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WASH Fact n Factors%2C Fact Sheet Jaipur HUP |
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01 JAIPUR
THE CITY
Jaipur City’s Population has Increased
Five Times Since Independence
Rajasthan
Jaipur is the capital city of Rajasthan,
India’s desert state. Commonly known as
the pink city, it is one of the first planned
cities of the country. The Jaipur Municipal
Corporation (JMC) covers an area of 467
sq km1. However, the Jaipur Development
Authority (JDA) covers an area of 1,464 sq
km, as part of the city's future development
expansion.
Jaipur
Jaipur city's population is around 3.07
million (2011 census), with 17 percent of
total urban population of Rajasthan. As per
2011 census, Jaipur city witnessed a 32.2
percent population growth. During 1951-
2011, the city's population went up five
times2. The city has a skewed population
density. The total area under the JMC for the
walled city# is 6.7 sq km (2.32 percent of the
total area of the corporation). The
population density of the walled city area
was 58,207 persons/sq km, while the
population density of JMC was 8,054
persons/sq km.
Jaipur: Some Figures
Population
: 3,073,350 *
Sex ratio
: 898
Decadal population 32.2%
growth
:
Number of
listed slums
190 slums under the JMC
: & 47 slums under the JDA
% of slums without 56.13%
drinking water
access
:
% of slums without 19%
sanitation access :
* 2011 census and CDP for Jaipur region, 2006
STATE OF
INCLUSIVE
WATSAN
IN CITIES
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01 JAIPUR
Slum population has come down due to
relocation
STATE OF
INCLUSIVE
WATSAN
IN CITIES
As per the City Development Plan (CDP),
Jaipur’s slum population was 16 percent
of the total population in 1971. This
went up to 31 percent in 1991. It
subsequently recorded a sharp decline
to 11 percent in 2004. According to the
CDP, Jaipur city had 109 slums in 1971,
which increased to 183 in 2004. Of these
74 are in environmentally sensitive areas
prone to floods, or on the main roads
and forests.
As per survey conducted in preparation of
Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY, 2011) there are 192
slums under JMC and another 46 JDA. Jaipur
has listed 59,476 slum households3.
However, but according to the survey by
Shristi under the JMC in 2012, the number
of slums under the JMC is 190 and the
number of poverty pockets according to the
vulnerability survey by the Health of the
Urban Poor (HUP) and the Bhoruka
Charitable Trust (BCT)4 stood at 59 in the
year 2011.
The only million plus city of Rajasthan,
Jaipur has the distinction of having the
largest slum population of Rajasthan.
According to 2001 census, the population
of the slums is counted at 3,50,353, that
is, about 10.60 percent. The city’s slum
population, when compared to
Rajasthan’s entire population, shows that
22.4 percent of the state’s slum dwellers
reside in Jaipur city5.
ACCESS OF SLUMS TO DRINKING WATER
56 percent households in slums don't
have access to definite water sources
There are various figures on the
coverage and service level of the water
supply in the city’s slums. (See chart:
different data, discouraging situation)
The water supply scheme of the Public
Health Engineering Department (PHED)
covers around 86.5 percent of the slum
population. For the rest, there are
other sources of water to depend on.
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01 JAIPUR
16%
39%
Different data, discouraging situation
12%
8%
26%
45%
17%
37%
Community water sources
Private sources
No definite water sources
CDP Data 2006
According to the CDP, 45 percent of
urban poor families depend on
community water sources, 39 percent
on private water sources, and 16
percent have no definite source of
water.
According to a study conducted in 2009
by the non-profit organization Mahila
Housing Sewa Trust (MHST) in 20096,
one fourth of the households in slums
have no definite source of water. The
study found that 26 percent of slum
households had access to in-house tap
connections; 37 percent were
dependent on public taps; 17 percent
on neighbours; and 8 percent on private
sellers of water.
Tap connection
Public taps
Neighbours
Private sellers
No information
MHST Data 2009
ACCESS OF SLUMS TO SANITATION
Half of the households don't have access
to toilets
The CDP admits the sorry state of sanitation
in the city’s slums. “Basic sanitation facilities
are absent in most of the slums,” it says.
There are 76 community latrines for slums
and others in general in the city. This is much
below the required number. “As a result
most of the slum dwellers resort to open
defecation along the roads and open drains,
polluting the surroundings and risking their
health,” says the CDP. Poor operation and
maintenance (O&M) of community toilets
and lack of behavior change communication
(BCC) in the community adds to the
situation of open defecation.
STATE OF
INCLUSIVE
WATSAN
IN CITIES
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01 JAIPUR
STATE OF
INCLUSIVE
WATSAN
IN CITIES
According to the study by the MHST, 40
percent of households in slums had
access to in-house toilets while 2 percent
accessed community toilet facilities.
“Fourty-nine percent households have no
toilet facility and resort to defecation in
open,” the study found.
The city has a sewerage network covering
only 56% of the population. Most of the
population resorts to septic tanks. In the
absence of proper facilities in slums, the
slum population resorts to open defecation,
which is environmentally hazardous. The
total sewerage generated is 200 Million
Liters Per Day (MLD) while the capacity of
the treatment plant is only 89.5 MLD7.
The city’s solid waste management is
hugely inadequate. The CDP says that
only 45 percent of the city's waste could
be collected regularly under the existing
infrastructure. Solid waste collection and
safe disposal didn't exist for the slums.
A TURNAROUND
The government of Rajasthan declared a
Slum Development Policy in 2010. The
policy focuses on slum development/
redevelopment with private sector
participation. One of the key policy
objectives is to prevent growth of slums.
People who have been residing in a slum
since August 15, 2009 are eligible for this
program. Access to drinking water and
sanitation is an in-built aspect of this policy.
Besides, Jaipur is one of the cities covered
under the Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).
Under this, affordable housing for the
urban poor and slum redevelopment are
key activities.
1 http://www.jaipurmc.org
2 Master Development plan for Jaipur region prepared for the Horizon year 2025.
3 JMC and JDA
4. Vulnerability Assessment Survey by HUP-Bhoruka Charitable Trust, (unpublished), Indian Institute of Health Management Research
(IIHMR), 2011.
5 Report of the committee of slum statistics, GoI, MoHUPA, 2010
6. Status of Urban Slums in Gujarat and Rajasthan: A Case Study of Seven Cities, Mahila Housing Sewa Trust, 2009, Ahmedabad,
www.sewahousing.org.
7 CDP; for details see: http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/CDP-Jaipur1.pdf.
# JMC area includes walled city and the rest of JMC
Additional Sources
Affordable Housing Policy, 2009
Slum Development Policy, 2010
State Water Policy, 2007
IIHMR
JAIPUR
For more information please contact:
Health of the Urban Poor (HUP) Program
Population Foundation of India
B-28, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi-110 016, Tel: 91-11-43894166, Fax: 91-11-43894199
E-mail: info_hup@populationfoundation.in, www.populationfoundation.in
This document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Population Foundation of India and do not necessarily
reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.