HIV AIDS Chartbook Uttar Pradesh 2007

HIV AIDS Chartbook Uttar Pradesh 2007



1 Pages 1-10

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1.1 Page 1

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Facts, Figures and Response
to
HIV/AIDS
in
UTTAR PRADESH
Population Foundation of India
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©¢U«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ
Uttar Pradesh State AIDS Control Society
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
∞ø •Ê߸U flË/∞«˜U‚ ¬⁄U ‚¢ÿÈÄà ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ (ÿÍ∞Ÿ∞«˜U‚)
Population Reference Bureau
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ ⁄U»§⁄Uã‚ éÿÍ⁄UÊ
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê
◊¥
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚
Ãâÿ, •Ê¢∑§«∏U •ÊÒ⁄U ¡flÊ’Œ„UË
June 2007
¡ÍŸ wÆÆ|

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1.3 Page 3

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Facts, Figures and Response
to
HIV/AIDS
in
UTTAR PRADESH
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê
◊¥
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚
Ãâÿ, •Ê¢∑§«∏U •ÊÒ⁄U ¡flÊ’Œ„UË

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Áfl·ÿ ‚ÍøË
Foreword ............................................................................................... 3
Preface .................................................................................................. 4
HIV/AIDS in Uttar Pradesh .................................................................. 5
Sentinel Sites in Uttar Pradesh ........................................................... 6
HIV/AIDS Spreads across Uttar Pradesh ........................................... 8
Awareness of HIV/AIDS ..................................................................... 10
Risky Sexual Activity .......................................................................... 13
The Role of Sexually-transmitted Disease ........................................ 14
Commercial Sex Work ....................................................................... 16
Testing for Infection ............................................................................ 18
Stigma and Discrimination ................................................................. 19
Uttar Pradesh: Working to Prevent HIV/AIDS ................................... 20
UNAIDS in Uttar Pradesh .................................................................. 24
2
¬˝ÊÄ∑§ÕŸ ................................................................................................... 3
¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ .................................................................................................... 4
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ........................................................................ 5
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡ÊU ◊¥ ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ (¡Ê°ø ∑§ãº˝) .................................................................. 6
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê »Ò§‹Êfl .......................................................... 8
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ................................................................ 10
¡ÙÁπ◊ ÷⁄UË ÿıŸ ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¢ ......................................................................... 13
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê .......................................................................... 14
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸ .................................................................................. 16
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ........................................................................................ 18
∑§‹¢∑§ •ı⁄U ÷Œ÷Êfl..................................................................................... 19
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê— ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸⁄Uà ............................................20
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡ÊU ◊¥ ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚ .................................................................................. 24

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FOREWORD
¬˝ÊÄ∑§ÕŸ
HIV/AIDS has come to India and India has taken up the fight against
it. India recognized the dangers of this incurable disease early on.
It is true that India is considered a low HIV prevalence country.
That presents us with both an opportunity and a danger. We have
the opportunity to turn back HIV before it becomes a true epidemic.
The danger is that low prevalence can lead to complacency, one of
HIV’s most powerful allies.
The fight against HIV has and will have many aspects. Information
about the existence of the disease and how it is contracted must be
universal. Factual information can end the terrible stigma associated
with HIV, as ignorance breeds fear. With treatment, HIV-positive
people can live satisfying, useful lives in their village or city. The fight
against stigma must, however, be fought at all levels of society and by
all in a position to educate and inform.
The task is a large one. Bringing HIV knowledge as well as care and
support to a vast, largely rural population is a true challenge. But, led
by the National AIDS Control Organisation and the State AIDS
Control Societies, the battle has been fully joined.
We hope that this chartbook, brought out by the Population
Foundation of India, New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh State AIDS Control
Society, Lucknow and the Population Reference Bureau, Washington,
D.C., will play a role in disseminating the facts that underlie HIV in
Uttar Pradesh. This project was funded through the generosity of the
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), India office.
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ÷Ê⁄Uà Ã∑§ •Ê ¬„È¢UøÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ߂∑§ ÁflL§h ‹«∏UÊ߸ ¿U«∏U øÈ∑§Ê „ÒU– ÷Ê⁄UÃ
Ÿ ‚◊ÿ ⁄U„UÃ „UË ß‚ •‚Êäÿ ⁄UÙª ‚ ¬ÒŒÊ „UÙŸ flÊ‹ πÃ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬„UøÊŸ Á‹ÿÊ „ÒU– ÿ„U ÷Ë ‚ø „UÒ
Á∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ߂ ⁄UÙª ∑§ ÁŸêŸ ‚ê÷ÊÁflà ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ◊¥ •ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„U ÉÊ≈UŸÊ „U◊¥ •fl‚⁄U •ı⁄U ¡ÙÁπ◊
ŒÙŸÙ¥ ¬Á⁄UÁSÕÁÃÿÙ¥ ‚ •flªÃ ∑§⁄UÊÃË „ÒU– „U◊Ê⁄U ¬Ê‚ •÷Ë ∞∑§ •fl‚⁄U „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§
◊„UÊ◊Ê⁄UË ’ŸŸ ‚ ¬„U‹ ß‚‚ ’øÊfl ∑§⁄U ‚∑¥§– πÃ⁄UÊ ÿ „ÒU Á∑§ ÁŸ◊A SÃ⁄UËÿ √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ flÊ‹ ˇÊò ÊÙ¥
◊¥ ‹Ùª ‚â ÁÈ CUÔ ‚ ’∆Ò U ¡ÊÃ „U¥Ò– ¡Ù Á∑§ ∞ø •ÊßU¸ flË ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ πÃ⁄UŸÊ∑§ ÁSÕÁà „UÒ–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ÁflL§h ‹«∏UÊ߸ ∑§ •Ÿ∑§ ¬„U‹Í „Ò¥U– •ı⁄U ÿ„U ÷Ë „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ß‚ ⁄UÙª ∑§
Áfl·ÿ ◊¢ •ı⁄U ß‚∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§Ù¥ ‚ ¡È«∏UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ê ôÊÊŸ ‚fl¸√ÿʬ∑§ „UÙŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞–
ß‚‚ ¡È«∏UË ‚„UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ê’ÁãœÃ ∑§‹¢∑§ ∑§Ù πà◊ ∑§⁄UŸ ◊¥ ‚„UÊÿ∑§ „UÙªË, ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë
øË Ê ∑§Ù Ÿ Ê⁄U•ãŒÊ Ê ∑§⁄UŸ ‚ ©U‚‚ ¡È«∏UÊ «U⁄U ’…∏U ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚∑§ ©U¬øÊ⁄U ‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË-
¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ‹Ùª ‚¢ÃÈc≈U, ©U¬ÿÙªË ¡ËflŸ •¬Ÿ „UË ªÊ¢fl •ı⁄U ‡Ê„U⁄U ◊¥ Á’ÃÊ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§
ß‚‚ ¡È«∏U ∑§‹¢∑§ ∑§ Áπ‹Ê»§ ‚◊Ê¡ ∑§ „U⁄U ∞∑§ SÃ⁄U ¬⁄U ‹«∏UÊ߸ ‹«∏UË ¡ÊŸË øÊÁ„U∞ •ı⁄U ‚÷Ë
‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù ß‚‚ ¡È«∏UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË fl Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§Ë ÁŒ‡ÊÊ ◊¥ ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞–
ÿ„U ’„ÈUà ∑§Á∆UŸ ∑§Ê◊ „ÒU– ÁflSÃÎà ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ¡Ÿ‚¢ÅÿÊ Ã∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ¡È«∏UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬„È¢UøÊŸÊ
∞∑§ øÈŸıÃˬÍáʸ ∑§Ê◊ „ÒU– ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚¢ª∆UŸ •ı⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ù‚ÊßÁ≈UÿÙ¥
∑§ ‚ÊÕ Á◊‹∑§⁄U ∞∑§ ‚Ê¢¤ÊÊ ‹«∏UÊ߸ •Ê⁄Uê÷ „UÙ øÈ∑§Ë „Ò–
„U◊ ©Uê◊ËŒ ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©Uá«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ, Ÿß¸U ÁŒÀ‹Ë, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ
∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ù‚Êß≈UË, ‹πŸ™§ •ı⁄U ¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ ⁄ÒU»§⁄Uã‚ éÿÍ⁄UÙ, flÊÚÁ‡Ê¢ª≈UŸ-«UË ‚Ë ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ
¬˝∑§ÊÁ‡Êà øÊ≈¸U’È∑§ ∑§Ê ÿ„U ¬˝∑§Ê‡ÊŸ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ¡È«∏U ÃâÿÙ¥ ∑§ ¬˝øÊ⁄U-¬˝‚Ê⁄U ◊¥
◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ÁŸ÷Ê∞ªË– ß‚ ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ¬⁄U ‚¢ÿÈÄà ⁄UÊc≈˛U
∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ (ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚) ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Êÿʸ‹ÿ ‚ ¬˝øÈ⁄U ◊ÊòÊÊ ◊¥ •ŸÈŒÊŸ ¬˝Êåà „ÈU•Ê–
New Delhi
June 2007
A. R. Nanda
Executive Director
Population Foundation of India
Ÿß¸U ÁŒÀ‹Ë
¡ÍŸ wÆÆ|
∞. •Ê⁄U. ŸãŒ
•Áœ‡ÊÊ‚Ë ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©Uá«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ
3

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PREFACE
¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ
Lucknow
June 2007
4
‹πŸ™§
¡ÍŸ wÆÆ|

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HIV/AIDS IN UTTAR PRADESH
With a population of 166 million
at the 2001 Census approaching
188 million in 2007, Uttar Pradesh
is India’s largest state in population
and one of its fastest growing.
While HIV prevalence is low at
present, the state is considered
highly vulnerable by the National
AIDS Control Organisation (NACO).
HIV spreads quietly in a
unsuspecting population as it has
no immediate symptoms. Few
infected people may suspect their
condition so that they may, in turn,
infect others.
Part of Uttar Pradesh’s vulnerability
lies in a population where illiteracy
is still widespread despite improving
educational levels. In the 2001
Census, 31 percent of males and
58 percent of females were listed
as illiterate. The state is also a
major crossroads for commercial
traffic, one way HIV is known to
spread. With nearly 80 percent of
its population living in rural areas,
reaching people with essential
HIV information is a difficult task.
A low level of HIV prevalence
presents both an opportunity and a
danger. The opportunity to arrest
its spread is here today, the danger
is that its quiet nature will expand
its devastation tomorrow.
Uttar Pradesh’s Risk Factors
• High levels of poverty
• Large presence of high-risk groups at targeted
Interventions
– Over 50,000 truckers on eight national highways
– Over 8,000 sex workers
• A large migrant population
• Long, porous Indo-Nepal border
• Low, but rising, HIV/AIDS awareness among rural
females
• Over 20 percent slum population in 69 cities and towns
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ¡ÙÁπ◊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ
• ª⁄UË’Ë ∑§Ê ©UìÊ SÃ⁄U
• ©UìÊ ¡ÙÁπ◊¬Íáʸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U flÊ‹ ‹ÁˇÊà „USÃˇÊ¬ ‚◊Í„U
- •Ê∆U ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ⁄UÊÖÿ◊ʪÙZ ¬⁄U zÆ,ÆÆÆ ‚ •Áœ∑§ ≈˛U∑§ øÊ‹∑§
- },ÆÆÆ ‚ •Áœ∑§ ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ
• •Áœ∑§ ‚¢ÅÿÊ ◊¥ ¬˝flÊ‚Ë •Ê’ÊŒË
• ÉÊÈ‚¬Ò∆U ∑§ Á‹∞ •Ê‚ÊŸ ‹ê’Ë, ÷Ê⁄Uà - Ÿ¬Ê‹ ‚Ë◊Ê
• ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ÁŸêŸ Á∑§ãÃÈ ’…∏UÃË „ÈU߸
¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
• {~ ‡Ê„U⁄UÙ¥ •ı⁄U ∑§S’Ù¥ ◊¥ wÆ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ‚ ÖÿÊŒÊ ¤ÊÈǪË-¤ÊÙ¬«∏UË ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ flÊ‹Ë
•Ê’ÊŒË
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸U flË/∞«˜U‚
‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ◊¥ v{.{ ∑§⁄UÙ«∏U ∑§Ë •Ê’ÊŒË ‚ ‚Ÿ˜
wÆÆ| ◊¥ v}.} ∑§⁄UÙ«∏U ∑§Ë •Ê’ÊŒË Ã∑§ ¬„È¢UøŸ
flÊ‹Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ë ‚’‚ ’«∏UË
•Ê’ÊŒË •ı⁄U ‚’‚ Ã¡ ’…∏UŸ flÊ‹Ë •Ê’ÊŒË
flÊ‹Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ „ÒU– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë flø◊ÊŸ
√ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ∑§◊ „ÒU Á»§⁄U ÷Ë ⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ
‚¢ª∆UŸ (ŸÊ∑§Ù) mÊ⁄UÊ ß‚ ˇÊòÊ ∑§Ù •ÁÃ
‚¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ ◊ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢ÁŒÇœ
•Ê’ÊŒË ◊¥ πÊ◊Ù‡ÊË ‚ »Ò§‹ÃÊ „ÒU– ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ ß‚∑§
Ãà∑§ÊÁ‹∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊ ÁŒπÊ߸ Ÿ„UË¥ ŒÃ– ∑ȧ¿U
‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹Ùª •¬ŸË ÁSÕÁà ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ‚¢Œ„U ∑§⁄U
‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U, •ı⁄U ß‚∑§ ’ÊŒ •ãÿ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ◊¥ ÷Ë ÿ„U
⁄UÙª »Ò§‹Ê ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U–
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∑§Ê •Á¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ ˇÊòÊ •÷Ë ÷Ë
ß‚ •Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê fl„U Á„US‚Ê „ÒU ¡„UÊ¢ Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§
SÃ⁄UÙ¥ ◊¥ ‚ÈœÊ⁄U ‹ÊŸ ∑§ ’Êfl¡ÍŒ ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÃÊ √ÿʬ∑§
M§¬ ‚ »Ò§‹Ë „ÈU߸ „ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ∑§Ë ¡ŸªáÊŸÊ ∑§
•ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U xv ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¬ÈL§·Ù¥ •ı⁄U z} ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ∑§Ù ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÃÊ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ◊¥ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹
Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ– ß‚ ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§
ÿÊÃÊÿÊà ∑§ Á‹∞ ◊ÈÅÿ ‚«∏U∑§¥ „Ò¥U Á¡‚ Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË »Ò§‹ÊŸ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ◊ÈÅÿ ∑§Ê⁄U∑§ ¡ÊŸÊ
¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„UÊ¢ ∑§Ë •Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê }Æ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ù¢ ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ fl„UÊ¢ Ã∑§ ∞ø
•Ê߸ flË ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬„È¢UøÊŸÊ
’„ÈUà ∑§Á∆UŸ „ÒU–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ÁŸ◊A-SÃ⁄UËÿ √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ¡ÊÁπ◊
•ÊÒ⁄U •fl‚⁄U ŒÊŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU– •fl‚⁄U ß‚Á‹∞
Á∑§ ß‚ »Ò§‹Ÿ ‚ ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§Ê •fl‚⁄U •÷Ë „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
¡ÊÁπ◊ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U Á∑§ ÿ„U ß‚∑§Ë ‡Êʢà ¬˝∑ΧÁà ∑§
∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ß‚∑§Ê Áfläfl¢‚ ÷Áflcÿ ◊¥ ’…∏UªÊ–
5

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SENTINEL SITES IN UTTAR PRADESH
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ (¡Ê°ø ∑§ãº˝)
Sentinel sites are used worldwide in
developing countries, such as India,
which lack completely reported data
on disease in order to determine
if HIV infection is actually present,
in which areas it might be more
prevalent and just how widespread
it may have become. In that way,
these testing sites truly are
“sentinels.” Since individual
groups tested, such as patients
in STD clinics, cannot be wholly
representative of the general
population, sentinel sites provide
some basis for estimating the total
number of HIV-positive people but
that is not their primary purpose.
Since sentinel site testing is
conducted annually, it provides the
only tool to investigate yearly trends
upwards or downwards.
6
Percent HIV-positive at HIV Sentinel Sites in Uttar Pradesh, 2005 and 2006
wÆÆz •ÊÒ⁄U wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
Pregnant women at antenatal
care clinics (ANC)
¬˝‚fl ¬Ífl¸ Œπ÷Ê‹ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê
∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê∞¢
2005
Number Percent
of Sites Positive
ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl
‚¢ÅÿÊ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
2006
Number Percent
of Sites Positive
ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl
‚¢ÅÿÊ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
17
0.15
62
0.25
Patients at sexually transmitted
disease clinics (STD)
17
0.77
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê
∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ⁄UÊªË
Female sex workers (FSW)
4
3.50
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ (∞»§ ∞‚ «UéÀÿÍ)
28
0.95
8
1.52
Intravenous drug users (IVDU)
–
–
‚È߸ mÊ⁄UÊ Ÿ‡ÊÊ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹ (•Ê߸ flË «UË ÿÍ)
UPSACS
ÿͬË∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
1
4.63
From 2005 to 2006, the proportion of patients testing
positive for HIV infection at both STD and ANC clinics
increased. At STD clinics, the percent positive rose from
0.77 percent in 2005 to 0.95 percent in 2006, while, for ANC
patients, the increase was from 0.15 percent to 0.25 percent.
Sentinel site data suggest that, although Uttar Pradesh is a
low prevalence state, HIV may be increasing.
‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆz ‚ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¡Ê¢ø ◊¥ ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬Ê∞
ª∞ ⁄UÊÁÇÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬Êà ∞‚ ≈Ë «UË •ÊÒ⁄U ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥ ’…∏UÊ „ÒU–
‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆz ◊¥ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥ ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬˝ÁÇÊà Æ.|| ‚ ‚Ÿ˜
wÆÆ{ ◊¥ Æ.~z ¬˝ÁÇÊà Ã∑§ ’…∏UÊ „ÒU, ¡’Á∑§ ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÿ„U
’…∏Uà Æ.vz ¬˝ÁÇÊà ‚ Æ.wz ¬˝ÁÇÊà Ã∑§ ⁄U„UË– ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ ∑§Ê ÿ„U «UÊ≈UÊ ÿ„U
•ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ŒÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∞∑§ ÁŸ◊A √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ flÊ‹Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ „UÊŸ ∑§ ’Êfl¡ÍŒ
ß‚◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË »Ò§‹ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ë Ã⁄U„U ¬Í⁄U Áfl‡fl ∑§ Áfl∑§Ê‚‡ÊË‹
Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ (¡Ê¢ø ∑§ãº˝Ù¥) ∑§Ê
ßSÃ◊Ê‹ „UÙÃÊ „ÒU Á¡‚◊¥ ⁄UÙª ∑§Ë ∞‚Ë
¡ÊŸ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÙ¥ ∑§ «UÊ≈UÊ ∑§Ê •÷Êfl ⁄U„UÃÊ „ÒU
Á∑§ Á¡‚‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë
flÊSÃÁfl∑§ ÁSÕÁà ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ©U¬‹éœ „UÙ,
ß‚∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ Á∑§‚ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ •Áœ∑§ „ÒU
•ı⁄U ÿ„U Á∑§ÃŸÊ »Ò§‹ øÈ∑§Ê „U٪ʖ
ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ÿ„U ¡Ê¢ø flÊSÃfl ◊¥ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ ◊¥
(¡Ê°ø ∑§ãº˝) „Ò¥U– √ÿÁÄêà ‚◊Í„UÙ¥ ◊¥ ∑§Ë
ªß¸ ¡Ê¢ø, ¡Ò‚ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ù¥
∑§ ⁄UÙªË •Ê◊ •Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê ¬Íáʸ M§¬ ‚
¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ, ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ ∑§fl‹
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ¡Á≈Ufl ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§
•ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U „UË ’ÃÊ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U–
¬⁄UãÃÈ ÿ„U ©UŸ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ ©UŒ˜Œ‡ÿ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU–U
øÍ¢Á∑§ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ ◊¥ ¡Ê¢ø flÊÁ·¸∑§ ∑§Ë ¡ÊÃË
„ÒU, ß‚Á‹∞ ÿ„U ∑§fl‹ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ©UÃÊ⁄U-ø…∏UÊfl
∑§ «UÊ≈UÊ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ê ≈ÍU‹ ∑§⁄UflÊÃÊ „ÒU–

1.9 Page 9

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SENTINEL SITES IN UTTAR PRADESH
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ (¡Ê°ø ∑§ãº˝)
HIV infection does not
discriminate. In Uttar Pradesh,
rural patients at STD clinics were
more often HIV-positive than
those in urban areas. It has been
found to be higher among some
occupation groups, particularly
those who are likely to spend
more time away from home and
who have more opportunity to
engage in risky sexual behaviour.
Although it might be expected that
those with higher education would
be better informed about HIV
and ways to avoid it, HIV was
observed to be just as prevalent
among graduates and above as
in lower education groups.
Percent Positive at STD Sentinel Sites, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
ÿıŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÙª (∞‚ ≈UË «UË) ∑§Ê ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ ◊¥ ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
Total
∑ȧ‹
Urban
‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
1.0
0.7
1.1
Hotel Staff
„UÊ≈U‹ ∑§◊¸øÊ⁄UË
3.1
Unemployed
’⁄UÊ$¡ªÊ⁄U
2.3
Truck/auto/taxi driver
≈˛U∑§/•ÊÚ≈UÊ/≈ÒUÄ‚Ë øÊ‹∑§
2.0
Industrial/factory worker
•ÊÒlÊÁª∑§/»Ò§Ä≈U⁄UË ∑§◊¸øÊ⁄UË
1.5
Students
ÁfllÊÕË
1.4
Agricultural/unskilled worker
πÃË’Ê«∏UË/•¬˝Á‡ÊÁˇÊà ∑§◊¸øÊ⁄UË
1.0
Housewife
ª˝„UáÊË
0.2
Illiterate
ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄U
Literate and till 5th
‚ÊˇÊ⁄U ÃÕÊ zflË¥ ∑§ˇÊÊ Ã∑§
Till 12th
vwflË¥ ∑§ˇÊÊ Ã∑§
Graduate and above
FÊÃ∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ©UìÊ
UPSACS
ÿͬË∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
0.9
1.1
0.8
1.1
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ÁŸáÊʸÿ∑§ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU–
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ⁄UÊªË, ‡Ê„U⁄UË ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ
•Áœ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl „UÊÃ „Ò¥U–
∑ȧ¿U √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ ÿ„U •Áœ∑§ ¬ÊÿÊ
¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU, Áfl‡Ê·ÃÿÊ fl ¡Ê ÖÿÊŒÊ ‚◊ÿ ÉÊ⁄U
‚ •‹ª Á’ÃÊÃ „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U Á¡Ÿ∑§ ¬Ê‚
¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ ÿÊÒŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ Á‹# „UÊŸ ∑§
•fl‚⁄U •Áœ∑§ „UÊÃ „Ò¥U– ÿlÁ¬ ÿ„U ◊ÊŸÊ
¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ©Uëø Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ¬˝Ê# ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
ß‚‚ ’øŸ ∑§ ©U¬ÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ÷Ë „ÒU–
Á∑§ãÃÈ Á»§⁄U ÷Ë FÊÃ∑§Ê¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚‚ ÷Ë ©Uëø
Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ¬˝Ê# ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë
√ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ©UÃŸË „UË „ÒU Á¡ÃŸË Á∑§ ÁŸ◊A
Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ¬˝Ê# ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ „ÒU–
Those with high-risk behaviour
can act as a “bridge,” infecting
their spouses with HIV. In this
way, HIV spreads into the low-risk
population. In 2006, the number
of sentinel sites at antenatal
Percent Positive at Selected ANC Sentinel Sites, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
øÈŸ „ÈU∞ ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ ◊¥ ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
Allahabad, CHC Handia
ß‹Ê„UÊ’ÊŒ, ‚Ë ∞ø ‚Ë „Áá«UÿÊ
1.5
©Uëø ¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U flÊ‹ ‹Êª ∞∑§
““‚ÃÈ”” „Ò¥U, ¡Ê •¬Ÿ ¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ∑§Ê
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U–
ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ÁŸ◊A ¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ
√ÿfl„UÊ⁄U flÊ‹ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ »Ò§‹ÃÊ „ÒU– ¬Í⁄U
clinics was increased to 62 from
17 in 2005 in order to provide
statewide coverage testing
pregnant women. This expansion
of the testing programme revealed
that there are districts in the state
where HIV prevalence among
Mathura, District Mahila Hospital
◊ÕÈ⁄UÊ, Á¡‹Ê ◊Á„U‹Ê •S¬ÃÊ‹
Faizabad, District Mahila Hospital
»Ò§$¡Ê’ÊŒ, Á¡‹Ê ◊Á„U‹Ê •S¬ÃÊ‹
Lucknow, Queen Mary Hospital
‹πŸ™§, ÄflËŸ ◊⁄UË •S¬ÃÊ‹
0.8
0.5
0.5
⁄UÊÖÿSÃ⁄U ¬⁄U ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø
∑§⁄UflÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ ∑§Ë
¬˝‚fl ¬Ífl¸ Œπ÷Ê‹ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥
‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Ê {w Ã∑§ ’…∏UÊÿÊ ªÿÊ ¡Ê ‚Ÿ˜
wÆÆz ◊¥ v| ÕË– ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ê ÿ„U
ÁflSÃÊ⁄U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ê ©U¡Êª⁄U ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
pregnant women has exceeded
one percent so that Uttar Pradesh
Hathras, District Mahila Hospital
„UÊÕ⁄U‚ Á¡‹Ê ◊Á„U‹Ê •S¬ÃÊ‹
0.3
⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ∞‚ Á¡‹ „Ò¥U ¡„UÊ¢ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë
√ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
now has the potential for
increasing prevalence among the
Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Medical College
∑§ÊŸ¬È⁄U Ÿª⁄U, ∑§ÊŸ¬È⁄U ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡
0.3
low-risk population.
UPSACS
ÿͬË∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
’…∏UË „ÒU ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ß‚∑§Ë
√ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ’…UŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ „ÒU, ÁŸ◊A
¡ÊÁπ◊ flÊ‹Ë ¡Ÿ‚¢ÅÿÊ ◊¥–
7

1.10 Page 10

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HIV/AIDS SPREADS ACROSS UTTAR PRADESH
The districtwise pattern of HIV infection provides
a clear indication of how the disease is
spreading. District level “hotspots” show that
HIV has moved throughout the state and suggest
how it could expand in the future.
The map on this page shows the percentage of
patients at sexually-transmitted disease (STD)
clinics that tested positive for HIV infection.
HIV typically begins among high-risk groups
such as patients in STD clinics. When five
percent or more of STD patients test positive for
HIV, NACO considers an area to be of moderate
HIV prevalence. The map shows that HIV
infection was found in STD clinics in nearly
every district of Uttar Pradesh where patients
were tested. This often signals the possible
advance of HIV towards higher prevalence –
moving quietly into the population as a whole.
The map on the opposite page shows the
percentage of pregnant women who tested
positive for HIV infection at antenatal clinics
(ANC). When one percent or more of the
ANC women test positive for HIV and five
percent or more of patients at STD clinics
also test positive, NACO considers an area
to be of high HIV prevalence. Women at
ANC clinics are considered to be of low-risk
of HIV since they are assumed not to engage
in high-risk sexual behaviour. As such, they
provide an indication of the degree to which
HIV has spread into the population as a whole.
Both maps suggest that HIV infection is higher in
eastern Uttar Pradesh, possibly due to its higher
migrant population, and is spreading westward.
8
UPSACS
ÿͬË∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê »Ò§‹Êfl
Prevalence of HIV Infection among Patients
at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics,
by District, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥
◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ,
Á¡‹flÊ⁄U, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
Percent infected with HIV
∞ø •Ê߸U flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
2.51 AND ABOVE / 2.51 •ı⁄U •Áœ∑§
2.50 AND BELOW / 2.50 •ı⁄U ∑§◊
NIL / ∑ȧ¿U Ÿ„UË¥
NO STD SITE / ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ãº˝ Ÿ„UË¥ „Ò¥U
Map not to scale
◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ◊ʬ∑ ⁄Á„Ã

2 Pages 11-20

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2.1 Page 11

▲back to top


HIV/AIDS SPREADS ACROSS UTTAR PRADESH
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê »Ò§‹Êfl
UPSACS
ÿͬË∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
Prevalence of HIV Infection among Pregnant
Women at Antenatal Care Clinics,
by District, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥
◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ,
Á¡‹flÊ⁄U, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ê Á¡‹Ê •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ¬˝ÁÃM§¬ ’…∏UÃ „ÈU∞ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë
∞∑§ S¬CÔU ¤Ê‹∑§ Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU– Á¡‹Ê SÃ⁄UËÿ ““„UÊÚ≈U S¬ÊÚ≈U”” Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬Í⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ÁfløÁ⁄Uà „UÊ øÈ∑§Ê „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ’ÃÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
÷Áflcÿ ◊¥ ÿ„U Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ’…∏U ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
Á¬¿U‹ ¬ÎDÔU ¬⁄U ŸÄ‡ÊÊ ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª (∞‚ ≈UË «UË) ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥
¬⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬Ê∞ ª∞ ⁄ÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê
¬˝ÁÇÊà Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ◊ÈÅÿ M§¬ ‚ ©Uëø ¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ
√ÿfl„UÊ⁄U flÊ‹ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ‚ ‡ÊÈM§ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ò‚ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥
∑§ ⁄UÊªË– ¡’ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ⁄UÊªË ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¡Ê¢ø ∑§ Á‹∞ z ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÿÊ
ÖÿÊŒÊ ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl „UÊ¥ ÃÊ, ŸÊ∑§Ê ©U‚ ˇÊòÊ ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ
∑§Ê ‚Ê◊Êãÿ ˇÊòÊ ◊ÊŸÃÊ „ÒU– ŸÄ‡ÊÊ Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ¡„UÊ¢
¡„UÊ¢ ¬⁄U ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ë ªß¸ fl„UÊ° ‹ª÷ª „U⁄U Á¡‹ ∑§ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË
ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÿ„U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ê
‚¢∑§Ã „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬Íáʸ M§¬ ‚ πÊ◊Ê‡ÊË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ •Ê’ÊŒË ◊¥
¬˝fl‡Ê ∑§⁄U ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U •Ä‚⁄U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U ÷Ë ß‡ÊÊ⁄UÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ê ©Uëø √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U ¡ÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬Í⁄UË ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ „ÒU–
Percent infected with HIV
∞ø •Ê߸U flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
1.00 AND ABOVE / 1.00 •ı⁄U •Áœ∑§
0.99 AND BELOW /0.99 •ı⁄U ∑§◊
NIL / ∑ȧ¿U Ÿ„UË¥
NO ANC SITE / ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚UË ∑§ãº˝ Ÿ„UË¥ „Ò¥U
ß‚ ¬ÎDÔU ¬⁄U ŸÄ‡ÊÊ ¬˝‚fl ¬Ífl¸ Œπ÷Ê‹ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ (∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë) ∑§Ë
©UŸ ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ∑§Ê Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU Á¡Ÿ∑§Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ¡Ê¢ø ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬Ê߸ ªß¸– ¡’ ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¢ ∑§Ë ∞∑§
¬˝ÁÇÊà ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ ∑§Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¡Ê¢ø ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬Ê߸ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ¬Ê¢ø ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ ⁄UÊÁÇÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë
¡Ê¢ø ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬Ê߸ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU ÃÊ ŸÊ∑§Ê ©U‚ ˇÊòÊ ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë
©Uëø √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ flÊ‹Ê ˇÊòÊ ◊ÊŸÃÊ „ÒU– ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U
◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊A ¡ÊÁπ◊ ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU, ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§
©UŸ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ÿ„U ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ fl Á∑§‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ©Uëø
¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ flÊ‹ ÿÊÒŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ Á‹# Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U fl ∞∑§ ’ÊÃ
∑§Ê ‚¢∑§Ã ŒÃË „ÒU Á∑§ •Ê’ÊŒË ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË »Ò§‹Êfl ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà Á∑§‚
M§¬ ◊¥ „ÒU– ŒÊŸÊ¥ ŸÄ‡Ê ÿ„U Œ‡ÊʸÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ¬Ífl˸
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ •Áœ∑§ „ÒU, ÿ„U ‚¢÷flÃÿÊ ¬˝flÊ‚Ë •Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ÃÊ
∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ÿ„U ¬Á‡ø◊ ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U »Ò§‹ ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU–
Map not to scale
◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ◊ʬ∑ ⁄Á„Ã
9

2.2 Page 12

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AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
Before people can take steps to
avoid HIV infection, they clearly
must be aware of the disease and
the nature of its threat. NACO has
conducted two national Behavioural
Surveillance Surveys (BSS), one in
2001 and the second in 2006,
to investigate a wide variety of
issues related to HIV/AIDS. In
Uttar Pradesh, awareness of HIV
rose from about 53 percent in 2001
(Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand
taken together) to 76 percent in
2006, an encouraging increase.
But, among women, knowledge of
the threat of HIV remains
comparatively low, particularly in the
state’s vast rural population.
Simply having heard of HIV is not
enough. One must also be aware
of the ways in which it can be
contracted. While the majority of
people in Uttar Pradesh did express
awareness of the principal means
by which HIV spreads, large
numbers of people in the state
are not aware of all transmission
methods. This lack of knowledge
is more evident in rural areas,
particularly for the two types of
parent-to-child infection. Awareness
that HIV can be passed to a child
by breastfeeding was expressed by
less than half of the respondents in
rural areas. This can be especially
tragic since that mode of HIV
infection can be easily avoided.
10
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Saying That They Have Heard of HIV or AIDS
or Both, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ÿÊ ∞«˜U‚ ÿÊ
ŒÊŸÊ¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ‚ÈŸÊ „ÒU, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
88
76
64
94
87
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
86
78
73
59
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Knowing Various Ways of HIV Transmission
Uttar Pradesh, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡ã„¥U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ ◊Êäÿ◊Ê¥
∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „ÒU, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
83
85
83
76
69
69
67
Urban
‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
59
61
49
By sexual contact
ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ mÊ⁄UÊ
By blood transfusion
⁄UÄà •ÊœÊŸ mÊ⁄UÊ
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
By needle sharing From mother to unborn child Through breastfeeding
‚È߸U ∑§ ‚Ê¢¤Ê¥ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ‚ ◊Ê° ‚ •¡ã◊¥ Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ ∑§Ù
S߬ʟ mÊ⁄UÊ
ß‚‚ ¬„U‹ Á∑§ ‹Êª ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ê
⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§Œ◊ ©U∆UÊ∞¢, ©Uã„¥U ß‚ ⁄UÊª ∑§
Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚∑§Ë øÈŸÊÒÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥
S¬CÔU ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÊŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ŸÊ∑§Ê Ÿ
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ’„ÈUà ‚ ◊ÈgÊ¥ ∑§Ê
•ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ŒÊ ⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ √ÿfl„UÊÁ⁄U∑§
ÁŸª⁄UÊŸË ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ ∑§⁄UflÊ∞¢, ∞∑§ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv •ÊÒ⁄U
ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ wÆÆ{ ◊¥– ©ûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ◊¥
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ ‹ª÷ª zx
¬˝ÁÇÊà (©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê •ı⁄U ©UûÊ⁄UÊπ¢«U ‚Á„UÃ)
ÕË, fl„U wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ’…∏U∑§⁄U |{ ¬˝ÁÇÊà „UÊ ªß¸,
¡Ê Á∑§ ∞∑§ ©Uà‚Ê„U¬Íáʸ flÎÁh „ÒU– ¬⁄UãÃÈ
◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ πÃ⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ë
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ÃÈ‹ŸÊà◊∑§ M§¬ ‚ ∑§◊ ⁄U„UË,
Áfl‡Ê·ÃÿÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥–
∑§fl‹ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ‚ÈŸ ‹ŸÊ
¬ÿʸ# Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU– ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ÷Ë „UÊŸË
øÊÁ„U∞ Á∑§ ÿ„U ⁄UÊª ‹ªÃÊ ∑Ò§‚ „ÒU– ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê
◊¥ •Áœ∑§Ã⁄U ‹ÊªÊ¥ Ÿ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§
◊ÈÅÿ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ „UË •¬ŸË ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ
’ÃÊ߸, ¡’Á∑§ ⁄ÊUÖÿ ◊¥ ÖÿÊŒÊÃ⁄U ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê
ß‚∑§ ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§ ‚÷Ë ◊Êäÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU– ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ê ÿ„U •÷Êfl
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ÖÿÊŒÊ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ, ◊ÈÅÿ M§¬ ‚
ŒÊ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ •Á÷÷Êfl∑§-‚-Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ ◊¥ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ
∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¢– ’ëø ◊¥ S߬ʟ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚
÷Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU, ß‚
’Êà ∑§Ë ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ∑§ •Êœ
‚ ÷Ë ∑§◊ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ „ÒU– Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U ÿ„U Ã’
‡ÊÊ∑§ŸËÿ „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ¡’ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ∑§Ê ‚⁄U‹ÃÊ ‚ Ÿ$¡⁄U•¢ŒÊ$¡
Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–

2.3 Page 13

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AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS
Beyond knowledge of the
existence of HIV and the way in
which it spreads, knowing ways
to avoid infection is clearly
necessary. While knowledge on
this vital issue has risen sharply
in Uttar Pradesh since the 2001
BSS, about one-third of
respondents in the state are still
unaware of several fundamental
ways to avoid HIV. The survey
also showed that awareness
of prevention methods was
somewhat less among the
rural population.
Until complete knowledge and
understanding of HIV is universal,
mistaken beliefs about how it is
contracted will only serve to
perpetuate myths about HIV as
well as the stigma that can be
associated with the disease.
Statewide, those who are aware
that one cannot contract HIV by
a mosquito bite nor by sharing a
meal with an infected person has
risen from 13 to 31 percent
from 2001 to 2006 yet large
proportions of the population still
hold incorrect beliefs. The stigma
that results from such myths
about HIV can be its greatest ally
since people will be reluctant to
be tested for infection and receive
treatment if they are HIV-positive.
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Knowing Various Ways to Prevent HIV Infection
Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U
◊¥ ¡ÊŸÃ „Ò¥U, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv* •ÊÒ⁄U wÆÆ{
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ •ÁSÃàfl ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË •ÊÒ⁄U
©U‚∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ ¬⁄U
©U‚∑§ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ê Ÿ$¡⁄U•¢ŒÊ$¡ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§
Consistent
condom use
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê
ÁŸ⁄UãÃ⁄U ©U¬ÿÊª
One faithful
uninfected partner
∞∑§ •‚¢∑˝§Á◊Ã
ÁflE‚ŸËÿ ‚ÊÕË
Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ S¬CÔU M§¬ ‚ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
46
68
„UÊŸÊ •Áà •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U
79 ÁŸÁ⁄UˇÊáÊ ‚fl¸ mÊ⁄UÊ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ß‚ ¡ËÁflÃ
65
◊Èg ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ’„ÈUà ÃËfl˝ ªÁÃ
41
‚ ’…U∏Ë „ÒU– ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ‹ª÷ª ∞∑§ ÁÄUÊ߸
69
80
•÷Ë ÷Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ê Ÿ$¡⁄U•¢ŒÊ$¡ ∑§⁄UŸ
66
∑§Ë •ÊœÊ⁄U÷Íà ÁflÁœÿÊ¥ ‚ •Ÿ¡ÊŸ „Ò¥U–
By sexual
abstinence
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢ÿ◊
∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ
‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ ÿ„U ÷Ë Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ß‚‚ ’øÊfl
41
64
∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ¡ŸÃÊ ◊¥
69
62
∑§◊ „ÒU–
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Total 2001
∑ȧ‹ 2001
Total 2006 Urban 2006 Rural 2006
∑ȧ‹ 2006 ‡Ê„U⁄UË 2006 ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ 2006
* including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
¡’ Ã∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¬Í⁄UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
•ÊÒ⁄U ‚◊¤Ê ‚÷Ë ∑§Ê ‚◊ÊŸ M§¬ ‚ Ÿ„UË
„UÊªË Ã’ Ã∑§ ß‚ ⁄UÊª ∑§ ‹ªŸ ∑§ ŒÊ·¬Íáʸ
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Having No Incorrect Beliefs* about HIV/AIDS
Uttar Pradesh, 2001** and by Sex and Urban/Rural, 2006
Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà •»§flÊ„UÊ¥ ∑§
‚ÊÕ-‚ÊÕ ß‚‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ‹Ê¢¿UŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§fl‹
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ª‹Ã
Áfl‡flÊ‚* Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv** •ÊÒ⁄U ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
2001
Total Both Sexes
13
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
’…∏UÊflÊ ŒªÊ– ¡Ê ‹Êª ÿ„U ¡ÊŸÃ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞∑§
◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ ÿÊ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à √ÿÁQ§ ∑§
‚ÊÕ πÊŸÊ πÊŸ ‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË Ÿ„UË¥ »Ò§‹
2006
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
31
36
26
41
27
31
22
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
47
52
‚∑§ÃÊ, ©UŸ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ÷⁄U ◊¥ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
vx ‚, ¡Ê ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ◊¥ ÕÊ, ‚ãÊ wÆÆ{ ◊¥
ÿ„U xv ¬˝ÁÇÊà „UÊ ªÿÊ– Á∑§ãÃÈ •÷Ë ÷Ë
•Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ’«∏UÊ Á„US‚Ê ŒÊ·¬Íáʸ
•ÊSÕÊ∞¢ ⁄UπÃÊ „ÒU– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ¡È«∏UÊ
∑§‹¢∑§ ¡Ê ß‚ Ã⁄U„U ∑§ Á◊âÿÊ ¬˝øÊ⁄U ∑§Ê
¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ „ÒU, ß‚∑§Ê ‚’‚ ’«∏UÊ ‚ÊÕË „UÊ
‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§ ÿÁŒ ©Uã„¥U ∞«˜U‚ „ÈU•Ê
ÃÊ ‹Êª ¡Ê¢ø •ı⁄U ©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UÊŸ ◊¥
Á„UøÁ∑§øÊ∞¢ª–
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
* That HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bite or by sharing a meal with an infected person
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ ÿÊ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à √ÿÁQ§ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÷Ê¡Ÿ πÊŸ ‚ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU–
** including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
11

2.4 Page 14

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AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS
In Uttar Pradesh, there has been
a marked increase in the
proportion of respondents in the
BSS who reported that they knew
of someone infected with HIV or
who died from AIDS. This is an
effective, but unfortunate, way in
which people can learn about the
seriousness of the disease and
the ways to avoid it. A lack of
personal experience with the
disease may only help to
perpetuate incorrect beliefs,
such as HIV can be cured.
Awareness of the condom has
become nearly universal in
Uttar Pradesh, although less so
among females than among
males. Awareness alone is not
sufficient – one must also know
of a place where one might be
obtained. This knowledge has
shown a significant increase from
2001 to 2006, from 60 percent of
respondents saying that one can
be obtained within 30 minutes in
2001 to 78 percent in 2006.
12
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Who Knew of Someone HIV-positive or Who Died
of AIDS, Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and by Sex and Urban/Rural, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê Á∑§‚Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl ÿÊ ∞«˜U‚ ‚ ◊⁄UŸ
flÊ‹ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸÃ Õ, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv* •ÊÒ⁄U ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
2001
Total Both Sexes
∑ȧ‹ ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
2.7
2.2
2006
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
10.3
9.4
Male
14.5
¬ÈL§·
10.8
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
5.8
7.8
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
8.9
6.1
12.8
7
4.5
5.0
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
10.8
10.4
15.0
12.0
6.2
8.7
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
* including Uttarakhand
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U) ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
Knows of someone infected/Á∑§‚Ë ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
Knows of someone who died from AIDS/Á∑§‚Ë ∞«˜U‚ ‚ ◊⁄UŸ flÊ‹ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Aware of the Condom and Saying One Can be
Procured within 30 Minutes, Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªM§∑§ „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U
Á∑§ ß‚ ÃË‚ Á◊Ÿ≈U ◊¥ ¬ÊÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv* •ÊÒ⁄U wÆÆ{
81
60
94
78
96
85
91
69
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ÁŸÁ⁄UˇÊáÊ ‚fl¸ ∑§
¬˝ÁÇÊà ◊¥ ŒπŸ ÿÊÇÿ ’…∏UÊÃ⁄UË „ÈU߸ „ÒU– Á¡‚‚
ÿ„U ¬ÃÊ ø‹ÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ fl Á∑§‚Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
‚¢∑˝§Á◊à √ÿÁQ§ ∑§Ê ¡ÊŸÃ Õ ÿÊ ¡Ê ∞«˜U‚ ‚
◊⁄U ªÿÊ– ÿ„U ∞∑§ ¬˝÷ÊflË Á∑§ãÃÈ ŒÈ÷ʸÇÿ¬Íáʸ
Ã⁄UË∑§Ê „ÒU Á¡‚‚ Á∑§ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ß‚ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë
ªê÷Ë⁄UÃÊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚‚ ’øŸ ∑§
Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¬ÃÊ ø‹ÃÊ „ÒU– ⁄UÊª ∑§ ’Ê⁄U
◊¥ √ÿÁQ§ªÃ •ŸÈ÷fl ∑§Ê •÷Êfl ∑§fl‹ ª‹Ã
ÁflEÊ‚ ∑§Ê ¬Ÿ¬Ÿ ◊¥ ◊ŒŒ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU, ¡Ò‚
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∆UË∑§ „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ë ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ ‹ª÷ª
„U⁄U Á„US‚ ◊¥ »Ò§‹ øÈ∑§Ë „ÒU– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ¬ÈM§·Ê¥
∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ÿ„U ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§◊
„ÒU– ∑§fl‹ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ „UË ∑§Ê»§Ë Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU,
ß‚∑§ ©U¬‹éœ „UÊŸ ∑§ SÕÊŸ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
„UÊŸÊ ÷Ë •àÿãà •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ß‚ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
◊¥ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ‚ wÆÆ{ Ã∑§ ’„ÈUà ’…∏UÊÃ⁄UË „ÈU߸
„ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ◊¥ {Æ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÿ„U
∑§„UŸÊ ÕÊ Á∑§ ß‚ ÃË‚ Á◊Ÿ≈U ◊¥ ¬ÊÿÊ ¡Ê
‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ê Á∑§ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ’…∏U∑§⁄U ∞‚
‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà |} „UÊ ªÿÊ–
Both Sexes 2001
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª wÆÆv
Both Sexes 2006
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª wÆÆ{
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
* including Uttarakhand
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U) ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
Male 2006
¬ÈL§· wÆÆ{
Aware of Condom
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ¡ÊªL§∑§
Female 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê wÆÆ{
Available within 30 minutes
30 Á◊Ÿ≈U ◊¥ ©U¬‹éœ

2.5 Page 15

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RISKY SEXUAL ACTIVITY
¡ÙÁπ◊ ÷⁄UË ÿıŸ ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¢
In India, risky sexual behaviour is
the primary cause of the spread
of HIV infection. In Uttar Pradesh,
the percentage of respondents in
the two BSS surveys who said
that they had had sex with a
non-regular partner in the past year
rose from 3.6 to 5.0 percent.
The proportion was higher in rural
than in urban areas. The risk of
HIV infection is not confined to
those who engage in such
behaviour but also affects a
regular partner such as a spouse,
unborn child or young children
being breastfed. Males reported
sex with non-regular partners much
more frequently than females,
but the BSS survey report notes
that female respondents may have
under-reported their sexual activity.
Along with increased awareness
of the condom and where one can
be obtained, there has been an
increase in those reporting
consistent condom use with
non-regular partners, giving
evidence that condom promotional
programmes can and do meet
with success. But, in 2006, actual
condom use during risky sex
remained at a low level, especially
in rural areas. This is an area
where greater efforts must be
made to impress high-risk groups
with the value of the condom in
preventing HIV transmission.
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Reporting Having Sex with a Non-regular Partner
in the Past Year, Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and by Sex and Urban/Rural, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§Ê Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ∞∑§ •ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢’¢œ „ÈU•Ê, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv*, ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
2001
Total Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
3.6
2006
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
5.0
9.2
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
0.4
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
0.3
3.2
5.8
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
0.4
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
5.5
10.3
* including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Reporting Condom Use with Non-regular Partners
in the Past Year, Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and by Urban/Rural, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§Ê Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ∞∑§ •ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ Á∑§ÿÊ, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv* •ÊÒ⁄U ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ, wÆÆ{
73
At last sex
Consistent use
Á¬¿U‹Ë ’Ê⁄U ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ ÁŸ⁄¢UÃ⁄U ¬˝ÿÙª
59
28
17
45
29
40
23
Total 2001
∑ȧ‹ wÆÆv
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Total 2006
∑ȧ‹ wÆÆ{
Urban 2006
‡Ê„U⁄UË wÆÆ{
Rural 2006
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ wÆÆ{
* including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§Ê
◊ÈÅÿ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ ÿÊÒŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U „ÒU–
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ŒÊ ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚ ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊÙ¥ ◊¥
‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡ã„UÊ¥Ÿ ÿ„U ∑§„UÊ Á∑§ ©UŸ∑§Ê
∞∑§ •ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ◊¥
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢’¢œ „ÈU•Ê– x.{ ‚ z.Æ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ∑§Ë
’…∏UÊÃ⁄UË „ÈU߸– ÿ„U •ŸÈ¬Êà ‡Ê„U⁄UË ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë
•¬ˇÊÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ •Áœ∑§ ÕÊ–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ ¡ÊÁπ◊ ∑§fl‹ ©UŸ
Ã∑§ ‚ËÁ◊à Ÿ„UË¢ „ÒU Á∑§ ¡Ê ∞‚ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ◊¥
Á‹# „Ò¥U– ¬⁄UãÃÈ ß‚‚ ©UŸ∑§ ∞∑§ ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË
∑§Ù ÷Ë πÃ⁄UÊ „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ò‚ ∑§Ë ¬àŸË,
•¡ã◊Ê Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ ÿÊ ∞∑§ S߬ʟ ¬⁄U ÁŸ÷¸⁄U ¿UÊ≈UÊ
’ëøÊ, ¬ÈM§·Ê¥ ∑§Ê •ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢’¢œ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ •Áœ∑§ „ÒU,
¬⁄UãÃÈ ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚ ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ ∑§Ë Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U ’ÃÊÃË „ÒU
Á∑§ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ë ÿÊÒŸ ªÁÃÁflÁœ ∑§◊ Œ¡¸ ∑§Ë
ªß¸–
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ’…∏UÃË ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ •ÊÒ⁄U
ß‚∑§Ë ©U¬‹éœÃÊ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚ÊÕ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ë
‚¢ÅÿÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë flÎÁh „ÈU߸ „ÒU ¡Ê ∞∑§ •ÁŸÿÁ◊Ã
‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U,
¡Ê ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë ªflÊ„UË ŒÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ∑¢§«UÊ◊
¬˝◊Ê‡ÊŸ‹ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ‚»§‹ÃÊ ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã
„Ò¥U– ¬⁄UãÃÈ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ÁŸ◊A SÃ⁄U ∑§Ê ⁄U„UÊ,
Áfl‡Ê·ÃÿÊ, ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥– ÿ„U ˇÊòÊ ∞∑§
∞‚Ê ˇÊòÊ „ÒU ¡„UÊ¢ ©Uëø ¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U
flÊ‹ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝÷ÊÁflà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§«∏UË
◊„UŸÃ ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ÃÊÁ∑§ fl
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ë ◊„UàflÃÊ ¡ÊŸ ‚∑¥§–
13

2.6 Page 16

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THE ROLE OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê
The presence of a sexually-transmitted
disease (STD) increases the
possibility that HIV will be
transmitted during sexual activity.
As a result, knowledge of STDs
and the link between them and
HIV is clearly essential. From 2001
to 2006, knowledge of the existence
of STDs in Uttar Pradesh rose
sharply, from 19 to 53 percent,
with equal knowledge in urban and
rural areas. While such an increase
represents a great improvement,
a large proportion of the population
remains unaware of STDs. The
proportion who were aware that a
STD raises the risk of contracting
HIV also increased sharply.
Ignorance of this important link
needlessly places those who engage
in risky sexual behaviour at risk
of contracting HIV.
14
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Saying That They Have Heard of STDs
Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and by Sex and Urban/Rural, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, ¡Ê ÿ„U ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥
‚ÈŸÊ „ÒU, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv*, ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
2001
Total Both Sexes
∑ȧ‹ ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
19
2006
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
53
46
60
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
53
46
60
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
53
46
60
* including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Saying That They Are Aware of the Linkage
Between HIV and STDs, Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and by Sex and Urban/Rural, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, ¡Ê ÿ„U ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U fl ∞ø •Ê߸ flË •ÊÒ⁄U ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§
‚¢’¢œ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªM§∑§ „Ò¥U, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv*, ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
2001
Total Both Sexes
∑ȧ‹ ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
11
2006
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
32
36
28
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
37
36
39
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
31
36
25
* including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ∑§Ê „UÊŸÊ ÿÊÒŸ Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§
ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÊŸ ∑§Ë
‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ’…∏UÊ ŒÃÊ „ÒU– ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊SflM§¬,
∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË fl ߟ◊¥ •ÊÒ⁄U
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ’Ëø ‚¢’¢œ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
„UÊŸÊ S¬CÔU M§¬ ‚ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv
‚ wÆÆ{ Ã∑§ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§
•ÁSÃàfl ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË v~ ‚ zx ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
Ã∑§ ’„ÈUà Ã¡Ë ‚ ’…∏UË, ÿ„U ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ‡Ê„U⁄UË
•ÊÒ⁄U ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ‚◊ÊŸ ÕË–
ÿlÁ¬ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ë ∞‚Ë ’…∏Uà ∞∑§ •ë¿UË
¬˝ªÁà ∑§Ê Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU, ¡’Á∑§ Á»§⁄U ÷Ë
•Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ’«∏UÊ ÷ʪ ÿıŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄UÃ
⁄U٪٥ ‚ •Ÿ¡ÊŸ ⁄U„UÊ– Á»§⁄U ÷Ë ∞‚ ‹ÊªÊ¥
∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬Êà •Áœ∑§ ⁄U„UÊ ¡Ê ÿ„U ¡ÊŸÃ Õ
Á∑§ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ „UÊŸ ‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚
ª˝Á‚à „UÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ’…∏U ªß¸ „ÒU– ß‚
◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ∑§«∏UË ‚ •Ÿ¡ÊŸ „UÊŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ
‹Êª •ŸÊfl‡ÿ∑§ M§¬ ‚ ¡ÊÁπ◊ èÊ⁄U ÿÊÒŸ
‚¢¬∑¸§ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U ’…∏U
¡ÊÃ „Ò¥U–

2.7 Page 17

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THE ROLE OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Reporting a STD Symptom in the Past Year
Uttar Pradesh, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ, Á¡ã„UÙ¥Ÿ Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ÿıŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÙª ∑§
‹ˇÊáÊ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøŸÊ Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊ߸, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
The percentage of respondents in
Uttar Pradesh who reported a
symptom of a STD is rather high,
particularly among females.
As in any such survey, there is
the possibility of under-reporting
or misreporting symptoms, but the
results provide some idea of those
particularly vulnerable to HIV
infection and who could, in turn,
pass the infection to others,
widening the HIV epidemic in the
state. The proportions of rural
respondents reporting STD
symptoms was considerably
higher in rural areas than in urban,
giving further evidence of the size
of the population at risk.
Treatment-seeking behaviour for
STD symptoms is quite low in
Uttar Pradesh, with only a little
less than half saying that they
did seek medical attention.
The proportion was much lower
in rural areas where a higher
occurrence of STDs was reported.
The 2006 BSS also showed little
improvement in treatment-seeking
behaviour from the 2001 survey.
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
3
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
3
Male
¬ÈL§·
1
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
3
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
7
6
8
11
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
12
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Reporting a STD Symptom in the Past Year
and Seeking Treatment, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ, Á¡ã„UÙ¥Ÿ Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ‹ˇÊáÊ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøŸÊ
Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊ߸ •ı⁄U ©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ⁄UπË, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
65
61
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
46
47
45
46
47
44
42
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ÿıŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÙª ∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊ
„UÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøŸÊ Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊŸ flÊ‹Ù¥ ∑§Ê
¬˝ÁÇÊà ÖÿÊŒÊ „ÒU, Áfl‡Ê·∑§⁄U ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ê–
¡Ò‚Ê Á∑§ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ „U⁄U∑§ ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ ◊¥ „UÊÃÊ
„ÒU, Á∑§ •ã«U⁄U Á⁄U¬ÊÁ≈ZUª •ÕflÊ Á◊‚-Á⁄U¬ÊÁ≈ZUª
‹ˇÊáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ⁄U„UÃË „ÒU, ¬⁄UãÃÈ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊
©UŸ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ∑ȧ¿U ⁄UÊÿ ©U¬‹éœ
∑§⁄UflÊÃ „Ò¥U ¡Ê Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ ÉÊÊÃ∑§ M§¬ ‚ ª˝Á‚à „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U ¡Ê
’Œ‹ ◊¥ ÿ„U ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊÁ⁄UÃ
∑§⁄UflÊ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U, ¡„UÊ° ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸U flË
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ Ã¡Ë ‚ »Ò§‹ ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU, ÿıŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄UÃ
⁄UÙª ∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøŸÊ Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊŸ flÊ‹Ê¥
∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬Êà Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U ‡Ê„U⁄UË ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë
•¬ˇÊÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ •Áœ∑§ ÕÊ, ¡Ê ß‚
’Êà ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§Ã „ÒU Á∑§ •Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ’«∏UÊ
÷ʪ ¡ÊÁπ◊ ÿÈÄÃU „ÒU–
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ⁄UπŸ
flÊ‹Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§◊ „ÒU, Á¡Ÿ◊¥ ‚ •Êœ ‚
∑ȧ¿U ∑§◊ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§„UŸÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ
ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U äÿÊŸ ÁŒÿÊ– ∞‚ ‹ÊªÊ¥
∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬Êà Áfl‡Ê· M§¬ ‚ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥
∑§◊ ÕÊ ¡„UÊ¢ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË •Áœ∑§ „UÊŸ ∑§Ë
‚ÍøŸÊ Œ¡¸ ∑§Ë ªß¸– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚
Ÿ ÿ„U ÷Ë Œ‡ÊʸÿÊ Á∑§ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ∑§ ◊È∑§Ê’‹
◊¥ ©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ⁄UπŸ flÊ‹Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
∑ȧ¿U ’…∏UË „ÒU–
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Note: Base is respondents reporting a STD
ŸÙ≈U— Ë ¬⁄U ∞‚≈UË«UË ∑§ ¡flÊ’ ŒŸ flÊ‹ ‹Ùª „ÒU
15

2.8 Page 18

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COMMERCIAL SEX WORK
Sex workers’ perception of their
risk of exposure to HIV infection
is an essential part of the
campaign against HIV. From 2001
to 2006, there was an increase in
the proportion of FSWs who felt
that their risk was “very high,”
from 28 percent to 35 percent.
Those saying “low” or “no chance”
dropped from 57 to 36 percent,
an encouraging improvement.
The BSS also investigated
attitudes among brothel-based
and non-brothel-based FSWs.
Throughout India, a lower
proportion of the non-brothel-based
sex workers said they felt their
chance of contracting HIV was
“very high”. Reaching this group is
especially important since, in
many parts of India, sex work is
informal and not based in fixed
locations.
The large majority of FSWs in
Uttar Pradesh, 82 percent,
now insist upon condom use.
Still, many clients (57 percent
in 2006) initially object to the
condom. The pie chart to the
right shows the actions taken by
the FSWs to client refusal, with
63 percent either persuading the
client successfully or refusing sex.
Given the particularly high-risk
nature of commercial sex,
universal condom use is essential.
16
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸
Female Sex Workers' Perception of the Risk of Contracting HIV
Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ù ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ª˝Á‚à „UÙŸ ∑§ ¡ÙÁπ◊ ∑§Ê ôÊÊŸ
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv* •ÊÒ⁄U wÆÆ{
2001
2006
No chance
‚ê÷ÊflŸÊ Ÿ„UË¥
30%
Very high
’„ÈUà ÖÿÊŒÊ
28%
Moderate
◊äÿ◊
11%
Low
∑§◊
26%
No chance
‚ê÷ÊflŸÊ Ÿ„UË¥
11%
Low
∑§◊
25%
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
No response
∑§Ù߸U ¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊ Ÿ„UË¥
4%
* including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
Very high
’„ÈUà ÖÿÊŒÊ
35%
Moderate
◊äÿ◊
23%
No response
∑§Ù߸U ¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊ Ÿ„UË¥
6%
Female Sex Worker Actions When Client Refused Condom Use, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
¡’ ª˝Ê„U∑§ Ÿ ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ‚ ◊ŸÊ Á∑§ÿÊ ÃÙ ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊ, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
Charged extra
•ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§ fl‚Í‹Ë ∑§Ë
24%
Failed to persuade
◊ŸÊŸ ◊¥ •‚»§‹
5%
Sold sex
ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ ’øÊ
8%
Persuaded successfully
‚»§‹ÃʬÍfl¸∑§ ◊ŸÊŸÊ
19%
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
Refused sex
ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ ‚ ◊ŸÊ Á∑§ÿÊ
44%
Note: among FSWs reporting client refusal in the previous three months
ŸÙ≈U — Á¬¿U‹ ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ∞»§ ∞‚ «UéÀÿÍ Œ˜flÊ⁄UÊ ª˝Ê„U∑§ ∑§Ê Ÿ∑§Ê⁄UÊ ¡ÊŸÊ
ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à „UÙŸ
∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§
ÁflL§h •Á÷ÿÊŸ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ÷ʪ „ÒU–
‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ‚ wÆÆ{ Ã∑§ ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ
∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ù¥ ∑§ •ŸÈ¬Êà ◊¥ flÎÁh „ÈU߸ Á¡ã„UÙ¥Ÿ
ÿ„U •ŸÈ÷fl Á∑§ÿÊ Á∑§ ©UŸ∑§Ê ¡ÙÁπ◊
““•àÿÊÁœ∑§ ©UìÊ”” (very high) ÕÊ–
•ŸÈ¬Êà ◊¥ ÿ„U flÎÁh w} ‚ xz ¬˝ÁÇÊà „ÈU߸–
““∑§◊”” (low) ÿÊ ““Á’À∑ȧ‹ Ÿ„UË¥””
(no chance) ∑§„UŸ flÊ‹ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ
◊¥ z| ‚ x{ ¬˝ÁÇÊà Ã∑§ Áª⁄UÊfl≈U „ÈU߸, ¡Ù ∞∑§
©Uà‚Ê„U¬Íáʸ ¬˝ªÁà ÕË– ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚ Ÿ fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ
•ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà •ı⁄U ªÒ⁄U fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ •ÊœÊÁ⁄UÃ
∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ù¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ÷Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬˝Ê# ∑§Ë
•ı⁄U ÿ„U •ŸÈ◊ÊŸ Á∑§ÿÊ Á∑§ ªÒ⁄U-fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ
•ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚
ª˝Á‚à „UÙŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ““•àÿÁœ∑§ ©UìÊ””
ÕË– ß‚ ‚◊Í„U Ã∑§ ¬„È¢UøŸÊ Áfl‡Ê·Ãı⁄U ¬⁄U
ß‚Á‹∞ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ’„ÈUà ‚
SÕÊŸÙ¥ ¬⁄U ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸ ÁŸÿ◊Ù¥ ∑§ ÁflL§h „ÒU •ı⁄U
Á∑§‚Ë ÁŸÁ‡øà SÕÊŸ ¬⁄U •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU–
•’ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ê
∞∑§ ’«∏UÊ ÷ʪ, }w ¬˝ÁÇÊà ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹
¬⁄U ¡Ù⁄U «UÊ‹ÃÊ „ÒU– •÷Ë ’„ÈUà ‚ ª˝Ê„U∑§
(‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ z| ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ) ‡ÊÈM§ ◊¥ ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§Ê
Áfl⁄UÙœ ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U– ŒÊÁ„UŸË •Ù⁄U ∑§Ê ¿UÙ≈UÊ øÊ≈¸U
ª˝Ê„U∑§ ∑§ ◊ŸÊ ∑§⁄UŸ ¬⁄U ∞»§ ∞‚ «é‹ÿÍ ∑§Ë
¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ù Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU, {x ¬˝ÁÇÊà Ÿ ª˝Ê„U∑§
∑§Ù ÿÊ ÃÙ ⁄U ÊÊ◊㌠∑§⁄U Á‹ÿÊ ÿÊ ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ ‚
◊ŸÊ ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ– √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ë
¬˝∑ΧÁà ∑§Ù äÿÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄UπÃ „ÈU∞ ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§Ê
ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ‚÷Ë ∑§ Á‹∞ •ÁŸflÊÿ¸ „ÒU–

2.9 Page 19

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COMMERCIAL SEX WORK
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸
For clients of sex workers, use of
the condom is clearly essential to
avoid HIV infection but of no less
importance is subsequent condom
use with their regular partner or
spouse. Although there has been an
increase in clients’ condom use with
other non-regular partners, condom
use with their regular partner is
extremely low and has shown little
improvement from 2001 to 2006.
This is precisely how HIV becomes
a generalized epidemic, moving from
high-risk populations into society as a
whole. As important as this public
health issue is, it will almost certainly
remain a difficult one as few sex
worker clients wish to arouse
suspicion in their spouse by using
the condom. This places even greater
emphasis on the importance of use
of the condom with sex workers.
In the BSS, the majority of clients of
sex workers were married, thus
increasing the possibility of the
transmission of HIV to spouses.
Once infected, a woman can infect an
unborn child with HIV or do so during
breastfeeding, reinforcing the need for
condom use during commercial sex.
While universal condom use during
paid sex has been achieved in some
countries, such as Thailand,
many sex workers in India are not
brothel-based, greatly increasing the
difficulty of reaching them with needed
information on HIV prevention.
Percent of FSW Clients Reporting Consistent Condom Use with Female Partners
in the Past Three Months, Uttar Pradesh, 2001 and 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§ ª˝Ê„U∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡ã„UÙ¥Ÿ Á¬¿U‹ ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê ‚ÊÕË
∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÁŸ⁄¢UÃ⁄U ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊Ê‹ Á∑§ÿÊ, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆv •ı⁄U wÆÆ{.
With female sex worker
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ
64
71
10
With non-regular female partner
•ÁŸÿÁ◊à ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ-‚ÊÕË
25
9
With regular female partner
ÁŸÿÁ◊à ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ-‚ÊÕË
10
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
2001
2006
Living Arrangements of FSW Clients, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§ ÁflflÊÁ„Uà ª˝Ê„U∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ⁄U„Ÿ ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁÃ, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
Does not live with
any partner
Á∑§‚Ë ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ
Ÿ„Ë¢ ⁄U„UÃ
39%
Lives with a partner
∞∑§ ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ⁄U„UÃ „Ò¥U
2%
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
Lives with spouse
¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ⁄U„UÃ „Ò¥U
60%
ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ∑¸ §ÃÊ•¸ Ù¥ ∑§ ªÊ˝ „U∑§Ù¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
‚∑¢ §˝ ◊áÊ ‚ ’øŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§¢ «UÙ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊ Ê‹
•Áà •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „UÒ, Á∑§ãÃÈ ÿ„U ÷Ë ∑§◊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§
Ÿ„UË¥ „UÒ Á∑§ fl •¬Ÿ Áfl¬⁄UËà ‚ÊÕË ÿÊ ¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË
∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑§¢ «UÙ◊ ∑§Ê ÁŸÿÁ◊à ßSÃ◊ Ê‹ ∑§⁄U¥– ÿlÁ¬
•ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑§¢ «UÙ◊ ßSÃ◊ Ê‹ ∑§⁄UŸ
flÊ‹ ªÊ˝ „U∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ë ‚Å¢ ÿÊ ◊¥ flÁÎ h „UÈ߸ „UÒ ©UŸ∑§
ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑§¢ «UÙ◊ ∑§Ê ÁŸ⁄UãÃ⁄U ©U¬ÿÙª
∑§◊ „UÙŸ ∑§ ’Êfl¡ŒÍ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ∑§ ◊∑È §Ê’‹ ◊¥
‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ߟ◊¥ ’…U∏ÙÃ⁄UË ÷Ë Œπ Ë ªß¸ „UÒ– ß‚
¬∑˝ §Ê⁄U ‚ ©UìÊ ¡ÙÁπ◊¬áÍ Ê¸ •Ê’ÊŒË ‚ ‚◊Ê¡ ◊¥
¬fl˝ ‡ Ê ∑§⁄UÃ „UÈ∞ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊÃÿÊ √ÿʬ∑§
M§¬ ‹ ‹Ã Ê „UÒ– ¡Ÿ SflÊSâÿ ∑§Ê ÿ„U ◊ŒÈ Œ˜ Ê ßßÊ
◊„Uàfl¬áÍ Ê¸ „UÒ Á∑§, ÿ„U Á∑§‚Ë „UŒ Ã∑§ ◊ÁÈ ‡∑§‹¥ ¬ŒÒ Ê
∑§⁄UÃÊ ⁄U„UªÊ øÁ¢Í ∑§ ‚ÄÒ ‚ ∑§Á◊ÿ¸ Ù¥ ∑§ ¬Ê‚ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹
∑§È ¿U ‹Ùª ∑§á«UÙ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊ Ê‹ ∑§⁄UÃ „∞È •¬Ÿ
¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ◊¥ ‚Œ¢ „ U ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà ¬ŒÒ Ê ∑§⁄UÃ „U¥Ò– ÿ„U
‚ÄÒ ‚ ∑§Á◊ÿ¸ Ù¥ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑§á«UÙ◊ ßSÃ◊ Ê‹ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§
◊„Uàfl ¬⁄U •ı⁄U ’‹ ŒÃ Ê „UÒ–
’Ë∞‚∞‚ ◊¥ ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ∑¸ §ÃÊ•¸ Ù¥ ∑§ ªÊ˝ „U∑§Ù¥ ◊¥
ÖÿÊŒÊÃ⁄U ‡ÊÊŒË-‡ÊŒÈ Ê Õ Á¡‚ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ◊¥
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ‚ø¢ Ê⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë ‚÷¢ ÊflŸÊ ’…U∏ ¡ÊÃË „UÒ–
∞∑§ ’Ê⁄U ‚∑¢ §˝ Á◊à „UÙŸ ¬⁄U ◊Á„U‹Ê •¬Ÿ •¡ã◊¥
Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ ∑§Ù ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚∑¢ §˝ Á◊à ∑§⁄U ‚∑§ÃË „UÒ ÿÊ
∞‚ Ê „UË S߬ʟ ∑§ Œı⁄UÊŸ ÷Ë „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „UÒ, ÿ„U
Ãâÿ ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U ¡Ù⁄U «UÊ‹ÃÊ „UÒ Á∑§
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿıŸ ‚’¢ œ¢ ∑§ Œı⁄UÊŸ ∑§¢ «UÙ◊ ∑§Ê
ßSÃ◊ Ê‹ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „UÒ– ◊ÀÍ ÿ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ ÿıŸ ‚’¢ œ¢
∑§ Œı⁄UÊŸ ∑§¢ «UÙ◊ ∑§Ê ÿÁÈ Ÿfl‚‹¸ ©U¬ÿÙª ∑§È ¿U Œ‡ ÊÙ¥
◊¥ ‡ÊMÈ § „UÈ•Ê „UÒ, ¡‚Ò  ÕÊß‹«¥Ò U ÃÕÊ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ’„UÈÃ
‚ ÿıŸ∑§Êÿ∑¸ §Ãʸ ª⁄Ò U-fl‡ ÿÊ‹ÿ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà „UÒ, Á¡‚‚
©UŸ Ã∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ’øÊfl ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§
¡ÊŸ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ¢ ¬„U¢ÈøÊŸÊ ∑§Á∆UŸ „UÒ–
17

2.10 Page 20

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TESTING FOR INFECTION
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø
Awareness that one can be tested
for HIV infection has risen very
sharply in Uttar Pradesh, as well as
the opinion that there is likely to be
a nearby facility where testing can
be done. Too often, HIV is spread
by people who did not realize that
they were HIV-positive and could
have taken simple steps to prevent
passing it to others. Knowledge that
a testing facility is available is an
essential first step but must also be
combined with the realization that
testing itself can be done
confidentially. By 2005-06,
83 Voluntary Counseling and
Testing Centres (VCTCs) had been
established in 70 districts of Uttar
Pradesh, up from five in 2000.
The proportion of those who tested
HIV-positive at VCTCs has
remained relatively constant in
recent years.
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Aware of Any HIV/AIDS Testing Facility in Their
Area, Uttar Pradesh, 2001* and 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ù •¬Ÿ ˇÊòÊ ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ë
Total/∑ȧ‹
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
‚ÈÁflœÊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªM§∑§ „Ò¥U, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê wÆÆv* •ı⁄U wÆÆ{
10
25
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
4
7
15
17
41
2001
2006
31
Male
22
¬ÈL§·
48
Female
12
◊Á„U‹Ê
12
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
Both Sexes
8
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
23
Male
13
¬ÈL§·
39
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
2
6
BSS-2001 and 2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆv •ÊÒ⁄U wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
* including Uttarakhand / ©UûÊ⁄UÊπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
Percent of Patients Testing HIV-positive, Selected VCTCs
Uttar Pradesh, 2002 - 2006
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ⁄UÙÁªÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, øÈŸ „ÈU∞ flË ‚Ë ≈UË ‚Ë, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê wÆÆw-wÆÆ{
∑§Ù߸ ÷Ë √ÿÁÄà ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UflÊ
‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ÿ„U ¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UflÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ
©U‚∑§ •Ê‚ ¬Ê‚ „UË ∑§„UË¥ ¬⁄U „ÒU, ߟ ’ÊÃÙ¥ ∑§Ë
¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ’„ÈUà Ã¡Ë ‚ ’…∏UË
„ÒU– •Ä‚⁄U ÿ„U „UÙÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ©UŸ
√ÿÁÄÃÿÙ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ »Ò§‹ÃÊ ⁄U„UÃÊ „ÒU Á¡ã„¥U ÿ„U
◊Ê‹Í◊ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙÃÊ Á∑§ fl„U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl „ÒU •ı⁄U ß‚ ŒÍ‚⁄UÙ¥ Ã∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ ‚
⁄UÙ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑ȧ¿U ‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§Œ◊ ©U∆UÊ ‚∑§Ã
Õ– ‚fl¸¬˝Õ◊ ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÙŸÊ
•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU Á∑§ ß‚ ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ •Ê‚
¬Ê‚ „UË ©U¬‹éœ „ÒU ¬⁄UãÃÈ ß‚ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§
‚ÊÕ ÿ„U ÷Ë äÿÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄UπŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU Á∑§
ß‚ ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ù ªÈåà M§¬ ‚ ÷Ë ∑§⁄UflÊÿÊ ¡Ê
‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆz-Æ{ Ã∑§ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∑§
|Æ Á¡‹Ù¥ ◊¥ }x SflÒÁë¿U∑§ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ fl ªÙ¬ŸËÿ
¡Ê¢ø ∑§ãº˝ (flË ‚Ë ≈UË ‚Ë) SÕÊÁ¬Ã Á∑§∞
ª∞ ¡Ù Á∑§ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆÆ ◊¥ ∑§fl‹ ¬Ê¢ø Õ–
ªÃ fl·ÙZ ◊¥ flË ‚Ë ≈UË ‚Ë ◊¥ ∑§Ë ªß¸
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¡Ê¢øÙ¥ ∑§Ê
•ŸÈ¬Êà ‹ª÷ª ÁSÕ⁄U ⁄U„UÊ–
UPSACS
ÿͬË∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur Nagar
¡Ë ∞‚ flË ∞◊ ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡, ∑§ÊŸ¬È⁄U Ÿª⁄U
I.M.S., B.H.U, Varanasi
•Ê߸ ∞◊ ∞‚, ’Ë ∞ø ÿÍ, flÊ⁄UÊáÊ‚Ë
District Hospital, Mathura
Á¡‹Ê •S¬ÃÊ‹, ◊ÕÈ⁄UÊ
K.G. Medical College, Lucknow
∑§ ¡Ë ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡, ‹πŸ™§
District Hospital, Moradabad
Á¡‹Ê •S¬ÃÊ‹, ◊È⁄Uʌʒʌ
District Hospital, Gorakhpur
Á¡‹Ê •S¬ÃÊ‹, ªÙ⁄Uπ¬È⁄U
18

3 Pages 21-30

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3.1 Page 21

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STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
∑§‹¢∑§ •ı⁄U ÷Œ÷Êfl
Misconceptions regarding HIV can be
one of its biggest allies. If people
believe that HIV can be spread by
sharing food, a sneeze, or a
mosquito bite, the likelihood of stigma
against its victims is greatly
increased. Similarly, should people
believe the disease is curable, they
will fear it less. India is not alone in
this, as all countries have had to
educate the public about HIV.
National campaigns to reduce
misconceptions about HIV have
intensified and would seem to have
had an effect in India. The proportion
of those in Uttar Pradesh saying
that HIV/AIDS is curable is relatively
low although significant proportions
still believe that HIV can be
transmitted by mosquito bite.
HIV-positive persons can live quite
normal, useful lives if the nature of
their disease is fully understood by
others. Too often, ignorance-based
fear results in the expulsion of
HIV-positive people from their home,
village and job. In Uttar Pradesh,
a majority now believe that those
infected can be allowed to stay in the
village area although the proportion
is only a little more than half. But a
larger majority still believe that
HIV-positive people should be cared
for in a separate facility, showing
that many myths about how HIV is
transmitted are being perpetuated.
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, with Particular Beliefs about HIV/AIDS
Uttar Pradesh, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ∑ȧ¿U
Total/∑ȧ‹
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
ÁŸÁ‡øà ÁflEÊ‚ „ÒU, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
32
11
Male
39
¬ÈL§·
10
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
24
12
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Both Sexes
28
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
10
Male
32
¬ÈL§·
7
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
24
13
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
Both Sexes
33
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
11
Male
41
¬ÈL§·
11
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
24
12
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Can be transmitted by mosquito bite/◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ »Ò§‹ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU
Can be cured by medicine/ŒflÊßÿÙ¥ ‚ ©U¬øÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Saying That HIV/AIDS Patients Can Stay in the Village Area and
Saying That They Should Have a Separate Care Facility, Uttar Pradesh, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ⁄UÙªË ªÊ¢fl ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ⁄U„U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U •ı⁄U
ÿ„U ÷Ë ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ©UŸ∑§Ë Œπ÷Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ •‹ª „UÙŸË øÊÁ„U∞, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆ{
Total/∑ȧ‹
Both Sexes
58
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
67
Male
69
¬ÈL§·
77
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
45
57
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
69
74
81
79
55
69
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
54
65
42
54
66
76
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Can stay in village area/ªÊ¢fl ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ⁄U„U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U
Should have a separate care facility/Œπ÷Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ •‹ª „UÙŸË øÊÁ„U∞
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ª‹Ã œÊ⁄UáÊÊ∞¢ ß‚∑§Ë
‚’‚ ’«∏UË ‚◊SÿÊ „UÙ ‚∑§ÃË „ÒU– ÿÁŒ ‹Ùª ÿ„U
Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄U ‹¥ Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§Ù ∞∑§
ŒÍ‚⁄U ∑§ ‚ÊÕ πÊŸ ‚, ¿UË¥∑§ ‚ ÿÊ Á»§⁄U ◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§
∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ „UÙ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU ÃÙ ß‚‚ ¬˝÷ÊÁflà √ÿÁÄà ∑§
ÁflL§h ß‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ‚ ÷ÿ ’…∏U ¡Ê∞ªÊ– ß‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U
‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù ÿ„U Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄UŸÊ øÊÁ„∞ Á∑§ ÿ„U ⁄UÙª
‹Êß‹Ê¡ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU, ÃÙ fl ß‚‚ ∑§◊ ÷ÿ÷Ëà „UÙ¥ª¥–
ß‚ ∑§fl‹ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ „UË Ÿ„UË¥ •Á¬ÃÈ ‚÷Ë Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ∑§
‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà Á‡ÊÁˇÊà Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ
øÊÁ„U∞– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà ª‹Ã œÊ⁄UáÊÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ù
Á◊≈UÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ •ÊÿÙ¡∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ë ªÁà ◊¥
ÃËfl˝ÃÊ ‹Ê߸ ªß¸ „ÒU •ı⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ß‚∑§ ¬˝÷Êfl ŒπŸ
∑§Ù Á◊‹ „Ò¥U– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê ©U¬øÊ⁄U ‚¢÷fl
„ÒU, ¬⁄UãÃÈ •÷Ë ÷Ë ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê Áfl‡flÊ‚ „ÒU Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÙ
‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
ÿÁŒ ‹Ùª √ÿÁÄà ∑§ ⁄UÙª ∑§Ë ¬˝∑ΧÁà ∑§Ù ‚◊¤Ê¥ ÃÙ
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl √ÿÁÄà ‚Ê◊Êãÿ •ı⁄U
©U¬ÿÙªË ¡ËflŸ ¡Ë ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– •Ä‚⁄U Ÿ Ê⁄U•¢ŒÊ¡
•ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ÷ÿ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù
©UŸ∑§ ÉÊ⁄U, ªÊ¢fl •ı⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸SÕ‹ ‚ •‹ª ∑§⁄U ŒŸ
∑§Ê ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ’ŸÃÊ „ÒU– ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ •’ ÖÿÊŒÊÃ⁄U
‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÿ„U Áfl‡flÊ‚ „ÒU Á∑§ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù
©Uã„UË¥ ∑§ ªÊ¢fl ÿÊ SÕÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§Ë •ŸÈ◊Áà Á◊‹ŸË
øÊÁ„∞ „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ∞‚Ë ‚Ùø flÊ‹ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ
•Êœ ‚ ∑ȧ¿U „UË ÖÿÊŒÊ „ÒU– Á∑§ãÃÈ •÷Ë ÷Ë ∞∑§
’«∏UÊ ¡Ÿ‚◊Í„U ÿ„U Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë Œπ÷Ê‹ ∑§Ë
‚ÈÁflœÊ •‹ª ‚ „UÙŸË øÊÁ„U∞, ¡Ù ÿ„U Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU
Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑Ò§‚ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÙÃÊ „ÒU, ß‚∑§
Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ •Ÿ∑§Ù¥ •»§flÊ„¥U/•flœÊ⁄UáÊÊ∞¢ ÁŸ⁄¢UÃ⁄U
•¬ŸÊ •ÁSÃàfl ’ŸÊ∞ „È∞ „ÈU∞ „Ò¥U–
19

3.2 Page 22

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UTTAR PRADESH: WORKING TO PREVENT HIV/AIDS
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê— ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸⁄UÃ
The AIDS control programme in
Uttar Pradesh began in 1991 with the
creation of a State AIDS Cell. In 1999,
the Uttar Pradesh State AIDS Control
Society (UPSACS) was founded. In India,
SACS were created to ensure a more
efficient management of programme
design and implementation in addition to
the smooth, effective distribution of funds.
UPSACS has representation not only
from state government but from
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
and experts in the field of HIV/AIDS.
As a result, activities appropriate to the
needs of the state can be quickly
organized and initiated. Keeping in mind
the overall vision of the National
Aids Control Organisation (NACO),
UPSACS has adopted a multi-sectoral,
multi-pronged approach. Highlights of
several of UPSACS programmes are
on the following pages.
UPSACS activities and programmes
include:
Targeted interventions
Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centres
(VCTCs)
Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission
(PPTCT) Centres
STD care and counseling
Condom promotion
Blood safety
Information, Education & Communication
(IEC) programmes
Project Jai – reaching prison populations
Family Health Awareness Campaign
(FHAC)
HIV testing, care and support
An extensive network of qualified NGOs
20
Shri Arun Kumar Mishra, Principal Secretary, Govt of Uttar Pradesh, Shri
S.P. Goyal, Project Director, Uttar Pradesh State AIDS Control Society and
Dr. K.K. Singh, Chief Medical Officer, Lucknow, at World AIDS Day, 2006.
üÊË •L§áÊ ∑ȧ◊Ê⁄U Á◊üÊÊ, Á¬˝¢Á‚¬‹ ‚Ò∑˝§≈U⁄UË, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U, üÊË ∞‚.¬Ë. ªÙÿ‹, ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ
ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§, ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ù‚Êß≈UË •ı⁄U «UÊ. ∑§.∑§. Á‚¢„U, ◊ÈÅÿ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê
•Áœ∑§Ê⁄UËU, ‹πŸ™§, flÀ«¸U ∞«˜U‚ «U, wÆÆ{
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÈM§•ÊÃ
◊߸ v~~v ◊¥, ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ‚Ò‹ ∑§ ª∆UŸ ‚ „ÈU߸–
v~~~ ◊¥ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË ∑§Ê ª∆UŸ
Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ê‚ÊßÁ≈UÿÊ¥
(ÿÍ ¬Ë ∞‚ ∞ ‚Ë ∞‚) ∑§Ê ª∆UŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§
¬˝÷ÊflË M§¬ ‚ √ÿflÁSÕà ∑§⁄UŸ fl ‹ÊªÍ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞
•ÊÒ⁄U •ŸÈŒÊŸ ∑§ ‚⁄U‹ fl ¬˝÷ÊflË ÁflÃ⁄UáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á∑§ÿÊ
ªÿÊ– ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË ◊¥ Ÿ
Á‚»¸§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ „Ò¥U ’ÁÀ∑§ ªÒ⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË
‚¢ª∆UŸÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ‚ ÷Ë
¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ „Ò¥U– ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ SflM§¬, ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë
•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ•Ê¥ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ¡ÀŒ „UË ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê
•ÊÿÊÁ¡Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ßã„¥U ‡ÊÈM§•ÊÃË SÃ⁄U ¬⁄U
‹ÊªÍ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§Ê– ⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚¢ª∆UŸ
(ŸÊ∑§Ê) ∑§ ÁfløÊ⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê äÿÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄UπÃ „ÈU∞. ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê
⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË Ÿ ’„ÈU-ˇÊòÊËÿ, •Áœ∑§
‚◊ÿ Ã∑§ ’Ÿ ⁄U„UŸ flÊ‹Ë ¬„È¢Uø ∑§Ê •¬ŸÊÿÊ „ÒU–
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊Ê¥
∑§Ë ◊ÈÅÿ ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¢ •Êª ∑§ ¬ÎDÔUÊ¥ ¬⁄U „Ò¥U–
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË ∑§Ë
ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊Ê¥ ◊¥ ÁŸ◊AÁ‹Áπà ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ „Ò¥—
‹ÁˇÊà „USÃˇÊ¬
SflÒÁë¿U∑§ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ∞fl¢ ¬⁄UˡÊáÊ ∑§ãº˝ (flË ‚Ë ≈UË ‚Ë)
◊ÊÃÊ-Á¬ÃÊ ‚ ’ëøÊ¥ ◊¥ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§ãº˝
(¬Ë ¬Ë ≈UË ‚Ë ≈UË)
∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ Á‹∞ Œπ÷Ê‹ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚‹Ê„U ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§⁄UŸÊ
∑§á«UÊ◊ ∑§ ¬˝ÿÊª ∑§Ê ’…∏UÊflÊ ŒŸÊ
⁄UQ§ ‚È⁄UˇÊÊ
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË, Á‡ÊˇÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚¢øÊ⁄U (•Ê߸ ߸ ‚Ë) ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊
¡ÿ-¬Á⁄UÿÊ¡ŸÊ ∑§ $¡Á⁄U∞ ¡‹Ê¥ ◊¥ ∑Ò§ÁŒÿÊ¥ Ã∑§ ¬„È¢UøÊŸÊ
¬ÊÁ⁄UflÊÁ⁄U∑§ SflÊSâÿ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ •Á÷ÿÊŸ
(∞»§ ∞ø ∞ ‚Ë)
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø, Œπ⁄Uπ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚„UÿÙª
ÿÊÇÿ ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ‚ÉÊŸ Ÿ≈Ufl∑¸§ ’ŸÊŸÊ

3.3 Page 23

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UTTAR PRADESH: WORKING TO PREVENT HIV/AIDS
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê— ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸⁄UÃ
Targeted Interventions
A mapping exercise in 2003 showed
that there were 52,471 truckers in
548 locations, 8,234 commercial sex
workers at 456 sites, 4,207 IVDUs
at 169 sites and 6,931 MSMs
at 52 sites in the state. Through
selected NGOs, programmes of
sensitization to reduce stigma, STD
counseling/referrals and condom
distribution are performed at sites
where high-risk populations are likely
to be found. By 2006, there were
61 targeted intervention sites in
46 districts of the state.
Testing and Treatment for HIV
and STDs
Establishing testing centres for HIV
infection (VCTCs) is a high priority in
the state. By 2005-06, 83 such
centres had been established. In
addition, the number of STD clinics
has more than doubled since 1999,
from 45 to 99 in 2006. In the period
2002 to early 2007, over a million
patients had attended these STD
clinics. Under the National AIDS
Control Programme - 3, the
treatment of HIV-positive people with
anti-retroviral drugs (ARV) has been
given a high priority. By the end of
2006, three treatment centres had
been established, at IMS, BHU
Varanasi, KGMU, Lucknow and
LLR Medical College, Meerut.
Number of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centres (VCTCs)
Uttar Pradesh, 2000 to 2005-06
SflÒÁë¿U∑§ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ∞fl¢ ¬⁄UˡÊáÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ (flË ‚Ë ≈UË ‚Ë)
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê, wÆÆÆ ‚ wÆÆz-Æ{
83
70
70
45
5
2000
UPSACS
ÿͬË∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
11
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2004-05
2005-06
‹ÁˇÊà „USÃˇÊ¬
wÆÆx ◊¥ Á∑§∞ ª∞ ◊ÊŸÁøòÊáÊ •èÿÊ‚ ‚ ¬ÃÊ
ø‹ÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë zy} ¡ª„UÊ¥ ◊¥ zw,y|v ≈˛U∑§
øÊ‹∑§, yz{ SÕÊŸÊ¥ ◊¥ },wxy √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ
∑§◊˸, v{~ SÕÊŸÊ¥ ◊¥U y,wÆ| •Ê߸ flË «UË ÿÍ ∞‚,
•ÊÒ⁄U zw SÕÊŸÊ¥ ◊¥U {,~xv ∞◊ ∞‚ ∞◊ Õ– øÈÁŸ¢ŒÊ
ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢ª∆UŸÊ¥ ∑§ ¡Á⁄U∞, ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ∑§‹¢∑§
∑§Ê ∑§◊ ∑§⁄UŸ, ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ¬⁄U ‚‹Ê„U ŒŸ •ÊÒ⁄U
©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§ Á‹∞ ÷¡Ÿ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ‚¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ ’ŸÊŸ
flÊ‹ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ø‹Ê∞ ª∞ •ÊÒ⁄U ¡„UÊ¢ ¬⁄U •Áœ∑§
¡ÊÁπ◊ flÊ‹ ˇÊòÊ ¬Ê∞ ª∞ fl„UÊ¢ ¡ŸÃÊ ∑§ ’Ëø
∑§á«UÊ◊ ÁflÃ⁄UáÊ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– wÆÆ{ Ã∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§
y{ Á¡‹Ê¥ ◊¥ {v ‹ÁˇÊà „USÃˇÊ¬ flÊ‹ SÕÊŸ Õ–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË •ÊÒ⁄U ÿıŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÙª ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø fl
©U¬øÊ⁄U
⁄UÊÖÿ ◊ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ‚ ÁŸ¬≈UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞
SÕÊÁ¬Ã ¡Ê¢ø ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ∑§Ê „UÊŸÊ ©Uëø ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ÃÊ ¬⁄U
„ÒU– wÆÆz-Æ{ Ã∑§ ∞‚ }x ∑§ãº˝ SÕÊÁ¬Ã Á∑§ÿ ¡Ê
øÈ∑§ Õ– ß‚∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§, v~~~ ‚ •’ Ã∑§ ∞‚
≈UË «UË Ä‹ËÁŸ∑§Ê¥U ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ‹ª÷ª ŒÊªÈŸË
„UÊ øÈ∑§Ë „ÒU– ÿ„U wÆÆ{ ◊¥ yz ‚ ’…∏U ∑§⁄U ~~ „UÊ
øÈ∑§Ë „ÒU– wÆÆw ‚U wÆÆ| ∑§ ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§Ë •flœË
◊¥ Œ‚ ‹Êπ ‚ ™§¬⁄U ⁄UÊªË ∞‚ ≈UË «UË Ä‹ËÁŸ∑§Ê¥
◊¥ ª∞– ⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊-x ∑§
•ãê¸Ã, ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê
©U¬øÊ⁄U ∞ã≈UË Á⁄U≈˛UÊflÊÿ⁄U‹ ŒflÊßÿÊ¥ (∞ •Ê⁄U flË)
mÊ⁄UÊ ©UëøÃ◊ ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ÃÊ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‡ÊÈM§ Á∑§ÿÊ
ªÿÊ– fl·¸ wÆÆ{ ∑§ •ãà Ã∑§ •Ê߸ ∞◊ ∞‚,
’Ë ∞ø ÿÍ, flÊ⁄UÊáÊ‚Ë, ∑§ ¡Ë ∞◊ ÿÍ, ‹πŸ™§,
•ÊÒ⁄U ∞‹ ∞‹ •Ê⁄ U∞◊ ◊Á«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡, ◊⁄U∆U ◊¥
ÃËŸ ∞‚ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ ∑§Ë ¡Ê øÈ∑§Ë ÕË–
21

3.4 Page 24

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UTTAR PRADESH: WORKING TO PREVENT HIV/AIDS
Family Health Awareness
Providing factual information to the state’s
rural population on sensitive issues such
as reproductive health, sexual behaviour
and HIV is an essential part of UPSACS
agenda. The Family Health Awareness
Campaign (FHAC) accomplishes this in a
number of unique ways. Necessary issues
are discussed in people’s homes and
village camps through the existing public
health system. The programme enables
early detection and treatment of STDs,
reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and
HIV among the 15-49 age group as well
as bringing about changes in sexual
behaviour to reduce the transmission
of disease. Since 1999 till 2005, over
60 million persons attended the camps and
2.7 million received treatment.
Publicity Campaigns
A large number of awareness campaigns
have been initiated by UPSACS. Since less
than half of the population has regular
exposure to TV, a variety of channels are
used:
• Radio spots on STDs and jingles on HIV
prevention and blood donation
• Information distributed at Swasthya Melas in
all 70 districts and other similar gatherings
• Traditional folk performances such as Birha
in the east, alha in the Bundelkhand and
qawwali in the west. 164 folk-art troupes
have been trained for street performances.
• The Red Ribbon Express train with exhibits,
counseling and a mobile clinic
22
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê— ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸⁄UÃ
¬ÊÁ⁄UflÊÁ⁄U∑§ SflÊSâÿ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ
⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ¡ŸÃÊ ∑§Ê ¬˝¡ŸŸ SflÊSâÿ, ÿÊÒŸ
√ÿfl„UÊ⁄U, •ÊÒ⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¡Ò‚ ‚¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ ¬„U‹È•Ê¥ ¬⁄U
ÃâÿÊà◊∑§ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ©U¬‹éœ ∑§⁄UÊŸÊ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ
∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË ∑§ •¡ã«UÊ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§
•¢ª „ÒU– ¬ÊÁ⁄UflÊÁ⁄U∑§ SflÊSâÿ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ •Á÷ÿÊŸ
(∞»§ ∞ø ∞ ‚Ë) ◊¥ ÿ„U ‚’ ∑ȧ¿U •ŸÊπ Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§
‚ÊÕ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ „ÒU– ◊ÊÒ¡ÍŒÊ SflÊSâÿ ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§ ÉÊ⁄UÊ¥ ◊¥
•ÊÒ⁄U ªÊ°flÊ¥ ◊¥ •ÊÿÊÁ¡Ã Á‡ÊÁfl⁄UÊ¥ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§
¬„U‹È•Ê¥ ¬⁄U ¡ŸÃÊ ◊¥ øøʸ ∑§Ë ¡ÊÃË „ÒU– ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§
¡Á⁄U∞ ¡ÀŒ „UË ∞‚ ≈UË «UË, ¬˝¡ŸŸ ‚ê’ãœË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ◊Ê◊‹Ê¥ ∑§Ê vz-y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ flª¸ ◊¥ ¬ÃÊ
‹ªÊŸÊ ‚ê÷fl „ÈU•Ê „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ-‚ÊÕ ’Ë◊ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ¥
∑§Ê »Ò§‹Ÿ ‚ ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ◊¥ ÿÊÒŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ¬Á⁄UfløŸ ‹ÊŸ ◊¥
÷Ë ‚»§‹ÃÊ ¬˝Ê# „ÈU߸ „ÒU– v~~~ ‚ wÆÆz Ã∑§, ‹ª÷ª
{ ∑§⁄UÙ«∏U ‹Êª ß‚ Ã⁄U„U ∑§ Á‡ÊÁfl⁄UÊ¥ ◊¥ ÇÊ∞– •ı⁄U w| ‹Êπ
∑§Ê ©U¬øÊ⁄U „ÈU•Ê–
¬˝øÊ⁄U •Á÷ÿÊŸ
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Ê߸≈UË mÊ⁄UÊ •Ÿ∑§
¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ •Á÷ÿÊŸÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÈM§•Êà ∑§Ë ªß¸ „ÒU– ÄÿÊ¢Á∑§
∑§fl‹ •Êœ ‚ ÷Ë ∑§◊ ¡ŸÃÊ ∑§Ë ¬„¢ÈUø ≈UË.flË. Ã∑§ „ÒU
Á¡‚ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ ◊Êäÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚„UÊ⁄UÊ Á‹ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU–
* ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ¬⁄U ⁄UÁ«UÿÊ S¬ÊÚ≈‚U •ÊÒ⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬⁄U Á¡¢ªÀ‚
∑§ ‚ÊÕ „UË ⁄UQ§ ŒÊŸ–
* ‚÷Ë |Æ Á¡‹Ê¥ ◊¥ SflÊSâÿ ◊‹ •ÊÒ⁄U ∞‚Ë „UË •ãÿ ‚÷Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ÁflÃÁ⁄Uà ∑§Ë ªß¸–
* ¬Ífl¸ ◊¥ Á’⁄U„U, ’ÈãŒ‹πá«U ◊¥ •ÊÀ„UÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Á‡ø◊ ◊¥ ∑§√flÊ‹Ë
¡Ò‚Ë ‹Ê∑§ ∑§‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚„UÊ⁄UÊ Á‹ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ŸÈP§«∏U ŸÊ≈U∑§Ê¥ ∑§
Á‹∞ v{y ‹Ê∑§-∑§‹Ê Œ‹Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝Á‡ÊÁˇÊà Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU–
* ⁄ÒU«U Á⁄Ué’Ÿ ∞Ä‚¬˝Ò‚ ⁄U‹ªÊ«∏UË, ¡Ê Á∑§ ¬˝Œ‡Ê¸Ÿ, ‚‹Ê„U •ÊÒ⁄U
ø‹Ã-Á»§⁄UÃ Ä‹ËÁŸ∑§ ∑§Ê ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UÃË „ÒU–

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UTTAR PRADESH: WORKING TO PREVENT HIV/AIDS
A Safe Blood Supply
HIV-infected blood is one way in
which people who would otherwise
not be at risk of becoming infected
contract HIV. In order to provide a
safe supply of blood, a state blood
transfusion council has been set up
under the chairmanship of the
Principal Secretary. By 2006, the
number of blood banks has been
increased to 156 of which 85 are
private blood banks. Emphasis has
been placed upon voluntary blood
donations which is far less likely to
be infected with HIV. The total number
of blood collections has risen from
127,000 in 1999 to 348,000 in 2006.
Condom Promotion
Condom promotion programmes
have many goals. Those who are in
need of condoms must first be aware
of their value and also learn to
overcome any hesitation to procure
them. UPSACS has used many
venues for condom promotion, such
as public congregations, dhabas,
petrol stations, melas and at folk
performances, to name but a few.
Condom supplies received by
UPSACS increased from two million
in 2001 to 26 million in 2005-06.
In this way, the campaign against
HIV can prevent it from entering the
general population to a greater
degree than it has.
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê— ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸⁄UÃ
‚È⁄UÁˇÊà ⁄UQ§ •Ê¬ÍÁø
Á¡Ÿ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê •ãÿ Á∑§‚Ë Ã⁄UË∑§ ‚ ∞ø •Ê߸
flË-‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ê ÷ÿ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÊ, ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
‚¢∑˝§Á◊à πÍŸ ‚ ¡ÊÁπ◊ ’ŸÊ ⁄U„UÃÊ „ÒU– ‚È⁄UÁˇÊÃ
⁄UQ§ •Ê¬ÍÁø ∑§Ê ‚ÈÁŸÁ‡øà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ©Ug‡ÿ ‚,
Á¬˝¢Á‚¬‹ ‚Áøfl ∑§Ë •äÿˇÊÃÊ ◊¥ ⁄UÊÖÿ ⁄UQ§
‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ∑§Ê ª∆UŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU–
wÆÆ{ Ã∑§ é‹«U ’Ò¥∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ’…∏UÊ ∑§⁄U
vz{ ∑§⁄U ŒË Á¡‚◊¥ }z ÁŸ¡Ë éÀ«U ’Ò¥∑§ „ÒU–
Sflë¿UÊ ‚ ⁄UQ§ŒÊŸ ¬⁄U ’‹ ÁŒÿÊ ¡Ê ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU,
Á¡‚‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à „UÊŸ ∑§Ê ¡ÊÁπ◊
∑§◊ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU– v~~~ ◊¥ vw|,ÆÆÆ πÍŸ ß∑§∆˜U∆UÊ
∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ’…∏∑§⁄U
xy},ÆÆÆ „UÊ ªß¸–
∑§á«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ’…∏UÊflÊ
∑§á«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ’…∏UÊflÊ ŒŸ flÊ‹ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§
•Ÿ∑§ ‹ˇÿ „Ò¥U– Á¡Ÿ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§á«UÊ◊ ∑§Ë
¡M§⁄Uà „ÒU ¬„U‹ ©Uã„¥U ߟ∑§ ◊„Uàfl ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥
¬ÃÊ „UÊŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞ •ÊÒ⁄U ßã„¥U π⁄UËŒŸ ◊¥ „UÊŸ
flÊ‹Ë Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë Ã⁄U„U ∑§ ‚¢∑§Êø ‚ ©U’⁄UŸÊ ÷Ë
‚ËπŸÊ „UÊªÊ– ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ
‚Ê‚Êß≈UË Ÿ ∑§á«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ’…∏UÊflÊ ŒŸ ∑§ Á‹∞
•Ÿ∑§ SÕÊŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê øÈŸÊ „ÒU, ¡Ò‚ ‚Êfl¸¡ÁŸ∑§
‚ÈÁflœÊ ∑§ SÕÊŸ, …UÊ’, ¬Ò≈˛UÊ‹ ¬ê¬, ◊‹ •ÊÒ⁄U
‹Ê∑§ ∑§‹Ê ∑§ ¬˝Œ‡Ê¸Ÿ •ÊÁŒ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ
∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Ê‚Êß≈UË ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ „UÊŸ flÊ‹Ë
∑§á«UÊ◊ ∑§Ë •Ê¬ÍÁø wÆÆv ◊¥ wÆ ‹Êπ ‚
’…∏U∑§⁄U wÆÆz-Æ{ ◊¥ w.{ ∑§⁄UÙ«∏U „UÊ ªß¸– ß‚
Ã⁄U„U ‚, ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ÁflM§h ÿ„U •Á÷ÿÊŸ
•Ê◊ ¡ŸÃÊ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ ‚ ⁄UÊ∑§
‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
23

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UNAIDS IN UTTAR PRADESH
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡ÊU ◊¥ ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚
UNAIDS is getting actively involved in Uttar Pradesh. A key goal is to
increase cooperation among NGOs working in HIV programmes in the
state. To that end, UNAIDS works with the state police, educating
them about their exposure to HIV. An important element of this
programme is sensitizing police regarding the vulnerability of high-risk
groups, such as SWs, IDU’s and MSMs. Working through NGOs and
government agencies, the police can serve as an effective information
channel to these groups, besides supporting the other agencies in
their interventions. A model action plan for the state and a manual to
address these issues has been developed through an intervention in
Varanasi.
In connection with another initiative, “NGO Gateway” a web-based
portal to foster networking and knowledge sharing amongst NGOs, an
initial group of thirty NGOs has been designated for group capacity-
building. The activities commenced in May 2007 in Lucknow to train
trainers on using the NGO Gateway. In this way, an effective network
can be established with the NGOs working and learning from one
another. A UNAIDS state officer will soon help coordinate programmes
in the state as well as between Lucknow and Delhi.
UNAIDS has also supported the state for the formulation and
translation of documents and tools into Hindi for effective
communication and implementation of HIV prevention programmes.
ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚ ’«∏UË ‚Á∑˝§ÿÃÊ ‚ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ „UÙ ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU– ∞∑§ ◊ÈÅÿ ‹ˇÿ „ÒU
Á∑§ ¡Ù ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ∞¢ ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË Áfl·ÿ ∑§Ù ‹∑§⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸⁄Uà „Ò¥U ©UŸ∑§
‚ÊÕ ‚„UÿÙª ∑§Ù ’…∏UÊflÊ ŒŸÊ– ©U‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ-‚ÊÕ ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ¬ÈÁ‹‚ ∑§
‚ÊÕ ∑§Êÿ¸⁄Uà „ÒU, ©UŸ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ‹ÊŸÊ ß‚ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ê
◊ÈÅÿ ©Ug‡ÿ „ÒU– ©UìÊ ¡ÙÁπ◊¬Íáʸ ‚◊Í„UÙ¥ ¡Ò‚ Á∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ, ‚È߸ mÊ⁄UÊ Ÿ‡ÊÊ ∑§⁄UŸ
flÊ‹ •ı⁄U ¬ÈL§· ‚ ¬ÈL§· ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢’¢œ ⁄UπŸ flÊ‹Ù¥ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¬ÈÁ‹‚ ∑§Ù ‚¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹
∑§⁄UŸÊ, ªÒ⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ•Ù¥ fl ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ•Ù¥ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ¬ÈÁ‹‚ ߟ ‚◊Í„UÙ¥ ∑§Ù
◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ©U¬‹éœ ∑§⁄UÊ ‚∑§ÃË „ÒU ß‚∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà ÿ ŒÍ‚⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ•Ù¥ ∑§
„USÃˇÊ¬ ◊¥ ÷Ë ‚„UÿÙªË „UÙÃ „Ò¥U– flÊ⁄UÊáÊ‚Ë ◊¥ ∞∑§ „USÃˇÊ¬ ∑§ Œ˜flÊ⁄UÊ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ Á‹∞
ß‚ Áfl·ÿ ∑§Ù ‹∑§⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸-ÿÙ¡ŸÊ ¬˝ÁÃM§¬ fl ∞∑§ ◊ÒãÿÈ•‹ ÃÒÿÊ⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ–
ß‚‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ∞∑§ •ãÿ ¬„U‹ “∞ãÊ ¡Ë •Ù ª≈Ufl” ¡Ù ∞∑§ fl’ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ¬Ù≈¸U‹ „Ò¥U,
ªÒ⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ•Ù¥ ∑§ ◊äÿ Ÿ≈UflÁ∑Z§ª fl ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ’…∏UÊŸ ∑§ ©UŒ˜Œ‡ÿ ‚ ‡ÊÈM§•ÊÃ
∑§Ë ªß¸ „UÒ– ∞∑§ ‡ÊÈM§•ÊÃË Œı⁄U ◊¥ Ã∑§⁄UË’Ÿ xÆ ªÒ⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ù ˇÊ◊ÃÊ
ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸÿÈQ§ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ê ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ◊߸, wÆÆ| ◊¥ ‹πŸ™§ ◊¥
ªÒ⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢SÕÊ•Ù¥ ∑§ ¡Á⁄U∞ ¬˝Á‡ÊˇÊ∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ù ¬˝Á‡ÊˇÊáÊ Œ ∑§⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚ Ã⁄U„U
∞Ÿ ¡Ë •Ù ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ŒÍ‚⁄U ∑§ ‚ÊÕ Á◊‹ ∑§⁄U ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ •ı⁄U ‚ËπŸ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ¬˝÷ÊflË
Ÿ≈Ufl∑¸§ SÕÊÁ¬Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË ¡ÀŒ „UË ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ÃÕÊ
‹πŸ™§ fl ÁŒÀÀÊË ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ‚◊ãflÿ ∑§⁄¢ª–
ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚ ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∑§Ê, ŒSÃÊfl¡Ù¥ fl ≈ÍU‹ ∑§ ‚¢M§¬áÊ fl Á„UãŒË •ŸÈflÊŒ,
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊Ù¥ ∑§ ¬˝÷ÊflË ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ fl Á∑˝§ÿÊãflÿŸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞
‚„UÿÙª ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU–
24

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For additional copies of this chartbook, please contact one of the following organisations:
Uttar Pradesh State AIDS Control Society
A-Block, 4th Floor, PICUP Bhawan, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow - 226 010
Tel.: 0522-2721871, 0522-2720360 Fax: 0522-2721135 e-mail: upaidscontrol@up.nic.in
http://upaidscontrol.up.nic.in
Population Foundation of India
B-28, Qutab Institutional Area, Tara Crescent, New Delhi 110 016
Telephone: 91-11-42899770 Fax: 91-11-42899795 e-mail: popfound@sify.com
www.popfound.org
Population Reference Bureau
1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 520, Washington, DC 20009
Telephone: (202) 483-1100 Fax: (202) 328-3937 e-mail: popref@prb.org
www.prb.org
Funding was provided through the generosity of the Joint United Nations Programme on
HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
Printed in India at Ajanta Offset & Packagings Ltd., Delhi. June 2007.
ß‚ øÊ≈¸U ’È∑§ ∑§Ë •ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§ ¬˝ÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑Χ¬ÿÊ ÁŸ◊AÁ‹Áπà ◊¥ ‚ Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ¬Ã ¬⁄U ‚¢¬∑¸§ ∑§⁄¥U—
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ù‚Êß≈UË
∞-é‹ÊÚ∑§, øÃÈÕ¸ Ë, Á¬∑§¬ ÷flŸ, Áfl÷ÍÁà πá«U, ªÙ◊ÃË Ÿª⁄U, ‹πŸ™§ - 226 010
ŒÍ⁄U÷Ê·— 0522-2721871, 0522-2720360 »Ò§Ä‚— 0522-2721135 ߸U-◊‹— upaidscontrol@up.nic.in
http://upaidscontrol.up.nic.in
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©¢U«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ
’Ë-w}, ∑ȧÒ ßãS≈UË≈K͇ʟ‹ ∞Á⁄UÿÊ, ÃÊ⁄UÊ ∑˝Ò§‚ã≈U, Ÿß¸ ÁŒÀ‹Ë-vvÆ Æv{
ŒÍ⁄U÷Ê·— 91-11-4289 9770 »Ò§Ä‚— 91-11-4289 9795 ߸U-◊‹— popfound@sify.com
www.popfound.org
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ ⁄U»§⁄Uã‚ éÿÍ⁄UÊ
v}|z ∑§ŸÒÄ≈UË∑§≈U ∞flãÿÍ, ŸÊÕ¸flS≈U, ‚Í≈U zwÆ, flÊÁ‡Ê¢ª≈UŸ-«UË‚Ë wÆÆÆ~
ŒÍ⁄U÷Ê·— (202) 483-1100 »Ò§Ä‚— (202) 328-3937 ߸U-◊‹— popref@prb.org
www.prb.org
ÁflûÊËÿ ‚„UÿÙª ∞ø •Ê߸U flË/∞«˜U‚ ¬⁄U ‚¢ÿÈÄà ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ (ÿÍ∞Ÿ∞«U˜‚) ∑§ ‚ı¡ãÿ ‚ ¬˝Ê# „ÈU•Ê
•¡ãÃÊ •ÊÚ»§‚≈U ∞á«U ¬Ò∑§Á ʢǂ Á‹Á◊≈U«U, ÁŒÀ‹Ë mÊ⁄UÊ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ◊ÈÁº˝Ã– ¡ÍŸ wÆÆ|

3.8 Page 28

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