HIV AIDS Chartbook Bihar 2007

HIV AIDS Chartbook Bihar 2007



1 Pages 1-10

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1.1 Page 1

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Facts, Figures and Response
to
HIV/AIDS
in
BIHAR
Population Foundation of India
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©¢U«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ
Bihar State AIDS Control Society
Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Á◊ÁÃ
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
∞ø •Ê߸U flË/∞«˜U‚ ¬⁄U ‚¢ÿÈÄà ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ (ÿÍ∞Ÿ∞«˜U‚)
Population Reference Bureau
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ ⁄U»§⁄Uã‚ éÿÍ⁄UÊ
Á’„UÊ⁄U
◊¥
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚
Ãâÿ, •Ê¢∑§«∏U •ÊÒ⁄U ¡flÊ’Œ„UË
June 2007
¡ÍŸ wÆÆ|

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1.3 Page 3

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Facts, Figures and Response
to
HIV/AIDS
in
BIHAR
Á’„UÊ⁄U
◊¥
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚
Ãâÿ, •Ê¢∑§«∏U •ÊÒ⁄U ¡flÊ’Œ„UË

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Áfl·ÿ ‚ÍøË
Foreword ............................................................................................... 3
Preface .................................................................................................. 4
HIV/AIDS in Bihar ................................................................................ 5
Sentinel Sites in Bihar ......................................................................... 6
HIV/AIDS Spreads across Bihar.......................................................... 8
Awareness of HIV/AIDS ..................................................................... 10
Early Sexual Activity .......................................................................... 13
The Role of Sexually-transmitted Disease ........................................ 14
Commercial Sex Work ....................................................................... 16
Testing for Infection ............................................................................ 18
Stigma and Discrimination ................................................................. 19
The Role of Media ............................................................................. 20
Bihar Responds to HIV/AIDS ............................................................ 21
UNAIDS in Bihar ................................................................................ 24
2
¬˝ÊÄ∑§ÕŸ ................................................................................................... 3
¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ .................................................................................................... 4
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ............................................................................. 5
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ ........................................................................................ 6
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê »Ò§‹Êfl ................................................................ 8
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ................................................................ 10
ÿıŸ ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¢ ∑§Ê ¿UÊ≈UË •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ •Ê⁄Uê÷ ........................................................... 13
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê .......................................................................... 14
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸ .................................................................................. 16
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ........................................................................................ 18
∑§‹¢∑§ •ı⁄U ÷Œ÷Êfl..................................................................................... 19
◊ËÁ«UÿÊ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê .......................................................................................... 20
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà Á’„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ¡flÊ’Œ„UË ....................................................21
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«U‚˜ ...................................................................................24

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FOREWORD
¬˝ÊÄ∑§ÕŸ
HIV/AIDS has come to India and India has taken up the fight against
it. India recognized the dangers of this incurable disease early on.
It is true that India is considered a low HIV prevalence country.
That presents us with both an opportunity and a danger. We have
the opportunity to turn back HIV before it becomes a true epidemic.
The danger is that low prevalence can lead to complacency, one of
HIV’s most powerful allies.
The fight against HIV has and will have many aspects. Information
about the existence of the disease and how it is contracted must be
universal. Factual information can end the terrible stigma associated
with HIV, as ignorance breeds fear. With treatment, HIV-positive
people can live satisfying, useful lives in their village or city. The fight
against stigma must, however, be fought at all levels of society and by
all in a position to educate and inform.
The task is a large one. Bringing HIV knowledge as well as care and
support to a vast, largely rural population is a true challenge. But, led
by the National AIDS Control Organisation and the State AIDS
Control Societies, the battle has been fully joined.
We hope that this chartbook, brought out by the Population
Foundation of India, New Delhi, Bihar State AIDS Control Society,
Patna and the Population Reference Bureau, Washington, D.C., will
play a role in disseminating the facts that underlie HIV in Bihar. This
project was funded through the generosity of the Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), India office.
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ÷Ê⁄Uà Ã∑§ •Ê ¬„È¢UøÊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ߂∑§ ÁflL§h ‹«∏UÊ߸ ¿U«∏U øÈ∑§Ê „ÒU– ÷Ê⁄UÃ
Ÿ ‚◊ÿ ⁄U„UÃ „UË ß‚ •‚Êäÿ ⁄UÙª ‚ ¬ÒŒÊ „UÙŸ flÊ‹ πÃ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬„UøÊŸ Á‹ÿÊ „ÒU– ÿ„U ÷Ë ‚ø „UÒ
Á∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ߂ ⁄UÙª ∑§ ÁŸêŸ ‚ê÷ÊÁflà ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ◊¥ •ÊÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„U ÉÊ≈UŸÊ „U◊¥ •fl‚⁄U •ı⁄U ¡ÙÁπ◊
ŒÙŸÙ¥ ¬Á⁄UÁSÕÁÃÿÙ¥ ‚ •flªÃ ∑§⁄UÊÃË „ÒU– „U◊Ê⁄U ¬Ê‚ •÷Ë ∞∑§ •fl‚⁄U „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§
◊„UÊ◊Ê⁄UË ’ŸŸ ‚ ¬„U‹ ß‚‚ ’øÊfl ∑§⁄U ‚∑¥§– πÃ⁄UÊ ÿ „ÒU Á∑§ ÁŸ◊A SÃ⁄UËÿ √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ flÊ‹ ˇÊò ÊÙ¥
◊¥ ‹Ùª ‚â ÁÈ CUÔ ‚ ’∆Ò U ¡ÊÃ „U¥Ò– ¡Ù Á∑§ ∞ø •ÊßU¸ flË ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ πÃ⁄UŸÊ∑§ ÁSÕÁà „UÒ–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ÁflL§h ‹«∏UÊ߸ ∑§ •Ÿ∑§ ¬„U‹Í „Ò¥U– •ı⁄U ÿ„U ÷Ë „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ß‚ ⁄UÙª ∑§
Áfl·ÿ ◊¢ •ı⁄U ß‚∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§Ù¥ ‚ ¡È«∏UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ê ôÊÊŸ ‚fl¸√ÿʬ∑§ „UÙŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞–
ß‚‚ ¡È«∏UË ‚„UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ‚ê’ÁãœÃ ∑§‹¢∑§ ∑§Ù πà◊ ∑§⁄UŸ ◊¥ ‚„UÊÿ∑§ „UÙªË, ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë
øË Ê ∑§Ù Ÿ Ê⁄U•ãŒÊ Ê ∑§⁄UŸ ‚ ©U‚‚ ¡È«∏UÊ «U⁄U ’…∏U ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚∑§ ©U¬øÊ⁄U ‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË-
¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ‹Ùª ‚¢ÃÈc≈U, ©U¬ÿÙªË ¡ËflŸ •¬Ÿ „UË ªÊ¢fl •ı⁄U ‡Ê„U⁄U ◊¥ Á’ÃÊ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§
ß‚‚ ¡È«∏U ∑§‹¢∑§ ∑§ Áπ‹Ê»§ ‚◊Ê¡ ∑§ „U⁄U ∞∑§ SÃ⁄U ¬⁄U ‹«∏UÊ߸ ‹«∏UË ¡ÊŸË øÊÁ„U∞ •ı⁄U ‚÷Ë
‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù ß‚‚ ¡È«∏UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË fl Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§Ë ÁŒ‡ÊÊ ◊¥ ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞–
ÿ„U ’„ÈUà ∑§Á∆UŸ ∑§Ê◊ „ÒU– ÁflSÃÎà ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ¡Ÿ‚¢ÅÿÊ Ã∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ¡È«∏UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬„È¢UøÊŸÊ
∞∑§ øÈŸıÃˬÍáʸ ∑§Ê◊ „ÒU– ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚¢ª∆UŸ •ı⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Ù‚ÊßÁ≈UÿÙ¥
∑§ ‚ÊÕ Á◊‹∑§⁄U ∞∑§ ‚Ê¢¤ÊÊ ‹«∏UÊ߸ •Ê⁄Uê÷ „UÙ øÈ∑§Ë „Ò–
„U◊ ©Uê◊ËŒ ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©Uá«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ, Ÿß¸U ÁŒÀ‹Ë, Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚
ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Á◊ÁÃ, ¬≈UŸÊ •ı⁄U ¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ ⁄ÒU»§⁄Uã‚ éÿÍ⁄UÙ, flÊÚÁ‡Ê¢ª≈UŸ, «UË ‚Ë ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬˝∑§ÊÁ‡ÊÃ
øÊ≈¸U’È∑§ ∑§Ê ÿ„U ¬˝∑§Ê‡ÊŸ Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ¡È«∏U ÃâÿÙ¥ ∑§ ¬˝øÊ⁄U-¬˝‚Ê⁄U ◊¥ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ
÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ÁŸ÷Ê∞ªË– ß‚ ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ¬⁄U ‚¢ÿÈÄà ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊
(ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚) ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Êÿʸ‹ÿ ‚ ¬˝øÈ⁄U ◊ÊòÊÊ ◊¥ •ŸÈŒÊŸ ¬˝Êåà „ÈU•Ê–
New Delhi
June 2007
A. R. Nanda
Executive Director
Population Foundation of India
Ÿß¸U ÁŒÀ‹Ë
¡ÍŸ wÆÆ|
∞. •Ê⁄U. ŸãŒ
•Áœ‡ÊÊ‚Ë ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©Uá«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ
3

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PREFACE
¬˝SÃÊflŸÊ
Patna
June, 2007
4
¬≈UŸÊ
¡ÍŸ wÆÆ|

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HIV/AIDS IN BIHAR
With a population of 83 million at
the 2001 Census and about
92 million in 2007, Bihar is India’s
third largest state in population and
one of its fastest growing. While
HIV prevalence is low at present,
the state is considered highly
vulnerable by the National AIDS
Control Organisation (NACO). HIV
spreads quietly in a unsuspecting
population as it has no immediate
symptoms. Few infected people may
suspect their condition so that they
may, in turn, infect others.
Part of Bihar’s vulnerability lies in
a population where illiteracy is still
widespread despite improving
educational levels. In the 2001
Census, 40 percent of males and
67 percent of females were listed
as illiterate. The state is also a
major crossroads for commercial
traffic, one way HIV is known to
spread. Bihar is India’s most
rural state with 89 percent of its
population living in rural areas,
so that reaching people with
essential HIV information is
especially difficult.
A low level of HIV prevalence
presents both an opportunity and
a danger. The opportunity to arrest
its spread is here today, the danger
is that its quiet nature will expand
its devastation tomorrow.
Bihar’s Risk Factors
• High levels of poverty
• Primarily rural population
• Large migrant population
• High level of illiteracy
• Age at first sex is India’s youngest
• Low, but rising, HIV/AIDS public awareness
• 11 percent slum population in 23 cities and towns
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊÁπ◊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ
• ª⁄UË’Ë ∑§Ê ©Uëø SÃ⁄U
• ◊ÈÅÿ M§¬ ‚ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •Ê’ÊŒË
• ¬˝flÊÁ‚ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ’«∏UË ¡Ÿ‚¢ÅÿÊ
• ©UìÊ SÃ⁄UËÿ ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÃÊ
• ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‚’‚ ∑§◊ •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ ÿÊÒŸ Á∑˝§ÿÊ •Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ
• ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ÁŸ◊A Á∑§ãÃÈ ’…∏UÃË „ÈU߸ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ
• wx ‡Ê„U⁄UÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§S’Ê¥ ◊¥ vv ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¤ÊÈǪË-¤ÊÊ¬«∏UË ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ flÊ‹Ë
•Ê’ʌ˖
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸U flË/∞«˜U‚
‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ◊¥ }.x ∑§⁄UÙ«∏U ∑§Ë •Ê’ÊŒË ‚
‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ| ◊¥ ~.w ∑§⁄UÙ«∏U ∑§Ë •Ê’ÊŒË Ã∑§
¬„È¢UøŸ flÊ‹Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ Á’„UÊ⁄U, ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ÃË‚⁄UÊ
‚’‚ ’«∏UË •Ê’ÊŒË •ÊÒ⁄U ‚’‚ Ã¡ ’…∏UŸ flÊ‹Ë
•Ê’ÊŒË flÊ‹Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ „ÒU– „UÊ‹Ê¢Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
∑§Ë flø◊ÊŸ √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ∑§◊ „ÒU Á»§⁄U ÷Ë ⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ
∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚¢ª∆UŸ (ŸÊ∑§Ê) mÊ⁄UÊ ß‚ ˇÊòÊ
∑§Ê •Á¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ ◊ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
•‚¢ÁhÇœ •Ê’ÊŒË ◊¥ πÊ◊Ù‡ÊË ‚ »Ò§‹ÃÊ „ÒU
ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§ ß‚∑§ Ãà∑§ÊÁ‹∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊ ÁŒπÊ߸ Ÿ„UË¥ ŒÃ–
∑ȧ¿U ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹Êª •¬ŸË ÁSÕÁà ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ‚¢Œ„U
∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U, •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚∑§ ’ÊŒ •ãÿ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ ÷Ë
ÿ„U ⁄UÊª »Ò§‹Ê ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U–
Á’„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ê •Áà ‚¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ ˇÊòÊ •÷Ë ÷Ë
•Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê fl„U Á„US‚Ê „Ò¥U ¡„UÊ¢ Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§ SÃ⁄UÊ¥ ◊¥
‚ÈœÊ⁄U ‹ÊŸ ∑§ ’Êfl¡ÍŒ ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÃÊ √ÿʬ∑§ M§¬ ‚
»Ò§‹Ë „ÈU߸ „ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ∑§Ë ¡ŸªáÊŸÊ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U
yÆ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¬ÈM§·Ê¥ •ÊÒ⁄U {| ¬˝ÁÇÊà ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥
∑§Ù ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÃÊ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË ◊¥ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ–
ß‚ ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÃÊÿÊà ∑§ Á‹∞ ◊ÈÅÿ
‚«∏U∑¥§ „Ò¥U ¡Ù ∞ø •Ê߸ flË »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ◊ÈÅÿ
œÊ⁄U∑§ ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU– Á’„UÊ⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ∞∑§
’«∏UÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ˇÊòÊ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ÿ„UÊ¢ ∑§Ë •Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê
}~ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ß‹Ê∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ
fl„UÊ¢ Ã∑§ ∞ëÊ •Ê߸ flË ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬„È¢UøÊŸÊ ’„ÈUà ∑§Á∆UŸ „ÒU–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ÁŸ◊A SÃ⁄UËÿ √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ¡ÊÁπ◊
fl •fl‚⁄U ŒÊŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê Œ‡ÊʸÃË „ÒU– •fl‚⁄U ß‚Á‹∞
Á∑§ ß‚ »Ò§‹Ÿ ‚ ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§Ê •fl‚⁄U •÷Ë „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
¡ÊÁπ◊ ß‚ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ Á∑§ ÿ„U ß‚∑§Ë ‡ÊÊãà ¬˝∑ΧÁÃ
∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ß‚∑§Ê Áfläfl¢‚ ÷Áflcÿ ◊¥ ’…∏UªÊ–
5

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SENTINEL SITES IN BIHAR
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝
Sentinel sites are used worldwide
in developing countries, such as
India, which lack completely
reported data on disease, in order
to determine if HIV infection is
actually present, in which areas
it might be more prevalent and
just how widespread it may have
become. In that way, these testing
sites truly are “sentinels.” Since
individual groups tested, such as
patients in STD clinics, cannot be
wholly representative of the
general population, sentinel sites
provide some basis for estimating
the total number of HIV-positive
people but that is not their primary
purpose. Since sentinel site testing
is conducted annually,
it provides the only tool to
investigate yearly trends upwards
or downwards.
6
Percent HIV-positive at HIV Sentinel Sites in Bihar, 2005 and 2006
wÆÆz •ÊÒ⁄U wÆÆ{ ◊¥ Á’„Ê⁄U ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
2005
Number Percent
of Sites Positive
ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl
‚¢ÅÿÊ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
2006
Number of Percent
Sites Positive
ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl
‚¢ÅÿÊ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
Total/∑ȧ‹
20
0.67
Pregnant women at
antenatal care clinics (ANC)
6
0.38
¬˝‚fl ¬Ífl¸ Œπ÷Ê‹ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê
∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê∞¢ (∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë)
Patients at sexually transmitted
disease clinics (STD)
9
0.43
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê
∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ⁄UÊªË (∞‚ ≈UË «UË)
Female sex worker (FSW)
4
2.24
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ (∞»§ ∞‚ «UéÀÿÍ)
Men having sex with men (MSM) 1
0.40
¬ÈL§· ‚ ¬ÈL§· ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢’¢œ (∞◊ ∞‚ ∞◊)
Bihar State AIDS Control Society (BSACS)
Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Á◊Áà (’Ë ∞‚ ∞ ‚Ë ∞‚)
59
0.76
23
0.36
24
1.05
10
1.68
2
0.30
Sentinel site data in Bihar over the years suggest that, not only is
HIV infection quite evident, but that it is increasing. Statewide, the
percent positive rose from 0.67 percent in 2005 to 0.76 percent in
2006. This is a true danger sign. In 2006, BSACS greatly
increased the number of sentinel sites to widen the scope of HIV
surveillance. The trends these sites reveal in the coming years will
be of great importance in planning the campaign against this
incurable disease.
Á’„UÊ⁄U ∑§ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ù¥ (¡Ê¢ø ∑§ãº˝Ù¥) ∑§Ê Á¬¿U‹ ∑ȧ¿U fl·ÊZ ∑§Ê «UÊ≈UÊ ÿ„U S¬CÔU ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø
•Ê߸ flË ∑§ Ÿ ∑§fl‹ ¬˝◊ÊáÊ ©U¬‹éœ „Ò¥U •Á¬ÃÈ ÿ„U ’…∏U ÷Ë ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆz ◊¥ Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥
¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬˝ÁÇÊà Æ.{| ‚ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ Æ.|{ ¬˝ÁÇÊà Ã∑§ ’…∏UÊ „ÒU– ÿ„U flÊSÃfl ◊¥ ∞∑§
πÃ⁄UŸÊ∑§ ‚¢∑§Ã „ÒU– wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ÁŸ⁄UˡÊáÊ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ∑§Ê ’…∏UÊflÊ ŒŸ ∑§ Á‹∞
’Ë ∞‚ ∞ ‚Ë ∞‚ Ÿ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Ê ’…∏UÊflÊ ÁŒÿÊ ß‚‚ ÿ ÃÊà¬ÿ¸ „ÒU Á∑§ •ÊªÊ◊Ë fl·ÊZ
◊¥ ß‚ •‚Êäÿ ⁄UÊª ∑§ ¬˝Áà ÿÊ¡ŸÊ •ÊÒ⁄U •Á÷ÿÊŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ©Uà∑Χc≈U ◊„Uàfl ¬˝ŒÊŸ „UÊªÊ–
÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ë Ã⁄U„U ‚Ê⁄U ÁflE ∑§ Áfl∑§Ê‚‡ÊË‹ Œ‡ÊÊ¥
◊¥ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ (¡Ê¢ø ∑§ãº˝Ê¥) ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÊª „UÊÃÊ „ÒU,
Á¡‚◊¥ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ∞‚Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ¥ ∑§ •Ê¢∑§«∏UÊ¥
∑§Ê •÷Êfl ⁄U„UÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ Á¡‚‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë flÊSÃÁfl∑§ ÁSÕÁà ∑§Ê ôÊÊŸ „UÊ,
ß‚∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ Á∑§‚ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ •Áœ∑§ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
ÿ„U Á∑§ÃŸÊ »Ò§‹ øÈ∑§Ê „UÊªÊ– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ÿ„U
¡Ê¢ø flÊSÃfl ◊¥ ““⁄UˇÊ∑§”” „ÒU– √ÿÁQ§ªÃ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥
◊¥ ∑§Ë ªß¸ ¡Ê¢ø, ¡Ò‚ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê
∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ∑§ ⁄UÊªË •Ê◊ •Ê’ÊŒË ∑§Ê ¬Íáʸ M§¬ ‚
¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl Ÿ„UË¥ „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ, ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝ ∑§fl‹
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§
•ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U „UË ’ÃÊ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U– ¬⁄UãÃÈ
ÿ„U ©UŸ∑§Ê ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ ©Ug‡ÿ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU– Á∑§ãÃÈ
øÍ¢Á∑§ ⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥¢ ¡Ê¢ø flÊÁ·¸∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U
∑§Ë ¡ÊÃË „ÒU, ß‚Á‹∞ ÿ„U ∑§fl‹ flÊÁ·¸∑§
©UÃÊ⁄-ø…∏UÊfl ∑§ •Ê¢∑§«∏UÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ê ÿ¢òÊ
©U¬‹éäÊ ∑§⁄UflÊÃÊ „ÒU–

1.9 Page 9

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SENTINEL SITES IN BIHAR
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝
HIV infection does not
discriminate. It infects those in
urban and rural areas and all
occupation and education groups.
It has often been found to be
higher among some occupation
groups, particularly those who are
likely to spend more time away
from home and who have more
opportunity to engage in risky
sexual behaviour. Although it
might be expected that those with
higher education would be better
informed about HIV and ways to
avoid it, HIV was observed to be
more prevalent among graduates
than among the illiterate
population.
Those with high-risk behaviour
can act as a “bridge,” infecting
their spouses with HIV. In this
way, HIV spreads into the low-risk
population. In 2006, the number of
sentinel sites at antenatal clinics
was increased to 23 from 6 in
2005 in order to provide statewide
coverage testing pregnant women.
This expansion of the testing
programme revealed that there
are districts in the state where
HIV prevalence among pregnant
women has exceeded one percent
so that Bihar now has the
potential for rising prevalence
among the low-risk population.
Percent Positive at STD Sentinel Sites, Bihar, 2006
∞‚ ≈UË «UË ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥ ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Total
∑ȧ‹
Urban
‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
Student
ÁfllÊÕ˸
Truck/auto/taxi driver
≈˛U∑§/•ÊÚ≈UÊ/≈ÒUÄ‚Ë øÊ‹∑§
Business
√ÿʬÊ⁄UË
Housewife
ªÎ„UáÊË
Agricultural/unskilled worker
∑ΧÁ·/•∑ȧ‡Ê‹ ◊¡ŒÍ⁄U
1.0
1.2
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.0
Illiterate
ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄U
Literate and till 5th
‚ÊˇÊ⁄U ÃÕÊ zflË¥ ∑§ˇÊÊ Ã∑§
Till 12th
vwflË¥ ∑§ˇÊÊ Ã∑§
Graduate and above
FÊÃ∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ©UìÊ
BSACS
’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
0.7
1.0
0.9
1.7
1.5
Percent Positive at Selected ANC Sentinel Sites, Bihar, 2006
øÈŸ „ÈU∞ ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥ ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Saharsa Sadar Hospital
‚„U⁄U‚Ê ‚Œ⁄U •S¬ÃÊ‹
Lakhisarai Sadar Hospital
‹πUË‚⁄UÊ∞ ‚Œ⁄U •S¬ÃÊ‹
Patna Medical College Hospital
¬≈UŸÊ ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡ •S¬ÃÊ‹
Samastipur Sadar Hospital
‚◊SÃˬÈ⁄U ‚Œ⁄U •S¬ÃÊ‹
Madhepura Sadar Hospital
◊Êœ¬È⁄U ‚Œ⁄U •S¬ÃÊ‹
Begusarai Sadar Hospital
’ªÈ‚⁄UÊÿ ‚Œ⁄U •S¬ÃÊ‹
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.5
1.1
1.0
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ÁŸáÊʸÿ∑§ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU–
ÿ„U ‡Ê„U⁄UË fl ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚÷Ë flªÊZ
∑§ √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‡ÊˇÊ∑§ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ∑§Ê
‚¢∑˝§ÊÁ◊à ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU– ∑ȧ¿ √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§
‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ ÿ„U •Áœ∑§ ¬ÊÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU,
Áfl‡Ê·ÃÿÊ fl„U ¡Ê ÖÿÊŒÊÃ⁄U ‚◊ÿ ÉÊ⁄U ‚
’Ê„U⁄U Á’ÃÊÃ „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U Á¡Ÿ∑§ ¬Ê‚
¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ ÷⁄U ÿÊÒŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ Á‹# „UÊŸ
∑§ •fl‚⁄U •Áœ∑§ „UÊÃ „Ò¥U– ÿlÁ¬ ÿ„U ◊ÊŸÊ
¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ©Uëø Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ¬˝Ê# ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ ∞ø
•Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÊÃË „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
ß‚‚ ’øŸ ∑§ ©U¬ÊÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ÷Ë
„UÊÃË „ÒU, FÊÃ∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë
√ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÊ¥ ‚ •Áœ∑§ ¬Ê߸ ªß¸–
©Uëø ¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U flÊ‹ ‹Êª ∞∑§
““‚ÃÈ”” ∑§Ê M§¬ ÁŸ÷Ê ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U, ¡Ê •¬Ÿ
¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊Ã
∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ÁãÊ◊A
¡ÊÁπ◊¬Íáʸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U flÊ‹ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ »Ò§‹ÃÊ
„ÒU– ¬Í⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿSÃ⁄U ¬⁄U ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ë
¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UflÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ◊¥ ⁄UˇÊÊ
∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ◊¥ ¬˝‚fl ¬Ífl¸ Œπ÷Ê‹ ÁëÊÁ∑§à‚Ê
∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Ê wx Ã∑§ ’…∏UÊÿÊ ªÿÊ
¡Ê ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆz ◊¥ { ÕË– ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ê
ÿ„U ÁflSÃÊ⁄U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ê ©U¡Êª⁄U ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU
Á∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ∞‚ Á¡‹ „Ò¥U ¡„UÊ¢ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞∑§
¬˝ÁÇÊà ‚ •Áœ∑§ „ÒU ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥
ß‚∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ Áfl‡Ê·∑§⁄U ÁŸ◊A ¡ÊÁπ◊
flÊ‹Ë ¡Ÿ‚¢ÅÿÊ ◊¥ ’…∏UŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ „ÒU–
BSACS
’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
7

1.10 Page 10

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HIV/AIDS SPREADS ACROSS BIHAR
The districtwise pattern of HIV infection
provides a clear indication of the how the
disease is spreading. District level “hotspots”
show that HIV has moved throughout the
state and suggest how it could expand
in the future.
The map on this page shows the percentage
of patients at sexually-transmitted disease
(STD) clinics that tested positive for
HIV infection. HIV typically begins among
high-risk groups such as patients in STD
clinics. When five percent or more of STD
patients test positive for HIV, NACO
considers an area to be of moderate
HIV prevalence. The map shows that HIV
infection was found in STD clinics in most
districts of Bihar where patients were tested.
This often signals the possible advance of
HIV towards higher prevalence – moving
quietly into the population as a whole.
The map on the opposite page shows the
percentage of pregnant women who tested
positive for HIV infection at antenatal clinics
(ANC). When one percent or more of the
ANC women test positive for HIV and five
percent or more of patients at STD clinics
also test positive, NACO considers an area
to be of high HIV prevalence. Women at ANC
clinics are considered to be of low-risk of
HIV since they are assumed not to engage
in high-risk sexual behaviour. As such, they
provide an indication of the degree to which
HIV has spread into the population as a
whole. The majority of districts where
pregnant women were tested for HIV did
detect infection and, in two districts, testing
at ANC clinics suggest that prevalence is
moving into the high category.
BSACS
’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
8
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê »Ò§‹Êfl
Prevalence of HIV Infection among Patients
at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics,
by District, Bihar, 2006
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥
◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ,
Á¡‹flÊ⁄U, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Percent infected with HIV
∞ø •Ê߸U flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
2.50 AND ABOVE / 2.50 •ı⁄U •Áœ∑§
2.49 AND BELOW /2.49 •ı⁄U ∑§◊
NIL / ∑ȧ¿U Ÿ„UË¥
NO STD SITE / ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ãº˝ Ÿ„UË¥ „Ò¥U
Map not to scale
◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ◊ʬ∑ ⁄Á„Ã

2 Pages 11-20

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2.1 Page 11

▲back to top


HIV/AIDS SPREADS ACROSS BIHAR
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê »Ò§‹Êfl
BSACS
’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
Prevalence of HIV Infection among Pregnant
Women at Antenatal Care Clinics,
by District, Bihar, 2006
∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥
◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ,
Á¡‹flÊ⁄U, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Percent infected with HIV
∞ø •Ê߸U flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
1.00 AND ABOVE / 1.00 •ı⁄U •Áœ∑§
0.99 AND BELOW /0.99 •ı⁄U ∑§◊
NIL / ∑ȧ¿U Ÿ„UË¥
NO ANC SITE / ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚UË ∑§ãº˝ Ÿ„UË¥ „Ò¥U
Map not to scale
◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ◊ʬ∑ ⁄Á„Ã
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ê Á¡‹Ê •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ¬˝ÁÃM§¬ ’…∏UÃ
„ÈU∞ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ∞∑§ S¬CÔU ¤Ê‹∑§ Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU– Á¡‹Ê SÃ⁄UËÿ
““„UÊÚ≈U S¬ÊÚ≈U”” Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬Í⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥
ÁfløÁ⁄Uà „UÊ øÈ∑§Ê „ÒU ¡Ê ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§Ã „ÒU Á∑§
÷Áflcÿ ◊¥ ÿ„U Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ’…∏U ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
Á¬¿U‹ ¬ÎDÔU ¬⁄U ŸÄ‡ÊÊ ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª (∞‚ ≈UË «UË)
ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ‚ ª˝Á‚Ã
⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ◊ÈÅÿ M§¬
‚ ©Uëø ¡ÊÁπ◊ flÊ‹ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ‚ ‡ÊÈM§ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ò‚
∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ∑§ ⁄UÊªË– ¡’ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË
⁄UÊªË ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¡Ê¢ø ∑§ Á‹∞ z ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÿÊ ÖÿÊŒÊ
¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl „UÊ¥ ÃÊ, ŸÊ∑§Ê ©U‚ ˇÊòÊ ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë
√ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ∑§Ê ‚Ê◊Êãÿ ˇÊòÊ ◊ÊŸÃÊ „ÒU– ŸÄ‡ÊÊ Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU
Á∑§ Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ¡„UÊ¢ ¡„UÊ¢ ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ë ªß¸ ÃÊ
‹ª÷ª „U⁄U Á¡‹ ∑§ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÿ„U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ê
‚¢∑§Ã „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬Íáʸ M§¬ ‚ πÊ◊Ê‡ÊË ‚
•Ê’ÊŒË ◊¥ ¬˝fl‡Ê ∑§⁄U ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U •Ä‚⁄U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ê
‚¢∑§ÁÃ∑§ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ê ©Uëø √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ SÃ⁄U
∑§Ë •Ê⁄U •ª˝‚⁄U „UÊŸ ∑§Ë ¬Í⁄UË ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ „ÒU–
ß‚ ¬ÎDÔU ¬⁄U ŸÄ‡ÊÊ ¬˝‚fl ¬Ífl¸ Œπ÷Ê‹ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥
(∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë) ∑§Ë ©UŸ ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ∑§Ê
Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ù ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬Ê߸ ªß¸– ¡’
∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ◊Á„U‹Ê∞° ∞∑§ ¬Á˝ ÇÊà ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
ª˝Á‚à ¬Ê߸ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U
¬Ê¢ø ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ ⁄UÊªË ª˝Á‚à ¬Ê∞ ¡ÊÃ „Ò¥U ÃÊ
ŸÊ∑§Ê ©U‚ ˇÊòÊ ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ©Uëø √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ
flÊ‹Ê ˇÊòÊ ◊ÊŸÃÊ „ÒU– ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝Ê¥ ¬⁄U
◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ê ÁŸ◊A ¡ÊÁπ◊ ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ
„ÒU ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§ ©UŸ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ÿ„U ◊ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ fl Á∑§‚Ë
¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ©Uëø ¡ÊÁπ◊ flÊ‹ ÿÊÒŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ Á‹# Ÿ„UË
„ÒU– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§Ã Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò¥U Á∑§ •Ê’ÊŒË
◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË »Ò§‹Êfl ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà Á∑§‚ M§¬ ◊¥ „ÒU–
•Áœ∑§Ã⁄U Á¡‹Ê¥ ◊¥¢ ¡„UÊ¢ ª÷¸flÃË ÁSòÊÿÊ° ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UŸ ¬⁄U ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬Ê߸ ªßZU •ÊÒ⁄U ŒÊ Á¡‹
¡„UÊ¢ ∑§ ∞ ∞Ÿ ‚Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ãº˝ ÿ„U ‚¢∑§ÃU ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U
Á∑§ ß‚∑§Ë √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ©Uëø o˝áÊË ∑§Ë „Ò–
9

2.2 Page 12

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AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
Before people can take steps to
avoid HIV infection, they clearly
must be aware of the disease and
the nature of its threat. NACO has
conducted national Behavioural
Surveillance Surveys (BSS) to
investigate a wide variety of issues
related to HIV/AIDS. In the 2006
survey, awareness of HIV in Bihar
was found to be the lowest in India
at 47 percent. Nationwide,
awareness was 80 percent.
This illustrates the difficulties
faced in informing a largely rural
and illiterate population about the
threat of HIV.
Simply having heard of HIV is not
enough. One must also be aware
of the ways in which it can be
contracted. While the majority
of people in urban areas did
express awareness of the principal
means by which HIV spreads, large
numbers of people are not aware
of all transmission methods.
The lack of awareness of the two
types of parent-to-child infection,
from mother to unborn child and
by breastfeeding is a particular
concern given the low knowledge
of HIV among women in the state.
This can be especially tragic since
those modes of HIV infection can
be avoided.
10
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Saying That They Have Heard of HIV or AIDS
or Both, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ÿÊ ∞«˜U‚ ÿÊ
ŒÊŸÊ¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ‚ÈŸÊ „ÒU, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
83
72
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
62
59
59
47
43
30
26
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Knowing Various Ways of HIV Transmission
Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡ã„¥U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ ◊Êäÿ◊Ê¥
∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „ÒU, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
67
70
68
63
Urban
‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural
ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
52
38
40
39
37
33
By sexual contact
ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ mÊ⁄UÊ
By blood transfusion
⁄UÄà ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ mÊ⁄UÊ
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
By needle sharing From mother to unborn child Through breastfeeding
‚È߸U ∑§ ‚Ê¢¤Ê¥ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ‚ ◊Ê° ‚ •¡ã◊¥ Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ ∑§Ù
S߬ʟ mÊ⁄UÊ
ß‚‚ ¬„U‹ Á∑§ ‹Êª ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ê
⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§Œ◊ ©U∆UÊ∞¢, ©Uã„¥U ß‚ ⁄UÊª ∑§
Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚∑§Ë øÈŸÊÒÁÃÿÊ¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ S¬CÔU
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÊŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ŸÊ∑§Ê mÊ⁄UÊ ∞ø •Ê߸
flË/∞«˜U‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ éÊ„ÈUà ‚ ◊ÈgÊ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ
∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ √ÿfl„UÊÁ⁄U∑§ ÁŸ⁄UˡÊáÊ ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ
(’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚) Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆ{ ∑§ ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ
∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ
y| ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÕË ¡Ê Á∑§ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ‚’ ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ‚
∑§◊ ¬Ê߸ ªß¸ „ÒU– ⁄UÊCÔ˛U SÃ⁄U ¬⁄U ÿ„U ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
}Æ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÕË– ÿ„U ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë √ÿÊÅÿÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ
„ÒU Á∑§ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ M§¬ ‚ Áfl‡ÊÊ‹ •ı⁄U ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄U •Ê’ÊŒË
flÊ‹ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë øÈŸıÁÃÿÙ¥ ‚
‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬„È¢UøÊŸ ◊¥ ’„ÈUà ‚Ë ’ʜʕ٥
fl ∑§Á∆UŸÊßÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚Ê◊ŸÊ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UÃÊ „ÒU–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ∑§fl‹ ‚ÈŸ ‹ŸÊ „UË
¬ÿʸåà Ÿ„UË¥ „Ò¥U– ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ÷Ë „UÙŸË
øÊÁ„U∞ Á∑§ ÿ„U ⁄UÙª ∑Ò§‚ ‹ªÃÊ „ÒU– ‡Ê„U⁄UË ˇÊòÊÊ¥U ◊¥
•Áœ∑§Ã⁄U ‹ÙªÙ¥ Ÿ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§ ◊ÈÅÿ
∑§Ê⁄UáÊÙ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ „UË •¬ŸË ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ’ÃÊ߸,
¡’Á∑§ ÖÿÊŒÊÃ⁄U ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù ß‚∑§ ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§ ‚÷Ë
◊Êäÿ◊Ù¥ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU– ◊ÈÅÿ M§¬
‚ ŒÙ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§, •Á÷÷Êfl∑§-‚-Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ ◊¥ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ
∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥, ª÷¸flÃË ◊Á„U‹Ê ‚ ©U‚∑§ •¡ã◊
Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ ∑§Ù •ı⁄U S߬ʟ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ÷Ë
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU, ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë
¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ß‚ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ◊¥ Áfl‡Ê·ÃÿÊ
∑§◊ „ÒU– Áfl‡Ê·Ãı⁄U ¬⁄U ÿ„U Ã’ ‡ÊÙ∑§ŸËÿ „UÙ
‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ¡’ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊
∑§Ù ‚⁄U‹ÃÊ ‚ Ÿ Ê⁄U•¢ŒÊ Ê Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–

2.3 Page 13

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AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
Beyond knowledge of the existence
of HIV and the way in which it
spreads, knowing ways to avoid
infection is clearly necessary.
Knowledge on this vital issue is
far from universal, especially in
rural areas, where 89 percent of
the population lives. In recognition
of this challenge, BSACS has
conducted Family Health Awareness
campaigns in many districts to
apprise people of the dangers
of HIV.
Until complete knowledge and
understanding of HIV is universal,
mistaken beliefs about how it is
contracted will only serve to
perpetuate myths about HIV
as well as the stigma that can
be associated with the disease.
Statewide, those who are aware
that one cannot contract HIV by
a mosquito bite or by sharing a
meal with an infected person is
quite low, 17 percent, compared to
the all-India average of 40 percent.
The stigma that results from such
myths about HIV can be its
greatest ally since people will be
reluctant to be tested for infection
and to receive treatment if they
are HIV-positive.
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Knowing Various Ways to Prevent HIV Infection
Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥
∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸÃ „Ò¥U, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Consistent
condom use
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê
ÁŸ⁄UãÃ⁄U ©U¬ÿÊª
One faithful
uninfected partner
∞∑§ •‚¢∑˝§Á◊Ã
Áfl‡fl‚ŸËÿ ‚ÊÕË
By sexual
abstinence
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢ÿ◊
∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
38
35
33
30
31
28
63
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
58
51
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Having No Incorrect Beliefs* about HIV/AIDS,
by Sex and Urban/Rural, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ª‹Ã
Áfl‡flÊ‚ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU, ÿıŸ mÊ⁄UÊ •ı⁄U ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ, Á’„UÊ⁄U wÆÆ{
21
17
13
35
33
31
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
19
15
11
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ •ÁSÃàfl •ı⁄U ©U‚∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ
∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§U ©U‚∑§
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
•Áœ∑§ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ „ÒU– ß‚ ◊ÈŒ˜Œ ¬⁄U ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË,
Áfl‡Ê·ÃÿÊ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ¡„UÊ¢ }~ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
•Ê’ÊŒË ⁄U„UÃË „UÒ, ‚◊M§¬ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÒ– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
∑§Ë øÈŸıÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¬„UøÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ •ı⁄U ‹ÙªÙ¥
∑§Ù ß‚∑§ πÃ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§ •Ê¢∑§‹Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞
Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Á◊Áà Ÿ ∑§ß¸
Á¡‹Ê¥ ◊¥ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ÅÊÃ⁄UÊ¥ ‚
•flªÃ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬ÊÁ⁄UflÊÁ⁄U∑§ SflÊSâÿ
¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ •Á÷ÿÊŸ ø‹ÊÿÊ „ÒU
¡’ Ã∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¬Í⁄UË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË •ı⁄U
‚◊¤Ê ‚÷Ë ∑§Ù ‚◊ÊŸ M§¬ ‚ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÙªË Ã’
Ã∑§ ß‚ ⁄UÙª ∑§ ‹ªŸ ∑§ ŒÙ·¬Íáʸ Áfl‡flÊ‚,
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà •»§flÊ„UÙ¥ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚ÊÕ
ß‚‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ‹Ê¢¿UŸÙ¥ ∑§Ù ∑§fl‹ ’…∏UÊflÊ Œ¥ª–
¡Ù ‹Ùª ÿ„U ¡ÊŸÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚
ÿÊ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à √ÿÁÄà ∑§ ‚ÊÕ πÊŸÊ πÊŸ ‚
∞ø •Ê߸ flË Ÿ„UË¥ »Ò§‹ ‚∑§ÃÊU, ©UŸ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê
⁄UÊÖÿ÷⁄U ◊¥ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÷Ê⁄UÃfl·¸ ∑§ yÆ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
∑§Ë ÃÈ‹ŸÊ ◊¥ ’„ÈUà ∑§◊, v| ¬˝ÁÇÊà „ÒU–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ¡È«∏UÊ ∑§‹¢∑§ ¡Ù ß‚ Ã⁄U„U ∑§
Á◊âÿÊ ¬˝øÊ⁄U ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ „ÒU, ß‚∑§Ê ‚’‚
’«∏UÊ ‚ÊÕË „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ ‹Ùª ¡Ê¢ø
∑§⁄UÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ÿÁŒ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬Ê∞
¡ÊŸ ¬⁄U ß‹Ê¡ ∑§⁄UÊŸ ◊¥ Á„UøÁ∑§øÊ∞¢ª–
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
* That HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bite or by sharing a meal with an infected person
Á∑§ ◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ •ı⁄U Á∑§‚Ë ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à √ÿÁÄà ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
11

2.4 Page 14

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AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ
In Bihar, exposure to HIV
knowledge from having heard of
someone infected with HIV or
who died from AIDS is quite low.
This may result from the stigma
attached to HIV which can make
people reluctant to be tested and to
conceal their status if found positive
as well as from the current low
level of prevalence in the state.
Knowledge of someone who is
HIV-positive is an effective, but
unfortunate, way in which people
can learn about the seriousness of
the disease and the ways to avoid
it. A lack of personal experience
with the disease may only help to
perpetuate incorrect beliefs,
such as HIV can be cured.
Awareness of the condom in Bihar
is the lowest of any state of India
and is lower among women than
men. Among those who are aware
of the condom, however, the large
majority do believe that one could
obtained within 30 minutes,
suggesting that condom awareness
is growing in the state. Awareness
alone is not sufficient – one must
also know of a place where one
might be obtained. The BSS also
showed that condom awareness
was much lower in rural areas
(53 percent) than in urban areas
(78 percent).
12
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Who Knew of Someone HIV-positive or Who Died
of AIDS by Sex and Urban/Rural, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê Á∑§‚Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ$¡Á≈Ufl ÿÊ ∞«˜U‚ ‚ ◊⁄UŸ
flÊ‹ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸÃ Õ, ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
4.5
4.8
2.7
3.6
6.2
5.9
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
3.4
3.5
3.2
5.8
5.7
5.9
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
4.6
4.7
6.6
6.0
2.6
3.3
Knows of someone infected/Á∑§‚Ë ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
Knows of someone who died from AIDS/Á∑§‚Ë ∞«˜U‚ ‚ ◊⁄UŸ flÊ‹ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Aware of the Condom and Saying One Can be
Procured within 30 Minutes, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ê ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªM§∑§ „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U
Á∑§ ß‚ ÃË‚ Á◊Ÿ≈U ◊¥ ¬ÊÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
82
84
80
67
56
44
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Male
¬ÈL§·
Aware of Condom
∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ë ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
Available within 30 minutes
30 Á◊Ÿ≈U ◊¥ ©U¬‹éœÃÊ
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞‚ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ’„ÈUà ∑§◊ „ÒU
Á¡ã„UÙŸ¥  ÿ„U ’ÃÊÿÊ „UÒ Á∑§ fl Á∑§‚Ë ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ÿÊ ¡Ù ∞«˜U‚ ‚ ◊⁄U √ÿÁÄà ∑§Ù ¡ÊŸÃ
„Ò¥U– ∞‚Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ¡È«∏UÊ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§
∑§‹¢∑§ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ù Á∑§ ‹ÙªÊ¥
∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UflÊŸ ◊¥ •ÊŸÊ∑§ÊŸË „UÊŸ •ı⁄U ŒÍ‚⁄U
¡Ê¢ø ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl ¬⁄U •¬ŸË ¬„UøÊŸ Á¿U¬ÊÃ „Ò¥U
•ı⁄U ‚ÊÕ „UË ‚ÊÕ ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ ∑§
ÁŸêŸ SÃ⁄U ∑§Ë flø◊ÊŸ ÁSÕÁà ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à √ÿÁÄà ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∞∑§ ¬˝÷ÊflË Á∑§ãÃÈ ŒÈ÷ʸÇÿ¬Íáʸ Ã⁄UË∑§Ê
„ÒU Á¡‚‚ Á∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ù ß‚ ⁄UÙª ∑§Ë ªê÷Ë⁄UÃÊ
∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ •ı⁄U ß‚‚ ’øŸ ∑§ Ã⁄UË∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U
◊¥ ¬ÃÊ ø‹ÃÊ „ÒU– ⁄UÙª ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ √ÿÁÄêÃ
•ŸÈ÷fl ∑§Ê •÷Êfl ∑§fl‹ ª‹Ã Áfl‡flÊ‚
∑§Ù ¬Ÿ¬Ÿ ◊¥ ◊ŒŒ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU, ¡Ò‚ Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∆UË∑§ „UÙ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§Ë ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§
Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚ ∑§◊ „ÒU •ı⁄U ¬ÈL§·Ù¥ ∑§Ë
•¬ˇÊÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ◊¥ ÿ„U ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§◊ „ÒU–
¡Ù ‹Ùª ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªL§∑§ „Ò¥U, ©UŸ◊¥
‚ •Áœ∑§Ã⁄U ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê Áfl‡flÊ‚ „ÒU Á∑§ ß‚
ÃË‚ Á◊Ÿ≈U ◊¥ ¬˝Ê# Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU, ¡Ù
ÿ„U ÁŒπÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§Ë
¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ ’…∏U ⁄U„UË „ÒU– ∑§fl‹ ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ „UË
∑§Ê»§Ë Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU ó ß‚∑§ ©U¬‹éœ „UÙŸ ∑§
SÕÊŸ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÙŸÊ ÷Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§
„ÒU– ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚ ÿ„U ÷Ë ’ÃÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§Ë ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ (zx ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ)
‡Ê„U⁄UË ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊªL§∑§ÃÊ (|} ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ) ∑§Ë
•¬ˇÊÊ ’„ÈUà ∑§◊ ÕË–

2.5 Page 15

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EARLY SEXUAL ACTIVITY
The age at which sexual activity
begins in Bihar is India’s lowest.
For females, the average age is
just 16 so that half of girls begin
sex before that age and half after.
It is likely that young people who
have sex at such young ages do
so with little or no knowledge of
HIV, its paths of transmission
and the risks that they are taking.
Clearly, providing required
information to young people is
a high priority in Bihar and
throughout India.
The age at which girls initiate
commercial sex work is alarmingly
young in Bihar. One-third began
sex work before the age of
15 and 70 percent had done so
by age 18. These proportions are
much higher than any state of
India except Uttar Pradesh. Such
young sex workers often indicate
the presence of trafficking, some
of which may be from outside the
state or from other countries.
Reaching these sex workers with
HIV information is a high priority,
although educating those who
are not based in fixed locations,
such as in brothels, will likely
be difficult.
ÿıŸ ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÊ¢ ∑§Ê ¿UÊ≈UË •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ •Ê⁄Uê÷
Average Age at First Sex, Selected States of India, 2006
¬„U‹Ë ÿÊÒŸ ªÁÃÁflÁœ ∑§Ë •ÊÒ‚Ã •ÊÿÈ ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ øÈÁŸ¢ŒÊ ⁄UÊÖÿ, wÆÆ{
18
16
22
17
Male
¬ÈL ·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
18
17
20
18
24
19
24
21
Bihar
Jharkhand
Á’„UÊ⁄U
¤ÊÊ⁄Uπá«U
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Uttar Pradesh
©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Goa*
◊„UÊ⁄UÊc≈˛U
∑§ŸÊ¸≈U∑§
ªÙflÊ*
* including Daman & Diu / Œ◊Ÿ ∞á«U ŒËÿÍ ‚Á„UÃ
Average Age When Female Sex Workers Began Sex Work, Bihar, 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ê¥ ∑§Ë •ÊÒ‚Ã •ÊÿÈ ¡’ ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸ •Ê⁄Uê÷ Á∑§ÿÊ, Á’„UÊ⁄U, wÆÆ{
22 years and above
ww fl·¸ •ÊÒ⁄U ÖÿÊŒÊ
8%
under 15 years
vz fl·¸ ‚ ∑§◊
33%
19 - 21 years
v~-wv fl·¸
22%
÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ Á¡‚ •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ ÿıŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U •Ê⁄Uê÷
„UÙÃÊ „ÒU Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ‚’‚ ∑§◊ „ÒU– ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ∑§Ë
•ı‚à •ÊÿÈ v{ fl·¸ „ÒU, ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U •ÊœË
‹«∏UÁ∑§ÿÊ¢ ß‚ •ÊÿÈ ‚ ¬„U‹ ÿıŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U
•Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄UÃË „Ò¥U •ı⁄U •ÊœË ß‚ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ’ÊŒ–
∞‚ ÿÈflÊ ‹Ùª ¡Ù ßÃŸË ∑§◊ •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ ÿıŸ
√ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U ©Uã„¥U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë
∑§◊ ÿÊ Ÿ ∑§ ’⁄UÊ’⁄U ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÙÃË „ÒU, •ı⁄U
ÿ„U ÷Ë Ÿ„UË¥ ¡ÊŸÃ Á∑§ fl„U Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê
¡ÙÁπ◊ ©U∆UÊ ⁄U„U „Ò¥U– Á’„UÊ⁄U •ı⁄U ¬Í⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥
ß‚ •ÊÿÈ flª¸ ∑§ ’ìÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ŒŸÊ •àÿãà •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU–
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ‹«UÁ∏∑§ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ßÃŸË ∑§◊ •ÊÿÈ ◊¥
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸ ‡ÊÈM§ ∑§⁄UŸÊ •àÿãÃ
ÁøãÃÊ ∑§Ê Áfl·ÿ „ÒU– ∞∑§ ÁÄUÊ߸ ‹«∏UÁ∑§ÿÊ¢
vz fl·¸ ∑§Ë •ÊÿÈ ‚ ¬„U‹ „UË √ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿıŸ
∑§Êÿ¸ •Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄UÃË „ÒU¥ •ı⁄U |Æ ¬˝ÁÇÊà v} fl·¸
•ÊÿÈ Ã∑§ •ÊÃ •ÊÃ ÿ„U ∑§Ê◊ ∑§⁄U øÈ∑§Ë „UÙÃË
„ÒU– ÿ„U •ŸÈ¬Êà ©UûÊ⁄U ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∑§Ù ¿UÙ«∏U∑§⁄U ÷Ê⁄UÃ
∑§ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚ •Áœ∑§ „ÒU– ∞‚ ÿÈflÊ ÿıŸ
∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ •Ä‚⁄U ÿÊÃÊÿÊà ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ‚Ê¢∑§ÁÃ∑§
„UÙÃ „Ò¥U, Á¡Ÿ◊¥ ‚ ∑ȧ¿U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ ’Ê„U⁄U ‚ ÿÊ
∑ȧ¿U Œ‡Ê ∑§ ’Ê„U⁄U ‚– ߟ ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ù¥ ∑§
¬Ê‚ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬„È¢UøÊŸÊ
¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ÃÊ ∑§Ê Áfl·ÿ „ÒU, ÿlÁ¬ ∞‚ ‹ÙªÙ¥ Ã∑§
ÿ„U ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ¬„È¢UøÊŸÊ ∑§Á∆UŸ „UÙªÊ ¡Ù Á∑§‚Ë
ÁŸÁ‡øà SÕÊŸ, ¡Ò‚ Á∑§ fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ, ◊¥ Ÿ„UË¥
⁄U„UÃ–
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
16 - 18 years
v{-v} fl·¸
37%
13

2.6 Page 16

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THE ROLE OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê
The presence of a sexually-transmitted
disease (STD) increases the
possibility that HIV will be
transmitted during sexual activity.
As a result, knowledge of STDs and
the link between them and HIV is
clearly essential. Knowledge of the
existence of STDs in Bihar is among
India’s lowest at only 18 percent of
survey respondents and, at only
11 percent, is extremely low among
women. Among those who were
aware of STDs, the majority were
also aware of the link between
STDs and HIV. Overall 18 percent
of respondents had knowledge of
STDs and 15 percent were aware
of STDs and the fact that such
diseases increase the likelihood of
contracting HIV during risky sexual
activity. Ignorance of this important
link needlessly places those who
engage in risky sexual behaviour
at risk of contracting HIV and such
ignorance is widespread in Bihar.
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Saying That They Have Heard of STDs
by Sex and Urban/Rural, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, ¡Ê ÿ„U ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥
‚ÈŸÊ „ÒU, ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
30
30
30
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
24
23
18
16
11
9
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Saying That They Are Aware of STDs and the
Linkage Between HIV and STDs by Sex and Urban/Rural, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, ¡Ê ÿ„U ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U fl ∞ø •Ê߸ flË •ÊÒ⁄U ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§
‚¢’¢œ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªM§∑§ „Ò¥U, ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
25
25
25
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
20
20
15
13
9
7
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª (∞‚ ≈UË «UË) ∑§Ê „UÊŸÊ ÿÊÒŸ
Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÊŸ
∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ’…∏UÊ ŒÃÊ „ÒU– ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊SflM§¬,
∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË fl ߟ◊¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ∞ø
•Ê߸ flË ∑§ ’Ëø ‚¢’¢œ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÊŸÊ
S¬CÔU M§¬ ‚ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ ’ÃÊÃÊ „ÒU
Á∑§ Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥
‚’‚ ∑§◊ (v} ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ) „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥
◊¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ÷Ë ∑§◊ ¡Ê ∑§fl‹ vv ¬˝ÁÇÊà „ÒU–
Á¡Ÿ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§Ë ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ ÕË,
©UŸ◊¥ ‚ •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê ∞‚ ≈UË «UË •ÊÒ⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸
flË ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ÷Ë ¡ÊŸÃ Õ– ∑ȧ‹
Á◊‹Ê∑§⁄U ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸŸ flÊ‹Ê¥
∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà v} „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U vz ¬˝ÁÇÊà ‹Êª ∞‚
≈UË «UË ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ß‚ Ãâÿ ‚ ÷Ë
flÊÁ∑§»§ Õ Á∑§ ∞‚ ⁄UÊª ¡ÊÁπ◊ ¬Íáʸ ÿÊÒŸ
ªÁÃÁflÁœ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ⁄UÊª ∑§ ‹ª
¡ÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ’…∏UÊÃ „Ò¥U– ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ∑§«∏UË
‚ •Ÿ¡ÊŸ „UÊŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ‹Êª •ŸÊfl‡ÿ∑§
M§¬ ‚ ¡ÊÁπ◊ ÷⁄U ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢¬∑¸§ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ‚
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U ’…∏U ¡ÊÃ „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ÿ„U ’«∏U ¬Ò◊ÊŸ ¬⁄U »Ò§‹Ë „ÈU߸ „ÒU–
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
14

2.7 Page 17

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THE ROLE OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE
ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê
The percentage of respondents in
Bihar who reported a symptom of a
STD is below the average for India,
although that may partly result
from a lack of knowledge of
STDs in general. As in any such
survey, there is the possibility of
under-reporting or misreporting
symptoms, but the results provide
some idea of those particularly
vulnerable to HIV infection and
who could, in turn, pass the
infection to others, widening the
HIV epidemic in the state. Females
were more likely to report STD
symptoms than males in both
urban and rural areas.
Treatment-seeking behaviour for
STD symptoms is low in Bihar,
with less than half saying that
they had sought medical attention.
The percentage of male
respondents who sought treatment
was unusually low compared to
females. In most other states,
male treatment seeking is much
more similar to females or even
exceeds it. This points to a
definite need to educate males
in Bihar regarding STDs and the
need to consult a health care
provider should they suspect
that they have contracted one.
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Who Reported a STD Symptom in the
Past Year, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ, Á¡ã„UÙ¥Ÿ Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ‹ˇÊáÊ
∑§Ë ‚ÍøŸÊ Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊ߸, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Total/∑ȧ‹
4.2
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
3.6
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Who Reported a STD Symptom and Who Sought
Treatment in the Past Year, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ, Á¡ã„UÊ¥Ÿ Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ‹ˇÊáÊ
∑§Ë ‚ÍøŸÊ Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊ߸ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ⁄UπË, Á’„UÊ⁄U, wÆÆ{
Total/∑ȧ‹
57
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
58
51
53
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
46
45
45
19
16
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊ „UÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøŸÊ
Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊŸ flÊ‹Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ë •ÊÒ‚Ã
‚ ∑§◊ „ÒU, ∞‚Ê •Ê◊ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§Ë
‚Ê◊Êãÿ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§ •÷Êfl ∑§Ê „UÊŸÊ „ÒU– ¡Ò‚Ê
Á∑§ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ „U⁄U∑§ ‚fl¸ˇÊáÊ ◊¥ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU, Á∑§
•ã«U⁄U Á⁄U¬ÊÁ≈ZUª •ÕflÊ Á◊‚ Á⁄U¬ÊÁ≈ZUª ‹ˇÊáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë
‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ⁄U„UÃË „ÒU, ¬⁄UãÃÈ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ ©UŸ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§
’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ∑ȧ¿U ⁄UÊÿ ©U¬‹éœ ∑§⁄UflÊÃ „Ò¥U ¡Ê
Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§ ÉÊÊÃ∑§
M§¬ ‚ ª˝Á‚à „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U ¡Ê ’Œ‹ ◊¥ ÿ„U ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ
ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà ∑§⁄UflÊ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U, fl ‹Êª ⁄UÊÖÿ
◊¥ √ÿʬ∑§ M§¬ ‚ »Ò§‹ ⁄U„U „Ò¥U– ‡Ê„U⁄UË •ÊÒ⁄U ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê Œ¡¸ ∑§⁄UflÊŸ
flÊ‹Ê¥ ◊¥ ¬ÈM§·Ê¥ ∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê∞¢ •Áœ∑§ ÕË–
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ⁄UπŸ flÊ‹Ê¥
∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§◊ „ÒU, Á¡Ÿ◊¥ ‚ •Êœ ‚ ∑ȧ¿U ∑§◊
‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§„UŸÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ©Uã„UÊ¥Ÿ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§Ë
•Ê⁄U äÿÊŸ ÁŒÿÊ– ¬ÈM§·Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, Á¡Ÿ◊¥
©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UflÊŸ ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ ∑§◊ ÕË– ÖÿÊŒÊÃ⁄U •ãÿ ⁄UÊÖÿÊ¥ ◊¥
¬ÈM§·Ê¥ ◊¥ ©U¬øÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§
’⁄UÊ’⁄U „Ò¥U ÿÊ ©UŸ‚ ÷Ë •Áœ∑§ „ÒU– ÿ„U ÁŸÁ‡øÃ
M§¬ ‚ ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U ‚¢∑§Ã ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ¬ÈM§·Ê¥ ∑§Ê ∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥
Á‡ÊÁˇÊà ∑§⁄UŸÊ ’„ÈUà •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U SflÊSâÿ
‚flÊ ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹ √ÿÁQ§ ‚ ‚‹Ê„U ‹ŸÊ
•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU–
15

2.8 Page 18

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COMMERCIAL SEX WORK
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸
In 2006, 66 percent of FSWs said
that their risk of HIV was either
“low” or “no chance”. This may
result from the fact that the large
majority of FSWs say that they
insist upon condom use. If so,
this is an encouraging sign.
The large majority of FSWs in
Bihar, 88 percent, now refuse
sex or successfully persuade
their clients to use the condom
if they resist doing so. Relatively
small percentages sell sex without
the condom or charge extra.
Throughout India, there was,
however, a significant difference
between brothel-based and
non-brothel based FSWs on
this important measure.
Non-brothel-based FSWs agreed
to sex without the condom much
more frequently than brothel-based.
Given the difficulties reaching those
engaged in more informal sex work,
this is likely to be a continuing
problem.
16
Female Sex Workers' Perception of the Risk of Contracting HIV, Bihar, 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ù ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ª˝Á‚à „UÙŸ ∑§ ¡ÙÁπ◊ ∑§Ê ôÊÊŸ, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Very high
’„ÈUà ÖÿÊŒÊ
15%
No chance
‚ê÷ÊflŸÊ Ÿ„UË¥
42%
Moderate
◊äÿ◊
17%
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
No response
∑§Ù߸U ¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊ Ÿ„UË¥
2%
Low
∑§◊
24%
Female Sex Worker Actions When Client Refused Condom Use, Bihar, 2006
¡’ ª˝Ê„U∑§ Ÿ ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ‚ ◊ŸÊ Á∑§ÿÊ ÃÙ ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝§ÿÊ, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Refused sex
ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ ‚ ◊ŸÊ Á∑§ÿÊ
76%
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
Persuaded successfully
‚»§‹ÃʬÍfl¸∑§ ◊ŸÊŸÊ
12%
Charged extra
•ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§ fl‚Í‹Ë ∑§Ë
4%
Failed to persuade
◊ŸÊŸ ◊¥ •‚»§‹
5%
Sold sex
ÿıŸ ‚¢’¢œ ’øÊ
3%
Note: among FSWs reporting client refusal in the previous three months
ŸÙ≈U — Á¬¿U‹ ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ mÊ⁄UÊ ª˝Ê„U∑§ ∑§Ê Ÿ∑§Ê⁄UÊ ¡ÊŸÊ
fl·¸ wÆÆ{ ◊¥, {{ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ◊Á„U‹Ê
ÿıŸ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ù¥ Ÿ ’ÃÊÿÊ Á∑§ ©UŸ∑§Ê
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ê ¡ÙÁπ◊ ““ÁŸêŸ SÃ⁄UËÿ”” ÿÊ
““Ÿ„UË¥”” ÕÊ– ÄÿÊ¥Á∑§ •Áœ∑§Ã⁄U ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ
∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§á«UÙ◊ ∑§ ¬˝ÿÙª ¬⁄U ÖÿÊŒÊ ¡Ù⁄U
ŒÃË „Ò¥U– ÿ„U ∞∑§ ©Uà‚Ê„U¡Ÿ∑§ ‚¢∑§Ã „ÒU–
•’ Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ë ∞∑§
’«∏UË ‚¢ÅÿÊ, }} ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹
∑§Ê ÿÊÒŸ Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ Ÿ∑§Ê⁄UÊ ÿÊ •¬Ÿ ª˝Ê„U∑§
mÊ⁄UÊ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§Ê ◊ŸÊ ∑§⁄UŸ ¬⁄U
©U‚ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞
‚»§‹ÃʬÍfl¸∑§ ◊ŸÊ Á‹ÿÊ– ß‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‚ÊÕ
∑§◊ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ∞‚ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê „ÒU
Á¡ã„UÊ¥Ÿ Á’ŸÊ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ’øÊ
ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ ◊ÍÀÿ fl‚Í‹ Á∑§ÿÊ– ÷Ê⁄Uà fl·¸ ◊¥
fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà •ÊÒ⁄U ªÒ⁄U fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ •ÊœÊÁ⁄UÃ
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ◊¥ ß‚ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ◊Èg ¬⁄U
∑§Ê»§Ë •ãÃ⁄U „ÒU– •Áœ∑§Ã⁄U ªÒ⁄U fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ
•ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ∞»§ ∞‚ «UéÀÿÍ fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ •ÊœÊÁ⁄UÃ
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ Á’ŸÊ ∑¢§«UÊ◊
∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ⁄UÊ¡Ë „UÊ ¡ÊÃË „Ò¥U– ¡Ê ‹Êª
•ŸÊÒ¬øÊÁ⁄U∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢¬∑¸§ ◊¥ •Áœ∑§ Á‹# „ÒU,
©UŸ◊¥ ÿ„U ‚◊SÿÊ ’ŸË ⁄U„UÃË „ÒU–

2.9 Page 19

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COMMERCIAL SEX WORK
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸
For clients of sex workers, use of
the condom is clearly essential to
avoid HIV infection but of no less
importance is subsequent condom
use with their regular partner or
spouse. There has been a large
increase in clients’ condom use with
FSWs, due in part to the FSWs’
insistence. A similar increase was
observed with other non-regular
partners. Condom use with their
regular partner remains quite low,
showing only a small improvement
from 2001 to 2006. This is precisely
how HIV becomes a generalised
epidemic, moving from high-risk
populations into society as a whole.
As important as this public health
issue is, it will almost certainly
remain a difficult one as few sex
worker clients wish to arouse
suspicion in their spouse by using
the condom. This places even greater
emphasis on the importance of use
of the condom with sex workers.
In the BSS, the majority of clients
of sex workers were married, thus
increasing the possibility of the
transmission of HIV to spouses.
Once infected, a woman can infect an
unborn child with HIV or do so during
breastfeeding, reinforcing the need for
condom use during commercial sex.
While universal condom use during
paid sex has been achieved in some
countries, such as Thailand, many sex
workers in India are not brothel-based,
an obstacle to programmes of HIV
education.
Percent of FSW Clients Reporting Consistent Condom Use with Female Partners
in the Past Three Months, Bihar, 2001* and 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§ ª˝Ê„U∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡ã„UÙ¥Ÿ Á¬¿U‹ ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ◊Á„U‹Ê ‚ÊÕË ∑§
‚ÊÕ ÁŸ⁄¢UÃ⁄U ∑¢§«UÙ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊Ê‹ Á∑§ÿÊ, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆv* •ı⁄U wÆÆ{
With female sex worker
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ
37
74
3
With non-regular female partner
•ÁŸÿÁ◊à ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ-‚ÊÕË
54
3
With regular female partner
ÁŸÿÁ◊à ◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ-‚ÊÕË
13
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
2001
2006
* including Jharkhand / ¤ÊÊ⁄Uπá«U ‚Á„UÃ
Living Arrangements of FSW Clients, Bihar, 2006
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§ ÁflflÊÁ„Uà ª˝Ê„U∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ⁄U„Ÿ ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁÃ, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Does not live with
any partner
Á∑§‚Ë ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ
Ÿ„Ë¢ ⁄U„UÃ
36%
Lives with a partner
∞∑§ ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ⁄U„UÃ „Ò¥U
6%
BSS-2006 (Draft Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ («˛UÊç≈U Á⁄U¬Ê≈¸U)
Lives with spouse
¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ
⁄U„UÃ „Ò¥U
58%
ÿÊÒŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ê¥ ∑§ ª˝Ê„U∑§Ê¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ‚ ’øŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊Ê‹
S¬CÔU M§¬ ‚ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU, Á∑§ãÃÈ ÿ„U ÷Ë ∑§◊
•Êfl‡ÿ∑§ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU Á∑§ fl •¬Ÿ ‚ÊÕË ÿÊ ¡ËflŸ
‚ÊÕË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ÁŸÿÁ◊à ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§⁄¥U–
◊Á„U‹Ê ÿıŸ ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ∑§ ◊ŸÊŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ©UŸ∑§
ª˝Ê„U∑§Ê¥ ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ◊¥ ’…∏UÊÃ⁄UË „ÈU߸
„ÒU– ∞‚Ë „UË ’…∏UÊÃ⁄UË ©Uãÿ •ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÁÕÿÊ¥ ∑§
‚ÊÕ ÷Ë ŒπŸ ∑§Ê Á◊‹Ë „ÒU– ÁŸÿÁ◊à ‚ÊÕË ∑§
‚ÊÕ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§◊ ⁄U„UÃÊ „ÒU, ¡Ê ÿ„U
Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆv ‚ wÆÆ{ Ã∑§ ß‚ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥
¬˝ªÁà ∑§◊ „ÈU߸ „ÒU– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ©Uëø
¡ÊÁπ◊ •Ê’ÊŒË ‚ „UÊÃÊ „ÈU•Ê ¬Í⁄U ‚◊Ê¡ ◊¥
√ÿʬ∑§ M§¬ ‚ »Ò§‹ ⁄U„UÊ „ÒU– ¡Ÿ SflÊSâÿ ∑§Ê ÿ„U
◊ÈgÊ ßÃŸÊ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ „ÒU Á∑§, ÿ„U Á∑§‚Ë „UŒ Ã∑§
◊ÈÁ‡∑§‹¥ ¬ÒŒÊ ∑§⁄UÃÊ ⁄U„UªÊ øÍ¢Á∑§ ‚ÒÄ‚ ∑§Á◊¸ÿÊ¥ ∑§
¬Ê‚ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹ ∑ȧ¿U ‹Êª ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ßSÃ◊Ê‹
∑§⁄UÃ „ÈU∞ •¬Ÿ ¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ◊¥ ‚¢Œ„U ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁÃ
¬ÒŒÊ ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U– ÿ„U ‚ÒÄ‚ ∑§Á◊¸ÿÊ¥ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑¢§«UÊ◊
ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ◊„Uàfl ¬⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U éÊ‹ ŒÃÊ „ÒU–
√ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ÁŸÁ⁄UˇÊáÊ ‚fl¸ (’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚) ◊¥ ÿÊÒŸ
∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ•Ê¥ ∑§ ª˝Ê„U∑§Ê¥ ◊¥ ÖÿÊŒÊÃ⁄U ‡ÊÊŒË ‡ÊÈŒÊ Õ
Á¡‚ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ¡ËflŸ ‚ÊÕË ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§
‚¢øÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë ‚¢÷ÊflŸÊ ’…∏U ¡ÊÃË „ÒU– ∞∑§ ’Ê⁄U
‚¢∑˝§Á◊à „UÊŸ ¬⁄U ∞∑§ ◊Á„U‹Ê •¬Ÿ •¡ã◊¥ Á‡Ê‡ÊÈ
∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ∑§⁄U ‚∑§ÃË „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
∞‚Ê „UË S߬ʟ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ ÷Ë „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU, ÿ„U
Ãâÿ ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U ¡Ê⁄U «UÊ‹ÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
√ÿfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢’¢œ ∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê
ßSÃ◊Ê‹ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ÷ȪÃÊŸ ∑§ ’ÊŒ ÿÊÒŸ ‚¢’¢œ
∑§ ŒÊÒ⁄UÊŸ ∑¢§«UÊ◊ ∑§Ê ©U¬ÿÊª ∑ȧ¿U Œ‡ÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ‡ÊÈM§
„ÈU•Ê „ÒU, ¡Ò‚ ÕÊß‹Ò¥«U, ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ’„ÈUà ‚
ÿÊÒŸ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ãʸ ªÒ⁄U-fl‡ÿÊ‹ÿ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà „Ò¥U, ¡Ê Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ◊¥ M§∑§Êfl≈U „ÒU–
17

2.10 Page 20

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TESTING FOR INFECTION
Awareness on the part of BSS
respondents that one can be
tested for HIV infection in their
area is low in Bihar. Too often,
HIV is spread by people who
did not realize that they were
HIV-positive and could have taken
simple steps to prevent passing it
to others. Knowledge that a
testing facility is available is an
essential first step but must also
be combined with the realization
that testing itself can be done
confidentially. By 2005-06,
63 Voluntary Counseling and
Testing Centres (VCTCs) had
been established in 38 districts
of Bihar, up from six in 2002.
In some districts, a decrease
in the proportion may indicate
those from lower-risk groups who
come to the centres voluntarily.
In 2006-07, 100 new testing
centres have been established
in eight high prevalence districts.
18
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Aware of Any HIV/AIDS Testing Facility in Their
Area, by Sex and Urban/Rural, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ù •¬Ÿ ˇÊòÊ ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ë
‚ÈÁflœÊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªM§∑§ „Ò¥U, ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
14
10
6
24
18
11
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
13
9
6
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Percent of Patients Testing HIV-positive, Selected VCTCs
Bihar, 2002 - 2006
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ⁄UÙÁªÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ, øÈŸ „ÈU∞ flË ‚Ë ≈UË ‚Ë,
Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆw-wÆÆ{
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥, ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚ ◊¥ ß‚ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ
∑§◊ „ÒU Á∑§ ∑§Ê߸ √ÿÁQ§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø
∑§⁄UflÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ÿ„U ¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UflÊŸ ∑§Ë
‚ÈÁflœÊ ©U‚∑§ •Ê‚ ¬Ê‚ „UË ∑§„UË¥ ¬⁄U „ÒU– ߟ
’ÊÃÊ¥ ∑§Ê •‚⁄U ÿ„U „UÊÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
©UŸ √ÿÁQ§ÿÊ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ »Ò§‹ÃÊ ⁄U„UÃÊ „ÒU Á¡ã„¥U ÿ„U
◊Ê‹Í◊ Ÿ„UË¥ „UÊÃÊ Á∑§ fl„U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¬ÊÚÁ ÊÁ≈Ufl
„ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚ ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ¥ Ã∑§ »Ò§‹Ÿ ‚ ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞
∑ȧ¿U ‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ ∑§Œ◊ ©U∆UÊ ‚∑§Ã Õ– ‚fl¸¬˝Õ◊
ß‚ ’Êà ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË „UÊŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU Á∑§
ß‚ ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ •Ê‚ ¬Ê‚ „UË ©U¬‹éœ „ÒU
¬⁄UãÃÈ ß‚ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÿ„U ÷Ë äÿÊŸ ◊¥
⁄UπŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU Á∑§ ß‚ ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ê ªÈ# M§¬
‚ ÷Ë ∑§⁄UflÊÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆz-Æ{
◊¥ ÁéÊ„UÊ⁄U ∑§ x} Á¡‹Ê¥ ◊¥ {x Voluntary
Counselling and Testing Centre
(flË ‚Ë ≈UË ‚Ë) ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ „UÙ øÈ∑§Ë ÕË– ¡Ê
Á∑§ ‚Ÿ˜ wÆÆw ◊¥ ∑§fl‹ { ÕË– ∑ȧ¿U Á¡‹Ê¥ ◊¥
ß‚ •ŸÈ¬Êà ◊¥ ∑§◊Ë ©UŸ Sflÿ¢ ‚fl∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë •Ê⁄U
‚¢∑§Ã ∑§⁄U ‚∑§ÃË „ÒU ¡Ê ∑§ãº˝ ¬⁄U ÁŸ◊A ¡ÊÁπ◊
‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ ‚ •¬ŸË ßë¿UÊ ‚ •ÊÃ „Ò¥U–
wÆÆ{-Æ| ◊¥ } •Áœ∑§ √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ flÊ‹ Á¡‹Ê¥
◊¥ vÆÆ Ÿ∞ ¡Ê¢ø ∑§ãº˝ SÕÊÁ¬Ã Á∑§∞ ª∞–
BSACS
’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
AN Medical College Hospital,Gaya
∞ ∞Ÿ ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡ •S¬ÃÊ‹, ªÿÊ
D Medical College Hospital,Laheriasaria
«UË ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡ •S¬ÃÊ‹, ‹„UÁ⁄UÿÊ‚⁄UÊÿ
N Medical College Hospital,Patna
∞Ÿ ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡ •S¬ÃÊ‹, ¬≈UŸÊ
Sadar Hospital, Katihar
‚Œ⁄U •S¬ÃÊ‹, ∑§Á≈U„UÊ⁄U
Patna Medical College Hospital,Patna
¬≈UŸÊ ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡ •S¬ÃÊ‹, ¬≈UŸÊ
SK Medical College Hospital, Muzzaffarpur
∞‚ ∑§ ◊ÒÁ«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡ •S¬ÃÊ‹, ◊ȡ继⁄U¬È⁄U

3 Pages 21-30

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3.1 Page 21

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STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
∑§‹¢∑§ •ı⁄U ÷Œ÷Êfl
Misconceptions regarding HIV
can be one of its biggest allies.
If people believe that HIV can be
spread by sharing food, a sneeze,
or a mosquito bite, the likelihood
of stigma against its victims is
greatly increased. Similarly, should
people believe the disease is
curable, they will fear it less. India
is not alone in this, as all countries
have had to educate the public
about HIV. National campaigns to
reduce misconceptions about HIV
have intensified and would seem to
have had an effect in India.
The proportion of those in Bihar
saying that HIV/AIDS is curable is
relatively low although significant
proportions still believe that HIV can
be transmitted by mosquito bite.
HIV-positive persons can live quite
normal, useful lives if the nature of
their disease is fully understood by
others. Too often, ignorance-based
fear results in the expulsion of
HIV-positive people from their
home, village and job. In Bihar, only
30 percent of respondents in the
BSS believed that a HIV-positive
person should be allowed to stay
in the village area. And, 40 percent
still believe that HIV-positive people
should be cared for in a separate
facility, showing that many myths
about how HIV is transmitted are
being perpetuated.
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, with Particular Beliefs about HIV/AIDS
Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà ∑ȧ¿U
Total/∑ȧ‹
ÁŸÁ‡øà ÁflEÊ‚ „ÒU, Á’„UÊ⁄U wÆÆ{
Both Sexes
22
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
9
Male
33
¬ÈL§·
12
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
10
6
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Both Sexes
28
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
11
Male
34
¬ÈL§·
12
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
21
11
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
Both Sexes
21
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
9
Male
33
¬ÈL§·
12
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
9
6
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Can be transmitted by mosquito bite/◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU
Can be cured by medicine/ŒflÊ ‚ ß‹Ê¡ „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU
Percent of Respondents, Ages 15-49, Saying That HIV/AIDS Patients Can Stay in the Village
Area and Saying That They Should Have a Separate Care Facility, Bihar, 2006
vz ‚ y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡Ÿ∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ⁄UÙªË ªÊ¢fl ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ⁄U„U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U •ı⁄U
ÿ„U ÷Ë ∑§„UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§ ©UŸ∑§Ë Œπ÷Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ •‹ª „UÙŸË øÊÁ„U∞, Á’„Ê⁄U, wÆÆ{
Total/∑ȧ‹
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
30
40
Male
38
¬ÈL§·
53
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
21
26
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
51
53
54
62
47
42
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
Both Sexes
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª
Male
¬ÈL§·
Female
◊Á„U‹Ê
27
38
36
52
18
24
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Can stay in village area/ªÊ¢fl ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ⁄U„U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U
Should have a separate care facility/Œπ÷Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ •‹ª „UÙŸË øÊÁ„U∞
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ª‹Ã œÊ⁄UáÊÊ∞¢ ß‚∑§Ë
‚’‚ ’«∏UË ‚ÊÕË „UÊ ‚∑§ÃË „Ò¥U– ÿÁŒ ‹Êª ÿ„U
Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄U ‹¥ Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ÷Ê¡Ÿ ∑§Ê ∞∑§
ŒÍ‚⁄U ∑§ ‚ÊÕ πÊŸ ‚, ¿UË¥∑§ ‚ ÿÊ Á»§⁄U ◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§
∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ „UÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU ÃÊ ß‚‚ ¬˝÷ÊÁflà √ÿÁQ§ ∑§
ÁflM§h ß‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ‚ ÷ÿ ’…∏U ¡Ê∞ªÊ– ß‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U
ÄÿÊ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÿ„U Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄UŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞ Á∑§ ÿ„U
⁄UÊª ‹Êß‹Ê¡ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU, ÃÊ fl ß‚‚ ∑§◊ ÷ÿ÷ËÃ
„UÊ¥ª– ß‚ ∑§fl‹ ÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ „UË Ÿ„UË¥ •Á¬ÃÈ ‚÷Ë Œ‡ÊÊ¥
∑§ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà Á‡ÊÁˇÊà Á∑§ÿÊ
¡ÊŸÊ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ¬˝Áà ª‹Ã
œÊ⁄UáÊÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊Ê# ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ
•ÊÿÊ¡∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ë ªÁà ◊¥ ÃËfl˝ÃÊ ‹Ê߸ ªß¸ „ÒU •ÊÒ⁄U
÷Ê⁄Uà ◊¥ ß‚∑§ ¬˝÷Êfl ŒπŸ ∑§Ê Á◊‹ „Ò¥U–
∞ø •Ê߸ flË /∞«˜U‚ ∑§Ê ©U¬øÊ⁄U ‚¢÷fl „ÒU,
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ÿ„U ◊ÊŸŸ flÊ‹ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ
’„ÈUà ∑§◊ „ÒU– ÿlÁ¬ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ’«∏UÊ •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ
•÷Ë ÷Ë ÿ„U Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄UÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË
◊ë¿U⁄U ∑§ ∑§Ê≈UŸ ‚ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU–
ÿÁŒ ‹Êª √ÿÁQ§ ∑§ ⁄UÊª ∑§Ë ¬˝∑ΧÁà ∑§Ê ‚◊¤Ê¥ ÃÊ ∞ø
•Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à √ÿÁQ§ ‚Ê◊Êãÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬ÿÊªË
¡ËflŸ ¡Ë ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– •Ä‚⁄U Ÿ¡⁄U•¢ŒÊ¡ •ÊœÊÁ⁄UÃ
÷ÿ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©UŸ∑§ ÉÊ⁄U,
ªÊ¢fl •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸SÕ‹ ‚ •‹ª ∑§⁄U ŒŸ ∑§Ê ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ
’ŸÃÊ „ÒU– Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚ ◊¥ xÆ ¬˝ÁÇÊà ‹ÊªÊ¥
∑§Ê ÿ„U Áfl‡flÊ‚ „ÒU Á∑§ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©Uã„UË¥ ∑§
ªÊ¢fl ÿÊ SÕÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§Ë •ŸÈ◊Áà Á◊‹ŸË øÊÁ„U∞
•ÊÒ⁄U yÆ ¬˝ÁÇÊà •÷Ë ÷Ë ÿ„U Áfl‡flÊ‚ ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ë Œπ÷Ê‹ ∑§Ë
‚ÈÁflœÊ •‹ª ‚ „UÊŸË øÊÁ„U∞, ¡Ê ÿ„U Œ‡ÊʸÃÊ „ÒU Á∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑Ò§‚ ‚¢øÊÁ⁄Uà „UÊÃÊ „ÒU, ß‚∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥
•Ÿ∑§Ê¥ •»§flÊ„¥U / •flœÊ⁄UáÊÊ∞¢ ÁŸ⁄U¢Ã⁄U •¬ŸÊ
•ÁSÃàfl ’ŸÊ∞ „ÈU∞ „Ò¥U
19

3.2 Page 22

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THE ROLE OF MEDIA
Information about HIV/AIDS must
be spread quickly to be effective.
This is a particularly difficult task
given the state’s vast rural
population and high levels of
illiteracy. The proportion of BSS
respondents saying that they had
seen or heard some type of
HIV/AIDS announcement or
advertisement in the past month
was India’s lowest, especially
among rural women. Only
18 percent of rural women
reported such exposure. This
situation places informational
activities at the top of the anti-HIV
campaign’s agenda in Bihar.
Which types of media have been
most effective in Bihar? Due to
illiteracy, mass media (television
and radio) were most often cited
by BSS respondents as sources
of information on HIV/AIDS and
condoms. Those reporting
channels generally requiring
literacy, mid-media (e.g., placards,
hoardings, posters, cinema halls,
street theater, etc.) and written
(newspapers, magazines,
pamphlets, etc.) were by far the
lowest. It is also noteworthy that
those reporting mass media were
about half the all-India average,
a situation resulting from much
less access to those forms of
communications.
20
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Who Saw/Heard/Read any Advertisement or Announcements
on HIV/AIDS at Least Once in the Past Month by Sex and Urban/Rural, Bihar, 2006
vz-y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà Á¡ã„UÙ¥Ÿ Á¬¿U‹ ∞∑§ ◊„UËŸ ◊¥ ∞ø•Ê߸flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥
∑§Ù߸ ÷Ë ÁflôÊʬŸ ÿÊ ÉÊÙ·áÊÊ ∑§Ù ŒπÊ/‚ÈŸÊ/¬…∏UÊ „ÒU, Á‹¢ªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ÃÕÊ ‡Ê„U⁄UË/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ, Á’„UÊ⁄U, wÆÆ{
74
64
Total/∑ȧ‹
Urban/‡Ê„U⁄UË
Rural/ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ
53
52
51
38
35
22
18
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Both Sexes Male Female
ŒÙŸÙ¥ Á‹¢ª ¬ÈL§· ◊Á„U‹Ê
Percent of Adults, Ages 15-49, Reporting Different Types of Media
as a Source of Information, Bihar, 2006
vz-y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ flÿS∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÇÊà ¡Ù ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§
dÙÃÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÊª ∑§⁄UÃ „Ò¥U, Á’„UÊ⁄U, wÆÆ{
43
40
Mass media
◊Ê‚ ◊ËÁ«UÿÊ
BSS-2006 (Final Report)
’Ë∞‚∞‚-wÆÆ{ (»§Êߟ‹ Á⁄U¬Ù≈¸U)
8
6
18
16
Mid-media
Á◊«U-◊ËÁ«UÿÊ
Written media
Á‹Áπà ◊ËÁ«UÿÊ
About HIV/AIDS/STIs
About condoms
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚/∞‚ ≈UË •Ê߸ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ∑§á«UÙ◊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥
◊ËÁ«UÿÊ ∑§Ë ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
∑§Ê ‡ÊËÉÊ˝ÃʬÍáʸ ¬˝øÊ⁄U ß‚ ∑§Ë ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ∑§
Á‹∞ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU– ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ’„ÈU‹
¡Ÿ‚¢ÅÿÊ ÃÕÊ ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÃÊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ÿ„U
∑§Êÿ¸ •àÿÁœ∑§ ∑§Á∆UŸ „ÒU– ’Ë ∞‚ ∞‚ ◊¥
¡flÊ’ ŒŸ flÊ‹Ù¥ ◊¥ ‚ ’„ÈUà ∑§◊ ‚¢ÅÿÊ
¡Ù ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚ ∑§◊ „ÒU,
Áfl‡Ê·∑§⁄U ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ Ÿ ∑§„UÊ Á∑§
©Uã„UÙ¥Ÿ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ∑§Ù߸
ÉÊÙ·áÊÊ ÿÊ ÁflôÊʬŸ Á¬¿U‹ ∞∑§ ◊Ê„U ◊¥
‚ÈŸÊ ÿÊ ŒπÊ „ÒU– ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ◊Á„U‹Ê•Ù¥ ◊¥
∑§fl‹ v} ¬˝ÁÇÊà ∞‚Ë „Ò¥U– ÿ„U ÁSÕÁÃ
Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ù ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ÁflL§f
©UìÊÃ⁄U ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ÃÊ •Á÷ÿÊŸ ø‹ÊŸ
∑§ Á‹∞ ‚’ ‚ ™§¬⁄U ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà ◊¥
⁄UπÃË „Ò–
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∑§ıŸ ‚Ê ◊ËÁ«UÿÊ ‚’‚
¬˝÷Êfl¬ÍáʸU „ÒU? ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄UÃÊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ
’Ë∞‚∞‚ ◊¥ ¡flÊ’ ŒŸ flÊ‹ ‹ÙªÙ¥ Ÿ
’ÃÊÿÊ Á∑§ ©UŸ∑§Ê ∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ÃÕÊ
∑§á«UÙ◊ ‚ê’ãœË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ê dÙÃ
◊Ê‚◊ËÁ«UÿÊ (≈U‹ËÁfl¡Ÿ •ı⁄U ⁄UÁ«UÿÙ)
ÕÊ– ∞‚ ¬˝ÿÊ‚ øÒŸ‹ Á¡Ÿ∑§ ¬˝Ùª˝Ê◊Ù¥ ∑§
Á‹∞ ‚ÊˇÊ⁄UÃÊ ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ „ÒU ¡Ò‚ Á∑§
Á◊«U◊ËÁ«UÿÊ (å‹∑§Ê«¸U, „UÊÁ«ZUÇ‚, ¬ÙS≈U⁄U,
Á‚Ÿ◊Ê „UÊÚ‹, S≈˛UË≈U ÁâÊÿ≈U⁄U, •ÊÁŒ) ÃÕÊ
Á‹Áπà (•π’Ê⁄U, ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê, ¬êç‹Ò≈˜U‚
•ÊÁŒ) ‚’‚ ÁŸêŸ SÃ⁄U ¬⁄U Õ– ß‚ ’ÊÃ
¬⁄U äÿÊŸ ŒŸÊ „UÙªÊ Á∑§ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§
‚ÊœŸ ¬Í⁄U ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ë •ı‚à ∑§Ê ‹ª÷ª
•ÊœÊ Õ Á¡‚ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË
∑§◊ „UÙ ‚∑§ÃË „ÒU–

3.3 Page 23

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BIHAR RESPONDS TO HIV/AIDS
BSACS: Working to Prevent HIV/AIDS
The AIDS control programme in Bihar
began in May 1992. In July 1999, the
Bihar State AIDS Control Society
(BSACS) was founded. In India, SACS
were created to ensure a more efficient
management of programme design and
implementation in addition to the
smooth, effective distribution of funds.
BSACS has representation not only
from state government but from
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
and experts in the field of HIV/AIDS.
As a result, activities appropriate to the
needs of Bihar can be quickly organized
and initiated. Keeping in mind the
overall vision of the National Aids
Control Organisation (NACO),
BSACS has adopted a multi-sectoral,
multi-pronged approach.
BSACS activities and programmes
include:
Targeted interventions
Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centres
(VCTCs)
Prevention of Parent to Child
Transmission (PPTCT) Centres
STD care and counseling
Condom promotion
Blood safety
Information, Education & Communication
(IEC) programmes
Mobile campaigns
Training
Care and support centres
School AIDS Education Programme
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà Á’„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ¡flÊ’Œ„UË
Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Á◊Á×
∞ø •Ê߸U flË/∞«U‚˜ ∑§Ë ⁄UÙ∑§ÕÊ◊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§Êÿ¸⁄UÃ
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÈM§•Êà ◊߸
v~~w ◊¥ „ÈU߸– ¡È‹Ê߸ v~~~, ◊¥ Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚
ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Á◊Áà ∑§Ê ª∆UŸ „ÈU•Ê, ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ù •Áœ∑§
¬˝÷ÊflË M§¬ ‚ √ÿflÁSÕà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ •ı⁄U ‹ÊªÍ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§
Á‹∞ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ª∆UŸ Á∑§ÿÊ
ªÿÊ, ÿ„U •ŸÈŒÊŸ ∑§ ‚⁄U‹ fl ¬˝÷ÊflË ÁflÃ⁄UáÊ ∑§
Á‹∞ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë ◊¥ Ÿ Á‚$»¸§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§
¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ „Ò¥U ’ÁÀ∑§ ªÒ⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚¢ª∆UŸÙ¥ •ı⁄U
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ ÷Ë ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹
„Ò¥U– ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ SflM§¬, Á’„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ•Ù¥ ∑§
•ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ¡ÀŒ „UË ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù •ÊÿÙÁ¡Ã Á∑§ÿÊ
¡Ê ‚∑§Ê •ı⁄U ßã„¥U ‡ÊÈM§•ÊÃË SÃ⁄U ¬⁄U ‹ÊªÍ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê
‚∑§Ê– ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿãòÊáÊ ‚¢ª∆UŸ (ŸÊ∑§Ù) ∑§
ÁfløÊ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ù äÿÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄UπÃ „ÈU∞, ’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë Ÿ
’„ÈU-ˇÊòÊËÿ, •Áœ∑§ ‚◊ÿ Ã∑§ ’Ÿ ⁄U„UŸ flÊ‹Ë
¬„È¢Uø ∑§Ù •¬ŸÊÿÊ „ÒU–
’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë ∑§Ë ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÙ¥ •ı⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊Ù¥ ◊¥
ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ „Ò¥U—
‹ˇÿ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ „USÃˇÊ¬
SflÒÁë¿U∑§ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ∞fl¢ ¬⁄UˡÊáÊ ∑§ãº˝ (flË‚Ë≈UË‚Ë)
•Á÷flÊ÷∑§Ù¥ ‚ ’ìÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ù ⁄UÙ∑§Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞
∑§ãº˝ (¬Ë¬Ë≈UË‚Ë≈UË)
∞‚ ≈UË «UË ∑§ Á‹∞ Œπ÷Ê‹ •ı⁄U ‚‹Ê„U ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§⁄UŸÊ
∑§á«UÙ◊ ∑§ ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§Ë ‚‹Ê„U
⁄UÄà ‚È⁄UˇÊÊ
¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË, Á‡ÊˇÊÊ •ı⁄U ‚¢øÊ⁄U (•Ê߸U߸U‚Ë)∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊
ø‹Ã-Á»§⁄UÃ •Á÷ÿÊŸ
¬˝Á‡ÊˇÊáÊ
Œπ⁄Uπ •ı⁄U ‚◊Õ¸Ÿ ∑§ãº˝
S∑ͧ‹Ù¥ ◊¥ ∞«˜U‚ Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊
21

3.4 Page 24

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BIHAR RESPONDS TO HIV/AIDS
MAT Campaign
The Mobile Awareness and Testing
(MAT) campaign is an innovative
combination of IEC activities and
testing for HIV infection. The first
campaign, MAT-I, was flagged off by
film star Jackie Shroff in Patna on
14 July 2005. The chief purpose
was to reach the rural masses with
HIV counseling and testing. A total
of 115,565 people were tested,
of which 702 were found to be
HIV-positive.
In the MAT-I campaign, HIV
infection was found in all of the
state’s 38 districts. The MAT has
been continued in subsequent
rounds regularly up to 2007. The
importance of the MAT programme
is that it allows widespread testing
for HIV to be conducted in a short
period of time across the state and,
as the programme continues, will
bring the geographic pattern of
HIV to light. The counseling aspect
of the programme is particularly
important in that there are few
other ways to bring HIV information
to the state’s very large illiterate
population.
BSACS
’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚
22
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà Á’„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ¡flÊ’Œ„UË
Mobile Campaigns MAT-I + MAT-II
District wise Prevalence Rate, Bihar, 2005
◊Ê’Ê߸‹ •Á÷ÿÊŸ ∞◊ ∞ ≈UË-I + ∞◊ ∞ ≈UË-II
Á¡‹flÊ⁄U √ÿʬ∑§ÃÊ Œ⁄U, Á’„UÊ⁄U, wÆÆz
Percent infected with HIV
∞ø •Ê߸U flË ‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬˝ÁÇÊÃ
1.00 AND ABOVE / 1.00 •ı⁄U •Áœ∑§
0.50 - 0.99
0.25 - 0.49
0.24 AND BELOW /0.24 •ı⁄U ∑§◊
Map not to scale
◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ◊ʬ∑ ⁄Á„Ã
∞◊ ∞ ≈UË •Á÷ÿÊŸ
◊Ù’Ê߸‹ •flÿ⁄UŸÒ‚ ∞á«U ≈ÒUÁS≈¢Uª (∞◊ ∞ ≈UË)
•Á÷ÿÊŸ, •Ê߸U ߸ U‚Ë ªÁÃÁflÁœÿÙ¥ •ı⁄U
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹Ê
∞∑§ ŸÿÊ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ „ÒU– ¬„U‹Ê •Á÷ÿÊŸ
∞◊ ∞ ≈UË-v Á»§À◊ S≈UÊ⁄U ¡Ò∑§Ë üÊÊÚ»§ ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ
vy ¡È‹Ê߸ wÆÆz ∑§Ù ¬≈UŸÊ ◊¥ ‡ÊÈM§ Á∑§ÿÊ
ªÿÊ– ß‚∑§Ê ◊ÈÅÿ ©UŒ˜Œ‡ÿ ª˝Ê◊ËáÊ ¡ŸÃÊ Ã∑§
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ê’ãœË ‚‹Ê„U •ı⁄U ¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ù
‹∑§⁄U ¬„È¢UøŸÊ ÕÊ– ∑ȧ‹ vvz,z{z ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë
¡Ê¢ø ∑§Ë ªß¸ Á¡‚◊¥ ‚ |Æw ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚
‚¢∑˝§Á◊à ¬Ê∞ ª∞–
∞◊ ∞ ≈UË-v •Á÷ÿÊŸ ◊¥, ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ ‚÷Ë
x} Á¡‹Ù¥ ◊¥ ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚¢∑˝§◊áÊ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ–
∞◊ ∞ ≈UË •Á÷ÿÊŸ wÆÆ| Ã∑§ ÁŸ⁄¢UÃ⁄U ø‹ ⁄U„UÊ
„ÒU– ∞◊ ∞ ≈UË ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§Ê ◊„Uàfl ÿ„U „ÒU
Á∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ÷⁄U ◊¥ ÕÙ«∏U ‚◊ÿ ◊¥, ∞∑§ ‚ÊÕ
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¡Ê¢ø Á‡ÊÁfl⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê •ÊÿÙ¡Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ
ªÿÊ „ÒU ¡Ù Á∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊Ù¥ ∑§ ¡Ê⁄UË ⁄U„UŸ ¬⁄U
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§Ë ÷ıªÙÁ‹∑§ ÁSÕÁà ∑§Ù
©U¡Êª⁄U ∑§⁄UªÊ– ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ◊¥ ‚‹Ê„U ŒŸ
flÊ‹Ê ÷ʪ Áfl‡Ê· M§¬ ‚ ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ „ÒU
ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ ◊¥ ÁŸ⁄UˇÊ⁄U ¡ŸÃÊ ∑§ ‚Ê◊Ÿ
∞ø •Ê߸ flË ‚ê’ãœË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ŒŸ ∑§
‚ÊœŸ ‚ËÁ◊à „Ò¥U–

3.5 Page 25

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BIHAR RESPONDS TO HIV/AIDS
Family Health Awareness Campaign
Providing factual information to the
state’s rural population on sensitive
issues such as reproductive health,
sexual behaviour and HIV is an
essential part of BSACS agenda.
The Family Health Awareness
Campaign (FHAC) accomplished this
in a number of unique ways.
Necessary issues are discussed in
people’s homes and village camps
through the existing public health
system. The programme enables early
detection and treatment of STDs,
reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and
HIV among the 15-49 age group as well
bringing about changes in sexual
behaviour to reduce the transmission
of disease.
A Safe Blood Supply
BSACS has placed a high priority on a
safe blood supply. The goal is to
establish licensed Government Blood
Banks in all 38 districts as well as
insisting on voluntary donations only.
To that end, hundreds of voluntary
blood donation camps have been
organised, along with support from
NGOs. The state-of-the-art Model
Blood Bank, Jai Prabha Hospital,
Patna serves as the basis for blood
bank implementation. The networking
of operational government blood banks
is an additional benefit as people can
be provided with information on the
availability of blood stock in the state.
∞ø •Ê߸ flË/∞«˜U‚ ∑§ ¬˝Áà Á’„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ë ¡flÊ’Œ„UË
¬ÊÁ⁄UflÊÁ⁄U∑§ SflÊSâÿ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ •Á÷ÿÊŸ
⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ¡ŸÃÊ ∑§Ù ¬˝¡ŸŸ SflÊSâÿ, ÿıŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U,
•ı⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ¡Ò‚ ‚¢flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ ¬„U‹È•Ù¥
¬⁄U ÃâÿÊà◊∑§ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ©U¬‹éœ ∑§⁄UÊŸÊ,
’Ë ∞‚ ∞ ‚Ë ∞‚ ∑§ •¡ã«UÊ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§
•¢ª „ÒU– ¬ÊÁ⁄UflÊÁ⁄U∑§ SflÊSâÿ ¡ÊªM§∑§ÃÊ •Á÷ÿÊŸ
(∞»§ ∞ø ∞ ‚Ë) ◊¥ ÿ„U ‚’ ∑ȧ¿U •Ÿ∑§ •ŸÙπ
Ã⁄UË∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ âÊÊ– ◊ı¡ÍŒÊ SflÊSâÿ
¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ∑§Ë ◊ŒŒ ‚ ÉÊ⁄UÙ¥ •ı⁄U ªÊ°flÙ¥ ◊¥ •ÊÿÙÁ¡Ã
Á‡ÊÁfl⁄UÙ¥ ∑§ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ ¬„U‹È•Ù¥ ¬⁄U
¡ŸÃÊ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ øøʸ ∑§Ë ¡ÊÃË „ÒU– ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ ∑§
mÊ⁄UÊ ¡ÀŒ „UË ∞‚ ≈UË «UË, ¬˝¡ŸŸ ‚ê’ãœË
‚¢∑˝§◊áÊÙ¥ •ı⁄U ∞ø •Ê߸ flË ∑§ ◊Ê◊‹Ù¥ ∑§Ê
vz-y~ fl·¸ •ÊÿÈ flª¸ ◊¥ ¬ÃÊ ‹ªÊŸÊ ‚ê÷fl „ÈU•Ê
„ÒU •ı⁄U ß‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ-‚ÊÕ ’Ë◊ÊÁ⁄UÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù »Ò§‹Ÿ ‚
⁄UÙ∑§Ÿ ◊¥ ÿıŸ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ¬Á⁄UfløŸ ‹ÊŸ ◊¥ ÷Ë
‚»§‹ÃÊ ¬˝Êåà „ÈU߸ „ÒU–
‚È⁄UÁˇÊà ⁄UÄà •Ê¬ÍÁø
‚È⁄UÁˇÊà ⁄UÄà •Ê¬ÍÁø ∑§Ù ’Ë∞‚∞‚Ë∞‚ Ÿ ©UìÊ
¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ÃÊ ŒË „ÒU– ß‚∑§Ê ‹ˇÿ ‚÷Ë x} Á Ê‹Ù¥
◊¥ ‹Êß‚¥‚-œÊ⁄UË é‹«U ’Ò¥∑§ SÕÊÁ¬Ã ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§
‚ÊÕ-‚ÊÕ SflÒÁë¿U∑§ ⁄UÄÌʟ ¬⁄U ¡Ê⁄U ŒŸÊ „ÒU–
ß‚ ÁŒ‡ÊÊ ◊¥ •Ÿ∑§ SflÒÁë¿U∑§ ⁄UÄÌʟ Á‡ÊÁfl⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê
•ÊÿÙ¡Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ Á¡‚∑§ Á‹∞ ªÒ⁄U-‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË
‚¢ª∆UŸÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÿÙªŒÊŸ ÷Ë Á‹ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ◊ÊÚ«U‹ é‹«U
’Ò¥∑§, ¡ÿ¬˝÷Ê •S¬ÃÊ‹, ¬≈UŸÊ •Áà •ÊœÈÁŸ∑§ „ÒU
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23

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UNAIDS IN BIHAR
Á’„UÊ⁄U ◊¥ ÿÍ ∞Ÿ ∞«˜U‚
With an estimated 100,000 people
in Bihar now infected with HIV,
the anti-HIV campaign in the state
has a real opportunity to arrest
HIV infections, infections that
are completely preventable. A
UNAIDS state officer in Patna
helps coordinate programmes in
the state as well as between
Patna and Delhi.
In cooperation with the Bihar
Legislative Assembly, and at the
suggestion of the Chief Minister,
Shri Nitish Kumar, UNAIDS
sponsored the first meeting of
the Bihar Legislators’ Forum on
HIV and AIDS on 24 June 2006.
Bihar is the first state in India to
address HIV at the political level.
One outcome of the event, widely
covered by the media, was the
fact that well-known politicians
embraced HIV/AIDS issues
publicly, providing an effective
example to combat stigma.
Thus, with this conference, in
addition to panchayat and
sub-district activities of BSACS,
HIV now receives attention at all
levels of government. This is
precisely what is needed in Bihar
– early attention to HIV at the
early stage of the epidemic.
24
Dr. Denis Broun, UNAIDS Country Coordinator, Shri Uday Narayan Chaudhary, Speaker,
Bihar Vidhan Sabha and Shri Nitish Kumar, Chief Minister, Bihar
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¬Í⁄UË Ã⁄U„U ‚ äÿÊŸ ŒŸÊ–

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For additional copies of this chartbook, please contact one of the following organisations:
Bihar State AIDS Control Society
S.I.H.F.W. Building, Sheikhpura, Patna - 800 014
Telephone: 0612-2290278/2286437 Fax: 0612-2282082 e-mail: biharsacs@gmail.com
Website: www.bsacs.org
Population Foundation of India
B-28, Qutab Institutional Area, Tara Crescent, New Delhi 110 016
Telephone: 91-11-42899770 Fax: 91-11-42899795 e-mail: popfound@sify.com
www.popfound.org
Population Reference Bureau
1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 520, Washington, DC 20009
Telephone: (202) 483-1100 Fax: (202) 328-3937 e-mail: popref@prb.org
www.prb.org
Funding was provided through the generosity of the Joint United Nations Programme on
HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
Printed in India at Ajanta Offset & Packagings Ltd., Delhi. June 2007.
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Á’„UÊ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∞«˜U‚ ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ‚Á◊ÁÃ
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»§ÙŸ— 0612-2290278/2286437 »Ò§Ä‚— 0612-2282082 ߸U-◊‹— biharsacs@gmail.com
fl’‚Êß≈U— www.bsacs.org
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ »§Ê©¢U«U‡ÊŸ •ÊÚ»§ ßÁá«UÿÊ
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ŒÍ⁄U÷Ê·— 91-11-4289 9770 »Ò§Ä‚— 91-11-4289 9795 ߸U-◊‹— popfound@sify.com
www.popfound.org
¬Êڬȋ‡ÊŸ ⁄U»§⁄Uã‚ éÿÍ⁄UÊ
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ŒÍ⁄U÷Ê·— (202) 483-1100 »Ò§Ä‚— (202) 328-3937 ߸U-◊‹— popref@prb.org
www.prb.org
ÁflûÊËÿ ‚„UÿÙª ∞ø •Ê߸U flË/∞«˜U‚ ¬⁄U ‚¢ÿÈÄà ⁄UÊc≈˛U ∑§Êÿ¸∑˝§◊ (ÿÍ∞Ÿ∞«U˜‚) ∑§ ‚ı¡ãÿ ‚ ¬˝Ê# „ÈU•Ê
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3.8 Page 28

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