HIV AIDS Chartbook Tamil Nadu 2005 :: PFI Publication :: KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CENTRE PORTAL, POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA

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HIV AIDS Chartbook Tamil Nadu 2005

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HIV AIDS Chartbook Tamil Nadu 2005

1 Pages 1-10

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TAMIL NADU

Responds

HIV/AIDS

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢-ä

âî¤ó¢ ªè£÷è¢ ¤ø¶

îñ¤öï¢ £´

29/12/2006, 2:15 PM

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ªð£¼÷ìè¢èñ¢

Foreword .................................................................................. 3

Preface ..................................................................................... 4

HIV/AIDS in Tamil Nadu ........................................................... 5

Measuring the Extent of the Epidemic ..................................... 6

Raising Awareness of HIV/AIDS ............................................. 11

Commercial Sex Work in Urban Tamil Nadu ......................... 12

High-risk Behaviour in Urban Tamil Nadu.............................. 15

HIV/AIDS in Rural Tamil Nadu ............................................... 17

Prevention Strategies – TANSACS ........................................ 21

Prevention Strategies – APAC/VHS ...................................... 22

Prevention Strategies – TAI ................................................... 23

Prevention Strategies – PSI/FHI ............................................ 24

Care and Support ................................................................... 25

PPTCTs and VCTCs .............................................................. 26

Afterword ................................................................................ 27

Statistical Appendix ............................................................... 28

ñî¤ð¢¹¬ó ................................................................................ 3

ºù¢Â¬ó ................................................................................ 4

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/ âò¢ì¢ú¢ ............................................... 5

Þð¢ ðó¾«ï£ò¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¬õ Ü÷ðð¢ ¶ ..................................... 6

âê¢äõ¤/ âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤ ¹ó¤ï¢¶íó¢¬õ Üî¤èó¤î¢îô¢ .............. 11

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ .... 12

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ Üî¤è Üð£òè¢ÃÁ

à÷¢÷ ïìî¢¬î ....................................................................... 15

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ ................ 17

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢ ................................... 21

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - ãð¤ãê¤/õ¤âê¢âú¢ ........................ 22

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - î£ò¢ .............................................. 23

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - ð¤âú¢ä/âçð¢âê¢ä ....................... 24

èõù¤ð¹¢ ñ¢ Ýîó¾ñ¢ .............................................................. 25

ð¤ð¤®ê¤®-è÷¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ õ¤ê¤®ê¤-è÷¢ ....................................... 26

ð¤ù¢Â¬ó .............................................................................. 27

¹÷¢÷¤õ¤õó ð¤ù¢ù¤¬íð¢¹ .................................................. 28

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

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FOREWORD

ñî¤ð¢¹¬ó

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

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PREFACE

ºù¢Â¬ó

Tamil Nadu Responds to HIV/AIDS is intended to inform a

wide audience on the situation of HIV/AIDS in the state and

the state's efforts to prevent the spread of the epidemic.

Prepared in both Tamil and English, the chartbook describes

many aspects of HIV/AIDS.

The risk of HIV is not confined to those with high-risk

behaviour, but often moves into the general population.

Tamil Nadu was the first state to respond with a series of

effective programmes in India. The programmes were

designed to increase awareness of HIV/AIDS, promote safe

sex, and provide care and support to infected persons. As a

result of these efforts, HIV/AIDS prevalence appears to have

declined in the state. But past success must be met with

renewed effort to eliminate this devastating disease from

society.

We hope that this chartbook will serve multiple purposes - to

describe the current situation of HIV/AIDS in Tamil Nadu and

to suggest directions for further steps to combat the disease.

December 2005

A. R. Nanda

Executive Director

Population Foundation of India

õ¤ó¤õ¬ìõ¬îî¢ î´è¢è Üó² «ñø¢ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ ºòø¢ê¤è÷¢ ðø¢ø¤»ñ¢

'âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢-ä âî¤ó¢ ªè£÷¢è¤ø¶ îñ¤ö¢ï£´' âÂñ¢ Þð¢¹î¢îèñ¢

ðôîóð¢ðì¢ì õ£êèó¢èÀè¢°î¢ îèõô¢ î¼è¤ø¶. Ýé¢è¤ôñ¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ îñ¤ö¤ô¢

îò£ó¤è¢èð¢ðì¢ì Þð¢ ðìð¢ ¹î¢îèñ¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ °ø¤î¢î ðô

Üñ¢êé¢è¬÷ õ¤õó¤è¢è¤ø¶.

Üî¤è Üð£òè¢ÃÁ ïìõ®è¢¬è ªè£í¢ìõó¢è÷¢ Þ¬ì«òî£ù¢ âê¢äõ¤

ªî£ø¢ø¤ù¢ Üð£òñ¢ Üìé¢è¤ Þ¼è¢°ñ¢ âù¢ø¤ô¢ô£ñô¢, ªð£¶

ðòÂ÷¢÷ î¤ì¢ìé¢èÀìù¢ Üî¬ù âî¤ó¢ªè£í¢ì ºîô¢ ñ£ï¤ôñ¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ Ý°ñ¢. âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤ò õ¤ö¤ð¢¹íó¢¬õ Üî¤èó¤è¢°ñ¢

õ¬èò¤½ñ¢, ð£¶è£ð¢ð£ù àì½ø¬õ «ñø¢ªè£÷¢÷ àî¾ñ¢

õ¬èò¤½ñ¢, «ï£»ø¢«ø£¼è¢°è¢ èõù¤ð¢¹ñ¢ Ýîó¾ñ¢ õöé¢°ñ¢

õ¬èò¤½ñ¢ Þî¢î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¢ Ü¬ñè¢èð¢ ðì¢ìù. Þñ¢ºòø¢ê¤è÷¤ù¢

õ¤¬÷õ£è, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢-Þù¢ õ¤ó¤¾ °¬øï¢¶÷¢÷î£èî¢

«î£ù¢Áè¤ø¶. Ýò¤Âñ¢ èìï¢î è£ôî¢î¤ù¢ ªõø¢ø¤è¢°ñ¢ «ñô£è, ï£êñ¢

õ¤¬÷õ¤è¢°ñ¢ Þï¢«ï£¬ò êºèî¢î¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ Üèø¢ø¤ì, ¹î¤ò ºòø¢ê¤è¬÷

õ¤ì£ñô¢ «ñø¢ªè£÷¢÷ «õí¢´ñ¢.

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢ îø¢«ð£¬îò âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ ï¤¬ô¬ñ¬ò õ¤õó¤î¢îô¢

ñø¢Áñ¢ Þï¢«ï£¬ò âî¤ó¢î¢¶ «ñ½ñ¢ â´è¢è «õí¢®ò ïìõ®è¢¬èèÀè¢°

õö¤è£ì¢ìô¢ âù¢øõ£Á ðô¢«õÁ ðòù¢èÀè¢° Þð¢ ðìð¢ ¹î¢îèñ¢ àî¾ñ¢

âù¢ð«î âé¢è÷¢ ïñ¢ð¤è¢¬è.

®êñ¢ðó¢ 2005

ã.Ýó¢.ïï¢î£

ªêòô£ø¢Áñ¢ Þòè¢°ùó¢

ð£¹«ôûù¢ çªð÷í«¢ ìûù¢ Ýçð¢ Þí®¢ ò£

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

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HIV/AIDS IN TAMIL NADU

High HIV Prevalence Districts, Tamil Nadu, 2004

âê¢äõ¤ Üî¤èñ¢ ðóõ¤ò¤¼è¢°ñ¢ ñ£õì¢ìé¢è÷¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2004

With 62.4 million people as of the

2001 Census, Tamil Nadu is India’s

sixth most populous state. It is also

one of the country’s six high

HIV/AIDS-prevalence states. The

others are neighbouring Andhra

Pradesh and Karnataka, along with

Maharashtra, Manipur, and

Nagaland.

This chartbook provides a brief

description of the HIV/AIDS

situation in Tamil Nadu and the

state’s response towards the

prevention and control of the

disease. Tamil Nadu’s HIV/AIDS

prevention activities were among

India’s earliest.

The annual sentinel site

surveillance programme is the main

source of data regarding the level

of HIV infection in the state. The

state’s series of Behaviour

Surveillance Surveys (BSS) is an

important source of information on

the factors affecting the spread of

the disease and is a basis for

assessing the effectiveness of

prevention programmes.

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

Krishnagiri

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

2001-Þù¢ ñè¢èì¢ªî£¬èè¢

èíè¢ªè´ð¢¹ð¢ð® 62.4 ñ¤ô¢ô¤òù¢

ñè¢èì¢ªî£¬è»¬ìò îñ¤ö¢ï£´,

ð£óîî¢î¤ô¢ Ýø£õ¶ Þìî¢î¤ô¢

à÷¢÷¶. Þ¶«õ ï£ì¢®ù¢ âê¢äõ¤/

âò¢ì¢ú¢ Üî¤èñ¢ ðóõ¤ò ÝÁ

ñ£ï¤ôé¢è÷¤ô¢ åù¢Á. ñø¢ø¬õ

Ü¼è¤½÷¢÷ Ýï¢î¤óð¢ ð¤ó«îêºñ¢

èó¢ï£ìè£¾ñ¢, ñø¢Áñ¢ ñè£ó£û¢®ó£,

ñí¤Ìó¢, ï£è£ô£ï¢¶ñ¢ Ý°ñ¢.

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

ï¤ôõóñ¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ Üï¢«ï£¬òî¢

î´è¢è¾ñ¢ èì¢´ð¢ð´î¢î¾ñ¢ ñ£ï¤ôñ¢

«ñø¢ªè£í¢ì ºòø¢ê¤ ðø¢ø¤, Þð¢ ðìð¢

¹î¢îèñ¢ îèõô¢è¬÷ê¢ ²¼è¢è¤î¢

î¼è¤ø¶. ð£óî ñ£ï¤ôé¢è÷¤ô¢ ºîô¤ô¢

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ î´ð¢¹ê¢ ªêòô¢º¬ø

«ñø¢ªè£í¢ìõø¢ø¤ô¢ îñ¤ö¢ï£´ñ¢

åù¢Á.

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îô Ýò¢¾î¢ î¤ì¢ìñ¢î£ù¢,

Ýí¢´ Ü÷õ¤ô¢ ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¤ù¢ âê¢äõ¤

ªî£ø¢Á °ø¤î¢î îèõô¢èÀè¢° ºè¢è¤ò

Ýî£óñ£°ñ¢. ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¤ù¢

ªî£ìó¢ê¢ê¤ò£ù ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹

Ýò¢¾è÷¢ (BSS), Þï¢«ï£ò¤ù¢

õ¤ó¤¾è¢°è¢ è£óíñ£°ñ¢ ºè¢è¤ò

îèõô¢èÀè¢°ñ¢ î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¢

ðòù÷¤è¢°ñ¢ Ü÷õ¤ù¢ èíè¢è¦ì¢´è¢°ñ¢

ºè¢è¤ò Ýî£óñ¢ Ý°ñ¢.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

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MEASURING THE EXTENT OF THE EPIDEMIC

Þð¢ðó¾ «ï£ò¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¬õ Ü÷ð¢ð¶

Since India lacks complete reporting

of deaths and the occurrence of

serious diseases, the extent of HIV

infection in the country is monitored

through the sentinel site surveillance

programme. Surveillance is carried

out annually by the Tamil Nadu State

AIDS Control Society (TANSACS),

which tests for infection at

designated sentinel sites following

the methods prescribed by the

National AIDS Control Organisation

(NACO). There were 85 sentinel

sites covering all districts in 2004, up

from 79 in 2003.

Testing for infection is conducted

among populations at higher risk of

HIV, represented by patients at

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

clinics; intravenous drug users

(IVDUs) who often share needles;

female sex workers (FSWs); and

men who have sex with men

(MSMs). Populations at lower risk

are represented by women attending

antenatal clinics (ANCs). Pregnant

women attending antenatal clinics

are assumed to have the same risk

of sexual transmission of HIV as any

other low-risk group.

HIV prevalence ranged from 0.7

percent among women at ANC

clinics to 39.9 percent among IVDUs

in 2004.

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ñ£ï¤ô âò¢ì¢ú¢ èì¢´ð¢ð£´ êé¢èñ¢

ð£óîî¢î¤ô¢ ñóíñ¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ î¦õ¤ó

Percent HIV-positive at Sentinel Sites

«ï£ò¢è÷¤ù¢ ï¤èö¢¬õ Üø¤è¢¬è

Tamil Nadu, 2003 and 2004

ªêò¢õ¶ º¿¬ñò£è Þô¢ô£îî£ô¢

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ àÁî¤ò£ù êîõ¦îñ¢

ï£ì¢®ô¢ âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢ø¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¾,

îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2003 ñø¢Áñ¢ 2004

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹î¢ îô î¤í¢Ýò¢¾

î¤ì¢ìî¢î¤ù¢ Íôñ¢ èí¢è£í¤è¢èð¢

2003

2004

ð´è¤ø¶. õ¼ì£ï¢î¤ó î¤í¢Ýò¢¾,

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢´ ñ£ï¤ô âò¢ì¢ú¢ èì¢´ð¢ð£´

Number Percent

of sites positive

îôé¢è÷¢, Þ¼ð¹¢

âí¢í¤ô¢ àÁî¤,

Number

of sites

îôé¢è÷¢,

âí¢í¤ô¢

Percent

positive

Þ¼ð¹¢

êé¢èî¢î£ô¢ (ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢ ) «ñø¢ªè£÷¢÷ð¢

ð´è¤ø¶. Þ¶ «îê¤ò âò¢ì¢ú¢

èì¢´ð¢ð£´ ï¤Áõùñ¢ (ï£«è£) ÃÁñ¢

àÁî¤, õö¤º¬øè¬÷ð¢ ð¤ù¢ðø¢ø¤,

êîõ¦îñ¢

êîõ¦îñ¢ ï¤òñ¤è¢èð¢ðì¢ì èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹

Antenatal clinics

0.8

0.7

îôé¢è÷¤ô¢ ªî£ø¢Á «ï£ò¢ «ê£î¬ù

ªêò¢è¤ø¶. 2003-Þô¢ Ü¬ùî¢¶

«ðøÁ¢ ºùï¢ ¤¬ô ê¤è¤ê¬¢ ê ¬ñòéè¢ ÷¢

ñ£õì¢ìé¢è÷¤½ñ¢ 79-Ýè Þ¼ï¢î

Antenatal clinics (ages 15-24)

0.8

0.7

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¢, 2004-Þô¢ 85-

Ýè Üî¤èó¤î¢¶÷¢÷ù.

«ðøÁ¢ ºùï¢ ¤¬ô ê¤è¤ê¬¢ ê ¬ñòéè¢ ÷¢

(õò¶ 15-24)

STD clinics

ð£ôõ¢ ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ ê¤è¤ê¬¢ ê ¬ñòéè¢ ÷¢

Female sex workers

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ø¢ ªðí¢è÷¢

IVDUs

ê¤¬óï£÷ õö¤ò¤ô¢ «ð£¬î ãø¢Á«õ£ó¢

MSMs

Ýíè¢ Àìù¢ ð£½ø¾ ªè£÷À ¢ ñ¢ Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Tuberculosis site

è£ê «ï£ò¢ îôéè¢ ÷¢

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

9.2

8.8

63.8

4.4

âê¢äõ¤ Üð£òè¢ÃÁ Üî¤èº÷¢÷

8.4

ð¤ù¢èí¢ì õ¬è ñè¢è÷¤¬ì«ò «ï£ò¢î¢

ªî£ø¢Á «ê£î¬ù ªêò¢òð¢ð´è¤ø¶:

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê

4.0

¬ñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ Þ¼è¢°ñ¢ «ï£ò£÷¤è÷¢;

Ü®è¢è® áê¤ ñ£ø¢ø¤ ê¤¬óï£÷

õö¤ò¤ô¢ «ð£¬î ãø¢Á«õ£ó¢; ð£ô¤òô¢

39.9

ªî£ö¤ø¢ ªðí¢è÷¢; ñø¢Áñ¢ Ýí¢èÀìù¢

ð£½ø¾ ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ Ýí¢è÷¢. «ðø¢Á

ºù¢ï¤¬ô ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢èÀè¢° õ¼ñ¢

6.8

ªðí¢è÷¢, °¬øõ£ù Üð£òè¢ÃÁ

à÷¢÷ ñè¢è÷¢ õ¬èò£èè¢

è¼îð¢ð´è¤ù¢øùó¢. ñø¢ø âï¢î °¬øï¢î

6.9

Üð£òè¢ÃÁ õ¬èè¬÷ð¢ «ð£ô,

ð£½ø¾ Íôñ¢ ªî£ø¢Áñ¢ âê¢äõ¤

Üð£òè¢ÃÁ, Þè¢èó¢ð¢ð¤í¤ð¢

ªðí¢èÀè¢°ñ¢ êññ£è à÷¢÷î£èè¢

è¼îð¢ð´è¤ø¶.

2004-Þô¢, «ðø¢Á ºù¢ï¤¬ô ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê

¬ñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ à÷¢÷ ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò

0.7 êîõ¦îñ¢ âù¢ðî¤ô¤¼ï¢¶, ê¤¬óï£÷

õö¤ò¤ô¢ «ð£¬î ãø¢Á«õ£ó¤¬ì«ò

39.9 êîõ¦îñ¢ âù¢ð¶ õ¬óò¤ô£è

âê¢äõ¤ ðóõô¢ Þ¼ï¢î¶.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

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MEASURING THE EXTENT OF THE EPIDEMIC

Þð¢ðó¾ «ï£ò¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¬õ Ü÷ð¢ð¶

When 5 or more percent of a

high-risk group, such as STD

patients, test positive, the state in

which the group is located is

considered to have a concentrated

or medium prevalence HIV

epidemic. This is because people

who have a sexually transmitted

disease (STD) are much more likely

to contract HIV. Prevalence among

STD patients in Tamil Nadu has

been well above 5 percent for at

least the past seven years.

When 1 percent or more of the

low-risk group—women attending

antenatal clinics—test positive for

HIV, the state is considered to have

a generalized or high prevalence

HIV epidemic. It is assumed that

the majority of women treated at

antenatal care clinics are not likely

to have engaged in risky sexual

behaviour. Therefore, high

prevalence rates of HIV infection in

this group indicate that HIV has

spread into the sexually active

general population. HIV infection

levels were 1 percent or higher

among these women in Tamil Nadu

from 1998 to 2001. In recent years,

the percentage positive has shown

an encouraging downward trend.

Percent of STD Patients at Sentinel Sites Testing Positive for HIV

Tamil Nadu, 1998 - 2004

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢ ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò£÷¤è÷¤¬ì«ò âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ êîõ¦îñ¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 1998 - 2004

16.8

14.7

12.3

10.4

9.6

9.2

8.4

1998

1999

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Percent of Pregnant Women at ANC Sentinel Sites Testing Positive

for HIV, Tamil Nadu, 1998 - 2004

ãâù¢ê¤ èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢, è¼¾ø¢ø-ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ êîõ¦îñ¢,

îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 1998 - 2004

1.0

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò£÷¤è÷¢ «ð£ù¢ø

âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Á Üî¤èñ¢ ê£î¢î¤òº÷¢÷

ªî£°ð¢¹è÷¤ô¢, âê¢äõ¤ò¤ù¢ Þ¼ð¢¹5

êîõ¦îñ¢ Üô¢ô¶ Üîø¢° «ñô¢ âù

Ýò¢õ¤ô¢ àÁî¤ò£ù£ô¢, Üî¢î¬èò

ªî£°ð¢¹ à÷¢÷ ñ£ï¤ôñ¢,

Üìó¢î¢î¤ò£è Üô¢ô¶ ñ¤îñ£è âê¢äõ¤

«ï£ò¢ ðó¾ñ¢ Þìñ£èè¢ è¼îð¢ð´ñ¢.

ãªùù¤ô¢, ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù

«ï£ò£÷¤èÀè¢° âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢ø¤ù¢

ê£î¢î¤òñ¢ Üî¤èñ£°ñ¢. °¬øï¢î ðì¢êñ¢

èìï¢î ãö£í¢´è÷£è, îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò£÷¤è÷¤ô¢,

Þî¢ªî£ø¢Á 5 êîõ¦îî¢î¤ø¢°ñ¢

ñ¤°î¤ò£ù¶.

ªî£ø¢ø¤ù¢ ê£î¢î¤òñ¢ °¬øõ£»÷¢÷

ªî£°î¤è÷¤ô,¢ Üî£õ¶ «ðø¢Á

ºù¢ï¤¬ô ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢èÀè¢°

õ¼ñ¢ ªðíè¢ ÷¢ «ð£ù¢øõøø¢ ¤ô¢, 1

êîõ¦îñ¢ Üô¢ô¶ Üîø¢° «ñô¢ âù

âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ Ýò¢õ¤ô¢ àÁî¤ò£ù£ô¢,

Üñ¢ñ£ï¤ôñ¢ ªð£¶õ£è Üôô¢ ¶

õ¤ó¤õ£è âê¢äõ¤ «ï£ò¢ ðó¾ñ¢

Þìñ£èè¢ è¼îð¢ð´ñ¢. «ðø¢Áºù¢

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ ñ¼î¢¶õñ¢

ªðÁñ¢ ªðí¢è÷¤ô¢ ªð¼ñ¢ð£«ô£¬ó,

Üð£òè¢ÃÁ õ¬è ïìî¢¬î

ªè£í¢ìõó¢è÷£èè¢ è¼¶õîø¢è¤ô¢¬ô.

âù«õ, Þî¢ªî£°ð¢¹è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤

ªî£ø¢ø¤ù¢ Üî¤èð¢ ðóõô¢ õ¤è¤îñ¢

Þ¼ð¢ð¶, ð£ô¤òô¤ô¢ º¬ùï¶¢

ß´ð´ñ¢ ªð£¶ñè¢è÷¤¬ì«ò âê¢äõ¤

ðóõ¤»÷÷¢ ¬î«ò ²ì®¢ è¢ è£ì´¢ è¤ø¶.

1998 ºîô¢ 2001 õ¬ó, îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢

Þñ¢ñè÷¤ó¢ ªî£°ð¢¹è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤

ªî£ø¢ø¤ù¢ Ü÷¾ 1 êîõ¦îñ¢ Üô¢ô¶

Üîø¢° Üî¤èñ¢ Þ¼ï¢î¶. êñ¦ð

Ýí¢´è÷¤ô¢, Þ¼ð¢¹ êîõ¦îñ¢, ÝÁîô¢

Ü÷¤è¢°ñ¢ õ¬èò¤ô¢, °¬ø»ñ¢ «ð£è¢°

ªè£í´¢ ÷÷¢ ¶.

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

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MEASURING THE EXTENT OF THE EPIDEMIC

Þð¢ðó¾ «ï£ò¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¬õ Ü÷ð¢ð¶

Percent of STD Patients at Sentinel Sites Testing Positive for HIV,

by Education, Tamil Nadu, 2004

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢ ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò£÷¤è÷¤¬ì«ò âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ êîõ¦îñ¢,

èô¢õ¤òø¤¾ õ¬èò£è, îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2004

Illiterate

15.1

Illiteracy presents serious obstacles

to HIV prevention programmes.

The rate of HIV infection among

illiterate STD patients tested at

sentinel sites was 15.1 percent,

while it was 5.4 percent among

graduates. Special efforts are

needed to reach those who are

illiterate.

Literate till 5th

Literate till 12th

Graduate and above

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

13.6

10.5

5.4

Husbands who visit sex workers

can act as a “bridge,” infecting their

wives with HIV. This is one way in

Percent of Pregnant Women at ANC Sentinel Sites Testing Positive

for HIV, by Husband's Occupation, Tamil Nadu, 2004

ãâù¢ú¤ èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢, è¼¾ø¢ø-ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹

êîõ¦îñ¢, èíõó¢è÷¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ õ¬èò£è, îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2004

which the epidemic spreads to the

general population. While all

women can be affected, those

whose husbands are away from

home for extended periods or who

Hotel staff

æì¢ìô¢ ðí¤ò£÷ó¢

Truck/auto/taxi driver

ô£ó¤ Ýì¢«ì£ ì£è¢ê¤ æì¢´ùó¢

1.7

1.4

have contact with many others

are more likely to be at risk.

Business

õ¤ò£ð£óñ¢

1.3

HIV-positive wives can also pass

the infection to their unborn

children during pregnancy,

delivery, or breastfeeding.

Agriculture/unskilled

«õ÷£í¢¬ñ/ªî£ö¤ø¢ î¤øñø¢«ø£ó¢

Service

ðí¤è÷¤ô¢ à÷¢«÷£ó¢

Industry/factory worker

ªî£ö¤ô¢/ ªî£ö¤ô£÷ó¢

0.8

0.7

0.4

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

èô¢õ¤òø¤¾ Þô¢ô£¬ñ âê¢äõ¤

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ìé¢èÀè¢°ð¢ ªðó¤ò

î¬ìò£è¤ù¢ø¶. èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹

îôé¢è÷¤ô¢, èô¢õ¤òø¤õ¤ô¢ô£î

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò£÷¤è÷¤¬ì«ò

âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢ø¤ù¢ õ¤è¤îñ¢ 15.1

êîõ¦îñ£è Þ¼ï¢î¶.

ðì¢ìî£ó¤è÷¤¬ì«ò Ü¶ 5.4

êîõ¦îñ£è Þ¼ï¢î¶. èô¢õ¤òø¤¾

Þô¢ô£«î£¼è¢ªèù, Þõ¢õ¤êòî¢î¤ô¢

ê¤øð¢¹ ºòø¢ê¤è÷¢ «î¬õò£è¤ù¢øù.

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ ªè£í¢«ì£¬ó

ï£´ñ¢ èíõó¢è÷¢, îé¢è÷¢

ñ¬ùõ¤òó¤ù¢ âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Áè¢°,

Þ¬íð¢¹ð¢ ð£ôñ¢ «ð£ô£è¤ø£ó¢è÷¢.

Þ¶ ªð£¶ ñè¢è÷¤¬ì«ò Þï¢«ï£¬òð¢

ðóð¢¹ñ¢ õö¤è÷¤ô¢ åù¢ø£°ñ¢. âï¢î

ñ¬ùõ¤è¢°ñ¢ ªî£ø¢Á «ïóô£ñ¢

âù¤Âñ¢, ªõ°è£ôñ¢ ªõ÷¤ò¤ô¢

Þ¼è¢°ñ¢ Üô¢ô¶ ðô¼ìù¢ ªî£ìó¢¹

ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ èíõó¢è÷£ô¢,

ñ¬ùõ¤ò¼è¢° Üî¤è Üð£òñ¢

«ïó¢è¤ø¶. âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹àÁî¤ò£ù

ñ¬ùõ¤òó¢, è¼î¢îó¤î¢î¶

Þ¼è¢¬èò¤½ñ¢ ð¤øð¢ð÷¤è¢¬èò¤½ñ¢

ñø¢Áñ¢ î£ò¢ð¢ð£ô¢ áì¢´¬èò¤½ñ¢,

îé¢è÷¢ °öï¢¬îèÀè¢° Þï¢«ï£ò¢î¢

ªî£ø¢Á îó Þò½ñ¢.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

1.9 Page 9

▲back to top

MEASURING THE EXTENT OF THE EPIDEMIC

Þð¢ðó¾ «ï£ò¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¬õ Ü÷ð¢ð¶

Results from ten sentinel sites in

existence from 2001 to 2003

suggest that there have been

dramatic changes in HIV

prevalence by age among ANC

attendees. Among women over the

age of 30, the rate fell from 2.9

percent HIV-positive in 2001 to

0.8 in 2003. For women below 20,

there was an increase from 0.2

percent to 1.3, while that of women

20-29 was largely unchanged. This

trend shows that intensified efforts

to inform younger women about the

threat of HIV are essential.

In the five STD clinics where

sentinel site testing was conducted

from 2001, a disturbing trend is

observed. The proportion of

patients testing positive at these

sites has risen or remained

relatively constant since that year.

This may result from increasing

urbanization and the anonymity that

it can bring to individuals who

engage in high-risk behaviour.

* Chennai, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dindigul,

Madurai, Namakkal, Pudukkottai, Salem,

Tirunelveli, and Vellore

Percent of Pregnant Women at 10 ANC Sentinel Sites* Testing

Positive for HIV by Age, Tamil Nadu, 2001 - 2003

10 ãâù¢ú¤ èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢*, è¼¾ø¢ø-ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò õò¶ õ£ó¤ò£è

âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ êîõ¦îñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2001 - 2003

2.9

2001

2002

2003

1.3

0.8

0.2

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

Below 20

20-è°¢ è¢ è¦«ö

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

20-29

30-44

Percent of Patients at STD Clinics Testing Positive for HIV

Tamil Nadu, 2001 - 2004

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢è÷¤ù¢ «ï£ò£÷¤èÀ÷¢ âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ êîõ¦îñ¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2001 - 2004

30.4

24.8

22.0

15.6

15.2

11.2

9.6

8.8

4.0

1.3

2001

Chennai

ªêù¢¬ù

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

4.4

2002

Madurai

ñ¶¬ó

Tiruchirapalli

î¤¼ê¢ê¤ó£ð¢ð÷¢÷¤

21.6

20.8

14.4

20.4

14.8

7.2

8.0

5.2

2003

Thanjavur

îë¢ê£×ó¢

2004

Ramanathapuram

ó£ñï£î¹óñ¢

ðî¢¶ èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢ 2001

ºîô¢ 2003 õ¬óò¤ô£è Üø¤òð¢ðì¢ì

õ¤¬÷¾è¬÷, ãâù¢ú¤-è¢°

õ¼«õ£ó¢è÷¤ù¢ õò¶ õ£ó¤ò£èð¢

ð¤ó¤î¢¶ «ï£è¢°¬èò¤ô¢, âê¢äõ¤

ðóð¢ð¤ô¢ ï¤èö¢ï¢î ñ£Áîô¢è÷¢

ªî÷¤õ£ò¢î¢ ªîó¤è¤ù¢øù. 30 õò¶è¢°

Üî¤èñ£ù ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò, âê¢äõ¤

Þ¼ð¢¹ 2001-Þô¢ Þ¼ï¢î 2.9

êîõ¦îî¢î¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ 2003-Þô¢ 0.8

êîõ¦îñ£è Þøé¢è¤ò¶. 20 õò¶è¢°è¢

°¬øï¢î ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò, 0.2

êîõ¦îî¢î¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ 1.3 Ýè Ü¶

àòó¢ï¢î¶. 20-29 õò¶ð¢

ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò Ü¶ ªð¼ñ¢ð£½ñ¢

ñ£ø£ Ü÷õ¤ô¢ Þ¼ï¢î¶. Þî¢î¬èò

«ð£è¢° Þ÷ñ¢ ñè÷¤¼è¢° âê¢äõ¤

Üð£òñ¢ °ø¤î¢î õ¤õóñ÷¤ð¢ð¤ø¢°,

î¦õ¤ó ºòø¢ê¤ ªêò¢ò «õí¢´õîù¢

«î¬õ¬òè¢ è£ì¢´è¤ø¶.

2001 ºîô£è, äï¢¶ ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹

îôñ¢ «ñø¢ªè£í¢ì «ê£î¬ùè÷£ô¢,

å¼ èõ¬ôè¢°ó¤ò «ð£è¢¬è Üø¤òô£ñ¢.

Üõ¢õ£í¢´ ºîô£è, Þî¢îôé¢è÷¤ù¢

«ê£î¬ùè÷¤ô¢ ªîó¤ò õï¢î ªî£ø¢Á

Þ¼ð¢¹ êîõ¦îñ¢ Üî¤èó¤î¢¶÷¢÷¶

Üô¢ô¶ ñ£ø£ï¤¬ôò¤ô¢ à÷¢÷¶. ïèó

õ£ö¢è¢¬è º¬ø Üî¤èó¤î¢¶ õ¼õ¶ñ¢,

Þîù£ô¢ Üî¤è Üð£òè¢ÃÁ ïìî¢¬î

à÷¢÷ ïðó¢èÀè¢° Ü¶

Ü¬ìò£÷ñ¤ù¢¬ñ Ü÷¤ð¢ð¶ñ¢

Þð¢«ð£è¢è¤ø¢°è¢ è£óíñ£ ò¤¼è¢èô£ñ¢.

* ªêù¢¬ù, «è£òñ¢¹î¢Éó¢, èìÖó¢,

î¤í¢´è¢èô¢, ñ¶¬ó, ï£ñè¢èô¢, ¹¶è¢«è£ì¢¬ì,

«êôñ¢, î¤¼ªïô¢«õô¤, ñø¢Áñ¢ «õÖó¢

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

1.10 Page 10

▲back to top

MEASURING THE EXTENT OF THE EPIDEMIC

Þð¢ðó¾ «ï£ò¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¬õ Ü÷ð¢ð¶

Among ANC attendees, testing at

government hospitals and clinics

provides a reasonable estimate of

HIV prevalence, given that nearly

95 percent of pregnant women in

Tamil Nadu attend antenatal clinics.

The presence of HIV infection in

this group is an indicator that the

disease has moved into the

general population.

At the state level, HIV prevalence

among ANC women in urban areas

ranged from 0.0 (Chennai) to

2.5 (Karur and Namakkal). In rural

areas, prevalence ranged from

0.0 (Thiruvarur) to 3.7 (Madurai).

HIV in the General Population:

Percent of Pregnant Women at ANC Sentinel Sites Who Tested

Positive for HIV, Tamil Nadu, 2004

ªð£¶ ñè¢è÷¤¬ì«ò âê¢äõ¤¢:

ãâù¢ú¤ èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢, è¼¾ø¢ø-ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹

êîõ¦îñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2004

District

Chennai

Coimbatore

Cuddalore

Dharmapuri

Dindigul

Erode

Kancheepuram

Kaniyakumari

Karur

Krishnagiri

Madurai

Nagapattinam

Namakkal

Perambalur

Pudukkottai

Ramanathapuram

Salem

Sivaganga

Thanjavur

Theni

The Nilgiris

Thiruvallur

Thiruvarur

Thoothukkudi

Tiruchirappalli

Tirunelveli

Tiruvannamalai

Vellore

Villuppuram

Virudhunagar

ñ£õì¢ìñ

ªêù¢¬ù

«è£òñ¢¹î¢Éó¢

èìÖó¢

îó¢ñ¹ó¤

î¤í¢´è¢èô¢

ß«ó£´

è£ë¢ê¦¹óñ¢

èù¢ò£°ñó¤

èÏó¢

è¤¼û¢íè¤ó¤

ñ¶¬ó

ï£èð¢ðì¢®íñ¢

ï£ñè¢èô¢

ªðóñ¢ðÖó¢

¹¶è¢«è£ì¢¬ì

ó£ñï£î¹óñ¢

«êôñ¢

ê¤õèé¢¬è

îë¢ê£×ó¢

«îù¤

ï¦ôè¤ó¤

î¤¼õ÷¢Ùó¢

î¤¼õ£Ïó¢

Éî¢¶è¢°®

î¤¼ê¢ê¤ó£ð¢ð÷¢÷¤

î¤¼ªïô¢«õô¤

î¤¼õí¢í£ñ¬ô

«õÖó¢

õ¤¿ð¢¹óñ¢

õ¤¼¶ïèó¢

Urban

ïèóé¢è÷¤ô

0.0

0.5

0.0

1.0

0.8

0.0

1.0

2.5

1.3

0.3

0.5

2.5

1.3

0.8

2.0

0.5

0.8

1.8

0.5

0.3

0.5

1.3

0.8

1.8

1.0

0.5

0.3

Rural

è¤ó£ñé

è÷¤ô

0.8

0.5

0.8

0.5

0.3

3.3

1.2

3.7

0.5

0.8

1.0

0.5

1.3

1.8

0.5

1.3

0.8

0.0

1.0

0.5

0.3

0.5

1.3

0.3

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢ì÷õ¤ô¢, èó¢ð¢ð¤í¤ð¢

ªðí¢è÷¤ô¢ 95 êîõ¦îñ¢ «ðó¢è÷¢

«ðø¢Áè¢° ºù¢ ñ¼î¢¶õñ¢

ªðÁè¤ù¢øùó¢. Þîù£ô¢, «ðø¢Á

ºù¢ï¤¬ô ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢èÀè¢°

õ¼ðõó¢è÷¤¬ì«ò Üó²

ñ¼î¢¶õñ¬ùè÷¤½ñ¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê

¬ñòé¢è÷¤½ñ¢ ïìî¢îð¢ð´ñ¢

«ê£î¬ùè÷¢, Þî¢ªî£°ð¢ð¤ùó¤¬ì«ò

âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢ð¤ù¢ ãø¢èî¢îè¢è

ñî¤ð¢ð¦ì¢¬ì Ü÷¤è¢è¤ù¢øù. âê¢äõ¤

ªî£ø¢Á Þî¢ªî£°ð¢ð¤ùó¤¬ì«ò

Þ¼ð¢ð¶, ªð£¶ñè¢è÷¤¬ì«ò

Þï¢«ï£ò¢ ªêù¢Á÷¢÷¶ âù¢ð¬îè¢

è£ì¢´è¤ø¶.

ñ£ï¤ô Ü÷õ¤ô¢, ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ù¢

ãâù¢ú¤ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢ ªðí¢è÷¤¬ì«ò

âê¢äõ¤ ðóõô¢ (ªêù¢¬ùò¤ù¢) 0.0-

ô¤¼ï¢¶ (èÏó¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ ï£ñè¢èô¢ô¤ù¢) 2.5

õ¬óò¤ô£è Þ¼ï¢î¶. è¤ó£ñð¢

¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ Þð¢ðóõô¢ (î¤¼õ£Ïó¤ù¢)

0.0-ô¤¼ï¢¶ (ñ¶¬óò¤ù¢) 3.7

õ¬óò¤ô£è Þ¼ï¢î¶.

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2 Pages 11-20

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2.1 Page 11

▲back to top

RAISING AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS

âê¢äõ¤/ âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤ ¹ó¤ï¢¶íó¢¬õ Üî¤èó¤î¢îô¢

Knowledge of HIV and the ways in

which it can be avoided is nearly

universal in Tamil Nadu. The

information activities of TANSACS,

AIDS Prevention and Control

Project-Voluntary Health Services

(APAC-VHS), and local NGOs have

succeeded in raising awareness in

the state to a high level. Behaviour

Surveillance Surveys (BSS)

conducted by APAC-VHS in urban

areas have measured knowledge of

HIV/AIDS and related behaviours

since 1996.

“A healthy person does not get

infected by HIV/AIDS” and “AIDS

can be cured these days” are

examples of attitudes expressed by

truckers and helpers in focus group

discussions held during the BSS.

News reports about AIDS treatment

may lead to the impression that

AIDS has become a curable

disease. Misconceptions regarding

HIV/AIDS remain in Tamil Nadu,

but the BSS suggests that the

proportion of the population without

them is rising.

Percent Knowing Two Acceptable Ways to Prevent HIV

Urban Tamil Nadu, 2000 - 2004

âê¢äõ¤ îõ¤ø¢ðîø¢è£ù ãø¢èî¢îè¢è Þ¼ õö¤è÷¢ Üø¤ï¢îõó¢ êîõ¦îñ¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2000-2004

99 98 97

98 97 97

93 93

99 99 98

Truckers and

helpers

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢,

àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢

Male youth

in slums

Men who have

sex with men

Male factory

workers

°®¬êð¢ ð°î¤ Ýíè¢ Àìù¢ àì½ø¾ ªî£ö¤øê¢ £¬ô «õ¬ô

Ýí¢ Þ¬÷ëó¢ ªè£÷À ¢ ñ¢ Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Ýí¢è÷¢

2000-2002

2001-2003

2002-2004

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

Percent with Knowledge of HIV Prevention without Misconceptions

Urban Tamil Nadu, 1996 - 2004

âê¢äõ¤ î´ð¢¹ ðø¢ø¤ îõø£ù è¼î¢¶è¢è÷ø¢ø Üø¤¾

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 1996-2004

1996-1998 1997-1999 1998-2000 1999-2001 2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004

Truckers and helpers

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢, àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢

Male youth in slums

°®¬êð¢ ð°î¤ Ýí¢

Þ¬÷ëó¢

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

Men who have sex with men

Ýí¢èÀìù¢ àì½ø¾ ªè£÷¢Àñ¢

Ýí¢è÷¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢ âê¢äõ¤ ðø¢ø¤ò Üø¤¾ñ¢

Üî¬ù õ¤ôè¢°ñ¢ õö¤èÀñ¢

ªð¼ñ¢ð£ô£è Ü¬ùõ¼è¢°ñ¢

ªîó¤ï¢î¬õ. ì£ù¢ú£è¢ú¢, âò¢ì¢ú¢

î´ð¢¹ ñø¢Áñ¢ èì¢´ð¢ð£´ î¤ì¢ìñ¢ -

îù¢ù£ó¢õ ²è£î£ó «ê¬õè÷¢

(ãð¤ãê¤-õ¤âê¢âú¢) ñø¢Áñ¢ à÷¢Ùó¢

Üó² ê£ó£ Ü¬ñð¢¹è÷¤ù¢

õ¤õóñ÷¤ð¢¹ê¢ ªêòô¢è÷¢, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¤ô¢

Þõ¢õ¤õó Üø¤¬õ ïù¢° àòó¢î¢¶õî¤ô¢

ªõø¢ø¤ ªðø¢Á÷¢÷ù. ãð¤ãê¤-

õ¤âê¢âú¢ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢

«ñø¢ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹

Ýò¢¾è÷¢ (ð¤âú¢âú¢), âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

ðø¢ø¤ò Üø¤¬õ»ñ¢, ñø¢Áñ¢ Þ¶

êñ¢ðï¢îð¢ðì¢ì ïìî¢¬î¬ò»ñ¢, 1996

ºîô£è Ü÷ï¢¶ õï¢¶÷¢÷ù.

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢è÷¢ ñø¢Áñ¢

àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢è÷¢ ÃÁñ¢ Ý«ó£è¢è¤òñ¢

à÷¢÷ ïðó¢è÷¤ìñ¢ âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Á

«ï¼õî¤ô¢¬ô, âò¢ì¢ú¢ «ï£ò¢

Þï¢ï£ì¢è÷¤ô¢ °íð¢ð´î¢îè¢ Ã®ò«î

«ð£ù¢ø¬õè÷¢, Üõó¢è÷¤ù¢

ñùð¢ð£é¢°è¢° â´î¢¶è¢ è£ì¢´è÷¢.

Þ¬õ, ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹

Ýò¢¾è÷¤ù¢ èõùî¢î¤ø¢è£ù °¿

à¬óò£ìô¢è÷¤ô¢ ªõ÷¤õï¢î¬õ.

âò¢ì¢ú¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ðø¢ø¤ò

ªêò¢î¤òø¤è¢¬èè÷¢, Ü¶

°íð¢ð´î¢îè¢Ã®ò «ï£ò£è¤ õ¤ì¢ì¶

âù¢ø âí¢íî¢¬î «ñ«ô£é¢èê¢

ªêò¢òô£ñ¢. îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/

âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤ò îõø£ù è¼î¢¶è÷¢

Þù¢Âñ¢ Þ¼ï¢¶ õ¼è¤ù¢øù. Ýù£ô¢

îõø£ù è¼î¢¶è¢è÷ø¢ø ñè¢è÷¢

êîõ¦îñ¢ àòó¢ï¢îõ£Á à÷¢÷¶

âù¢ð¬î»ñ¢, ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹

Ýò¢¾è÷¢ ªîó¤õ¤è¢è¤ù¢øù.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2.2 Page 12

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COMMERCIAL SEX WORK IN URBAN TAMIL NADU

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢

Commercial Sex Workers by Type, Tamil Nadu, 2003

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ - õ¬èº¬øò£è, îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2003

Commercial sex workers (CSWs)

and their clients are among the most

at-risk of HIV. The vast majority of

sex workers are not brothel-based

but practice their trade in streets or

privately in their homes to avoid the

police and social disapproval.

Commercial sex is an age-old

profession in Tamil Nadu. It has

been closely associated with

religious practices and was

institutionalized in the Devadasi

system. The sex trade is not

organized as it is in Maharashtra or

West Bengal, but is hidden within

the community.

Child prostitute

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ ê¤Áñ¤è÷¢

Lodge-based

îé°¢ ñ¤ìéè¢ ÷¢ Ü®ðð¢ ¬ìò¤ô¢

Home-based

õ¦ì®¢ ù¢ Ü®ðð¢ ¬ìò¤ô¢

24%

Street-based

ªî¼õ¤ù¢ Ü®ðð¢ ¬ìò¤ô¢

61%

Brothel-based

õ¤ðê£ó õ¤´î¤ Ü®ðð¢ ¬ìò¤ô¢

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

Characteristics of Female Commercial Sex Workers

Urban Tamil Nadu, 2004

ªðí¢ õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ù¢ Þòô¢¹è÷¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2004

The average age of CSWs is about

33 years, according to the BSS.

Nearly two-thirds are engaged in sex

work full-time. On average,

2.7 clients were entertained on the

last working day and CSWs worked

an average of 17 days in the past

month. Just under half are married

and living with their husbands or

partners.

Average Age

êó£êó¤ õò¶

Works full-time in sex trade (%)

º¿«ïó ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ ¹ó¤«õ£ó ¢ (%)¢

Average clients on last working day

è¬ìê¤ «õ¬ô ï£÷ù¢Á êó£êó¤ õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢

Average number of working days in the past month

«ð£ù ñ£îî¢î¤ô¢ êó£êó¤ «õ¬ô ï£÷¢è÷¢

Average personal monthly income (Rs.)

êó£êó¤ ñ£î îù¤ïðó¢ õ¼ñ£ùñ¢ (¼ð£ò¢)

Ever married (%)

î¤¼ñíñ¢ Ýùõó¢è÷¢ (%)

Lives with spouse or partner (%)

èíõ¼ìù¢ Üô¢ô¶ å¼ ðé¢è£÷¼ìù¢ õê¤ð¢ðõó¢ ¢ (%)

Plies trade in other town or city (%)

ð¤ø áó¢ Üô¢ô¶ ïèóé¢è÷¤½ñ¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ ¹ó¤«õ£ó¢ (%)

33.2

62.1

2.7

2,100

20.1

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

âê¢äõ¤ Üð£òè¢ÃÁ ñ¤èÜî¤èñ¢

à÷¢÷õó¢è÷¤ô¢, õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤èÀñ¢ Üõó¢è÷¤ù¢

õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢èÀñ¢ Üìé¢°õó¢.

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ô¢

ªð¼ñ¢ð£«ô£ó¢ õ¤ðê£óõ¤´î¤

Ü®ð¢ð¬ìò¤ô¢ Þ¼ð¢ðî¤ô¢¬ô; è£õôó¢

ñø¢Áñ¢ êÍè ãø¢ð¤ù¢¬ñ îõ¤ó¢è¢è,

Üõó¢è÷¢ îù¤ò£è õ¦´è÷¤½ñ¢

ªî¼è¢è÷¤½ñ¢ îñ¢ ªî£ö¤¬ô

«ñø¢ªè£÷¢è¤ù¢øùó¢. õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢ ªî£ù¢Á ªî£ì¢´ õ¼ñ¢

å¼ ªî£ö¤ô¢. ñî õö¤º¬øò£ò¢

Þ¬öï¢î¤¼ï¢î Ü¶, «îõî£ê¤

º¬øò¤ô¢ î£ðùñ£ò¢ ï¤Áõ¤ õï¢î¶.

ñè£ó£û¢®ó£, «ñø¢°

õé¢è£÷é¢è÷¤½÷¢÷ å¼é¢è¤¬íï¢î

Ü¬ñð¢¹ «ð£ôù¢ø¤, Þê¢êºî£òî¢î¤ô¢

Þî¢ªî£ö¤ô¢ ñ¬øï¢¶ ïìï¢îõ£Á

à÷¢÷¶.

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¤ù¢ð®

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤ò¤ù¢

êó£êó¤ õò¶ ²ñ£ó¢ 33. ãøè¢°¬øò

Íù¢ø¤ô¢ Þóí¢´ ðé¢è¤ùó¢ º¿«ïó

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¤ô¢ ß´ðì¢ìõó¢è÷¢.

è¬ìê¤ «õ¬ô ï£÷ù¢Á êó£êó¤ 2.7

õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢è÷¢ õ¼¬è ¹ó¤ï¢îùó¢.

Þî¢ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ «ð£ù ñ£îî¢î¤ô¢

êó£êó¤ò£è 17 ï£÷¢è÷¢ «õ¬ô

ªêò¢îùó¢. Þî¢ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ô¢,

ð£î¤è¢°ê¢ êø¢Áè¢ °¬øõ£«ù£ó¢

ñíñ£ùõó¢è÷¢, ñø¢Áñ¢ îñ¢

èíõÂì«ù£ Üô¢ô¶

àìù¢õ£ö¢ðõ¼ì«ù£ Þ¼ð¢ðõó¢è÷¢.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2.3 Page 13

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COMMERCIAL SEX WORK IN URBAN TAMIL NADU

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢

Percent of CSWs Using a Condom, by Type of Partner

Urban Tamil Nadu, 1996 - 2004

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ ªè£÷¢«õ£ó¢ êîõ¦îñ¢, ðé¢è£÷ó¢ õ¬èò£ò¢,

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 1996-2004

According to the BSS, there has

been a consistent increase in the use

of condoms by CSWs among all

88 87

87 84

clients, rising to nearly 90 percent.

Even among regular clients, who are

more trusted, usage rates are now

equally high. During the 2004 BSS,

when researchers posing as “mystery

clients” refused condom use, 95

percent of CSWs insisted upon it.

This was up from 78 percent in the

1996-1998 1997-1999 1998-2000 1999-2001 2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004

2002 survey. However, usage with

their regular partners has been

All clients

Regular clients

âô¢ô£

õöè¢èñ£ù

õ£®è¢¬èèÀìù¢ õ£®è¬¢ èèÀìù¢

Regular partner

õöè¢èñ£ù

ðé¢è£÷¼ìù¢

persistently low.

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

There has been a sharp rise in the

proportion of CSWs who voluntarily

purchase condoms. Some CSWs

report an increased willingness to

use a condom as a result of media

campaigns such as that featuring the

character “Pulli Raja.” This highlights

the growing awareness of the

importance of condom use. From

only about 15 percent in 1996-1998,

the proportion rose to 76 percent by

2002-2004.

Percent of CSWs Procuring Condoms Voluntarily

Urban Tamil Nadu, 1996 - 2004

îù¢õ¤¼ð¢ð£ò¢ Ýµ¬ø õ£é¢°ñ¢ ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ êîõ¦îñ¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 1996-2004

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¤ù¢ð®,

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ù¢

õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢è÷¤¬ì«ò, Ýµ¬øð¢

ðòù¢ð£´ ªî£ìó¢ï¢¶ Üî¤èó¤î¢¶ 90

êîõ¦î Ü÷¾è¢° àòó¢ï¢¶÷¢÷¶. Üî¤è

ïñ¢ðèñ£ù õöè¢è

õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢è÷¤ìºñ¢

Þð¢ðòù¢ð£´ Ü«î Üî¤è Ü÷õ¤ô¢

à÷¢÷¶. 2004-Þù¢ ïìî¢¬î

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢õ¤ô¢, Ýò¢õ£÷ó¢è÷¢

«ð£ô¤ò£è Þóèê¤ò

õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢è÷£èê¢ ªêù¢Á

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£ì¢¬ì ñÁî¢î

«ð£¶ñ¢, 95 êîõ¦î õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ Üîø¢°è¢ èì¢ì£òð¢

ð´î¢î¤ùó¢. Þ¶ 2002-Þù¢ Ýò¢õ¤ù¢ 78

êîõ¦îî¢î¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ àòó¢ï¢î¤¼è¢è¤ø¶.

Ýò¤Âñ¢ àìù¢õê¤ð¢¹ ïð¼ìù¢

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ ªî£ìó¢ï¢¶

°¬øõ£è«õ à÷¢÷¶.

î£ù£è«õ Ýµ¬øè÷¢ õ£é¢°ñ¢

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ù¢

õ¤è¤îºñ¢ ªî÷¤õ£è

Üî¤èó¤î¢¶÷¢÷¶. áìèî¢î¤ù¢ Ü÷¤ð¢¹

º¬øò£½ñ¢, ¹÷¢÷¤ ó£ü£ âù¢ø

ð£î¢î¤óñ¢ «ð£ù¢ø¬õò£½ñ¢,

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£ì¢®ù¢ ãø¢¹

Üî¤èó¤î¢¶÷¢÷¬î ê¤ô õí¤è

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

ªîó¤õ¤è¢è¤ù¢øùó¢. Ýµ¬øð¢

ðòù¢ð£ì¢®ù¢ ºè¢è¤òî¢¶õî¢î¤ù¢

Üî¤èó¤ð¢¬ð Þ¶ è£ì¢´è¤ø¶. 1996-

1998-Þô¢ ²ñ£ó¢ 15 êîõ¦îñ£è«õ

Þ¼ï¢î Þõ¢õ¤è¤îñ¢, 2002-2004-Þô¢ 76

êîõ¦îñ£è àòó¢ï¢¶÷¢÷¶.

1996-1998 1997-1999 1998-2000 1999-2001 2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2.4 Page 14

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COMMERCIAL SEX WORK IN URBAN TAMIL NADU

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢

The prevalence of sexually

transmitted diseases has been at

about one in four among CSWs,

although BSS surveys conducted

from 2002 to 2004 suggested a

drop from 20.5 percent to

19.3 percent. Of those with

infections, the majority received

some treatment from a qualified

doctor. However, focus group

discussions conducted as a part of

the BSS indicate that few received

the full course of treatment and their

partners were rarely referred for

treatment.

Percent of CSWs Reporting STD Symptoms and Whether Treated

by a Qualified Doctor, Urban Tamil Nadu, 2000 - 2004

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£»÷¢÷î£èè¢ ÃÁñ¢ ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ êîõ¦îñ¢ ñø¢Áñ¢

î°î¤»÷¢÷ ñ¼î¢¶õó¤ìñ¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ªðÁè¤ù¢øùó£ âÂñ¢ õ¤õóñ¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2000-2004

23.2

20.5

19.3

18.7

16.4

15.2

4.1

2000-2002

4.5

2001-2003

4.1

2002-2004

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

Reported symptoms, treated by qualified doctors

«ï£ò¢ Ü¬ìò£÷ñ¢ à÷¢÷¶, î°î¤ò£ù ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ªðÁè¤ø£ó¢

Reported symptoms, not treated by qualified doctors

«ï£ò¢ Ü¬ìò£÷ñ¢ à÷¢÷¶, î°î¤ò£ù ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ªðøõ¤ô¢¬ô

The proportion of CSWs whose HIV

test was voluntary has risen

gradually over the past few years

from 49.5 percent in 2001-2003 to

64.7 percent in 2002-2004. Many go

to private clinics for testing and a

high proportion said they received

counseling at the time of the test.

They also reported that once

they learned that they were not

HIV-positive, they resolved to use

condoms consistently. In addition,

about two-thirds said that they had

received individual education on

HIV from NGOs and government

hospitals.

Voluntary Testing for HIV of CSWs and Whether Counseling

Was Given, Urban Tamil Nadu, 2001 - 2004

îù¢õ¤¼ð¢ð£ò¢ âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Á «ê£î¬ù «ñø¢ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

ñø¢Áñ¢ Ý«ô£ê¬ù è¤¬ìð¢¹ õ¤õóñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2001-2004

64.7

49.5

17.5

17.4

47.2

32.1

2001-2003

Tested, not counseled

«ê£î¬ù ªêò¢òð¢ðì¢ì¶,

Ý«ô£ê¬ù è¤¬ìè¢èõ¤ô¢¬ô

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

2002-2004

Tested and counseled

«ê£î¬ù ªêò¢òð¢ðì¢ì¶,

Ý«ô£ê¬ù è¤¬ìî¢î¶

2002 ºîô¢ 2004 õ¬óò£ù ïìî¢¬î

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¢, õí¤è

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤¬ì«ò

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ ðóõô¢ 20.5

êîõ¦îî¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ 19.3-Ýèè¢

°¬øï¢îªîùè¢ è£ì¢®ò «ð£î¤½ñ¢,

Ü¶ ²ñ£ó£è ï£ù¢è¤ô¢ å¼õ¼è¢° âù¢ø

Ü÷õ¤ô¢î£ù¢ Þ¼ï¢¶ õ¼è¤ø¶.

Þï¢«ï£ò¢î¢ ªî£ø¢Á à÷¢÷õó¢è÷¤ô¢

ªð¼ñ¢ð£«ô£ó¢ î°î¤»÷¢÷

ñ¼î¢¶õó¤ìñ¤¼ï¢¶ ãî£õ¶ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê

ªðÁè¤ù¢øùó¢. âù¤Âñ¢, ê¤ô«ó º¿ê¢

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê¬ò»ñ¢ ªðø¢ø£ó¢è÷¢

âù¢ð¬î»ñ¢ «ï£ò£÷¤ò¤ù¢

àìù¢õ£¿ñ¢ ðé¢è£÷ó¢è÷¢

ªð¼ñ¢ð£½ñ¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬êè¢°

õ¼õî¤ô¢¬ô âù¢ð¬î»ñ¢, ïìî¢¬î

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢õ¤ù¢ Üñ¢êñ£ù,

èõùî¢î¤ø¢è£ù °¿ à¬óò£ìô¢è÷¢

²ì¢®è¢ è£ì¢®ù.

îù¢õ¤¼ð¢ð£è âê¢äõ¤ «ê£î¬ù ªêò¢¶

ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ õ¤è¤îñ¢, 2001-2003-

Þù¢ 49.5 êîõ¦îî¢î¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ 2002-2004-

Þô¢ 64.7 êîõ¦îñ£è ªî£ìó¢ï¢¶

àòó¢ï¢¶÷¢÷¶. ðô¼ñ¢ îù¤ò£ó¢

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢èÀè¢°

«ê£î¬ùè¢ªèù ªêô¢è¤ù¢øùó¢;

Þõó¢è÷¤ô¢ ªð¼ñ¢ð£«ô£ó¢ «ê£î¬ù

êñòî¢î¤ô¢ Ý«ô£ê¬ù è¤¬ìð¢ð¬î»ñ¢

Ãø¤»÷¢÷ùó¢. âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹Áî¤

Þô¢¬ô âù¢Á Üø¤ï¢î¾ìù¢,

ªî£ìó¢ï¢¶ Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£ì¢¬ì

«ñø¢ªè£÷¢÷ àÁî¤ ªè£í¢ì¬î»ñ¢

Üõó¢è÷¢ ªîó¤õ¤î¢îùó¢. «ñ½ñ¢,

Íù¢ø¤ô¢ Þóí¢´ ðé¢è¤ùó¢ Üó² ê£ó£

Ü¬ñð¢¹è÷¤ìñ¤¼ï¢«î£, Üó²

ñ¼î¢¶õ-ñ¬ùè÷¤ô¤¼ï¢«î£, âê¢äõ¤

°ø¤î¢î îù¤ïðó¢ èô¢õ¤ ªðø¢ø¬î»ñ¢

Ãø¤»÷¢÷ùó¢.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2.5 Page 15

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HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOUR IN URBAN TAMIL NADU îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ Üî¤è Üð£òè¢ÃÁ à÷¢÷ ïìî¢¬î

Among non-users of condoms,

perceived risk of HIV is generally

high, particularly among CSWs. In

recent BSS surveys, however, the

proportion of those who perceive

non-use of the condom as a risk

has stabilized. Reasons given

include the opinion that herbal

medicines and doctors are now

available to treat or cure AIDS.

While HIV awareness campaigns

have been successful, attitudes

such as “a healthy person cannot

get HIV” were expressed in the

BSS. These results indicate that

there remains a need for one-to-

one education to dispel

misconceptions about HIV.

Percent Not Using a Condom in Last Non-regular Sex Who Perceive

Themselves to be at Risk of HIV, Urban Tamil Nadu, 2000 - 2004

âê¢äõ¤ Üð£òñ¢ à÷¢÷õó¢èÀìù¢, îø¢ªêòô£ò¢ ï¤èö¢ï¢î ºï¢¬îò àì½øõ¤ù¢«ð£¶

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ ªè£÷¢÷£îõó¢è÷¢ êîõ¦îñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2000-2004

23 29 26

CSWs

ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

Truckers and Male factory

MSM

Male

helpers

workers (male partners) migrants

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢, ªî£ö¤øê¢ £¬ô Ýíè¢ Àìù¢ àì½ø¾ Þìñ¢ ªðò¼ñ¢

àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢ «õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢ ªè£÷À ¢ ñ¢ Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Ýí¢è÷¢

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´

ªè£÷¢÷£îõó¢èÀè¢°, °ø¤ð¢ð£è õí¤è

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤èÀè¢°,

ªð£¶õ¤ô¢ Üî¤è âê¢äõ¤ Üð£òè¢ÃÁ

àíó¢¾ à÷¢÷¶. âù¤Âñ¢, êñ¦ð è£ô

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¤ù¢ð®,

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£®ù¢¬ñ

Üð£òèóñ£ù¶ âù¢Á

àíó¢«õ£ó¢è÷¤ù¢ õ¤è¤îñ¢ ï¤¬ôî¢¶

ï¤ø¢è¤ø¶. ðê¢ê¤¬ô ñ¼ï¢¶è«÷£,

ñ¼î¢¶õó¢è«÷£ âò¢ì¢ú¢-ä

°íð¢ð´î¢¶õ¶ Þò½ñ¢ âù¢ø è¼î¢¶

Üîø¢°è¢ è£óíñ£èè¢ ÃÁð¢ð´è¤ø¶.

Percent Exposed to One-to-one Education on HIV/AIDS

Urban Tamil Nadu, 2000 - 2004

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤ò «ï¼è¢° «ïó¢ èô¢õ¤ ªðø¢øõó¢ êîõ¦îñ¢

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2000-2004

66 67 68

34 32

âê¢äõ¤ Üð£ò àíó¢×ì¢´ñ¢

î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¢ ðòù÷¤î¢¶÷¢÷ «ð£î¤½ñ¢,

Ý«ó£è¢è¤òñ£ù ïðó¢è÷¤ìñ¢ âê¢äõ¤

ªî£ø¢Á «ïó£¶ âù¢ð¶ «ð£ù¢ø

ñùð¢ð£ù¢¬ñè÷¢ ïìî¢¬î

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¤ô¢

ªõ÷¤ð¢ðì¢ìù. âê¢äõ¤ ðø¢ø¤ò

îõø£ù è¼î¢¶è¬÷ ï¦è¢è, ïðó¢èÀè¢°

«ï¼è¢° «ïó¢ èô¢õ¤ò÷¤ð¢ðîù¢

«î¬õ¬ò Þï¢î Ýò¢¾ º®¾è÷¢

è£ì¢´è¤ù¢øù.

15 14 12

CSWs

ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

Truckers and

helpers

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢,

àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢

Male factory

workers

ªî£ö¤øê¢ £¬ô

«õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Male youth in Men who have

slums

sex with men

°®¬êð¢ ð°î¤ Ýíè¢ Àìù¢ àì½ø¾

Ýí¢ Þ¬÷ëó¢ ªè£÷À ¢ ñ¢ Ýíè¢ ÷¢

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

2000-2002

2001-2003

2002-2004

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2.6 Page 16

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HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOUR IN URBAN TAMIL NADU îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ ïèó¢ð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ Üî¤è Üð£òè¢ÃÁ à÷¢÷ ïìî¢¬î

Percent Reporting Sex with a Non-regular Partner in the Past Year

Urban Tamil Nadu, 1996 - 2004

ªêù¢ø Ýí¢®ô¢ õöè¢èñô¢ô£îõ¼ìù¢ àì½ø¾ ªè£í¢ì¬îî¢ ªîó¤õ¤î¢«î£ó¢

êîõ¦îñ¢ îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 1996-2004

While there has been a decrease in

sex with a non-regular partner

among truckers and helpers since

1996-1998, more recent BSS

surveys indicate that the proportion

has begun to rise again. A similar

trend was observed among both

male and female factory workers.

Such trends clearly show the need

for continued HIV education

programmes.

1996-1998 1997-1999 1998-2000 1999-2001 2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004

Truckers and helpers

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢,

àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢

Male factory workers

ªî£ö¤øê¢ £¬ô

«õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Female factory workers

ªî£ö¤øê¢ £¬ô

«õ¬ô ªðíè¢ ÷¢

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

BSS data reveal that there has

been a general rise in condom use

during paid sex among truckers and

helpers and male factory workers.

This encouraging sign is, however,

offset by much lower condom use

during casual sex. Among other

groups, the increase in condom use

in paid sex among male youth in

slums has also increased, from

58 percent in 2000 to 85 in 2004.

Percent Reporting Condom Use in the Past Year

Urban Tamil Nadu, 1996 - 2004

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ïèóð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 1996-2004

1996-1998 1997-1999 1998-2000 1999-2001 2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004

1996-1998 ºîô£è ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢,

àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢èÀè¢è¤¬ì«ò õöè¢èñ¢

Üô¢ô£î ðé¢è£÷ó¢èÀìù¢ ªè£÷¢Àñ¢

ð£ô¤òô¢ àø¾ °¬øï¢î¤¼ï¢î

«ð£î¤½ñ¢, êñ¦ð ïìî¢¬î

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¢, Üõ¢õ¤è¤îñ¢

ñ¦í¢´ñ¢ Üî¤èó¤è¢èî¢ ¶õé¢°õ¬î

è£ì¢´è¤ù¢øù. ªî£ö¤ø¢ê£¬ôè÷¤ô¢

«õ¬ô ªêò¢»ñ¢ Ýí¢ ªðí¢

Þ¼ð£ôó¢è÷¤½ñ¢, Üõ¢õ£ø£ù

«ð£è¢«è è£íð¢ðì¢ì¶. Þ¬õ,

Þ¬ìõ¤ì£î âê¢äõ¤ èô¢õ¤î¢

î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¤ù¢ «î¬õ¬òî¢ ªî÷¤õ£ò¢è¢

è£ì¢´è¤ù¢øù.

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢, àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢è÷¢,

ªî£ö¤ø¢ê£¬ôè÷¤ô¢ «õ¬ô

ªêò¢«õ£ó¤¬ì«ò õ¤¬ôè¢°ð¢ ªðÁñ¢

àì½øõ¤ô¢ Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´

ªð£¶õ¤ô¢ Üî¤èó¤î¢¶ õ¼õ¬î,

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¢

ªîó¤õ¤è¢è¤ù¢øù. ïñ¢ð¤è¢¬è î¼ñ¢ Þï¢î

Üî¤èó¤ð¢¹è¢° ñ£ø£è, îø¢ªêòô£ò¢

ï¤è¿ñ¢ àì½ø¾è÷¤ù¢«ð£¶

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ ñ¤èè¢ °¬øõ£è

à÷¢÷¶. °®¬êð¢ ð°î¤è÷¤ù¢ Þ÷ñ¢

Ýí¢è÷¢ «ð£ù¢ø ð¤ø ªî£°ð¢¹è÷¤ô¢,

õ¤¬ôè¢°ð¢ ªðÁñ¢

àì½ø¾è÷¤ù¢«ð£¶, Ýµ¬øð¢

ðòù¢ð£´ 2000-î¢î¤ù¢ 58

êîõ¦îî¢î¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ 2004-Þô¢ 85

êîõ¦îñ£è Üî¤èó¤î¢¶÷¢÷¶.

Truckers and helpers in paid sex

õ¤¬ôè¢°ð¢ ªð¼ñ¢ àì½ø¾

ªè£í¢ì ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢, àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢

Male factory workers in paid sex

õ¤¬ôè°¢ àì½ø¾ ªè£íì¢

ªî£ö¤øê¢ £¬ô «õ¬ô Ýí¢

APAC – VHS, BSS Wave IX - 2004

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ IX - 2004

Truckers and helpers in casual sex

îø¢ªêòô£ò¢ àì½ø¾ ªè£í¢ì

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢, àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢

Male factory workers in casual sex

îøª¢ êòô£ò¢ àì½ø¾ ªè£íì¢

ªî£ö¤øê¢ £¬ô «õ¬ô Ýí¢

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2.7 Page 17

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HIV/AIDS IN RURAL TAMIL NADU

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

Percent of Pregnant Women at ANC Sentinel Sites Who Tested

Positive for HIV, Tamil Nadu, 2004

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îô «ðø¢Á ºù¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ èí¢ì è¼¾ø¢«ø£ó¢è÷¤ô¢

âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹Áî¤ êîõ¦îñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´, 2004

0.9

While HIV infection is often thought

of as an urban problem, the threat

of HIV is a statewide concern. In

0.7

fact, testing for infection among

women at antenatal care sentinel

sites shows that the level of

infection is now higher in rural

areas than in urban. The presence

of the disease throughout a wider

geographic area will require

increased efforts in HIV/AIDS

education, prevention, and care

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

Urban

ïèóé¢è÷¤ô¢

Rural

è¤ó£ñé¢è÷¤ô¢

programmes.

Percent Knowing Two Acceptable Ways of Preventing HIV/AIDS

Overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS is

high, but it is not yet universal in

Rural Tamil Nadu, 2003

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ îõ¤ó¢è¢°ñ¢ ãø¢¹¬ìò Þ¼ õö¤è÷¢ Üø¤ï¢îõó¢ êîõ¦îñ¢,

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2003

rural areas. Among occupation

groups interviewed, females lag

CSWs

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

noticeably behind males in

knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Not

Clients of CSWs

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤

õ£®è¬¢ èò£÷ó¢

surprisingly, the survey also found

that condom use with a non-regular

Unemployed youth

«õ¬ôò¤ôô¢ £î Þ¬÷ëó¢

partner was very low among

Agricultural/allied

females.

workers - Male

«õ÷£ù¢ Üôô¢ ¶ êñð¢ ïî¢ ñ£ù

«õ¬ôªêò»¢ ñ¢ Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Agricultural/allied

workers - Female

«õ÷£ù¢ Üôô¢ ¶ êñð¢ ïî¢ ñ£ù

«õ¬ôªêò»¢ ñ¢ ªðíè¢ ÷¢

Construction/quarry

workers - Male

èì´¢ ñ£ùñ/¢ èô¢ à¬ìð¹¢

«õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Construction/quarry

workers - Female

èì´¢ ñ£ùñ/¢ èô¢ à¬ìð¹¢

«õ¬ô ªðíè¢ ÷¢

APAC-VHS, BSS RURAL WAVE III - 2003

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ III - 2003

âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Á ªð¼ñ÷õ¤ô¢ å¼

ïèó¢ð¢¹øð¢ ð¤óê¢ê¬ùò£è«õ

è¼îð¢ðì¢ì «ð£î¤½ñ¢, ñ£ï¤ô

Ü÷õ¤ô¢ Þîù¢ Üð£òñ¢ âê¢êó¤è¢¬èè¢°

àó¤ò¶. àí¢¬ñò¤ô¢, «ðø¢Á ºù¢

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢è÷¤ô¢, ªî£ø¢Á

°ø¤î¢¶ ªðí¢è÷¤ìñ¢ ªêò¢î

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îô «ê£î¬ùè÷¢,

è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ ïèóé¢è¬÷õ¤ì

Þð¢«ð£¶ Üîù÷¾ Üî¤èñ¤¼ð¢ð¬îè¢

è£ì¢´è¤ù¢øù. Þî¢ªî£ø¢Á Ü¬ùî¢¶

Þìé¢è÷¤½ñ¢ ðóï¢¶ õ¤ó¤õî£ô¢,

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ èô¢õ¤, î´ð¢¹,

èõù¤ð¢¹ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¤ù¢ Üî¤èó¤î¢î

ºòø¢ê¤è÷¢ «î¬õ¬òò£è¤ù¢øù.

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤ò Üø¤¾ âô¢ô£

Þìé¢è÷¤½ñ¢ Üî¤èñ¢ à÷¢÷¶

âù¤Âñ¢, è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ Ü¶

º¿¬ñò£ùî£è Þô¢¬ô. ªî£ö¤ô¢

º¬ù«õ£ó¢è÷¤ù¢ «ïó¢è£íô¢è÷¤ô¢,

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ Üø¤õ¤ô¢ Ýí¢è¬÷

õ¤ìð¢ ªðí¢è÷¢ °ø¤ð¢ð¤´ñ¢ð®

ð¤ù¢îé¢è¤ Þ¼ï¢îùó¢. âù«õ

Ýò¢¾è÷¤ù¢ð®, ªðí¢è÷¢,

õöè¢èñô¢ô£î ïðó¢èÀìù¢ ªè£÷¢Àñ¢

àì½ø¾è÷¤ô¢, Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´

ñ¤è¾ñ¢ °¬øõ£è Þ¼ï¢îî¤ô¢

õ¤òð¢ð¤ô¢¬ô.

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2.8 Page 18

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HIV/AIDS IN RURAL TAMIL NADU

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

The BSS survey results indicate

that condom use among CSWs is

on the rise. When asked what

action they take when a client

refuses to use a condom, 78

percent stated that they refuse sex

or re-negotiate its use. But 10

percent said they would still have

sex and 12 percent would simply

raise the price.

In the BSS survey, a group of

“mystery clients” was employed to

put condom use negotiation of

CSWs to a practical test. These

“clients” refused condom use and

then observed the response

of the CSWs. This exercise

produced results quite different

from condom use reported verbally

to interviewers, in that 44 percent

of the CSWs agreed to have sex

without one. The experience

gained in an actual trade setting

suggests that intensified counseling

is needed.

Percent of CSWs Reporting Condom Use with the Last

Non-regular Partner, Rural Tamil Nadu, 1998, 2000, and 2003

ªîó¤õ¤î¢î ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ êîõ¦îñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¢,

1998, 2000 ñø¢Áñ¢ 2003

1998

2000

APAC-VHS, BSS RURAL WAVE III - 2003

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ III - 2003

2003

Use of the Condom in Actual Practice with "Mystery Clients"

Rural Tamil Nadu, 2003

ï¤ê ï¬ìº¬øò¤ô¢ Þóèê¤ò õ£®è¢¬èò£÷¼è¢° Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ êîõ¦îñ¢,

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2003

Agreed to have sex

Ýµ¬øò¤ùø¢ ¤ åð¹¢ îô¢

44%

Refused to have sex

àì½ø¾ ñÁîî¢ ¶

40%

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¤ù¢ð®,

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷ó¢è÷¤ìñ¢

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ Üî¤èó¤î¢îõ£Á

à÷¢÷¶. õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢è÷¢

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ ñÁè¢¬èò¤ô¢

âù¢ù ªêò¢õ¦ó¢è÷¢ âù¢Á «èì¢ì«ð£¶,

78 êîõ¦î ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

àì½ø¬õ ñÁî¢îî£è«õ£ Üô¢ô¶

ñ¦í¢´ñ¢ Ýµ¬ø ðòù¢ð£ì¢¬ì

õô¤»Áî¢î¤òî£è«õ£ Ãø¤ùó¢.

Ýò¤Âñ¢, 10 êîõ¦îî¢î¤ùó¢

Ýµ¬øò¤ù¢ø¤ àì½ø¾è¢°

Þ¬êï¢î¬î»ñ¢ 12 êîõ¦îî¢î¤ùó¢

Üîø¢ªèù Üî¤èî¢ ªî£¬è

«èì¢ì¬î»ñ¢ Ãø¤ùó¢.

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢õ¤ô¢,

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢ Ýµ¬ø¬ò

õø¢¹Áî¢¶è¤ø£ó¢è÷£ âù¢øø¤ò

Þóèê¤ò õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢è¬÷

ÜÂð¢ð¤, ï¬ìº¬øê¢ «ê£î¬ù

ªêò¢òð¢ ðì¢ì¶. Þõ¢

õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢è÷¢ Ýµ¬ø¬ò

ñÁî¢¶ ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ù¢

ðî¤¬ô èõù¤î¢îùó¢. Þê¢«ê£î¬ù

«ïó¢è£íô¢ Ãø¢ÁèÀè¢° ñ£ø£ù

º®¾è¬÷è¢ è£í¢ð¤î¢î¶. Üî£õ¶,

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ô¢ 44

êîõ¦îî¢î¤ùó¢ Ýµ¬øò¤ù¢ø¤

àì½ø¾è¢° Þ¬êï¢îùó¢. ªî£ö¤ô¢

ð¤ù¢ùí¤ò¤ô¢ ï¤îó¤êùñ£è

Üø¤òð¢ðì¢ì Þõ¢õÂðõñ¢, î¦õ¤ó

èôï¢î£«ô£ê¬ùèÀè¢è£ù «î¬õ¬ò

àíó¢î¢¶è¤ø¶.

Re-negotiated condom use

«ðóî¢î¤ø¢°ð¢ ð¤ù¢

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´

16%

APAC-VHS, BSS RURAL WAVE III - 2003

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ III - 2003

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

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2.9 Page 19

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HIV/AIDS IN RURAL TAMIL NADU

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

Percent Reporting Sex with a Non-regular Partner in the Past Year

Rural Tamil Nadu, 1998, 2000, and 2003

êîõ¦îñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 1998, 2000 ñø¢Áñ¢ 2003

According to the BSS, from 2000 to

2003, there was a steep decline in

the percentage of men who have

had sex with a non-regular partner

in the past year. This decrease was

observed in a variety of occupation

groups. In group discussions, many

said that they only engage in casual

sex rather than paid sex due to the

fear of HIV/AIDS. Casual partners

were thought to pose no threat of

HIV. This misconception may

expose many to the threat of

infection or passing undiagnosed

HIV to their partners.

The BSS also suggests that the

rising awareness of HIV may also

have led to increased condom use

during sex with a non-regular

partner. Between the 1998 and

2003 surveys, condom use among

different occupation groups

increased sharply from a range

of 15 to 21 percent to 34 to

44 percent.

13.0

11.0

1998

2000

2003

12.0

11.0

7.9

5.8

17.0

16.0

7.1

Male agricultural

and allied workers

«õ÷£í¢ Üô¢ô¶ êñ¢ðï¢îñ£ù

«õ¬ôªêò¢«õ£ó¢, Ýí¢è÷¢

Male artisans/

cottage industry

¸íè¢ ¬ô/ °®¬êî¢

ªî£ö¤ô¢ Ýí¢è÷¢

APAC-VHS, BSS RURAL WAVE III - 2003

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ III - 2003

Male construction/

quarry workers

èì´¢ ñ£ùñ/¢ èô¢ à¬ìð¹¢

«õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Percent Reporting Condom Use with the Last Non-regular Partner

Rural Tamil Nadu, 1998, 2000, and 2003

è¬ìê¤ò£è õöè¢èñô¢ô£î ðé¢è£÷¤»ìù¢ Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ ªîó¤õ¤î¢îõó¢

êîõ¦îñ¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 1998, 2000 ñø¢Áñ¢ 2003

33.5

43.5

1998

2000

2003

39.3

19.0

15.0

18.0 17.0

21.0

15.0

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¤ù¢ð®,

2000 ºîô¢ 2003 õ¬ó, õöè¢èñô¢ô£î

ðé¢è£÷ó¢èÀìù¢ àì½Á¾ ªè£÷¢Àñ¢

Ýí¢è÷¤ù¢ êîõ¦îñ¢ èìï¢î Ýí¢®ô¢

ªõ°õ£ò¢è¢ °¬øï¢î¶. ðô¢«õø£ù

ªî£ö¤ø¢ ªî£°î¤è÷¤ô¢ Þî¢î¬èò

êó¤¾ è£íð¢ðì¢ì¶. âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

ãø¢ð´î¢î¤ò ðòî¢î£ô¢ õ¤¬ôè¢°è¢

è¤¬ìè¢°ñ¢ àì½ø¾è¢°ð¢ ðî¤ô£è,

îø¢ªêòô£ò¢ ï¤è¿ñ¢ àì½ø¾è¬÷«ò

ªè£÷¢õî£ò¢ ðô¼ñ¢ Ãø¤ùó¢. îø¢ªêòô¢

àì½øõ¤ô¢ ðé¢è£÷ó¢è÷¤ìñ¤¼ï¢¶

âê¢äõ¤ Üð£òñ¢ «ïó£¶ âù¢Âñ¢

ïñ¢ð¤è¢¬è è£íð¢ðì¢ì¶. Þî¢îõø£ù

è¼î¢¶ ðô¬ó ªî£ø¢Á Üð£òî¢î¤ø¢°

Ý÷£è¢èô£ñ¢ Üô¢ô¶ ªîó¤ò õï¢î¤ó£î

âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢¬ø Üõó¢è÷¢

ðé¢è£÷ó¢èÀè¢° Ü÷¤è¢è¾ñ¢ Ã´ñ¢.

âê¢äõ£ ðø¢ø£ò Üî£èó£î¢î Üø£¾,

õöè¢èñô¢ô£î ðé¢è£÷ó¢èÀìù¢

Ã´¬èò£ô¢, Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£ì¢¬ì

Üî£èó£î¢¶ Þ¼è¢èô£ñ¢ âù¢ð¬î

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í£ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¢

²ì¢®è¢ è£ì¢´è£ù¢øù. 1998-è¢°ñ¢

2003-è¢°ñ¢ Þ¬ì«òò£ù Ýò¢¾è÷¢,

ðô¢«õÁ ªî£ö£ø¢ ð°î£è÷£ô¢,

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´ 15-ô£¼ï¢¶

21 âù¢ø êîõ¦îî¢î£ô£¼ï¢¶

34- ô£¼ï¢¶ 44 âù¢ø êîõ¦îñ£è

ªî÷£õ£ò¢ àòó¢ï¢î¬îè¢

è£ì¢´è£ù¢øù.

Male agricultural

and allied workers

«õ÷£í¢ Üô¢ô¶ êñ¢ðï¢îñ£ù

«õ¬ôªêò¢«õ£ó¢, Ýí¢è÷¢

Male artisans/

cottage industry

¸íè¢ ¬ô/ °®¬êî¢

ªî£ö¤ô¢ Ýí¢è÷¢

APAC-VHS, BSS RURAL WAVE III - 2003

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ III - 2003

Male construction/

quarry workers

èì´¢ ñ£ùñ/¢ èô¢ à¬ìð¹¢

«õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

2.10 Page 20

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HIV/AIDS IN RURAL TAMIL NADU

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ù¢ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

Percent Exposed to HIV/AIDS Interventions, Rural Tamil Nadu, 2003

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤ î¬ôò¦´ è¤ì¢ìð¢ªðø¢«ø£ó¢ êîõ¦îñ¢,

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2003

CSWs

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

Clients of CSWs

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢

õ£®è¬¢ èò£÷ó¢

8.8

10.1

5.0

9.0

Individual education

îù¤ïðó¢ èô¢õ¤

Group meetings

ªî£°ð¢¹è¢ Ãì¢ìé¢è÷¢

Individual counseling is an effective

means of dispelling myths about

HIV/AIDS. While more widespread

information activities are a

challenge, their benefits will have a

long-lasting effect.

HIV/AIDS has no greater ally than

the stigma that often accompanies

it. Fear of consequences, such as

being shut out of home, job, and

village prevents many from seeking

a HIV test or availing themselves of

care and support networks. While

the majority consider HIV to be

shameful, two-thirds or more of the

groups interviewed no longer

believe that there is a need to

isolate HIV-positive people from

society. This is a hopeful sign for

acceptance of those with the

disease.

Agricultural/allied

workers - Male

«õ÷£í/¢ Ü¶ êñð¢ ïî¢

«õ¬ô ªêò«¢ õ£ó¢ - Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Agricultural/allied

workers - Female

«õ÷£í/¢ Ü¶ êñð¢ ïî¢

«õ¬ô ªêò«¢ õ£ó¢ - ªðíè¢ ÷¢

Rural male youth

è¤ó£ñð¹¢ ø Ýí¢ Þ¬÷ëó¢

5.7

11.5

7.5

5.2

17.2

27.7

APAC-VHS, BSS RURAL WAVE III - 2003

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ III - 2003

Attitudes towards HIV-positive People, Rural Tamil Nadu, 2003

âäõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹Áî¤ à÷¢«÷£ó¢ °ø¤î¢î ñùð¢ð£é¢°è÷¢,

Percent

îñ¤ö¢ï£´ è¤ó£ñð¢¹øé¢è÷¢, 2003

êîõ¦îñ¢

CSWs

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

17.6

61.0

Clients of CSWs

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢

õ£®è¬¢ èò£÷ó¢

Agricultural/allied

workers - Male

«õ÷£í/¢ Ü¶ êñð¢ ïî¢

«õ¬ô ªêò«¢ õ£ó¢ - Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Agricultural/allied

workers - Female

«õ÷£í/¢ Ü¶ êñð¢ ïî¢

«õ¬ô ªêò«¢ õ£ó¢ - ªðíè¢ ÷¢

Construction/quarry

workers - Male

èì´¢ ñ£ù/ èô½ ¢ ¬ìð¹¢

«õ¬ô ªêò«¢ õ£ó¢ - Ýíè¢ ÷¢

47.1

16.5

33.8

30.2

31.3

69.7

67.8

70.5

Construction/quarry

workers - Female

èì¢´ñ£ù/ èô¢½¬ìð¢¹

«õ¬ô ªêò¢«õ£ó¢ - ªðí¢è÷¢

33.4

Mark of shame

ªõìè¢ è¢ «è´ âÂñ¢ è¼î¶¢

APAC-VHS, BSS RURAL WAVE III - 2003

Üð£è¢- õ¤âê¢âú¢, ð¤âú¢âú¢ «õõ¢ III - 2003

62.9

Isolate from society

êºè õ¤ôè¢è¤ù¢ õ¤¼ð¢ðñ¢

îù¤ïðó¢ º¬øò¤ô¢ Ü÷¤è¢èð¢ðì¢ì

èôï¢î£«ô£ê¬ùè÷¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢

ðø¢ø¤ò îõø£ù è¼î¢¶è¬÷ ï¦è¢è

õô¢ôù. ðóï¢î õ¤õóñ÷¤ð¢¹

ªêòô¢ð£´è÷¢ «ñø¢ªè£÷¢õ¶

è®ù«ñò£ò¤Âñ¢, Üõø¢ø£ô¢

õ¤¬÷»ñ¢ ïù¢¬ñè÷¢ ðôè£ôî¢î¤ø¢°

ï¦®î¢î¤¼è¢°ñ¢.

âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ âù¢ðî£ô¢ Ü«î£´

åì¢®»÷¢÷ è÷é¢èñ¢î£ù¢,

Þî¢ªî£ø¢Áè¢° ñ¤è¾ñ¢ àî¾ñ¢ ªêòô¢.

õ¦´, «õ¬ô, áó¢ Þõø¢¬ø õ¤ì¢´

ªõ÷¤«òø¢øð¢ ð´«õ£ñ¢ âù¢ø

ðòî¢î£ô¢ ðô¼ñ¢ âê¢äõ¤

«ê£î¬ù¬ò«ò£, èõù¤ð¢¹ ñø¢Áñ¢

Ýîó¤ð¢¹ Ü¬ñð¢¹è÷¤ù¢

«ê¬õè¬÷«ò£ ï£´õî¤ô¢¬ô.

ªð¼ñ¢ð£«ô£ó¢ âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢ø¤¬ù

ªõì¢èè¢ «è´ âù¢Á è¼î¤ù£½ñ¢,

«ïó¢è£íô¢ ªêò¢òð¢ðì¢ì °¿è¢è÷¤ô¢

Íù¢ø¤ô¢ Þóí¢´ ðé¢è¤ùó¢, âê¢äõ¤

Þ¼ð¢¹Áî¤ à÷¢«÷£¬ó

êºî£òî¢î¤ô¤¼ï¢¶ î÷¢÷¤ ¬õð¢ð¬î

«î¬õ âù¢Á Þð¢«ð£¶ ïñ¢ðõ¤ô¢¬ô.

Þï¢«ï£ò£÷¤è÷¤ù¢ ãø¢ð¤ø¢° Þ¶

ïñ¢ð¤è¢¬è î¼ñ¢ ïô¢ô Üø¤°ø¤ò£°ñ¢.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

3 Pages 21-30

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3.1 Page 21

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PREVENTION STRATEGIES - TANSACS

In the 1980s, following reports of

HIV/AIDS in Western countries, the

government of Tamil Nadu began

testing patients at two medical

colleges, with the assistance of the

Indian Council of Medical Research

(ICMR). As a result, some of the first

cases of HIV in India were detected,

along with similar discoveries in

Mumbai. In 1992, a State AIDS Cell

(SAC) was established with World

Bank funding. Two years later, SAC

was converted into the Tamil Nadu

State AIDS Control Society

(TANSACS) as a Registered Society.

Since its inception, TANSACS has

proven itself a leader in the field of

HIV/AIDS in India.

The Society’s activities include

awareness campaigns, HIV testing

at sentinel sites, blood safety and

training, targeted interventions, free

treatment of STDs at 57 clinics

statewide, PPTCT centres, and care

and support. TANSACS includes

NGOs on its Executive Committee.

One slot is also reserved for a HIV-

positive person. TANSACS also

supports 98 NGOs. Decisions on

funding proposals are taken quickly

to maximize the effectiveness of

NGO partners. All of the districts in

Tamil Nadu are covered through

NGO grants.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

«ñôï¢ £´è÷¤ô¢ âêä¢ õ¤/âòì¢ ú¢ ¢ ðøø¢ ¤ò

Üø¤è¬¢ èè÷¢ õóî¢ ªî£ìéè¢ ¾ñ,¢

îñ¤öï¢ £´ Üó², 1980-Þô¢ Þù®¢ òù¢

è¾ùê¢ ô¢ Ýçð¢ ªñ®èô¢ ó¤êóê¢ ¢

(äê¤âñÝ ¢ ó)¢ àîõ¤»ìù,¢ Þ¼ ñ¼î¶¢ õè¢

èôÖ ¢ ó¤è÷¤ô¢ «ï£ò£÷¤è¬÷ «ê£î¬ù

ªêòò¢ î¢ ¶õéè¢ ¤ò¶. Üîù¢ õ¤¬÷õ£è,

ð£óîîî¢ ¤ù¢ ºîô¢ âêä¢ õ¤ ï¤èö¾¢ è÷¢

Þññ¢ £ï¤ôîî¢ ¤ô¢ èí´¢ ð¤®èè¢ ð¢ ðìì¢ ù.

Þ¶ «ð£ùø¢ ï¤èö¾¢ è÷¢ ºñ¬¢ ðò¤½ñ¢

Üð«¢ ð£¶ è£íðð¢ ìì¢ ù. 1992-Þô¢

àôè õéè¢ ¤ ï¤î¤»îõ¤»ìù¢ ñ£ï¤ô

âòì¢ ú¢ ¢ Ýò¾¢ è¢ °¿ (ú£è)¢

Ü¬ñèè¢ ðð¢ ìì¢ ¶. ßó£í´¢ èÀè°¢ ð¢

ð¤ø°, Üè°¢ ¿ îñ¤öï¢ £´ ñ£ï¤ô âòì¢ ú¢ ¢

èì´¢ ðð¢ £´ êé¢èñ¢ (ì£ùê¢ £èú¢ )¢ âùø¢

ðî¤¾ ªêòò¢ ðð¢ ìì¢ Ü¬ñðð¢ £è

ñ£øø¢ ðð¢ ìì¢ ¶. ¶õèè¢ îî¢ ¤ô¤¼ï«¢ î

ì£ùê¢ £èú¢ ¢ âêä¢ õ¤/âòì¢ ú¢ ¢ ¶¬øò¤ô¢

ð£óîîî¢ ¤ù¢ ºù«¢ ù£® âùð¢ ¬î

ï¤Ïð¤î¶¢ õï¶¢ ÷÷¢ ¶.

Þèè¢ öèîî¢ £ù¢ ªêòôð¢ £´è÷£ô¢ Þ¬õ

Üìé°¢ ñ:¢ õ£ö£ð¹¢ íó¾¢ ªêòô¢

î£ìì¢ éè¢ ÷,¢ èíè¢ £í£ð¹¢ îôéè¢ ÷£ô¢

âêä¢ õ£ «ê£î¬ùè÷,¢ Þóîî¢ ð¢

ð£¶è£ð¹¢ ñ¢ ðò£øê¢ £»ñ,¢ Þôè°¢ ìù¢

Ã®ò î¬ôò¦´è÷,¢ ñ£ï£ôîî¢ £ù¢ 57

ê£è£ê¬¢ ê ¬ñòéè¢ ÷£ô¢ Þôõê

ð£ôõ¢ £¬ù «ï£ò¢ ñ¼î¶¢ õñ,¢

ªðø«¢ ø£óè¢ ÷£ñ£¼ï¶¢ °öï¬¢ îèÀè°¢

«ï£ò¢ ªî£øÁ¢ î¢ î´ð¹¢ ¬ñòéè¢ ÷,¢

èõù£ð¹¢ ñ¢ àîõ£»ñ.¢ ì£ùê¢ £èú¢ ¢

ï£óõ¢ £èè¢ °¿õ£ô¢ Üó² ê£ó£

Ü¬ñð¹¢ èÀñ¢ à÷÷¢ ù. «ñ½ñ¢ Þî£ô¢

æó¢ Þìñ¢ âêä¢ õ£ Þ¼ð¹¢ à÷÷¢

ïð¼èª¢ èù å¶èè¢ ð¢ ðì´¢ ÷÷¢ ¶.

«ñ½ñ,¢ ì£ùê¢ £èú¢ ¢ 98 Üó² ê£ó£

Ü¬ñð¹¢ è¬÷ Ýîó£èè¢ £ø¶. ðé°¢

ªè£÷À ¢ ñ¢ Üó² ê£ó£ Ü¬ñð¹¢ è÷¢

Üî£è Ü÷õ£ô¢ ðòù÷£è°¢ ñ£Á,

ï£î£èè¢ £ù ºùù¢ éè¢ ÷¢ ñ¦¶ º®¾è÷¢

¶ó£îñ£è â´èè¢ ð¢ ð´è£ùø¢ ù.

îñ£öï¢ £ì®¢ ù¢ âôô¢ £

ñ£õìì¢ éè¢ ÷£½ñ¢ Üó² ê£ó£

Ü¬ñð¹¢ èÀè°¢ ñ£ù£òñ¢ õöé°¢ ñ¢

î£ìì¢ ñ¢ ªêòô£ô¢ à÷÷¢ ¶.

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

3.2 Page 22

▲back to top

PREVENTION STRATEGIES - APAC/VHS

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - ãð¤ãê¤/õ¤âê¢âú¢

In 1995, the AIDS Prevention and

Control (APAC) programme was

established with funding from

USAID to reduce HIV transmission

in Tamil Nadu. APAC is

administered by Voluntary Health

Services (VHS), Chennai, an NGO

with over 50 years of health

management experience. APAC-

VHS works with many NGOs in the

state through targeted interventions

among high-risk populations. Other

programmes include STD

prevention and control, behaviour

change communication, and

condom promotion. APAC-VHS has

trained and worked closely with

district NGOs to develop and

implement strategies for safer

commercial sex. A large number of

educational materials on HIV/AIDS

has been produced and distributed.

Through 2003, the Prevention

Along the Highway (PATH) project

has conducted about 700,000

group sessions with truck crews on

HIV and STDs.

In its second phase (2002-07),

APAC-VHS has added care and

support activities and workplace

interventions to its programmes.

The accompanying map shows the

locations of APAC-VHS activities

across the state.

In Tamil Nadu, APAC-VHS works with 55 NGOs and private institutions.

2002 - 2003

îñ¤ö¢ï£ì¢®ô¢, ãð¤ãê¤-õ¤âê¢âú¢ 55 Üó² ê£ó£ Ü¬ñð¢¹è÷¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ îù¤ò£ó¢

ï¤Áõùé¢èÀìù¢ ªêòô¢ð´è¤ø¶.

2002 - 2003

Vellore

«õÖó¢

NH-4

Thiruvallur

î¤¼õ÷¢Ùó¢

Chennai

ªêù¢¬ù

Krishnagiri

è¤¼û¢íè¤ó¤

NH-7

Dharmapuri

îó¢ñ¹ó¤

The Nilgiris

ï¦ôè¤ó¤

Erode

ß«ó£´

NH-45

Coimbatore

«è£òñ¢¹î¢Éó¢

Salem

«êôñ¢

NH-7

Namakkal

ï£ñè¢èô¢

Karur

èÏó¢

Dindigul #

î¤í¢´è¢èô¢

NH-45

Tiruvannamalai Kancheepuram

î¤¼õí¢í£ñ¬ô è£ë¢ê¦¹óñ¢

NH-45

Villuppuram

õ¤¿ð¢¹óñ¢

Pondichery

ð£í¢®ê¢«êó¤

Cuddalore

èìÖó¢

Perambalur

ªðóñ¢ðÖó¢

Nagapattinam

ï£èð¢ðì¢®íñ¢

Thanjavur

îë¢ê£×ó¢ Thiruvarur

î¤¼õ£Ïó¢

Pudukkottai

¹¶è¢«è£ì¢¬ì

Theni

«îù¤H

Madurai

ñ¶¬ó

Sivaganga

ê¤õèé¢¬è

NH-45

Virudhunagar

NH-45 õ¤¼¶ïèó¢

Ramanathapuram

ó£ñï£î¹óñ¢

Tuticorin

Éî¢¶è¢°®

Tirunelveli

î¤¼ªïô¢«õô¤

APAC/VHS

Üð£è¢/õ¤âê¢âú¢

Kanniyakumari

èù¢ò£°ñó¤

PATH - 11 (Prevention Along with The Highway)

ð£î¢ - 11 (ªï´ëê¢ £¬ôè÷¢ âé°¢ ñ¢ «ï£òî¢ ´ð¹¢ )

H Clip - 3 (STD Clinic Intervention Project)

è÷¢ ¤ð¢ - 3 (ð£ôõ¢ ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ ê¤è¤ê¬¢ ê ¬ñòéè¢ ÷¤ô¢ î´ð¹¢ î¤ìì¢ ñ)¢

WIP - (Women in Prostitution)

õ¤ð¢ (ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¤ô¢ ªðíè¢ ÷)¢

TWIP - 6 (Tourist Site Intervention Project)

ìõ¢ ¤ð¢ - 6 (²øÁ¢ ô£ Þìéè¢ ÷¤ô¢ î´ð¹¢ î¤ìì¢ ñ)¢

SIP - 8 (Slum Intervention Project)

ú¤ð¢ - 8 (°®¬êð¢ ð°î¤è÷¤ô¢ î´ð¹¢ î¤ìì¢ ñ)¢

# TOT - 1 (Training of Trainers)

«ì£ì¢ - 1 (ðò¤øê¢ ¤ Ü÷¤ðð¢ õóè¢ Àè°¢ ð¢ ðò¤øê¢ ¤)

Peer Education

(êèïðó¢ èôõ¢ ¤)

îñ£öï¢ £ì®¢ ô¢ âêä¢ õ£ ªî£øÁ¢

ðó¾õ¬îè¢ °¬øèè¢ , 1995-Þô¢

Îâúâ¢ òì¢ ¢ ï£î£»îõ£»ìù¢ âòì¢ ú¢ ¢

î´ð¹¢ ñøÁ¢ ñ¢ èì´¢ ðð¢ £´ (Üð£è)¢

î£ìì¢ ñ¢ ãøð¢ ´îî¢ ð¢ ðìì¢ ¶.

ªêù¬¢ ùò£ô¢ 50 Ýí´¢ èÀè°¢

Üî£èñ£è ²è£î£ó «ñô£í¬¢ ñ

ÜÂðõº¬ìò, îùù¢ £óõ¢ ²è£î£ó

«ê¬õè÷¢ (õ£âêâ¢ ú)¢ âùÂ ¢ ñ¢

Ü¬ñð¹¢ , ãð£ãê£-ä ï£óõ¢ è£èè¢ £ø¶.

ñ£ï£ôîî¢ £ô¢ ãð£ãê£-õ£âêâ¢ ú¢ ðô

Üó² ê£ó£ Ü¬ñð¹¢ èÀìù¢ Þ¬íï¶¢ ,

Üî£è Üð£òèÃ¢ Á ñèè¢ ÷£¬ì«ò,

Þôè°¢ ìù¢ Ã®ò î¬ôò¦´è¬÷ê¢

ªêò¶¢ õ¼è£ø¶. ð£ô£òô¢ «ï£ò¢

î´ð¹¢ ñøÁ¢ ñ¢ èì´¢ ðð¢ £´, ïìî¬¢ î

ñ£Áîô¢ ðøø¢ £ò õ£õóð¢ ðó£ñ£øø¢ ñ,¢

Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòùð¢ £ì¬¢ ì Üî£èó£èè¢ ê¢

ªêòõ¢ ¶ Þ¬õ ð£ø î£ìì¢ éè¢ ÷£ô¢

Üìé°¢ ð¬õ. ð£¶è£ð¹¢ ¬ìò õí£è

ð£ô£òô¢ àø¾èÀèª¢ èù, ªêòô¢

î£ìì¢ éè¢ ¬÷ à¼õ£è°¢ õîø°¢ ñ¢ Üñô¢

ð´î¶¢ õîø°¢ ñ,¢ ãð£ãê£-õ£âêâ¢ ú¢

ñ£õìì¢ Üó² ê£ó£ Ü¬ñð¹¢ èÀìù¢

Þ¬íï¶¢ ªêòô¢ ¹ó£è£ø¶.

ªð¼ñ÷õ£ô£ù âê¢ äõ£ âòì¢ ú¢ ¢

èôõ¢ £î¢ îèõô¢ ªð£¼ìè¢ ÷¢

à¼õ£èè¢ ðð¢ ì´¢ õ£ù£«ò£è£èè¢ ð¢

ðìì¢ ù. 2003 º¿¶ñ,¢ ªï´ëê¢ £¬ôè÷¢

âé°¢ ñ¢ «ï£òî¢ ´ð¹¢ (ð£î)¢ âùÂ ¢ ñ¢

î£ìì¢ ñ,¢ ô£ó£ ðí£ò£÷óè¢ Àìù¢

²ñ£ó¢ 700,000 °¿è¢ Ãìì¢ éè¢ ÷¢ ïìîî¢ £,¢

âêä¢ õ£ ñøÁ¢ ñ¢ ð£ôõ¢ £¬ù «ï£òè¢ ÷¢

ðøø¢ £, èôï¶¢ ¬óò£ìô¢ õ¬è

õ£õóñ÷£ð¹¢ ªêò¶¢ ÷÷¢ ¶.

âòì¢ ú¢ ¢ î´ð¹¢ ñøÁ¢ ñ¢ èì´¢ ðð¢ £´

î¤ìì¢ ñ,¢ îùù¢ £óõ¢ ²è£î£ó «ê¬õè÷¢

Þõøø¢ ¤ù¢ Ãìì¢ ¬ñðð¢ £ù ãð¤ãê¤-

õ¤âêâ¢ ú,¢ îù¶ Þóíì¢ £õ¶

èìì¢ îî¢ ¤ô¢ (2002-07), èõù¤ð¹¢ ñøÁ¢ ñ¢

Ýîó¾ ªêòôº¢ ¬ø¬ò»ñ,¢ ðí¤ò¤ì

ïøø¢ ¬ôò¦´è¬÷»ñ¢ î¤ìì¢ îî¢ ¤ô¢

«êóî¢ ¶¢ ÷÷¢ ¶. àìÂ÷÷¢ ðìñ¢ ñ£ï¤ôð¢

ðóðð¢ ¤ô¢ Ü¬ñïî¢ Üð£è-¢ õ¤âêâ¢ ú¢

ðí¤¹ó¤»ñ¢ Þìéè¢ ¬÷è¢ è£ì´¢ è¤ø¶.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:17 PM

3.3 Page 23

▲back to top

PREVENTION STRATEGIES - TAI

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - î£ò¢

Districts Where TAI Implements Prevention Programmes, 2004

î£ò¢ ï¤Áõùñ¢ î´ð¢¹ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¢ «ñø¢ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ ñ£õì¢ìé¢è÷¢, 2004

In April 2004, the Tamil Nadu AIDS

Initiative (TAI) began a programme

to prevent HIV and improve the

health and quality of life of CSWs in

11 districts in the state. The project

is funded by the Bill & Melinda

Gates Foundation, partnering with

over 24 NGOs, and is administered

by VHS.

TAI, which also means “mother,”

takes an inclusive, human-rights

based approach to prevention and

care activities. Some 41 clinics

have been set up to provide health

services to CSWs. The programme

also distributes condoms and

conducts trainings.

TAI has created 24 centers, called

“Natpukoodam” (Friend’s Clubs)

for sex workers to gather for social

and educational activities. Often

shunned by family and society, the

clubs provide a welcoming and

supportive environment while

reinforcing safe behaviour and

improving the quality of life.

Vellore

«õÖó¢

Erode

ß«ó£´

Coimbatore

«è£òñ¢¹î¢Éó¢

Dharmapuri

îó¢ñ¹ó¤

Salem

«êôñ¢

Namakkal

ï£ñè¢èô¢

Tiruchirappalli

î¤¼ê¢ê¤ó£ð¢ð÷¢÷¤

Dindigul

î¤í¢´è¢èô¢

Theni Madurai

«îù¤ ñ¶¬ó

Chennai

ªêù¢¬ù

TAI-VHS

î£ò¢-õ¤âê¢âú¢

TAI also produces a variety of informational materials.

î£ò¢ ï¤Áõùñ¢ ðô õ¬èî¢ îèõô¢ ªð£¼ì¢è¬÷»ñ¢ à¼õ£è¢°è¤ø¶.

ãð¢óô¢ 2004-Þô¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´ âò¢ì¢ú¢

Þù¤û¤«ò®õ¢ Üô¢ô¶ î£ò¢ âù¢Âñ¢

Ü¬ñð¢¹, âê¢äõ¤ î´ð¢ð¤ø¢°ñ¢ õí¤è

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ù¢ ²è£î£óñ¢

ñø¢Áñ¢ õ£ö¢è¢¬èî¢ îóî¢¬î

àòó¢î¢î¾ñ¢, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¤ù¢ 11

ñ£õì¢ìé¢è÷¤ô¢ å¼ î¤ì¢ìî¢¬î

«ñø¢ªè£í¢ì¶. ð¤ô¢ Üí¢ì¢

ªñô¤í¢ì£ «èì¢ú¢ çªð÷í¢«ìûù¢

ï¤î¤»îõ¤ ªðÁñ¢ Þî¢î¤ì¢ìî¢î¤ô¢ 24

Üó² ê£ó£ Ü¬ñð¢¹è÷¢ ðé¢°

ªðÁè¤ù¢øùó¢. Þ¶ õ¤âê¢âú¢

ï¤ó¢õ£èî¢î¤ù¢ è¦ö¢ à÷¢÷¶.

îñ¤ö¤ô¢ Üù¢¬ù âù¢Á

ªð£¼÷¢ð´ñ¢ ªðò¼¬ìò î£ò¢

ï¤Áõùñ¢, î´ð¢¹ ñø¢Áñ¢ èõù¤ð¢¹

ªêòô¢è¬÷, ñè¢èÀè¢è£è ñù¤î

àó¤¬ñ Ü®ð¢ð¬ìò¤½ñ¢

«ñø¢ªè£÷¢è¤ø¶. õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¤ù¢ ²è£î£ó

«ê¬õèÀè¢ªèù ²ñ£ó¢ 41 ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê

¬ñòé¢è÷¢ Ü¬ñè¢èð¢ ðì¢´÷¢÷ù.

îõ¤ó¾ñ¢ Ýµ¬ø õ¤ù¤«ò£èºñ¢,

ðò¤ø¢ê¤ Ü÷¤ð¢¹èÀñ¢ Þî¢î¤ì¢ìî¢î¤ô¢

à÷¢÷ù.

õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢, êÍè

ñø¢Áñ¢ èô¢õ¤ ªêò¢ôð£´èÀè¢ªèù

Ã´ñ¢ Þìñ£è, ïì¢¹è¢ Ãìñ¢ âù¢ø

ªðòó¢ ªè£í¢ì 24 ¬ñòé¢è¬÷ î£ò¢

ãø¢ð´î¢î¤ à÷¢÷¶. °´ñ¢ðé¢è÷£½ñ¢

êÍèî¢î£½ñ¢ å¶è¢èð¢ðì¢ì

Þõó¢èÀè¢°, Þè¢Ãìé¢è÷¢ ïô¢õó¾ñ¢

Ýîó¾ñ¢ à÷¢÷ Åö¢ï¤¬ô¬òî¢

î¼è¤ù¢øù. îõ¤ó¾ñ¢, ð£¶è£ð¢¹¬ìò

ïìî¢¬î¬ò õô¤»Áî¢î¾ñ¢, õ£ö¢è¢¬èî¢

îóî¢¬î àòó¢î¢î¾ñ¢ ªêò¢è¤ù¢øù.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:18 PM

3.4 Page 24

▲back to top

PREVENTION STRATEGIES - PSI/FHI

î´ð¢¹î¢ î¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¢ - ð¤âú¢ä/âçð¢âê¢ä

Population Services International (PSI), with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and USAID, works with CSWs and their

clients to prevent the spread of HIV and STDs. Activities include behaviour change outreach with high-risk men; social marketing of

condoms in high-risk areas to increase availability and reduce stigma associated with condoms; STD services; and educational

campaigns.

Operation Lighthouse, a PSI project, funded by USAID, carries out communication and service provision activities for vulnerable groups

associated with port facilities. The project works in 12 major port cities, including Chennai. Targeted media campaigns feature the

characters “Pulli Raja” and “Balbir Pasha” who engage in high-risk behaviour. The project has documented notable success, including

increased condom access and creation of mobile VCT facilities.

There are many other organizations working to fight HIV in Tamil Nadu, such as Family Health International, USA, which works with

children and AIDS orphans.

ð¤ô¢ Üí¢ì¢ ªñô¤í¢ì£ «èì¢ú¢ çªð÷í¢«ìûù¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ Îâú¢âò¢ì¢ ï¤î¤»îõ¤»ìù¢ ð£¹«ôûù¢ êó¢õ¦êú¢ Þù¢ìó¢«ïûùô¢ (ð¤âú¢ä) âù¢Âñ¢

Ü¬ñð¢¹, âê¢äõ¤ ñø¢Áñ¢ ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ ðó¾î¬ôî¢ î´ð¢ðîø¢ªèù, õí¤è ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤èÀìÂñ¢ Üõó¢è÷¤ù¢ õ£®è¢¬èò£÷ó¢èÀìÂñ¢

ªêòô£ø¢Áè¤ù¢ø¶. Üê¢ªêòô¢ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¤ô¢ Þ¬õ Üìé¢°ñ¢: Üî¤è Üð£òè¢ÃÁ ïìî¢¬î Ýí¢è÷¤ù¢ õö¤õ¬èè¬÷ ñ£ø¢ø õô¤òê¢ ªêù¢Á

õ¤õóñ÷¤î¢îô¢, Üî¤è Üð£òº÷¢÷ Þìé¢è÷¤ô¢ Ýµ¬øè÷¤ù¢ è¤¬ìð¢¬ð Üî¤èó¤è¢è êÍèó¦î¤ò¤ô¢ õ¤ø¢ð¬ù ãø¢ð´î¢¶îô¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ Ýµ¬øð¢

ðòù¢ð£ì¢¬ì Þö¤õ£èè¢ è¼¶õ¬îè¢ °¬øî¢îô¢, ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ êñ¢ðï¢îñ£ù «ê¬õè÷¢, èô¢õ¤î¢ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¢.

Îâú¢âò¢ì¢ ï¤î¤»îõ¤»÷¢÷ 'Ýð«óûù¢ ¬ôì¢ý¾ú¢' âù¢Âñ¢ ñø¢ªø£¼ ð¤âú¢ä î¤ì¢ìñ¢, ¶¬øºè «õ¬ô êñ¢ðï¢îð¢ðì¢ì Üð£òñ¢ ê£î¢î¤òñ£ù

°¿è¢è÷¤ô¢, õ¤õóñ÷¤ð¢¹ñ¢ «ê¬õ õöé¢èô¢è¬÷»ñ¢ «ñø¢ªè£í¢´÷¢÷¶. ªêù¢¬ù àì¢ðì 12 ªðó¤ò ¶¬øºè ïèóé¢è÷¤ô¢ Þî¢î¤ì¢ì ïìõ®è¢¬èè÷¢

à÷¢÷ù. èõùñ¢ ªðø«õí¢®òõó¢èÀè¢° õ¤õóñ¢ è¤¬ìð¢ð¶ è¼î¤, áìèî¢î¤ù¢ ï¤èö¢ê¢ê¤è÷£è, Üî¤è Üð£òè¢ÃÁ à¬ìò ïìî¢¬îð¢ ð£î¢î¤óé¢è÷£ù

¹÷¢÷¤ ó£ü£, ðô¢ð¦ó¢ ð£û£ «ð£ù¢ø¬õ à¼õ£è¢èð¢ ðì¢ìù. Þî¢î¤ì¢ìî¢î¤ù¢ èí¢Ãì£ù ªõø¢ø¤è÷¤ô¢ Ýµ¬øè¬÷ Üî¤èñ¢ ªðÁõ¶ñ¢, ïìñ£´ñ¢

õ¤ú¤® õêî¤è÷¢ ãø¢ðì¢ì¶ñ¢ °ø¤ð¢ð¤ìî¢ îè¢è¬õ Ý°ñ¢.

çð£ñ¤ô¤ ªýô¢î¢ Þù¢ìó¢«ïûùô¢-Üªñó¤è¢è£, ê¤Áõó¢èÀè¢°ñ¢ âò¢ì¢ú¢ è£óíî¢î£ô¢ Üù£¬î Ýùõó¢èÀè¢°ñ¢ ðí¤è÷¢ ¹ó¤õ¶ «ð£ô, Þù¢Âñ¢ ðô

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:18 PM

3.5 Page 25

▲back to top

CARE AND SUPPORT

èõù¤ð¢¹ñ¢ Ýîó¾ñ¢

The Indian Network for People

Living with HIV/AIDS (INP+) is an

NGO that represents the needs of

people living with HIV/AIDS

(PLHAs) to improve their quality of

life and counteract HIV-related

stigma. Its programmes include the

Family Counseling Center (FCC) at

the Government Hospital of

Thoracic Medicine, Chennai, a full-

service counseling, support,

testing, and antiretroviral (ART)

treatment facility. The FCC provides

patients and their families with

positive living counseling, ART

support, and refers them to

resources in their communities.

Positive Living Centers established

in the high prevalence district of

Namakkal provide care and support

to PLHAs.

The Population Foundation of India

(PFI) is the Principal Recipient of

grants from the Global Fund to

Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and

Malaria. This grant is to provide

care and support to those put on

ART by TANSACS at major public

health institutions and district

hospitals. This project is being

implemented by its PFI partners –

the Freedom Foundation,

EngenderHealth, the Confederation

of Indian Industry, and INP+.

People Served at Positive Living Centres, Namakkal, 2003 - 2004

ï£ñè¢èô¢ ïô¢õ£ö¢¾ ¬ñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ «ê¬õ ªðø¢ø ñè¢è÷¢, 2003 - 2004

1,142

830

749

293

âêð¢ä£FõîaP¤¤èm/e¢èâoiðlòip¢ðe¢ìlìse¢ú¢ìal¢ifªv°fieîn´c£gñøte¢Á¢ðwdéìit¢èhù÷H¢ õ¢ IV£ð¿/£CAîñhI¤D¢èiñlS¢èdèðr¢èe¢ ÷ðnìa¢ìffe°cöWâtïeê¢¬di¢ädîoõèw¤÷sà÷w¢÷«itïhCõ£òHh¤î¢IiªVl¬dîõr£eòøn¢øó¢i¤nòf°ecötïe¢¬dîè÷¢

INP+

äâùð¢ ¤+

âêä¢ õ¤/âòì¢ ú¢ ¢ à÷÷¢ ñèè¢ ÷¤ù¢

«î¬õè¬÷ èõù¤èè¢ ¾ñ¢ Üõóè¢ ÷¢

õ£öè¢ ¬¢ èî¢ îóî¬¢ î àòóî¢ î¢ ¾ñ,¢ âêä¢ õ¤

ªî£ø¬¢ ø Þ¿èè¢ £è è¼¶õîø°¢

âî¤óõ¢ ¤¬ù ªêòò¢ ¾ñ¢ «ñøª¢ è£íì¢

Üó² ê£ó£ Ü¬ñð¹¢ âêä¢ õ¤/âòì¢ ú¢ -¢

àìù¢ õ£¿ñ¢ ñèè¢ Àèè¢ £ù ð£óî

õ¬ôò¬ñð¹¢ (²¼èè¢ ñ£è, äâùð¢ ¤+)

Ý°ñ.¢ Üîù¢ î¤ìì¢ éè¢ ÷¤ô,¢

ªêù¬¢ ùò¤ù¢ Üó² ªïë²¢ ê£ó¾¢

ê¤è¤ê¬¢ ê ñ¼î¶¢ õñ¬ùò¤ô¢ Ü¬ñïî¢ ,

°´ñð¢ èôïî¢ £«ô£ê¬ù ¬ñòñ¢

(âçðú¢ ¤ú¤) åùø¢ £°ñ.¢ Þñ¬¢ ñòñ¢

º¿¬ñ»¬ìò èôïî¢ £«ô£ê¬ù

«ê¬õ, àîõ¤, «ê£î¬ù, î´ð¹¢ èè¢ £ù

ãÝó®¢ âÂñ¢ ñ¼î¶¢ õ õêî¤ Þõø¬¢ ø

Ü÷¤èè¢ ¤ø¶. «ï£ò£÷¤èÀè°¢ ñ¢ Üõóè¢ ÷¢

°´ñð¢ îî¢ ¤ù¼è°¢ ñ¢ «ï£»ìù¢

õê¤ðð¢ îøè¢ £ù Ý«ô£ê¬ùè÷,¢ «ï£ò¢

âî¤óð¢ ¹¢ ñ¼î¶¢ õ õêî¤, êÍèîî¢ ¤ô¢

à÷÷¢ ð¤ø «ê¬õ/õêî¤èÀè°¢

õö¤è°¢ ø¤ð¹¢ Ýè¤ò¬õè÷¢ Þñ¢

¬ñòîî¢ ¤ô¤¼ï¶¢ è¤¬ìèè¢ ¤ùø¢ ù.

ªî£øø¢ ¤ù¢ ðóõô¢ Üî¤èº÷÷¢ ï£ñèè¢ ô¢

ñ£õìì¢ îî¢ ¤ô,¢ ïôõ¢ £ö¾¢

¬ñòéè¢ ¬÷»ñ¢ Þõõ¢ ¬ñð¹¢

ãøð¢ ´îî¢ ¤»÷÷¢ ¶. Þ¬õ âêä¢ õ¤/

âòì¢ ú¢ ¢ à÷÷¢ õóè¢ Àè°¢ èõù¤ð¹¢ ñ¢

Ýîó¾ñ¢ õöé°¢ è¤ùø¢ ù.

°«÷£ðô¢ çðíì¢ ¢ ´ ç¬ðì¢ âòì¢ ú¢ ¢ -

ªüù¤õ£, ìÎ¢ ðóè¢ «ô£ú¤ú¢ Üíì¢ ¢

ñ«ôó¤ò£ âùø¢ èöèñ¢ õöé°¢ ñ¢

ñ£ù¤òî¬¢ î ð¤óî£ùñ£èð¢ ªðÁñ¢

ï¤Áõùñ¢ ð£ð¹¢ «ôûù¢ çªð÷í¢

«ìûù¢ Ýçð¢ Þí®¢ ò£ (ð¤âçðä¢ )

Ý°ñ.¢ Þññ¢ £ù¤òñ,¢ ãÝó®¢ ñ¼î¶¢ õ

õêî¤èª¢ èù ì£ùê¢ £èú¢ ¢ ï¤óí ¢ ò¤îî¢

ºèè¢ ¤ò ²è£î£ó ï¤Áõùéè¢ ÷¢ ñøÁ¢ ñ¢

ñ£õìì¢ ñ¼î¶¢ õñ¬ùè÷¤ù¢

èõù¤ð¹¢ è°¢ ñ¢ Ýîó¾è°¢ ñ¢ âù õöéè¢ ð¢

ð´è¤ø¶. Þî¢ î¤ìì¢ ñ,¢ ð¤âçðä¢ -ò¤ù¢

ðéè¢ ¤ùóè¢ ÷£ñ¢ î¤ çðó¢ ¦ìñ¢

çªð÷í«¢ ìûù,¢ âùª¢ üíì¢ óª¢ ýôî¢ ,¢

î¤ èùç¢ ªðì«óûù¢ Ýçð¢ Þí®¢ òù¢

Þùì¢ úì¢ ó¢ ¤, äâùð¢ ¤+ Þõøø¢ ¤ù¢

Íôñ£è ªêòôð¢ ´îî¢ ð¢ ð´è¤ø¶.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:18 PM

3.6 Page 26

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PPTCTS AND VCTCS

ð¤ð¤®ê¤®-è÷¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ õ¤ê¤®ê¤-è÷¢

Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission Centres (PPTCTC) and

Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centres (VCTC), November 2004

ªðø¢«ø£ó¤ìñ¤¼ï¢¶ °öï¢¬îè¢° «ï£ò¢ ðó¾îô¢ î´ð¢¹ ¬ñòé¢è÷¢ (ð¤ð¤®ê¤®ê¤) ñø¢Áñ¢

îù¢õ¤¼ð¢¹ Ý«ô£ê¬ù ñø¢Áñ¢ «ê£î¬ù ¬ñòé¢è÷¢ (õ¤ê¤®ê¤), ïõñ¢ðó¢ 2004

Prevention of parent to child

transmission of HIV during

pregnancy, delivery, and

breastfeeding has been undertaken

at 65 PPTCT centres set up by

TANSACS at hospitals and medical

facilities. Couples are counseled on

HIV/AIDS and other health

problems and mothers are tested

for HIV infection. HIV-positive

pregnant women are treated with

the prophylactic drug Nevirapine to

prevent transmission from mother

to child. Through 2004, about

700,000 mothers received

counseling and 600,000 were

tested for HIV.

Given that many people who are

infected with HIV are not aware of

it, the need for confidential testing

and counseling is critical.

TANSACS has set up 44 Voluntary

Counseling and Testing Centres

throughout the state to meet this

need.

Krishnagiri

è¤¼û¢íè¤ó¤

Vellore

«õÖó¢

Thiruvallur

î¤¼õ÷¢Ùó¢

Chennai

ªêù¢¬ù

Kancheepuram

è£ë¢ê¦¹óñ¢

Tiruvannamalai

î¤¼õí¢í£ñ¬ô

Dharmapuri

îó¢ñ¹ó¤

The Nilgiris

ï¦ôè¤ó¤

Erode

ß«ó£´

Coimbatore

«è£òñ¢¹î¢Éó¢

Salem

«êôñ¢

Villuppuram

õ¤¿ð¢¹óñ¢

Cuddalore

èìÖó¢

Namakkal

ï£ñè¢èô¢

Perambalur

ªðóñ¢ðÖó¢

Nagapattinam

Tiruchirapalli

ï£èð¢ðì¢®íñ¢

Karur î¤¼ê¢ê¤ó£ð¢ð÷¢÷¤

èÏó¢

Thanjavur

îë¢ê£×ó¢ Thiruvarur

î¤¼õ£Ïó¢

Dindigul

î¤í¢´è¢èô¢

Pudukkottai

¹¶è¢«è£ì¢¬ì

Theni

«îù¤

Madurai

ñ¶¬ó

Sivaganga

ê¤õèé¢¬è

Virudhunagar

õ¤¼¶ïèó¢

Ramanathapuram

ó£ñï£î¹óñ¢

Tirunelveli

î¤¼ªïô¢«õô¤

Thoothukkudi

Éî¢¶è¢°®

Kanniyakumari

èù¢ò£°ñó¤

PPTCTC

ð¤ð¤®ê¤®

VCTC

õ¤ê¤®ê¤

TANSACS

ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢

ªðø¢«ø£ó¤ìñ¤¼ï¢¶ °öï¢¬îè¢°

«ï£ò¢ ðó¾îô¢ î´ð¢¹ è¼î¤,

ñ¼î¢¶õñ¬ùè÷¤½ñ¢ ñø¢ø ²è£î£ó

õêî¤ò¬ñð¢¹è÷¤½ñ¢, 65

¬ñòé¢è¬÷ ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢ ãø¢ð´î¢î¤

à÷¢÷¶. Þ¬õ

è¼¾ø¢ø¤¼è¢¬èò¤½ñ¢, °öï¢¬î

ð¤øè¢¬èò¤½ñ¢, î£ò¢ð¢ð£ô¢

î¼¬èò¤½ñ¢ ªðø¢«ø£ó¤ìñ¤¼ï¢¶

°öï¢¬îè¢° âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Á

«ïó¢õ¬îî¢ î´ð¢ðîø¢°

ªêòô¢ð£´è¬÷ «ñø¢ªè£í¢´÷¢÷ù.

èíõù¢ ñ¬ùõ¤ò¼è¢° âê¢äõ¤/

âò¢ì¢ú¢ ðø¢ø¤»ñ¢ ð¤ø ²è£î£ó

ð¤óê¢ê¬ùè÷¢ ðø¢ø¤»ñ¢

Ý«ô£ê¬ùè÷¢ õöé¢èð¢ ð´è¤ù¢øù.

Üù¢¬ùò¼è¢° âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Á

«ê£î¬ù ªêò¢òð¢ ð´è¤ø¶. âê¢äõ¤

Þ¼ð¢¹÷¢÷ è¼¾ø¢ø ªðí¢èÀè¢°,

°öï¢¬îè¢°î¢ ªî£ø¢Á «ïó¢õ¬îî¢

î´è¢°ñ¢ õ¬èò¤ô¢, ºù¢î´ð¢¹è¢è£ù

ªïõ¤ó£¬ðù¢ âù¢Âñ¢ ñ¼ï¢¶ê¢

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê Ü÷¤è¢èð¢ ð´è¤ø¶. 2004-

Ýñ¢ Ýí¢´ º¿¶ñ¢, ²ñ£ó¢ 700,000

Üù¢¬ùò¼è¢° Ý«ô£ê¬ù õöé¢èð¢

ðì¢ì¶. 600,000 Üù¢¬ùò¼è¢°

âê¢äõ¤ «ê£î¬ù»ñ¢ ªêò¢òð¢

ðì¢ì¶.

âê¢äõ¤ ªî£ø¢Á à÷¢÷ ðô¼è¢°ñ¢

Üîù¢ Þ¼ð¢¹ ªîó¤ï¢î¤¼ð¢ðî¤ô¢¬ô

âù¢ðî£ô¢, Þóèê¤òñ£ù º¬øò¤ô¢

«ê£î¬ù ªêò¢ò õêî¤ Ü¬ñð¢ð¶ñ¢,

Ý«ô£ê¬ù Ü÷¤ð¢ð¶ñ¢ ñ¤è

ºè¢è¤òñ£ù¬õ. Þî¢ «î¬õè¢ªèù,

ñ£ï¤ôñ¢ º¿õ¶ñ£è, 44 îù¢õ¤¼ð¢¹

Ý«ô£ê¬ù ñø¢Áñ¢ «ê£î¬ù

¬ñòé¢è¬÷, ì£ù¢ê£è¢ú¢ ãø¢ð´î¢î¤

à÷¢÷¶.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:18 PM

3.7 Page 27

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AFTERWORD

ð¤ù¢Â¬ó

Tamil Nadu is well-known throughout India for its rapid response to the presence of HIV/AIDS in its society. The state’s early programme

served as a model for other states. Awareness of HIV, which was only about 23 percent in 1992, is virtually universal today. Testing for

infection at antenatal care sentinel sites now suggests that prevalence may even be on the decline. Such observations can lead some to

complacency, but HIV remains a serious threat in many parts of the state. HIV/AIDS programmes may have stemmed the tide of the

disease, but complete elimination of this terrible threat will require even greater and sustained effort.

Today, HIV/AIDS programmes have become far more multidimensional than the awareness-raising campaigns of the past. In Tamil Nadu,

care and support for people living with the disease is a critical need. Statewide prevention and treatment of STDs, inclusion of many new

groups in education campaigns, a 100 percent safe blood supply – all of these and more are essential components of the struggle against

HIV. Tamil Nadu and its partners have taken up these challenges. Complete success can be declared only when these goals have been

achieved.

îù¶ êºî£òî¢î¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ Þ¼ð¢¹ è¼î¤, ¶ó¤î âî¤ó¢ ïìõ®è¢¬è â´ð¢ðî¤ô¢, îñ¤ö¢ï£´ ð£óîñ¢ º¿¶ñ¢ ïø¢ªðòó¢ ªðø¢Á÷¢÷¶.

Þñ¢ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¤ù¢ ªî£ìè¢èî¢ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¢ ð¤ø ñ£ï¤ôé¢èÀè¢° ºù¢«ù£®ò£ò¢ Ü¬ñï¢îù. 1992-Þô¢ ²ñ£ó¢ 23 êîõ¦îñ£è«õ Þ¼ï¢î âê¢äõ¤ ðø¢ø¤ò Üø¤¾,

Þð¢«ð£¶ ãøî¢î£ö º¿¬ñò£ò¢ à÷¢÷¶. «ðø¢Á ºù¢ï¤¬ô èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ù¢ èõù¤ð¢ð¤ù¢«ð£¶ «ñø¢ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ ªî£ø¢Áè¢è£ù

«ê£î¬ùè÷¤ù¢ð®, «ï£ò¤ù¢ õ¤ó¤¾ Þð¢«ð£¶ °¬øòî¢ ¶õé¢°õ¬îè¢ è£ì¢´è¤ø¶. Þî¢î¬èò è¼î¢¶è¢è÷¢ ê¤ô¼è¢° îõø£ù ï¤¬ø¾

ñùð¢ð£ù¢¬ñ¬òî¢ îóô£ñ¢. Ýù£ô¢, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¤ù¢ ðô ð°î¤è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤ ªðó¤ò Üð£òñ£è«õ Þ¼ï¢¶ õ¼è¤ø¶. âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¢ «ï£ò¢

õ¤ó¤¾è¢° õóñ¢¹ èì¢®ò¤¼è¢èô£ñ¢ âù¤Âñ¢, Þð¢ ðòé¢èó Ýðî¢¬î º¿¶ñ¢ õ¤ôè¢è, Þù¢Âñ¢ Üî¤èñ£ù ñø¢Áñ¢ Þ¬ìõ¤ì£î ºòø¢ê¤è÷¢ «î¬õ.

Þù¢ø÷õ¤ô¢, âê¢äõ¤/âò¢ì¢ú¢ î¤ì¢ì ï¤óô¢è÷¢, ºï¢¬îò õ¤ö¤ð¢¹íó¢¾ ªêòô¢î¤ì¢ìé¢è¬÷è¢ èìï¢¶, ªõ°õ£è ðô ðó¤ñ£íé¢è÷¤ô¢ ªêòô¢

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù «ï£ò¢ î´ð¢¹ ñø¢Áñ¢ ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê, èô¢õ¤ ªêòô¢ î¤ì¢ìé¢è÷¤ô¢ ¹î¤ò °¿è¢è¬÷ ãø¢øô¢, 100 êîõ¦îñ¢ ð£¶è£ð¢ð£ù Þóî¢îñ¢ è¤¬ìè¢èê¢ ªêò¢îô¢

- Þ¬õ âô¢ô£ñ¢ Þù¢ùºñ¢ Üî¤èñ£ù âê¢äõ¤-ä âî¤ó¢è¢°ñ¢ «ð£ó£ì¢ìé¢è÷¤ù¢ Üñ¢êé¢è÷£°ñ¢. îñ¤ö¢ï£´ñ¢ Üîù¢ Ãì¢´è¢ èöèé¢èÀñ¢ Þê¢êõ£ô¢è¬÷

ãø¢Áð¢ ðí¤ò£ø¢Áè¤ù¢øù. Þè¢°ø¤è¢«è£÷¢è÷¢ ï¤¬ø«õø¢øð¢ ðì¢ì£ô¢î£ù¢ º¿ ªõø¢ø¤¬ò Üø¤õ¤è¢è Þò½ñ¢.

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:18 PM

3.8 Page 28

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STATISTICAL APPENDIX

¹÷¢÷¤õ¤õó ð¤ù¢ù¤¬íð¢¹

HIV Prevalence at Sentinel Sites, 1999 - 2004 (percent testing positive for HIV)

èí¢è£í¤ð¢¹ îôé¢è÷¤ô¢ âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹ õ¤õóñ¢, 1999- 2004 («ê£î¬ùè÷¤ô¢ ªîó¤ï¢î âê¢äõ¤ Þ¼ð¢¹Áî¤ êîõ¦îñ¢)

STD

ð£ô¢õ¤¬ù

«ï£ò£÷¤è÷¢

ANC

«ðø¢Á ºù¢ï¤¬ô

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê ¬ñòé¢è÷¢

IVDU

Þóî¢îï£÷ º¬øò¤ô¢

«ð£¬î ªè£÷¢«õ£ó¢

FSW

ªðí¢ ð£ô¤òô¢

ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

MSM

Ýí¢èÀìù¢ àì½ø¾

ªè£÷¢Àñ¢ Ýí¢è÷¢

TB Patients

è£ê

«ï£ò£÷¤è÷¢

1998

12.0

1.0

1999

10.4

1.0

2000

16.8

1.0

2001

9.6

1.1

24.6

2002

14.7

0.9

33.8

2003

9.2

0.8

63.8

8.8

2004

8.4

0.7

39.9

4.0

11.8

9.6

4.0

2.4

4.4

6.8

6.9

BSS, Urban, 2002-2004

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¢¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¢, ïèóð¢¹øñ¢, 2002-2004

Percent Knowing

Two Ways to

Prevent HIV

Total

âê¢äõ¤ îõ¤ó¢è¢è Þ¼

õö¤è÷¢ ªîó¤ï¢îõó¢

êîõ¦îñ¢

ªñ£îî¢ ñ¢

HIV

Knowledge

without

Misconceptions

îõø£ù

è¼î¢¶è÷ø¢ø

âê¢äõ¤ Üø¤¾

Involvement in Non-regular

Sex in the Past Year

èìï¢î Ýí¢®ô¢

õöè¢èñ£ô¢ô£îõó¢èÀìù¢ àì½ø¾

All

Types

âô¢ô£

õ¬èèÀñ¢

Paid

õ¤¬ôè¢°

Non-paid

(Casual)

õ¤¬ôò¤ù¢ø¤

(îø¢ªêòô£ò¢)

Condom Use in Non-regular

Sex in the Past Year

õöè¢èñ£ô¢ô£î àøõ¤ô¢ èìï¢î

Ýí¢®ô¢ Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´

All

Types

âô¢ô£

õ¬èèÀñ¢

Paid

õ¤¬ôè¢°

Non-paid

(Casual)

õ¤¬ôò¤ù¢ø¤

(îø¢ªêòô£ò¢)

Female sex workers

ªðí¢ ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

Truckers and helpers

ô£ó¤ æì¢´ùó¢ àîõ¤ò£÷ó¢

Male factory workers

ªî£ö¤ø¢ê£¬ô «õ¬ô Ýí¢è÷¢

Female factory workers ªî£ö¤ø¢ê£¬ô «õ¬ô ªðí¢è÷¢

Male youth in slums

°®¬êð¢ ð°î¤ Ýí¢ Þ¬÷ëó¢

Male migrant workers

«õ¬ôè°¢ Þìñ¢ ªðò¼ñ¢ Ýí¢è÷¢

Female migrant workers «õ¬ôè°¢ Þìñ¢ ªðò¼ñ¢ ªðíè¢ ÷¢

Intravenous drug users Þóî¢î ï£÷ õö¤ «ð£¬î ªè£÷¢«õ£ó¢

Men having sex with men Ýí¢ ð£½ø¾ Ýí¢è÷¢

97.2

96.7

97.6

94.7

97.2

84.5

97.1

93.2

34.2

34.3

36.9

46.3

48.5

30.1

27.8

44.6

100.0

29.0

17.2

4.7

15.9

21.3

8.0

24.7

23.5

7.9

7.5

12.2

40.0

10.2

10.7

9.7

13.3

41.7

87.0*

77.6

54.3

39.6

46.6

50.2

34.7

55.6

84.0**

90.0

90.3

81.0

75.6

68.0

23.6***

41.7

28.0

21.1

22.1

44.8

Symptoms of

Sought

Urethritis or Treatment from

Other STIs in

a Qualified

Past Year

Doctor

èìï¢î Ýí¢®ô¢ ê¤Áï¦ó¢

î£¬óòöø¢ê¤ ð¤ø

ð£ô¢«ï£ò¢ ªî£ø¢Á

Ü¬ìò£÷ñ¢

î°î¤ò£ù

ñ¼î¢¶ó¤ìñ¢

ê¤è¤ê¢¬ê

ªðø¢ø£ó¢

Exposure

One-to-one

Counseling

«ï¼è¢° «ïó¢

êï¢î¤ð¢ð¤ô¢

õ¤õóñ¢ ªðÁ¬è

19.3

6.5

2.2

2.9

3.4

6.9

78.9

84.1

53.8

58.5

53.4

74.6

68.3

28.7

11.7

16.9

32.3

8.6

13.5

35.6

34.7

BSS, Rural, 2003

ïìî¢¬î èí¢è£í¢¤ð¢¹ Ýò¢¾è÷¢, è¤ó£ñð¢¹øñ¢, 2003

Percent Knowing

HIV

Two Ways to Knowledge

Prevent HIV

without

Total

Misconceptions

âê¢äõ¤ îõ¤ó¢è¢è Þ¼

õö¤è÷¢ ªîó¤ï¢îõó¢

êîõ¦îñ¢

ªñ£îî¢ ñ¢

îõø£ù

è¼î¢¶è÷ø¢ø

âê¢äõ¤

Üø¤¾

Involvement in Non-regular

Sex in the Past Year

èìï¢î Ýí¢®ô¢

õöè¢èñ£ô¢ô£îõó¢èÀìù¢ àì½ø¾

All

Types

âô¢ô£

õ¬èèÀñ¢

Paid

õ¤¬ôè¢°

Non-paid

(Casual)

õ¤¬ôò¤ù¢ø¤

(îø¢ªêòô£ò¢)

Condom Use in

Last Non-regular Sex

õöè¢èñ£ô¢ô£î àøõ¤ô¢ èìï¢î

Ýí¢®ô¢ Ýµ¬øð¢ ðòù¢ð£´

All

Types

âô¢ô£

õ¬èèÀñ¢

Paid

õ¤¬ôè¢°

Non-paid

(Casual)

õ¤¬ôò¤ù¢ø¤

(îø¢ªêòô£ò¢)

Female sex workers

ªðí¢ ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô£÷¤è÷¢

Clients of sex workers

ð£ô¤òô¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ õ£®è¬¢ èò£÷ó¢

Rural male youth

è¤ó£ñð¹¢ ø Ýí¢ Þ¬÷ëó¢

Male agricultural and allied workers

«õ÷£í¢ Ü¶ ê£ó¾¢ «õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Female agricultural and allied workers

«õ÷£í¢ Ü¶ ê£ó¾¢ «õ¬ô ªðíè¢ ÷¢

Male artisans and cottage industry workers ¸íª¢ î£ö¤ô¢ °®¬êî¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Female artisans and cottage industry workers ¸íª¢ î£ö¤ô¢ °®¬êî¢ ªî£ö¤ô¢ ªðíè¢ ÷¢

Male construction and quarry workers

èì´¢ ñ£ù ñøÁ¢ ñ¢ èô½¢ ¬ìð¹¢ «õ¬ô Ýíè¢ ÷¢

Female construction and quarry workers èì´¢ ñ£ù ñøÁ¢ ñ¢ èô½¢ ¬ìð¹¢ «õ¬ô ªðíè¢ ÷¢

90.3

92.7

94.5

90.2

71.1

93.9

75.2

92.6

60.2

*All clients

**Regular clients ***Regular partners

âôô¢ £ õ£®è¬¢ èò¤½ñ¢ õöèè¢ õ£®è¬¢ èò¤ô¢

õöèè¢ ð¢ ðéè¢ £÷óè¢ Àìù¢

45.0

45.7

51.3

53.2

38.0

51.7

44.0

43.2

36.3

100.0

2.5

0.8

1.9

7.9

2.8

5.6

2.4

5.8

2.7

4.1

0.8

7.1

2.3

4.8

7.3

82.0 *

72.5

60.0

33.5

30.8

43.5

0.0

39.5

3.5

12.8 **

72.0

83.3

71.6

88.9

76.8

3.0 ***

56.8

53.3

16.3

25.0

21.0

Exposure

Group

Meetings

°¿è¢

Ãì¢ìé¢è÷¤ô¢

õ¤õóñ¢

ªðÁ¬è

10.1

9.0

27.7

11.5

5.2

11.0

2.5

8.7

4.2

Exposure

One-to-one

Counseling

«ï¼è¢° «ïó¢

êï¢î¤ð¢ð¤ô¢

õ¤õóñ¢

ªðÁ¬è

Mark

Shame

ªõìè¢ è¢

«è´

âù¢Âñ¢

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Isolate

Person

ïð¬óî¢

î÷¢÷¤

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8.8

5.0

17.2

5.7

7.5

9.3

5.7

5.3

6.5

61.0

47.1

40.0

69.7

67.8

69.1

66.9

70.5

62.9

17.6

16.5

12.5

33.8

30.2

34.4

30.3

31.3

33.4

HIV-AIDS-2005 (Tamilnadu).pmd

29/12/2006, 2:18 PM