention –
control groups) both qualitative and
quantitative techniques
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
• Youth exposed to DISHA were 14 percent
more likely to know the legal age at
marriage for girls than non-exposed youth;
• Youth exposed to DISHA were 17 percent
more likely to know where to access oral
contraceptive pills than non-exposed youth;
• Adults exposed to DISHA were 7 percent
more likely to feel girls should wait until
they are 18 or older to marry than non-
exposed adults not exposed to DISHA
110
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
13.4 Page 124 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
knowledge on how to access the pill
significantly increased among married
female youth, from about 50 percent to 82
percent
• Youth who were exposed to DISHA were 15
percent more likely to know about condoms
and 17 percent more likely to know how to
access contraceptive pills than youth not
exposed to DISHA.
• Age at marriage increased by nearly two
years; contraceptive use increased among
youth by nearly 60 percent.
Catalyzing change: Improving youth sexual
and reproductive health through DISHA,
dissemination report, evaluation report
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
111
|
|
13.5 Page 125 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7 Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention
(if any): Community based
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project partners (technical
support/others)
MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child
B-5, Greater Kailash Enclave Part-III,
New Delhi-110048.
Tel: 011-29220210/220/230;
www.mamta-himc.org; www.yrshr.org
Creating Enabling Environment on YRSHR
with Special Focus on Early Marriage and
Early Pregnancy
2005
2008
Reproductive health
Life skills
Four districts in Rajasthan
Married and unmarried adolescent boys and
girls
Community based
—
Rural
Implementation through network NGO
partners:
Gramin Vikas Nav Yuvak Mandal, Laporia,
Sawaimadhopur
112
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
13.6 Page 126 |
▲back to top |
Shikshit Rozgar Kendra Prabandhak Samiti,
Jhunjhunu Hadauti Hast Ship Sansthan, Kota
Meera Sansthan, Jodhpur
14. Donors/sponsors
The John D and Catherine T MacArthur
Foundation
15. Project Goal / objectives
To create an enabling environment for young
peoples’ reproductive and sexual health and
rights with a special focus on early marriage
and early pregnancy
16. Project key components / interventions
• Community intervention through
participatory techniques
• Involvement of young people through peer
education
• Involvement of young people through peer
education
• Strengthening of health care service
providers by orienting them towards
Youth friendly health services
• Networking with other NGO’s, civil society
institutions, media, community based
organizations and other strategic
partnerships for advancing the objectives
of the program beyond its pre-defined
geographical realm.
• Advocacy to bridge the gap between
policies and programs
17. Research design
Pre test - post test
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
The mean age at marriage for girls has
increased from 18.5 years in 2005 to 19.2
years in 2008. The mean age at marriage for
boys has increased from 20 years to 20.7
years. The mean age at consummation of
marriage for female has gone up from 19
years in 2005 to 20.3 years in 2008.
Annual report and evaluation report
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
113
|
|
13.7 Page 127 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project partners (technical
support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
Pathfinder International
Plot No. 10 (third floor), FC-33 Institutional
Area, Jasola, New Delhi 110 025,
Phone: 91-11-4054-1604 /02/03/04;
Website: www.pathfind.org
Promoting Change in Reproductive Behavior
in Bihar (PRACHAR) - I
2001
2005
Reproductive health
—
550 villages in Nalanda, Nawada and Patna
districts in Bihar
Adolescents and young couples in the age
group of 12-24 years
Community based
—
Rural
30 local NGOs
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
114
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
13.8 Page 128 |
▲back to top |
15. Project Goal / objectives
The main aim of the project was to improve
the health and welfare of young mothers and
their children by promoting major attitude and
behaviour changes among youths, their
parents and influential members of
communities. The specific objectives were:
• Change the beliefs held by young people
between the ages of 12-24 regarding RH/
FP, challenge traditional behavior patterns
of early childbearing and inadequate
spacing between children, and promote
informed and healthy reproductive behavior.
• Change beliefs held by parents of
adolescents and influential community
adults about RH/FP, provide them with
knowledge and education to discourage
early marriage of their daughters, curb the
pressure that they place on young couples
for early childbearing, and encourage
adequate spacing of subsequent children.
• Increase the use of contraceptives among
young married couples, particularly to delay
the first child until the mother is mature,
and to space subsequent births by at least
3-5 years
• Enhance the capacity of 30 non-
governmental organizations in Bihar to
design, implement, and monitor quality
RH/FP programs
• Enhance the quality of basic maternal and
child health care, reproductive health, and
family planning services delivered by
community-based traditional birth
attendants (dais) and informal rural medical
practitioners (RMPs)
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
115
|
|
13.9 Page 129 |
▲back to top |
16. Project key components / interventions
Pathfinder trained more than 400 partner staff
to work as change agents, carrying out
intensive training and public education
activities in their communities. These
trainings targeted: Newlyweds, who were
encouraged to delay their first child until the
wife reached age 21, and to space
subsequent children by three years; Young
couples with one child, trained on the
importance of child spacing and the adoption
postpartum contraception; Mothers-in-Law,
whose support for delayed marriage and
childbirth is essential if young couples are to
change their behavior; Adolescent girls and
boys, trained separately on reproductive
health, contraception, HIV/AIDS and STI
prevention; Dais (skilled birth attendants)
who attend up to 80 percent of home
deliveries in Bihar, trained in safe delivery
procedures, postpartum counseling, and
contraception for birth spacing. Approximately
2,000 were reached through the project; Rural
Medical Practitioners, so-called “Village
Doctors,” who have no formal training, but
give injections and prescribe medicines,
trained to support the reproductive health and
family planning needs of youth; and Whole
communities, who attended public dramas or
“folk media” that acted out the reproductive
health crises of women, and sought to show
people the steps they might take to remedy
problems such as maternal and child
mortality.
17. Research Design
Quasi-experimental design (pre test - post
test, case control design)
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
Data collected at the end of the Phase I
intervention shows substantial change in
behavior and beliefs. PRACHAR has
improved the knowledge and attitudes of
116
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
13.10 Page 130 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
community members in the intervention
areas about RH/FP issues. There has been
an increase in contraceptive prevalence in
young married couples for delaying first birth,
and for spacing the second. The proportion of
couples adopting contraception early, either
within three months of consummation of
marriage or within 90 days of the birth of the
first child, has increased significantly. The
median interval between consummation of
marriage and first birth has also increased.
The findings suggests that
• Median age of mother at first birth increased
from 20 years to 21 years;
• In newlyweds aged 17 and under, 34.4%
had used contraception to delay the first
child. As the age of the woman increased
to 18-20 years, contraceptive use declined
to 28.4%, and only 15.2% of couples with a
wife over 20 used contraception to delay
the first child. These high rates of use by
couples with a wife under 20 show that the
community has begun to act upon the
message that early childbearing is injurious
to the health of the mother;
• In both newlyweds and couples with one
child, condoms were the contraceptive
method of choice. 59.9% of newlywed
users of contraception used condoms, as
did 55.7 % of couples with one child. Oral
contraceptive pills were the second choice.
Use of IUDs, and other methods, was
insignificant. Men have actively participated
in planning their families;
• Age specific fertility rates declined
by 14.3% in the age group 15 to 19 years,
and by 12.8% in the age groups 20-24
years.
http://www.pathfind.org/site/PageServer?
pagename=Programs_India_Projects_
PRACHAR
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
117
|
|
14 Pages 131-140 |
▲back to top |
|
|
14.1 Page 131 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Pravara Medical College
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Pravara Rural University, Loni-413736
Tal: Rahata, Dist:Ahmednagar (Maharashtra ).
Tel: +91-2422-273600
Fax : +91-2422-273413
website: www.pravara.com
3. Name of the project
Developing A Multi-Sectoral Approach Model
for Sustainable Health & Development
4. Year of initiation
2006
5. Year of completion
2009
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Life skills
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
235 selected villages of Ahmednagar district,
Maharashtra
9. Primary target group
Married and unmarried adolescents
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Project partners (technical
support/others)
Pravara Medical Trust (PMT), Loni,
University of Linkoping (LiU), Sweden;
County Council of Osterogotland (CCO),
118
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
14.2 Page 132 |
▲back to top |
Sweden; and
University of Skovde (UoS), Sweden
14. Donors/sponsors
Swedish International Development
Cooperation Agency(SIDA)
15. Project Goal / objectives
To improve the maternal, child & adolescent
health status through increased access to
health care on Swedish pattern, promoting
e-health for improved health care delivery and
empowerment of people, bringing socio-
cultural behavioral changes in personal and
environmental hygiene & sexual and
reproductive health rights including safe
abortion and HIV/AIDS, and gender equity
and male participation, and research in
transgenic plants, quality of breast milk and
awareness for low cost locally available
nutrition rich food for improving nutritional
status of women and children and low cost
herbal remedies for control of viral infections.
16. Project key components / interventions
• Improvement of Services: Provision of
maternal & child health (MCH) care,
emergency obstetrical & new born care and
primary health care at village level on
Swedish Pattern
• Gender inequality & Socio cultural Aspects:
Raise awareness, bring behavioral
changes and organize advocacy,
counseling and empowerment activities
at individual (health workers and target
group-school teachers, farmers, religious
leaders, opinion leaders, women activists)
& community level with regard to health
environment, gender equity, sexual &
reproductive health rights of youth, and
HIV/AIDS.
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
119
|
|
14.3 Page 133 |
▲back to top |
17. Research Design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
• Awareness Generation: Capacity building
(training/workshops),
Awareness
generation & Empowerment
• Nutrition: Research in Biotechnology
(stress tolerant & salt resistant crops,
breast milk, propagation of local foods rich
in nutrition and low cost herbal remedies)
• e-Health: e-health to improve access to
health care, empower for better utilization
of resources, and welfare schemes of the
government
Pre test-post test (qualitative and quantitative)
Ongoing project, yet to be evaluated
A leaflet on “Developing a multi-sectoral
approach model for sustainable health and
development through institutional/
organizational collaboration between India
and Sweden”; through emails & website.
120
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
14.4 Page 134 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
CARE India
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
27 Hauz Khas Village, New Delhi - 110 016,
Ph : 011 - 26566060, 26564101,
Website : www.careindia.org
3. Name of the project
Adolescent Reproductive Health in Urban
Indian Slums: Acting through peer educators
and resource centers
4. Year of initiation
1997
5. Year of completion
2003
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s),
district(s) and state(s) names
Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
9. Primary target group
Adolescent girls (10-19 years)
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
School based
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban slums
13. Project partners (technical support/others) —
14. Donors/sponsors
UNFPA
15. Project Goal / objectives
To improve adolescent reproductive health in
urban slums of Jabalpur
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
121
|
|
14.5 Page 135 |
▲back to top |
16. Project key components / interventions
Peer education, promotion of adolescent
resource centers (ARCs), representation of
stakeholders in decision making and linking
of health institutions to school authorities.
Leaders from all groups were trained on
reproductive health care, family life education
etc. Anganwadi Workers (AWWs), Auxiliary
Nurse Midwifes (ANMs), Resident Community
Volunteers (RCVs) and Traditional Birth
Attendants (TBAs) were trained. A mechanism
was developed to supply diagnostic
instrument kits and drugs
17. Research Design
Pre test - post test
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
Almost 39 % of the girls (10-19 years) were
aware of CARE activities and 63 % of them
received orientation and were associated with
program activities of CARE. Over 55 % of the
girls were aware of the Adolescent Resource
Centre (ARC), and of those, 37 % were regularly
going there for using library facilities and
attending vocation/ skill building courses. 67%
of the girls who were aware of CARE program,
felt that the project has had a positive impact
on their lives. 74 % of the girls reported to have
gained knowledge on ‘problems and
solutions related to adolescent girls’. All the
adolescent girls believe in gender equality and
69 % of the girls have correct knowledge about
legal age at marriage for girls and 54 % for
boys. Almost 87 % of the boys who were aware
of CARE program, perceive that the project has
had a positive impact on their lives.
19. Information sources
http://thoughtshopfoundation.org/
project_summaries/Adolescent.html;
final project report
122
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
14.6 Page 136 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Child In Need Institute (CINI)
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Panchwati, 357-A, Road No 5, Ashok Nagar,
Ranchi -834002, Tel:0651-2245370/224
Email: cinijhk@gmail.com
Website: www.cini-india.org
3. Name of the project
Strengthening NGO capacity to improve
maternal and child health status in
Jharkhand through a life cycle based
approach
4. Year of initiation
2004
5. Year of completion
2009
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Life skill
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Churchu block in Hazaribagh district,
Jharkhand
9. Primary target group
Married and unmarried adolescent boys and
girls
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any): —
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
13. Project partners (technical
—
support/others)
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
123
|
|
14.7 Page 137 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
Population Foundation of India (PFI)
15. Project Goal / objectives
The life cycle approach (LCA) based
framework aims at improving the key
reproductive and child health outcomes by
concentrating on pregnancy, early childhood
and adolescence. The objectives of this
project are:
• To strengthen capacity of four partner NGOs
to provide integrated RCH-HIV services
using life cycle approaches in four divisions
of Jharkhand
• To develop and implement the life cycle
based community level intervention to
improve safe motherhood, child survival –
growth, achievement of fertility goals, male
participation, adolescents’ informed
choices about health and health delivery in
one block setting through one partner NGO,
and
• To document and disseminate these
experiences to other NGOs and
government in the state
16. Project key components / interventions
Saahiya (Female Community health worker)
are the main change agent for creating
awareness in the community, tracking and
identifying pregnant women and children,
motivating community to access health
services available in the area. She is
supported by VHCs. The three pronged
strategy of LCA are
• Case management;
• Behaviour change communication; and
• Linkages with government systems.
The major components of this project are:
Identification and selection of four NGOs
Development of training materials in local
dialect Training (21 days), orientation
programmes and refresher courses to
124
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
14.8 Page 138 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
NGOs On-going technical assistance to
NGOs in proposal writing, networking,
advocacy etc Providing monitoring and
supervision support through meetings and
feedbacks
Pre test-post test (quantitative)
Ongoing project (yet to be evaluated)
Project proposal, progress reports
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
125
|
|
14.9 Page 139 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
B-5, Greater Kailash Enclave Part-III,
New Delhi-110048.
Tel: 011-29220210/220/230;
www.mamta-himc.org; www.yrshr.org
3. Name of the project
Networking to promote young peoples’
reproductive and sexual health across the
country (Sexual and Reproductive Health
Initiative for Joint Action Network (SRIJAN))
4. Year of initiation
2000
5. Year of completion
2003 (phase-I), continuing till date
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive health (networking)
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Life skills
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Seven states (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat and Maharashtra)
9. Primary target group
Adolescents and young people of 10-24 years
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban
13. Project partners (technical
support/others)
Swedish Association for Sexuality Education
(RFSU)
126
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
14.10 Page 140 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
Swedish International Development
Co-operation Agency (SIDA)
15. Project Goal / objectives
• To assess institutions to facilitate and
support their intervention process on
Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive
Health and Rights (YRSHR)
• Establish countrywide networking and
establish common areas of interests on
YRSHR
16. Project key components / interventions
• Promotion of issues (like integration of
sexuality education in school education
system; preventing early marriages and
early pregnancies; making youth friendly
health services available and accessible;
preventing HIV infections; promoting
optimum sex ratio; and education
retention) through network
• Information dissemination and sensitizing
local actors and key stakeholders to create
platform for joint and consistent advocacy
on YRSHR formed the core activity of
SRIJAN
• Peer education was the most frequently
used approach for reaching young people
17. Research design:
Not available
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results:
Not evaluated
19. Information sources
Partnerships for change, Evolution of
SRIJAN, 2009
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
127
|
|
15 Pages 141-150 |
▲back to top |
|
|
15.1 Page 141 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
9. Primary target group
10. Primary Level of intervention
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
Institute for Social and Economic Change
Institute for Social and Economic Change
Nagarabhavi
Bangalore 560072
Phone : 080-23217010
E-mail: director@isec.ac.in
Website : www/isec.ac.in
Empowerment of PRI on health through
electronic media
May, 2002
Dec, 2002
Reproductive health
Population, health, and social development
The project was implemented in six districts
of Karnataka covering 115 Gram Panchayats.
Members of Panchyati Raj Institutions
Gram Panchayats
—
Rural
• Family Planning Association of India,
Dharwad, Dharwad District
• Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement,
H.D. Kote ( Mysore District)
128
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
15.2 Page 142 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
15. Project goal/objectives
16. Project key components
• Jayanthi Grama Women and Children
Welfare Association, Bijapur District
• Grameena Abhyudaya Seva Samsthe,
Doddaballapur (Bangalore Rural District)
• Family Planning Association of India,
Bidar Branch ( Bidar District)
• Action for Rural Reconstruction Movement,
Shorapur (Gulbarga District
• Implemented in consultation with the
Department of Health and Family Welfare,
Govt. of Karnataka
Population Foundation of India, (PFI) and
Sir Ratan Tata Trust, Mumbai
• To educate and sensitize members of the
Panchayati Raj Institutions on issues such
aspopulation, health, and social
development through the electronic media
in Karnataka; and
• To utilize the electronic media to reach the
larger audience of opinion-makers of
ruralcommunities such as Panchayati Raj
members, health workers, anganawadi
workers, ANMs and non-governmental
organizations in Karnataka.
The Government of Karnataka, under the
India Population Project –IX, produced
television programmes on various issues
related to Reproductive and Child Health.
ISEC sponsored the telecast of 12 episodes
of the production through Bangalore
Doordarshan Kendra (DD-1) on Thursdays,
from 6.00 to 6.30 p.m. during June to
September 2002.The TV episodes were on
the following topics:
• Health problems of the adolescent girls
• Menstruation and related developments
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
129
|
|
15.3 Page 143 |
▲back to top |
17. Research design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
19. Information sources
• Age at marriage
• Health problems of married women
• Ante-natal care
• Post-natal care
• High-risk pregnancy
• Breast-feeding practices
• Importance of breast-feeding
• Immunization (BCG and Polio)
• Immunization (DPT and others)
• Temporary and permanent family
planning methods
Pre-Post telecast questionnaires
As a part of the project, the State Department
of Health and Family Welfare had requested
the ISEC project team to prepare a
comprehensive Handbook on Reproductive
and Child Health (RCH) for the use of field
staff in Karnataka. ISEC has brought out
thehandbook in consultation with the leading
health education and medical experts of
Karnataka. Dr. M Ramakrishna Reddy and Mr.
N M Narayanamoorthy served as consultants
for the preparation of the Handbook. The
Govt. of Karnataka printed anddistributed
47,000 copies of the Handbook to all health
and anganwadi workers (ICDS) in
http://www.isec.ac.in/proj18.pdf
130
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
15.4 Page 144 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Foundation for Research in Health Systems
(FRHS),
International Center for Research on
Women (ICRW)
Delhi Office
Room No 1, 214, Sydicate House,
Inderlok, Delhi – 35
Ahmedabad Office
7, Shrividhi Apartments,182, Azad Society,
Ahmedabad – 380 015
Phone: 079 - 26740437, 26766381
Fax: 079-26740437
Email: frhs.ahmedabad@gmail.com
Website : www.frhsindia.org
Asia Regional Office International Center
for Research on Women
C – 139, Defence Colony,
New Delhi – 110024, India
P: 91-11-2465-4216
91-11-2465-4217
91-11-2463-5141
F: 91-11-2463-5142
E-mail: info.india@icrw.org
Influence of men and boys on youth
reproductive and sexual health
2001
2006
Youth reproductive and sexual health
—
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
131
|
|
15.5 Page 145 |
▲back to top |
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Parner and Ahmednagar blocks of
Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra state,
western India.
9. Primary target group
Married women younger than 22, their
husbands and mothers-in-law.
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Parner and Ahmednagar blocks of
Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra state,
western India.
13. Project partners
—
(technical support/others)
14. Donors/sponsors
The Rockefeller Foundation.
15. Project goal/objectives
Assess
the
effectiveness
of
socialmobilization and improved government
services foryouth reproductive and sexual
health.
16. Project key components/interventions
To understand husband’s awareness of
maternal care.
To understand hunband’s responsibility and
participation in wives care.
17. Research design
Pre-intervention qualitative interviews were
conducted among 207 young women,
their husbands, marital families and health
providers between 1996 and 1999. A census
of 1,866 married women younger than 22
was conducted in 22 villages in 2001. A survey
of 972 of these women’s husbands was
administered in 2003.
132
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
15.6 Page 146 |
▲back to top |
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
Men know about the need for maternal care:
More than two-thirds are aware of the need
for antenatal, delivery and postnatal care and
feel a responsibility to accompany their wives
for treatment and to pay for routine care as
well as treatment of problems during
pregnancy and delivery. Fewer husbands
accompany their wives for routine antenatal
and delivery care than treatment for
pregnancy or delivery problems. Men
commonly believe that maternal care is a
woman’s affair, a belief that is reinforced by
attitudes and conditions in the health centers,
and which contributes to husbands’ limited
participation in maternal care among young
couples.
http://www.icrw.org/docs/publications-2006/
L-6_new.pdf
http://www.frhsindia.org
http://www.icrw.org/asia
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
133
|
|
15.7 Page 147 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
SAMUHA
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
SAMUHA, #12/3, “Raghava Krupa”,
Bull Temple “A” Cross Road, 6th Main,
Chamarajpet, Bangalore-560 018.
Tel: 080-2660 6532,3.
Fax: 91-80-2660 6528.
E-mail: atantri@psg.ucsf.edu,
website: www.samuha.org
3. Name of the project
Adolescent Livelihood and Reproductive
Health Project
4. Year of initiation
2002
5. Year of completion
Ongoing
6. Primary thematic area
Livelihood
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Reproductive health and HIV/AIDS
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Raichur and Koppal Districts, Karnataka
9. Primary target group
Married, unmarried adolescent girls,
and mothers 14-20 yr
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural
134
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
15.8 Page 148 |
▲back to top |
13. Project partners (technical
support/others)
SAMUHA (Bangalore, Raichur and Koppal
districts); Jana Sahayog, urban development
resource group; Munjavu, women’s self-help/
micro-credit network; People & Environment,
community-based rural development;
Women’s Global Health Imperative (WGHI)
at the University of California, San Francisco
(UCSF, USA); Bangalore Medical Sciences
Trust (BMST, Bangalore); International Center
for Research on Women (USA); In.In.De -
Innovation In Developments; Network of
Adolescent NGO’s and Foundations
14. Donors/sponsors
The Levi Strauss Foundation
15. Project Goal / objectives
The ultimate objective is to increase young
people’s control over sexual interactions and
to decrease incidence of HIV, STI’s, and
unintended pregnancies. The specific
objectives are:
• To conduct research to understand the
economic, reproductive, and sexual health
needs of adolescent girls.
• To identify an existing intervention, or
develop an intervention that links
livelihoods, and reproductive and sexual
health (RSH) of adolescent girls.
• To implement and evaluate the intervention
to test the hypothesis that interventions
designed to increase young women’s
economic power will help to delay marriage,
empower them within marriage, and
ultimately reduce their risk of HIV and other
adverse reproductive health outcomes
16. Project key components / interventions
Situation assessment of existing services ,
resources, and knowledge base
Focus group discussions and In-depth
interviews
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
135
|
|
15.9 Page 149 |
▲back to top |
17. Research Design
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
19. Information sources
Married, unmarried adolescent girls
(11-20 yrs), and mothers of unmarried
adolescent girls.
Adolescent boys, parents and key informants.
Participatory research and action.
Media activities (film and community radio).
Cross-sectional survey (Quantitative and
qualitative)
Ongoing project (yet to be evaluated)
http://www.samuha.org/UCSF.htm
136
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
15.10 Page 150 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Swaasthya
2. Address of the organization with
website address (if available)
G-1323 Basement, Chittaranjan Park,
New Delhi – 110019, India;
Tel: 91-11-26270153 /
Fax: 91-11-26274690;
Website: www.swaasthya.net
3. Name of the project
Costs to replicate an adolescent girls’
reproductive and sexual health program in
Delhi
4. Year of initiation
2003
5. Year of completion
2006
6. Primary thematic area
Costing of adolescent reproductive and exual
health program
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Naglamachi, New Delhi
9. Primary target group
Married and unmarried adolescent girls
(12-23 years)
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban slums
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
137
|
|
16 Pages 151-160 |
▲back to top |
|
|
16.1 Page 151 |
▲back to top |
13. Project partners
(technical support/ others)
International Center for Research on Woman
(ICRW)
14. Donors/sponsors
The Rockefeller Foundation
15. Project goal/ objectives
Test the feasibility, effectiveness and costs
of replicating a tested youth reproductive and
sexual health model in a slum.
16. Project key components/ interventions
Data on financial costs rather than economic
costs were collected. The costs were
organized into three categories.
• Start up activities
• Program implementation
• Monitoring and supervision
17. Research design
Program costs were collected for 20 months
and then analyzed
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
Cost specifically for the three program
elements skills building module,
communication - education package and
social support were calculated on a total cost
basis and per unit cost, since each element
reached a different number of persons. costs
for the social support and skills-building
module elements were roughly equal at
Rs. 5, 48,000 (US $ 11,734) and
Rs. 5, 71,000 (US $ 12,227) respectively.
The communication-education package was
Rs. 7,85,000 (US$ 16,809.42)
19. Information sources
Improving the reproductive health of married
and unmarried youth in India by ICRW, and
www.swaathya.net
138
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
16.2 Page 152 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3. Name of the project
4. Year of initiation
5. Year of completion
6. Primary thematic area
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Pop Council & Foundation for Research in
Health Systems (FRHS)
Population Council
Zone 5A, Ground Floor India
Habitat Centre Lodi Road
New Delhi 110003, India
Telephone: +91 11 2 464 2901/2, 464 4008/9,
465 2502/3, 465 6119
Facsimile: +91 11 2 464 2903
E-mail: info-india@popcouncil.org
Website : www.popcouncil.org
Foundation for Research in Health Systems
(FRHS)
7, Shrividhi Apartments,182, Azad Society,
Ahmedabad – 380 015
Phone: 079 - 26740437, 26766381
Fax: 079-26740437
Email: frhs.ahmedabad@gmail.com
Website : www.frhsindia.org
Increasing Community Involvement in
Planning and Monitoring of Reproductive and
Child Health Services: Operations Research
(OR) in Family Planning and Reproductive
Health
July 2000
August 2002
Reproductive and Child Health Services
—
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
139
|
|
16.3 Page 153 |
▲back to top |
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Karnataka
9. Primary target group
Women, adolescents and children
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban):
Mysore district of Karnataka
13. Partners
Pop Council & Foundation for Research in
Health Systems (FRHS)
14. Donors/sponsors
United States Agency for International
Development (USAID)
15. Project goal/objectives:
An intervention to foster collaboration
between community members and health
professionals on a broad array of
reproductive health and general issues
16. Project key components/interventions
Provision of Project Inputs
To help the committees function, the project
provided five types of inputs:
• Community facilitators
• A start-up grant of Rs. 2000 per committee
• Identity cards for committee members
• Organization of bi-annual meetings of
committee presidents
• Publication of a monthly newsletter
17. Research design :
Pre test – post test
18. Output and outcome level indicators
Researchers evaluated the impact
of the project in terms of community
140
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
16.4 Page 154 |
▲back to top |
involvement and utilization of reproductive
and child health services. Process indicators
assessed the level of community involvement
for people’s participation in committee
programs and committees’ ability to mobilize
local resources and involve other community-
based organisations (including local
governments) in health activities. Outcome
indicators measured changes in the
awareness and utilization of reproductive and
child health services. Data for evaluation
came from a household survey similar to the
baseline survey and from interviews with
health staff, committee members, and local
leaders.Of the three roles envisaged,
committees performed two roles remarkably
well:
• Undertaking activities to create awareness
about health, and
• Fostering trust and understanding between
the community and health staff. They
largely failed at their third role, namely
assessing people’s health needs and
developing activity plans. One main reason
for this failure was that health workers did
not think that committee members could
help them with this technical task. Instead,
they agreed to share survey findings with
committee members and to suggest
activities based on the findings.
Committee members also held ideas
about health planning that were contrary to
those envisioned under the reproductive
and child health program. They wanted to
make services accessible to the very poor,
or to find ways to give them free medicines.
Based on those ideas, some committees
did try “pro-poor” planning, which turned
out to be a different exercise than
participating in the micro-planning
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
141
|
|
16.5 Page 155 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
exercise. One positive aspect of this
model was that it allowed the two
partners, committee members and health
staff, to play their respective roles instead
of controlling or competing with each
other. The committees’ roles were to
organize health activities, which they did
with support from health staff. Health staff
also realized that their fieldwork became
easier if they cooperated with committee
members. However, neither could demand
support from each other; they earned it
through good working relationships and
mutual respect. As a result, most
committees tried to please health staff.
Health staff also responded positively to
committees that respected them and
treated them well. In the process, health
committees created a certain level of
social capital by collaborating with health
staff and indirectly pressuring them to
provide better quality services. This project
proved that the community could exert
pressure on service providers by actively
participating in the service delivery
process and by providing them with
support.
http://www.popcouncil.org/Frontiers/projects/
ane/India_FRHS.htm
142
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
16.6 Page 156 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Pathfinder International
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
Plot No. 10 (third floor), FC-33 Institutional
Area, Jasola, New Delhi 110 025,
Phone: 91-11-4054-1604 /02/03/04;
website: www.pathfind.org
3. Name of the project
The Community Partnerships for Family
Well-Being
4. Year of initiation
2008
5. Year of completion
2011
6. Primary thematic area
Community Based
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
—
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
Urban resettlement colony of Madan Pur
Khader, New Delhi
9. Primary target group
Adolescents and young couples
10. Primary Level of intervention
Reproductive health
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban resettlement colony
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
Agragami India
14. Donors/sponsors
The Flora Family Foundaton and Anonymous
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
143
|
|
16.7 Page 157 |
▲back to top |
15. Project Goal / objectives
The objectives of the project are to:
Increase awareness of reproductive health
and family planning as well as maternal and
child health among young people, and
strengthen their capacity to address
psychosocial barriers to accessing and
using health services; Raise awareness of
reproductive health and family planning
among parents and the community at large
and increase their support for adolescent
education programs; and Ensure diffusion
and wider reach of behavior change
communication for health and increase
access to reproductive health information
and services
16. Project key components / interventions
Building the capacity of change agents
(community outreach workers), volunteer
family health counselors, and local
organizations to implement youth-focused
reproductive health and family planning
communication programs.
17. Research Design
Pre test -post test
18. Output and outcome level indicators
with results
On going project (baseline completed)
19. Information sources
http://www.pathfind.org/site/PageServer?
pagename=Programs_India_Projects_
Community_Partnership_Family_WellBeing
144
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
16.8 Page 158 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
NIDAN
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
3rd Floor, Sudama Bhawan, B Road,
Patna - 800001, Tel: 0612-2571702,
Email: nidanpatna@rediffmail.com,
Website: www.nidan.in
3. Name of the project
Strengthening Network on Young people’s
Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights
in Bihar
4. Year of initiation
2002
5. Year of completion
2009
6. Primary thematic area
Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Youth development
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
20 Slums of Patna district and through
networking in 5 blocks of 3 other districts in
Bihar
9. Primary target group
Adolescent and young people
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Rural and Urban
13. Project partners
(technical support/others)
MAMTA-Health Institute for Mother and Child
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
145
|
|
16.9 Page 159 |
▲back to top |
14. Donors/sponsors
Swedish International Development
Co-operation Agency (SIDA)
15. Project Goal / objectives
The objectives of this project are :
• To evolve and set the momentum towards
the creation of a district strategy for greater
involvement of young people on YRSHR
issues through the network mechanism;
• To sensitize identified constituencies of
YRSHR issue at central and state level;
and
• To consolidate the existing SRIJAN network
& reinforce understanding on YRSHR
16. Project key components / interventions
The key components of this project are:
• Ensuring involvement of legislatures in
programme of young people;
• Peer education;
• Sensitizing stakeholders on YRSHR issue
from village, panchayats, district to state
level;
• Youth Information Centre ( A centre
to provide scientific and accurate
information on YRSHR issue to young
people); and
• State Resource Centre on YRSHR
17. Research Design
The program was not evaluated.
18. Output and outcome level
indicators with results
The maintains data shows the following
results:
• Linkages developed with village/block level
functionaries and are aware about YRSHR
issues and ready to provide their support
on YRSHR issues in their respective
areas;
• Linkages developed with district/state level
functionaries and are aware about YRSHR
issues and ready to provide their support
146
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
16.10 Page 160 |
▲back to top |
19. Information sources
on YRSHR issues in their respective
areas;
• Peer Educators get oriented on Gender,
Sexuality, HIV/AIDS, migration, early
marriage and early pregnancy and adverse
sex ration as well as education retention;
• Migrant and their families and other
stakeholders are sensitized on HIV/AIDS;
• YICs strengthened for providing accurate
and scientific information on YRSHR issue
to the young people;
• District and State Youth Forum are
formed and their members are oriented on
YRSHR issues and advocacy strategies for
advocating YRSHR issues at the district
and state level
www.yrshr.org; monthly monitoring reports
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
147
|
|
17 Pages 161-170 |
▲back to top |
|
|
17.1 Page 161 |
▲back to top |
Information on Pilots
1. Name of the organization
Indian Institute of Young Inspirers
2. Address of the organization with
website address if available
551 ka/506, Azad Nagar, Alambagh,
Lucknow - 226005, U.P., India
Ph: 91-522-2452988
Mobile: 91-9415110490
Email: iiyi@sify.com
Website : www.iiyi.org
3. Name of the project
A Communication Strategy for the Promotion
of Adolescent Reproductive Health
4. Year of initiation
2003
5. Year of completion
2006
6. Primary thematic area
Adolescent Health
7. Secondary thematic area (if any)
Adolescent health and nutrition, sexuality,
gender, peer pressure and drug abuse, risk
behaviors, HIV/AIDS, violence, early marriage
and pregnancy.
8. Project geographic location
(no of villages by block(s), district(s)
and state(s) names
India
9. Primary target group
Adolescents
10. Primary Level of intervention
Community based (Material Development)
11. Secondary level of intervention (if any)
—
12. Place of intervention (Rural/Urban)
Urban and Rural
148
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
|
|
17.2 Page 162 |
▲back to top |
13. Project partners (technical support/others) —
14. Donors/sponsors
The Fund for Leadership Development and
The MacArthur Foundation
15. Project goal/objectives
To develop innovative communication
strategies for the promotion of adolescent
reproductive health, with an emphasis on
issues related to adolescent health and
nutrition, sexuality, gender, peer pressure
and drug abuse, risk behaviors, HIV/AIDS,
violence, early marriage and pregnancy.
16. Project key components/interventions
• Development of 20 Magic Tricks and 7
Board Games for the promotion of
Adolescent Health.
• Training of Master Trainer on how to use
magic tricks and board games in
adolescent health programs.
17. Research design
Not available
18. Output and outcome level indicators
• A Training Manual- Use of Board Games
and Magic Tricks in Adolescent Health
Programs.
• Trained 60 Maste Trainers on how to use
magic tricks and board games in
adolescent health programs.
• Establishment of Entertainment Education
Resource Centre at Lucknow, India.
19. Information sources
http://www.afronets.org/archive/200308/
msg00051.php
http://www.iiyi.org/projects.htm
Young People’s Reproductive & Sexual Health Programmes
149
|
|
17.3 Page 163 |
▲back to top |
POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA
B-28, Qutab Institutional Area, Tara Crescent, New Delhi 110 016
Tel. No : 42899770, Fax : 42899795
Website : www.popfound.org, E-mail : popfound@sify.com