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PFI Annual Report 1986 |
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\\ THE
FAMILY PLANNING
FOUNDATION
Annual Report
1986
Administrative Office
198 Golf Lmks
New Delhi 110 003
Registered Office
Akash Deep Building
5th Floor
Barakhamba Road
New Delhi 110 001
New Delhi,
June 1987
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Contents
Chairman's Report
5
Executive Director's Report
13
Note on the Foundation
23
Members of the Family Planning Foundation
24
'. Members of the Governing Board
25
Members of the Advisory Council
26
Members of the Advisory Panels
27
(a) Health and Biomedical
(b) Gynaecology and Obstetrics
(c) Demography and Statistics
(d) Social Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, Politics & Psychology
(Social Sciences)
,
(e) Population Policy
(f) Communication
(g) Management
(h) Environment
(i) Evaluation
(j) Community Participation
(k) Rural Development
(I) Social Health
Staff
28
Index of Ongoing Projects
29
Details of Ongoing Project
35
Index of Selected, Completed/Closed Projects and brief details
57
Accounts
117
Auditors' Report
119
Balance Sheet
120
Income and Expenditure Account
122
Schedule A (Fixed Assets)
124
Schedule B (Investments)
125
Schedule C (Sundry Deposits)
126
Schedule D (Advances)
127
Schedule E (Cash and Bank Balances)
128
Schedule F (Income and Expenditure)
129
Grants Sanctioned and Disbursed (Summary)
131
Financial Review
132
Budget (1987) and Expenditure (1986)
133
List of Publications
135
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Cbairman's Report
The past year has been one in which hopes of rapid and sustained progress towards the
solution of many problems confronting the nation have remained largely unfulfilled. The
country continues to face serious difficulties and uncertainties which have detracted attention
from fundamental, long-term problems of which the excessive population growth continues to
be the most crucial one.
Our population has soared to the awesome figure of 800 million. Despite all the efforts
made and the money spent year after year to curb the rate of its growth, we are still discour-
agingly far from achieving a level low enough to ensure that the resources produced by
annual economic growth can be mainly deployed to raising the living standards of the existing
population instead of having to allocate two-thirds of them to providing for the needs of the
ever growing additions to it.
When, sad to say, even the prosperous and educated people of our country, including OUT
political leaders, remain generally unconcerned with the menacingly excessive growth of -Qur
population, can we expect the hundreds of millions of our under-privileged masses over-
whelmed by poverty, illiteracy, poor health, high mortality and economic insecurity, to give
up voluntarily 'the socio-economic customs which have guided their lives for centuries? The
fact that the bulk of our rural people still firmly believe that begetting additional children is
a valuable investment, makes it all the more difficult to convince them that a smaller number
of children who can be better cared for, educated and trained for gainful employment will
ensure a better life to them and to their descendants.
Even allowing Jor these impediments it shOUldbe clear by now that we have failed, and
continue to fail by a large margin in our progress towards the targets enunciated from· time
to time in the national health policy, the main ones of which amongst others are as follows:
(a) Crude birth rate
(b) Infant mortality rate
(c) Effective couple
protection rate
21 per thousand
below 60 per
thousand live births
60 per cent
32.7 (As on March '85)
95 (As on March '85)
True, the birth rate has begun to fall, but it is still distressingly high. Infant mortality
not only takes a heavy toll of precious lives but also creates a strong fertility push. The record
of couple protection rate in many of the states remains dismal at 16.7 % in the U.P., 16.8% in
Bihar, 19.3 % in Rajasthan. In order to attain the goal of 42 per cent by 1990 and 60%'by
2000, we would have to achieve a rate of increase of 2.8% per year which, in simple terms,
would require enrolment of at least 15 million additional couples every year to accept con-
traceptive practice best suited to their needs, a vittually impossible task.
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At the same time we must recognise that the infrastructure to achieve health and family
welfare goals has been appreciably expanded and increasing financial resources are being
committed to this sector. Whereas in our successive Five Year Plans, investment by the
Government in health and family welfare measures was about l/~of total plan expenditure,
it has been raised to 1.8%. Even this increased investment, however, though welcome, is
likely to be quite insufficient to generate and finance the kind of momentum required.
Out of aU this comes the realisation that while the aims and objectives embodied in our
programmes are basically sound, there is a grave failure or lacuna somewhere in our Plans, or
at least in their implementation.
While planning, budgeting for funds and the like are mainly the responsibility of the
Centre, implementation clearly lies with the States, and there is a growing. I think legitimate,
criticism of over-centralisation in the direction and control of health and family welfare
programmes, resulting in low functional and operational efficiency of the infrastructure
established in the rural areas where the problem and failure is mainly centred. Means must
therefore be found and steps taken to induce or even compel the States by financial incentives
and rewards or other means, to devote more attention and effort to family welfare pro-
grammes.
The task is, admittedly, a grievously complex and difficult one, particularly in a country
such as ours where, alas, apart from questions of sheer livelihood, most of the people are more
interested in political, religious, caste, regional and other factional issues than in the funda-
mental and long terIh ones such as that of population.
I feel, and have earlier publicly expressed the view, that while continuing existing family
planning programmes, efforts and expenditure should be concentrated on those measures most
likely to produce results. The following would seem to deserve special attention and support:
The age of marriage should be nuther raised from the 18 for women, for there can be no
doubt about the striking impact it would have on fertility.
A much higher priority than given today should be assigned to adult literacy, particularly
amongst women, which has been amply proved to have a powerful relationship with the birth
-;/rate. We all know, for instance, that Kerala, with the highest female adult literacy rate in
the country, has also the lowest birth rate, while Rajasthan's appallingly low female literacy
rate of 11.42% is accompanied by the highest birth rate, a relationship which is reflected in
lDQSt of the other States. This proved relationship between education and the birth rate
should surely suffice to convince the Central and State Governments that concentrating on
literacy programmes would be one of the most effective instruments in reducing the birth rate,
quite apart from its immensely beneficial contribution to the task of eradicating the ignorance,
superstition, injustice to women and other evils which continue to plague our long suffering
society.
A much bigger role than in the past should also be given to providing incentives and
rewards to couples adopting and sustaining contraceptive protection throughout the wife's
fertility period. In a public address I delivered in 1981, I put forward some figures and
calculations which showed that the cost to the nation for providing, over the years, the
infrastructure necessary to meet the basic requirements of every additional man or woman
throughout his or her life, and of their progeny for two generations, was of the order of
Rs 42.000 in then current rupees, which would make the expenditure on incentives/rewards of
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upto Rs 2000 or even Rs 5000 per birth saved a highly profitable investment for the nation.
Considering the absurdly low amount of incentives or rewards given today, a plan of generous
incentives and rewards could produce spectacular results and should be seriously considered.
The ability to communicate with people is at the very heart of the task of propagating
the family planning message. The fact that large sections of our rural population have upto
noW been inaccessible either because of their miteracy or because of their remote location. has
been a major impediment to our achieving greater progress towards our goals .. The advent
of television and the Government's wise and imaginative plan to expand the television network
to cover most of the country's population, will. if effectively and imaginatively used, provide an,
invaluable meanS of direct and, literally, visible communication with the rural people, provided,
of course, that television sets are installed and their maintenance assured in virtually every
large village in the country. For this superb means of advising, helping, teaching, informing
and entertaining people who have upto now been kept sadly isolated, ignorant and largely
helpless, to be effective, the programmes beamed to them will have to be innovative, credible
and in tune with the realities of village life.
The few ideas contained in the above suggestions are not new or particularly innovative.
They are known, and at least partly included, in one form or another in existing policies and
programmes. What is wanted is to give them greater priority, thrust and emphasis. I believe
that in them lies the greatest scope for achieving quicker and more lasting progress.
As we stand on the threshold of the 2lstcentury, the basic issue is whether, as a free and
richly endowed people, we achieve bare survival or vigorous growth. In other words, are we
to be content with small improvements here and there or do we want the younger generations
to be assured of opportunities of rapid progress and lasting prosperity?
(a) Accounts for the year ended 3I.l2.1986 annexed on page 122) show that during the
year ended the Foundation has:
(i) received donations of Rs 1 lakh from The I.R.D. Tata Trust, Bombay;
(ii) earned Rs 46.58 lakhs as interest on its investments;
(iii) sanctioned Rs 9.68 lakhs as project support for various programmes;
(iv) incurred an expenditure on establishment Rs 13.14 lakhs, excluding depreciation
on Fixed Assets to the tune of Rs 0.28 lakhs;
(v) disbursed Rs 10.11 lakhs as grants in instalments for ongoing projects sanctioned
. in 1986; and
(vi) earned interest to the tune of Rs 0.50 lakhs on the IDRC project grant and the
same is credited to the IDRC project grant account.
(b) As shown on page 131 in this report, in the last 16 years of its activity, the Founda-
tion has supported about 229 projects all over the country allocating a sum of
nearly Rs 221.76 lakhs. Of this amount, the Foundation has actually disbursed
Rs 194.55 lakhs with an outstanding commitment of Rs 27.21 lakhs.
1
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The Foundation has received Rs 1 lakh from the J R D Tata Trust, Bomba)\\ during the
year 1986.,
"
Budget
. With a view to enabling the Fo~dation to carryon the programme of work keeping in
mind the desi(e for practical, pra.gmatic and result oriented activities a budget allocation of
Rs 30 lakhs for project support and Rs 17.31 lakhs for establishment charges for the year 1987
has been made.
I must acknowl~dge here with deepest gratitude, the dedicated and outstanding contri-
bution of the late Dr K L Wig, a founder member of the Foundation, since its inception
16 years ago. It was largely due to his forward vision and selfless work that the Foundation
has been able to initiatef.A1itful research in the Biomedical field resulting in the hope of
t developing new and innovative contraceptive tectmology witli due regard for human values and
ethics, for which Dr Wig was particular.
I take this opportunity to welcome the following new members :
Dr Pai Panandiker
Dr B K Anand
Mr Hari Shankar Singhania,
who have been elefted to the Governing Board in the vacancies caused by the resignationf
completion of tenure q! the following members :
• ,*,tf:'
Mr V\\rvind N Lalbhai
Mr A L Mudaliar
Mr A Sivasailam
DrK L Wig
I,
I must record my deep appreciation of the keen interest taken by my colleagues on the
Board in the affairs of the Foundation.
ill
The Foundation has continued to receive Willing and invaluable help and guidance from
the members of the Advisory Council and, in 'particular, from its Chairman, Dr Malcolm S
Adiseshiah. Their contributions and direelons have bden of immense value for evaluating
the programmes of the Foundation and als& for developing new programmes.
The Foundation is also indebted to the members of the Advisory Bodies, Task Groups and
the individual social workers, professionals and scientists who have always responded to the
Foundation's call for their advice and help in developing new programmes and promoting the
role of the Foundation in a true spirit of social service. We are grateful to the various
Departments of the Government, particularly the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,
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Executive Director's Report
The population scene in India today, more than three decades after the launching of one
of the world's largest official family planning programmes, is a melan~ of hope and anxiety.
While there is great satisfaction at the significant gains in terms of adoption of various con-
traceptive practices thanks to a comprehensive family welfare programme, the magnitude of
the problem seems to be growing at a much faster pace than ameliorative action. The opening
sentence of the chapter on the national family welfare programme in the Annual Report
(1986-87) of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, strikes a
significant note when it says: 'The demographic situation in India is a matter of great concern
and has serious implications for overall socio-economic development'.
While there are unmistakable signs of economic regeneration in the country, the rate of
economic growth is still incapable of coping with the inescapable consequences of excessive
population, as a result of which most of the gains of economic development are being neutra-
Iised faster than they are accumulated. There is legitimate apprehension that population
having expanded to a point when it may exceed the sustainable yield of natural resources, the
critical thresholds will be crossed very soon. Thus, there is urgent need to review the situation,
modify programme strategies especially to make them target specific and of a scale commen-
surate with the fearsome dimensions of the problem.
There has been some reduction in the birth-rate from 40 in 1952 to 33 in 1978 as a result
of the steady increase in the adoption of contraceptive practices. However, one cannot lose
sight of the fact that since the last 7-8 years, the birth- rate is stagnating around 33.8 and the
contraceptive prevalence rate at a near static 30. The position in some states is more worri-
some. If our declared aim of reducing birth-rate to 21 by 2000 AD and increasing contracep-
tive prevalence rate to 60 in the same year is to be achieved, there is no doubt that very sub-
stantial increments in resources, wider community involvement as well as more well-articulated
political will have to be marshalled as a matter of crucial priority.
To form a realistic idea of the task ahead, we must keep in mind that by 2000 AD India's
population, which is now close to 781 million, will exceed the one billion mark and as many as
175 million eligible couples belonging to different economic strata, shall have to be motivated
to adopt family welfare practices best suited to their needs, on a permanent basis. Besides,
soft target groups having been tackled already, in the next decades we shall be required to
approach the hard core which would mean dealing with diverse cultural factors, internal
family pressures and group dynamics susceptible to varied political aspirations.
Increasing volumes of funds have indeed been made available by the Government of India
under successive Five Year Plans, with the help of which a fairly widespread health and family
welfare infrastructure has come into ex.istence. Due to several reasons, these assets are not
being put to full use. The programme is still seen as something external to people's lives.
Results are highly uneven and there is growing scepticism about statistical claims. The recent
review conducted by the .Government of India with which the NGOs and voluntary institutions
were associated came to the undisputed conclusion that there is a critical need to optimise
access to and utilisation of these valuable resources. Thus, the challenge faced by the family
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welilrc programme today is intensification of activities in areas where performance has been
geO'erally below par, fine-tuning of communication strategies aimed at specific groups, mobili-
sation of relevant social and cultural factors and, above all, securing the willing and active parti-
cipation of the community at different levels, a goal which has eluded us so far.
The Family Planning Foundation which has been action for over 15 years took a
comprehensive review of the situation and prepared a five year perspective with the valuable
advice from its Advisory Council. An annual plan for 1986 and a perspective plan for five
years, which was conceptual in nature, were approved by the Governing Board in a meeting held
on 17th March 1986. The main theme of the Council's deliberations was that to ensure due
attention to priority areas, the Foundation should be more selective and result-oriented and
fund projects which are innovative and can be replicated, projects which are oriented towards
concrete development goals and projects which could effectively demonstrate results. Besides,
due importance was to be given to better appreciation of the social factors, as well as to the
need of helping in the creation of institutional structures, so that the momentum generated by
the prime mover initiative of the Foundation, could be sustained over the years. It was
emphasised that if the raison d'etre of family planning is not just birth control, but creation of
a new value system for the individual and the community, then much greater importance had
to be accorded to perceptions, beliefs and attitudes, building up to a well-integrated approach
towards the raising of a small family on the basis of responsible parenthood and aspirations
for superior life. Thus, research projects which explore these areas and suggest positive action
models at the microlevel should be sponsored.
Guided by the consensus of this reappraisal, the following areas were considered important:
(i) building a model for promoting contraceptive use in urban slums which were more
vulnerable to environmental factors and lowering of health standards;
(ii) development of a tripartite model of health and family welfare project involving
management, employees and government for the exclusive benefit of industrial
workers and their families;
(iii) identifying voluntary organisations with suitable background of community mobilis-
ation and building their capability for giving fresh impetus to family planning activi-
ties at the grassroots level;
(iv) ascertainment of grassroot level perceptions about family planning and development
of effective population education materials;
(v) study of programme management practices in selected areas particularly at the micro-
level, with a view to finding out the deficiencies and to suggest improvements;
(vi) inclusion of a course of lectures on population and family planning in the foundation
training of the IAS probationers and the allied service officers.
The above areas were taken up during the year and considerable progress has been made
in developing appropriate projects.
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J C Kavoori completed his long and fruitful tenure in August 1985 and was succeeded by
Mr P Padmanabha in February 1986. Towards the end of September 1986, Mr P Padmanabha
had to leave the Foundation to take up a United Nations assignment in Nigeria. He was
succeeded by Mr Harish Khanna who took over on 29th September. The Programme
Director (Communication) Mrs Rami Chhabra, left the Foundation upon her appointment as
Adviser (Media) in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in July j 986. Mr V K Rama-
bhadran, Director (Evaluation), compleled his tenure with the Foundation 011 31st September
1986.
Orl!anisational changes are in hand to strengthen the Foundation to undertake varied
responsibilities as defined in the new charter.
The Foundation has been playing a significant role in securing attention to policy issues
at appropriate levels. Considering that active involvement of political leadership is essential
for the success of Family Planning Programme, it has collaborated with important institutions
like JAPPD (Indian Association of Parliamentarians on Population and Development), with a
view to securing the participation of Members of Parliament, Members of State Legislatures, etc.
Special studies were commissioned and position papers were prepared for different sessions of
the IAPPD as well as for other similar seminars. These monographs include situation report
on family welfare; study of factors influencing age at marriage; investigations into the reasons
for stagnant birth-rate, etc. The Foundation will be in a better position to service the needs
of professionals including media persons, population and development experts, researchers,
etc., by facilitating access to carefully arranged research data and special studies in population
related fields, now developed in our Documentation Cell.
Since the implementation of the family welfare programme is entrusted to the State
Governments, the Foundation has been in touch with the State Governments and various
Population Research Centres. Following the completion of diagnostic studies in Uttar
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat~ regular contact is being maintained with
the State Governments so that the findings can be brought to the attention of the concerned
departments and agencies, leading to a review of programme strategies and new initiatives, etc.
The Foundation will be glad to explore the possibility of collaborative projects in worthwhile
areas, should the response from the State Governments be positive.
The Foundation has also been making its service available to the Government of India in
the pursuit of population stabilisation goals. During the Executive Director's discussions with
the Minister of State, Family Welfare, Secretary to Government, Special Secretary to Govern-
ment and senior executives in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, held in November-
December, it had been suggested that the Foundation will be glad to undertake action research
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projects to establish the validity of well-considered conceptual hypotheses and to discover new
approaches to the problems at the micro-level. As in the case of the diagnostic studies, to
discuss which a special meeting was convened by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
Government has been requested to facilitate discussion of the principal findings of the
Foundation's infant mortality study now in hand, so that appropriate state level programmes
can be initiated to deal with factors responsible for high infant mortality. Active cooperation
of the Government as well as national institutions like lCMR, NIHFW will be sought when a
national seminar is arranged in January 1988. It is the Foundation's view that based on
research data, special model projects should be undertaken in states like Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, Orissa and Rajasthan, where tt.ere is need to accelerate family welfare activities,
A detailed list of ongoing projects and those completed is included in this report. It is
pertinent to mention that since early this year, as soon as the Board has considered a report
submitted on completion of projects, its findings are disseminated in the press and interested
institutions to stimulate a wider discussion and, wherever feasible, these are also brought to the
attention of the concerned administrations for objective consideration and follow-up action.
To mention a few highlights, during the year under review, the Foundation had supported
a study 011 Trial Of An Injectable Male Contraceptive at the Centre for Biomedical Enginee-
ring at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. The study focused on the methodology
of fertility control in males through a class of polymers which have the property of intensively
lowering pH and thereby inhibiting the functional ability of the spermatozoa to fenilise the
ovum. Trials on primates have established contraceptive effectiveness and reversibility.
Another important study in the field of behavioural science related to the Awareness, Attitudes
and Practices regarding Family Planning among Members of Parliament. Data obtained
from 415 MPs out of a total membership of 789, covering a wide cross-section of Members
from both the Houses of Parliament, male and female, belonging to different parties and from
most of the states and union territories. professing different faiths and belonging to different
socio-economic strata, was analysed. Detailed results of this study are included in the list of
ongoing projects. When published, these attracted the attention of Parliament.
The Foundation organised a plenary on the theme: 'Family Planning, a National
Priority: Ethical, Social, Cultural and Medical Aspects' as a part of the International Confer-
ence on Health Policy. Presiding over this session, Chairman of the Family Planning Founda-
tion, Mr J R D Tata, exhorted the medical profession and the educational agencies to display
greater commitment towards the cause of population stabilisation since that alone could make
the most significant contribution to the transformation of millions of people in India.
During the year under review, the Foundation launched a major study of Infant Mortality
In Relation To Fertility in collaboration with the International Development Research,
Centre, Canada (lDRC). This study covers 8 varied population groups living in hilly, rural,
tribal, \\lrban and slum areas in 5 States-Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka
and Maharashtra. It is hoped that tMs comprehensive study will enable us to bring out the
whole complex of social, cultural. economic, environmental and health factors which mainly
c;Ietermine the status of infant mortality which has been universally recognised to be having a
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direct impact on the total population situation. It is hoped that important intervention stra-
tegies will be developed after the findings of the study are critically evaluated and discussed
early next year. Fuller details of this project are available elsewhere in this report.
Several other projects in a variety of fields were initiated during the year. Some of these
are:
(i) Analysis of perceptions of family planning programme methods and quality of
services among different communities in hyderabad;
(ii) A contrastive study of village level utilisation of health and flimily welfare services
in relation to mortality and fertility;
(iii) Dynamics of promotion of family planning in urban slums : A preliminary survey of
Bombay slums;
(iv) Action research project to promote systematic adoption of family planning among low
income families through paediatric care approach;
(v) Impact of maternal health factors on Infant survival. These are at different stages of
implementation.
The Foundation launched a comprehensive project on lIth July 1987, the day of the five
billion, in 3 areas. The aim is to intensify health awareness, family welfare motivation and
grass-roots leadership in three ifldustrial areas in and around Delhi, by bringing about active
collaboration between employers and employees on the one hand, and state health and family
welfare services on the other. An expert was engaged to prepare a survey of the status of
existing family welfare activities in the industrial belt around Delhi and as soon as good possi-
bilities were identified, discussions were held with the Family Welfare Committee of the Punjab,
Haryana, Delhi Chamber of Commerce and a local voluntary organisation, Parivar Seva
Sanstha. There were also discussions with the Employees' State Insurance Corporation and
the local administrations in Delhi and Haryana. A detailed project was than drawn up and
approved by the Board. The Foundation's role will be primarily of catalytic agent bringing{about
dynamic interaction between the employers, employees and health and family welfare services,
and also helping in evolving the design of a comprehensive projects activities are not confined to
family welfare alone, but seek to involve the community at large, so that a regular demend for
services is created, employers come to regard it as much to their benefit as that of the workers
and, above all, permanent institutional arrangements emerge in the industry as well as in the
community, to sustain the beneficient impact of the programme on productivity, industrial
peace, better health and increased levels of prosperity.
It has been the Foundation's belief that family planning programme can achieve the desir-
ed goals better if the people to benefit are involved right at the start, and their willing coopera-
tion is ensured all through. There are a number of inspiring examples of community mobilis-
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tion in support of comprehensive health and development objectives. These must be placed
before: the people. The Foundation produced a video film 'People Show the Way: UPASI
Experiment on the activities of UPASI (United Planters Association of South India), which
highlights the people's participation in a most successful comprehensive health and family
welfare project. This was telecast on the Doordarshan national network and copies have been
distributed by the Department of Family Welfare Govt. of India to interested institutions so
that the lessons can be replicated. Another video film 'Triumph over Rock' brings out the
important phenomenon of demystification of medicine and the development of a sound health
and family planning infrastructure in the Jamkhed village of Maharashtra, under the dedicated
lea'dership of the Arole couple-Raj Arole and Mabel Arole. This film has also been telecast
on the national network.
The Foundation proposes to continue using communication for securing widest possible
awareness of issues and problems and in disseminating valuable experiences. Preparatory
work on a television film aimed at highlighting salient features of the Working Women's
Forum Project in Madras, which had been funded by the Foundation has been completed. A
telefilm based on the study of infant mortality in 5 selected areas is also under production.
This will bring out in audio visual terms some of the highlights of the infant mortality and
fertility condition in the segments under investigation and focus on critical problems.
A project to use the medium of electronic media to reach the rural masses is also being
designed. It will use entertainment and information to sharpen community awareness and
induce attitudinal change. In this connection, it is pertinent to record that the Foundation
has received utmost cooperation from Doordarshan and Akashvani. On its side, the Founda-
tion has been funding special awards for best radio and television production on family plan-
ning with a view to attracting the best professional talent to this worthwhile communication
task.
The foundation stone for the office building of the Family Planning Foundation was laid
by Mr J R D Tata on 17th December 1986 in a function in which apart from population and
development experts, heads of important scientific institutions, representatives of United
Nations organisations etc., the Deputy'Chairman of the Planning Commission, Dr Manmohan
Singh, participated, When completed, the building will have an area of 45,000 sq. ft. and will
cost Rs. 1.50 crores.
On this occasion, Mr Tata recalled the existence of the Family Planning Foundation for
the last 16 years but expressed profound anxiety over the continued rapid increase in India's
population despite the efforts and money that have gone into the programme. Mr Tata spelt
out some areas of concern and priority action at the hands of the Foundation, Researchers and
the Government and called upon all countrymen to take greater personal interest in the issue
of issues, and support various initiatives to achieve the goal of population stabilisation,
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benefits to employees, such as salary and allowances. Bonus for the year 1986 was granted on
the basis of the Government formula. Salaries were revised in line with the Fourth Pay
Commission's recommendations as accepted by the Government of India. In order to stream-
line the administration further, a manual office of procedure was brought out during the year.
The Foundation enjoys tax exemption both on the donations to it and also the income
from investments under Sections 80G(2) (a) (VII) and 10 (23C) (iv) respectively of the Income
Tax Act, 1961. Donations from the corporate sector, however, have an upper limit of Rs 5
lakhs. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare have been approached seeking their
intervention to secure removal of the ceiling of Rs 5 lakhs insofar as donations for family
planning work were concerned. The matter in under consideration of the Government.
United Nations have approved the Foundation as an Associate which means that it \\ViII
have free access to important documents, reports and literature connected with family planning}
population issues and will be consulted on policies and development strategies.
The Foundation has been increasingly involved in projects which have policy implications
and has had the good fortune of working in close collaboration with government agencies.
The entire family welfare strategy is under critical review encouraging departures where
necessary and adoption of new approaches to achieve the goal of population stabilisation
before the situation gets out of hand. The Foundation too would be undertaking another
evaluation of its performance, role and new commitments, so that its funding and promotional
role can be closely related to chosen national objectives. Family planning is not a matter the
burden of which should fall on the health administrations alone, though the bulk of resources
must come from the Government. It has powerful social implications and all of its operations
take place in a highly complex socio·economic, cultural and political environment. Issues like
status of women; uneven economic development; low level of literacy, especially female literacy,
etc. are some of the critical areas where action is required. The Foundation looks forward to
playing a major role as a focal point for activising and aiding voluntary organisations and
agencies in the field of family planning and health so that people's action receives the same
attention as the organisation of services. The late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi had
rightly observed that "if there is anyone issue of which a national consensus is more urgent,
surely it is family planning". It shall be the endeavour of the Foundation to help forge this
consensus through extensive sharing of ideas and experiences and constant emphasis on the
categorical imperatives of population stabilisation and equitable development.
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Note on the Foundation
The Family Planning Foundation (FPF) is a non-gov~rnm~ntal voluntary research organisation
created to play both supportive and innovative roles in helping solve India's population
problem, and also help evolve effective population policies. The Foundation, sponsored by a
group of leading industrialists, professionals, social workers, grew out of the realisation that
the magnitude and complexity of India's population and development problems called for
galvanising voluntary efforts to supplement the Government's programme. A pioneer in the
family planning movement Mr J R D Tata is the Chairman of the foundation.
The Foundation is registered as a society under the Societies Registration Act of 1860 in
the Union Territory of Delhi.
The Foundation's funds are utilised in promoting research and related programmes, and to
guide and support interested and positively motivated organisations, institutions, particularly
non-governmental, and individuals engaged in innovative research and action research prog-
rammes in population, family planning and related fields. As a part of this process it lays stress
on aiding voluntary organisations to mobilise resources, augm~nt their institutional structures
and develop research capabilities.
Projects and programmes with replicative and high feedback value, both long-term and
short-term, receive the highest priority. The operational areas of the Foundation embraces the
whole country.
The Foundation operates in close touch with the policies and priorities of the population
and family planning programme of the Government of India and meaningfully relates its
efforts to these programmes.
The Foundation is the only organisation of its kind in India. As a funding, promoting
organisation its role and work will take on a more activistic stance in a spirit of independence
and creativity' as a moves along.
.
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Members of the
Family Planning Foundation
1. Mr J R 0 Tata
2. Dr Bharat Ram
3. Dr B K Anand
4. Mr M V Arunachalam
5. Mrs Tara Ali Baig
6. Dr, Dipak Bhatia
7. Mr G K Devarajulu
8. Mr S S Dhanoa
9. Mr S P Godrej
10. Dr M S Gore
II. Mr Jaykrishna Harivallabhadas
12. Mr B M Khaitan
13. Mr Justice G D Khosla
14. Mr Yamutai Kirloskar
15. Mr Arvind N La1bhai
16. Mr A L Mudaliar
17. Mr H P Nanda
18. Dr K A Pisharoti
19. Dr V A Pai Panandikar
20. Mr Raunaq Singh
21. Dr D P Singh
22. Dr L M Singhvi
23. Mr Hari Shankar Singhania
24. Mr A Sivllsailam
25. Mr T T Vasu
26. Mr B G Verghese
27. Mrs Avabai B. Wadia
28. Mr Harish Khanna
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Members of the
Governing Board
1. Mr J R D Tata
2. Dr Bharat Ram
3. Dr B K Anand
4. Mr M V Arunachalam
5. Mrs Tara Ali Baig
6. Dr Dipak Bhatia
7. Mr S P Godrej
8. Mr Justice G D Khosla
9. Mr H P Nanda
10. Dr V A Pai Panandiker
11. Dr D P Singh
12. Mr Hari Shankar Singhania
13. Mr B G Verghese
14. Mrs Avabai B Wadia
15. Mr S S Dhanoa
16. Mr Barish Khanna
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
. Member
Member
Member
Member
M ember Ex-officio
Member and Executive
Director,
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Members of the
Advisory Council
1. Dr Malcolm S Adiseshiah
2. Dr R S Arole
3. Dr (Mrs) Banoo J Coyaji
4. Dr P C Joshi
S. Dr Madhuri R Shah
6. Dr V Ramalingaswami
7. Dr J K Satia
8. Dr M N Srinivas
9. Dr K Srinivasan
10. Dr (Mrs.) Vina Mazumdar
11. Dr Yash Pal
12. Miss Mira Seth
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Members of the Advisory Panels
Social Antbropology, Sociology, Economics, Politics
and Psycbology (Social Sciences)
Management
Environment
Evaluation
Rural Development
Social Health
1. Dr B K Anand
2. Prof N S Deodhar
3. Dr Laxmi Rahmattullah
4. Dr Vasudev
5. Dr M R N Prasad
6. Dr T C Anand Kumar
7. Jr Badri N Saxena
8. Dr J S Gill
9. Dr Padma Kashyap
10. Dr C P Bhatia
1. Dr S N Mukherjee
2. Dr Vera Hingorani
1. Prof Prem P Talwar
2. Prof K Ramachandran
3. Dr P H Reddy
1. Prof A 1\\1 Shah
2. Dr Victor S D'Souza
3. Prof Imtiaz Ahmed
4. Dr Asha Bhende
5. Dr Leela Dube
1. Dr D Seth
2. Dr Vasant Pethe
1. Mr G N S Raghavan
2. Mr V N Kakkar
3. Mr Chanchal Sarkar
1. Dr B D Sharma
1. Dr R K Pachauri
1. Mr S SNair
2. Mr G A Kulkarni
1. Dr Vijay Kumar
2. Dr 0 P Ghai
3. Dr L M Nath
4. Dr Dilip Mukerjee
1. Mr Bunker Roy
1. Dr (Mrs) Kamla Gopal Rao
27
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Mr Harish Khanna
Mr P Padmanabha
Mr K Balakrishnan
Mr V K Ramabhadran
Ms Rami Chhabra
Mr S Ramaseshan
Executive Director from (29.9.86)
Executive Director (Till 28.9.86)
Secretary & Treasurer and Director (Administration)
Director (El'aluation) (Till 30.9.86)
Programme Director (Communication) (Till 9.7.86)
Accounts Officer
A F Ferguson and Co.
Post Box No. 24
New Delhi-l 10 001
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Index of Ongoing Projects
51 Title of the Project
No
Principal Investigator/Project
Director
Amount Page
sanctioned No
Rs
1. A Clinico-Pharmacological Eva-
luation Of Plant Projects used in
Indigenous Systems of Medicine
for Fertility Regulation-Clini-
cal Trials on the Plant' Banjapuri'
2. Contraceptive Effectivenes of
Banjapuri in Female Monkeys.
Professor P L Sharma
Dr (Mrs) Kamala Dhall
1. Innovative Scheme for Massive
Family Planning through Wide-
spread Public Support in Sikhar
District, Rajasthan.
2. An Action Research Project in
Promoting Family Planning
Among Urban Low Income
Families through Paediatric
Care Approach.
3. Maternal Health and Infant
Survival
4. A Contrastive Study of Village
Level Utilisation of Health and
Family Welfare Services in Rela-
tion to Mortality and Fertility.
Mr. Ramakant Sharma
Secretary to Govt. Health and
Medical Department,
Rajasthan
Dr Malini Karkal
Dr Ajit Mehta
Padmashree Dr (Mrs)
B lena
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SI Title of the Project
No
Principal Investigator/Project
Director
III. Information~ Education and Communication
1. Research Design on the study
of the Perception of the people
on population education
2. Audio- Visual from Sikar district
local specific material.
3. Awareness, Attitude and prac-
tices among Members of Parlia-
ment
Professor Ramlal Parikh
Mr Vikas Satwalekar
Dr R Champakalakshmi
Mrs C Jyyal
IV. Policy Research and Evaluation
1. Diagnostic Study of Population
Growth Rate and Family Plann--
ing in Six States in a Develop-
mental Perspective
Mr V K Ramabhadran
Sponsored by FPF
2. Study of Infant Mortality in
relation to Fertility
Dr B R Patil and
Directors of six institutes
3. Changing Family Organisation
among Khasis and Garos
Professor Kodanda Rao
4. Quick Survey in Bombay Slums
to Develop an Action Research
Project based on Social Coun-
selling
Dr (Mrs) Rajani Paranjpe
5. Variable Perception of Family
Planning Programme, Methods
and Quality of Services among
Different Communities
32
Dr (Mrs) S Sandhya
Amount
Page
sanctioned No
Rs
10,000
25,000
24,000
3,00,000
2,00,000
3,00,000
28,000
13,965
97,000
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,
51 Title of the Project
No
Principal Investigator/Project
Director
6. Preparation of Monograph on
Age at Marriage in India
7. Enquiry into the Reasons for the
Birthrate Remaining Almost
Static in Recent Years Despite
Continuous Increase in the
Couple Protection Rates Publi-
shed by the Ministry.
Amount.
Sanctioned
Rs
Page
No
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I. Bio Medical Research
PROJECT TITLE A Clinico-Pharmacological Evaluation of Plant Products used in Indi-
genous Systems of Medicine for Fertility Regulation-Clinical Trials OD
the Plant 'Banjauri'
Prof P. L. Sharma, Project Director
Dr (Mrs) Kamala Dhall
Chief Clinical Investigator
(I) The Phase II Clinical Study with 15 gms daily dose of Banjauri for 3
days for 3 cycles would seek to establish the contraceptive effectiveness
in a group of 50 women
(2) Study the immediate or delayed systemic effects and any alterations
in the biochemical, haematological or hormonal profile and changes
in the menstrual pattern
'Banjauri' a plant growing in different parts of India, has· been regarded
in popular belief as having antifertility properties. It is in use by the
Adivasies living in Sokhodeora, Bihar. It is believed that when taken on
the second day of delivery, it induces permanent infertility. The indige-
nous medicine experts of Government of India took up scientific ovaluation
of Banjauri shrub so as to analyse its chemical properties. The initial
toxicology studies, carried out in the Department of Pharmacology,
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
did not show any deleterious effect on rats, rabbits or bonnet monkeys.
A preliminary Phase I of clinical trials was carried out systemati-
cally in 20 human subjects at the Antifertility Research Centre attached
to the Department ofObst. and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of
Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. Informed healthy women
between the ages of 20 to 35 years, having minimum of 2 children were
selected for this trials. The main objective was to find out the toxic
effect if any and the maximum tolerated dose of the plant. Its effect on
reproduction was also sought to be studied.
The plant which has full and frequent growth in the post-monsoon
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period was picked in the month of October and shade-dried in Sukhodeora.
The specimen was botanically identified as Vicoa Indica independently by
three different Institutes with the help of botanical experts. The whole
plant including the roots alongwith some black pepper was ground in
water to make a suspension and was given in gradually increasing doses
to females in 2 batches. Drug administration was started on the second
day of menstruation and carried on for 3 days over 3 cycles.
It has been seen that the drug upto a dose of 1,5:-gms is,tolerated
well by the subjects and does not produce any immediate or delayed toxic
effects. The haematological and biochemical studies done in these cases
also do not show any abnormality and the pattern of ovulation is also not
interfered with.
As far as antifertility effect of Banjauri is concerned, Phase II trial
on 50 human subjects have shown that the range of contraceptive efficacy
in humans is widely varied when the herb is administered in interval and
post MTP cases. Results of Phase I and Phase II trials carried out in
interval/post MTP cases have, however, provided some suggestive evidence
that the probabilities of its having contraceptive effect cannot be ruled out.
However, lack of standardisation, dosage formulation and botanical
identification of plants are some of the important factors/possibly respon-
sible for the inconsistent results. Besides, even though utmost care is
taken in the collection and drying of the plants, it is well recognised that
the yield of the active component of the plant can vary with the strain,
soil, season and the manner of collection of the plant.
It can be safely hypothesized that on the basis of the primafacie
evidence collected by a Family Planning Foundation specialist, who carried
out a preliminary survey in Sukhodeora (Bihar), Banjauri may prove to
be an effective contraceptive when administered during the post partum
period. Incidentally, this is the manner of intake generally adapted by
the Adivasies of Bihar.
The preliminary reproductive studies carried out on rats in PGI,
Chandigarh have also shown that the herb is more effective when adminis-
tered in the post partum period as compared to administration during the
normal oestrous cycle. Follow-up of the animals used in experiments show
no adverse effect on lactation. The growth pattern of the siblings and their
fertility pattern upto three generations has been found to be within normal
limits. Based on these results, the Institute's ethics Committee has given
approval for human clinical trials in the post partum period.
The Biomed'ical Review Panel of the Foundation consisting of
Dr Dipak Bhatia and Dr 13 K Anand has had comprehensive discussions
with Dr Dhall on 23.3.1987 at Chandigarh and after careful consideration
favour extension of the project, so that the significant findings achieved
already are firmed up, leading to profitable application in due course of
time.
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(I) To confirm the prima-facie evidence that the dosage of 28 gms of
Banjauri reStllts in non-pregnancy status in female bonnet monkeys
over a rea~onably long duration;
(2) To study the contraceptive effectiveness of 50 gms dose;
(3) To undertake toxicology and growth studies on the off-springs of
Banjauri-fed monkeys.
As a result of review of the progress achieved in the clinical trials on
Banjauri, both at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and PGI,
Chandigarh, it has come to light that:
(i) Banjauri administered to postpartum monkeys, even with a high dose
of 50 gms, did not confer protection from pregnancy in subsequent
cycles.
(ii) In cycling monkeys, administration of the drug with a total dose of
14 gms on four animals did not prevent pregnancy
(iii) In three monkeys fed on high dose of 50 gms, two have become preg-
nant and one showed erratic cycles.
(iv) However, in the case of six cycling monkeys with a total dose of 28
gms, non-pregnancy status has been maintained for more than 4
years-(February 82 to March 1986). Since a normal monkey
becomes pregnant with three exposures, the absence of pregnancy in
these animals even after 13.7 ovulatory cycle exposures underlines
the significance of this result and the need for further investigations.
(v) No toxicology or growth studies were.done on young ones born to
Banjauri fed monkeys.
Based on the experience of the research conducted at Bangalore,. further
work was entrusted to them as under:
(a). Six monkeys, out of the group already studied, may be put on 28 gms
dose, the dosage being administered in the manner already adopted
so far
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(b) Four monkeys, out of the group already studied, be administered a
50 gms dose in order to reconfirm the erratic results obtained so far.
(c) On an independent batch of monkeys, a dose of 28 gms be adminis-
tered in a split manner of 3 gms per day for three cycles.
(d) Observational data on the progeny be maintained to study the effects
of the drug on the progeny.
Though the project was originally to start in April 1986, in view of the
need to wait for the animals to return to cyclicity and following up two
or three cycles to enable them to return to hormone profiles, the starting
of the cxperiment was shifted to August 1986
Although the full report on the progress is not available,. the posi-
tion as on March 1987 is as follows:
All the monkeys were fed orally from day 1 of cycle to day 14 of
cycle. (Total dose of 28 gms, 2 gms per day per monkey) Estrogen
and progesterone levels in the serum of the monkeys during fed and
subsequent cycles were determined.
Animals were exposed to proven fertile breeding males between day
9 to 14 cycles subsequent to fed cycles.
Serum samples were analysed for the presence of Chorionic Gonado-
tropin (CG) by avidin-biotin micro enzyme immuno assay.
The breeding studies are in progress and a minimum of 5-6 exposures
is necessary before we can arrive at any definite conclusions although
proven fertile females need only an average of 2-3 exposures to become
pregnant.
It was seen that out of 6 animals, one animal became pregnant in the
first exposure itself and one animal did not eat the drug completely.
As the animals have been bred for only one or two cycles it is too early
to conclude from the results obtained. Also in view of the problem
of uncertainty of the animals taking entire quantity of powder fed, it
has been decided to repeat the experiment by feeding the Banjauri
powder using the intragastric tube in another batch of six monkeys.
A review team consisting of Dr Dipak Bhatia and Mr Barish Khanna
discussed the experiments with Dr Moudgal, who has expressed the
opinion that definite findings with regard to efficacy of the drug will be
available by December 1987.
The next joint meeting will be arranged in the second week of July
to collate the findings of the two teams (Bangalore and Chandigarh) and
to adapt a firm position with regard to further trials with an extract of the
plant.
The experiments having reached an important stage, continuation
of the project is advisable.
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II. Demonstration/Experimental Projects: Health
and Social Development
PROJECT TITLE Innovative Scheme for Massive Family Planning through Widespread
Public Support in Sikhar District, Rajasthan.
Mr Ramakant Sharma, Secretary to Government, Health & Medical
Department, Rajasthan.
(I) To create a total environment of support for family planning wock
throughout the district, through mobiJisation of (a) a network of
people's committees; official and non-official, (b) all development
departments, ~ongside intensive lEe activities.
(2) To substantially increase the level of family planning acceptance in
the district through an intensive campaign.
(3) To organise quality services for family planning through a stream-
lining of the delivery infrastructure, increased mobility and improved
hygiene and follow-up care.
The project was originally envisaged for Sawai Madhopur, a backward
district of Rajasthan, in conjunction with the UNFPA-assisted area pro-
ject in that district which had already created a basic infrastructure that
remained underutilised. However, for a number of reasons the project
did not take off the ground in that district. Subsequently, in view of the
fact that Sikhir District had been selected by the Indian Association of
Parliamentarians for Population and Development to develop a "pilot"
model for the greater involvement of parliamentarians and the political
leadership at all levels in generating a mass movement for family planning,
it was decided to take up this project in Sikhir, which is an equally
backward area of Rajasthan. Sikhir District has a population of 1.3
million that registered a growth rate of over 32 per cent across the 71-81
decade and only 17 per cent of its 2.4 lakh eligible couples were protected
by modern methods of contraception as of 1.4.1985. An intensive
campaign was designed in collaboration with Government of India, state
and district authorities, aiming to recruit the equivalent of 10,000 accep-
tors of various effective family planning methods, that could raise the
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family planning acceptance level to 20 per cent and simultaneously create
a base for continuing work in the field.
A number of meetings were held in Sikar District to mobilise the com-
munity leaders, most particularly the people's representatives under the
leadership of Mr Jakhar. the elected MP of the area.
Mr Krishna Kumar, Deputy Minister-Health, Government of India and
Mr Mittal, Chairman, IAPPI played a major direct role. The eligible
couple registered in ·the district were updated through an intensive drive;
lists were prepared village-wise and made available to the popular com-
mittees that were constituted at every level from the district to the village
so as to ensure systematic canvasing and adequate follow up. Government
of India sanctioned a sum of Rs 5 lakhs and the State Government and
District authorities undertook to raise matching funds or otherwise make
the necessary arrangements to carry out the planned campaign, with extra
inputs to ensure greater efficiency, quality and reach. This campaign
was organised, in the first instance, from 20th November to 28th
December 1985 and later extended up to 31st January 1986. Although
the campaign shortfalled on the initial target, during the short span of
2! months 5626 persons accepted terminal methods, (5,343 tubectomies
283 vasectomies) and another 2618 IUDs, while distribution of com-
mercial and oral contraceptives, was also stepped up (4.5 lakh CCs
distribution and 1800 pill cycles). These figures exceeded the total
performance over the previous year 5,362 sterlization, 1373 IU D, 3.4 CC
distribution) and also showed a sizable upswing from the first 8 months
of the year, during which only 3029 sterilisation had been done.
Although, the committees were constituted. they failed to perform at
expected levels; at the same time, independent evaluations of the delivery
of family planning services during this period showed a qualitative
improvement in the arrangements. The IEC activities were also fairly
intensive and local groups stimulated by the adult education/non-formal
education set-up participated actively. Efforts to further follow up and
build on the campaign are continuing. Rajasthan State Government has
been requested to send a consolidated report on the total activities under-
taken and further plan of action for the district. Equally, efforts are
ongoing with the Parliamentarians to step' up the involvement of the
political leadership in a more meaningful fashion.
PROJECT TITLE An Action Research Project in Promoting Family Planning Among
Urban Low Income Families through Paediatric Care Approach.
Institutional
Support
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For quite sometime, the Foundation has been concentrating on develop-
ing suitable models for promoting family planning among urban slum-
dwellers as a specific target group. We have been looking out for
institutions which could provide some innovative input to promote
family p~anning.. Dr Uma Asopa, who is a Child Specialist, has sub-
mitted a project proposal based on use of paediatric care approach as all
entry point to the urban slum dweIIers. Because of the longer associa-
tion of the Paediatrician with the target family, there is an advantage of
more frequent contact which could provide greater scope for promoting
spacing methods requiring regular follow-up to maintain high continua-
tion rates. The target group for the project will be selected from those
who are most vulnerable'and in the most potential reproductive age group.
This would obviously mean, selection of specific target couples having
children upto 5 years of age. Even for this, the selection will be confined
to tholll couples who have their first child below 5 years.
As far as child health is concerned, measurement wiII be along with the
growth parameters (weight gained, midarm circumference, etc), nutri-
tional deficiencies, history of infection including incidence of new or
recurrent infections, and general health standards. The health status of
of the mother as weII as the family is expected to be monitored by record-
ing periodicalIy the incidences of sickness and prognosis. For each
selected family, a medical case history wiII be prepared at the beginning
of the project and updated subsequently. during the project duration.
The emphasis is expected to be on the qualitative aspects of these variables
although some quantification would also be attempted.
The project commenced work on 1.2.1987. The Executive Director
reviewed the progress of work with Dr Asopa during his visit to Ahmeda-
bad and advised that implementation methodology modification as also
the pattern of delivery of services. Work is in progress.
This project would be undertaken by the lIPS in collaboration with N M
Wadia Maternity Hospital, Parel, Bombay. The Hospital will be able to
prOVidethe medical aspects of the data UPS wiII take the responsibility
for demographic and socio-economic components.
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(I) To study the health parameters of mothers during the third trimester
of pregnancy:
(2) To study the health condition of the baby, as measured by birth
weight, mortality and in relation to the health of the mother;
(3) To identify policy implications from the findings of the study for
improving MCH services.
The Project is an attempt to study in detail the influence of maternal
health of infant survival on population through a collaborative arrange-
ment with N M Wadia Maternity Hospital, Bombay. While the Founda-
tion has already a project on Infant Mortality and its relationship with
fertility, which would identify the risk factors in the neo-natal and post-
natal stage of the infants, the present project would cover the prenatal
period, covering foetal growth in the last trimester and one week after
birth, which is a distinct phase in infant survival. The present project
would, therefore, focus on factors responsible for prenatal mortality
based on a large sample (urban and rural) from N M Wadia Maternity
Hospitat; Bombay.
PROJECI' TITLE A Contrastive Study of Village Level Utilisation of Health and Family
Welfare Services in Relation to Mortality and Fertility.
Project Director
Institution
Padmashree Dr (Mrs) B lena Chairman
Council for Tribal & Rural Development Bhubaneswar
(I) To study factors relating to utilisation or non-utilisation of the
infrastructure created by the State or established by non-governmental
agencies with a view to facilitating a critical appraisal of the causes
and related factors.
(2) To identify social, cultural, economic infrastructural and related
factors relating to differential fertility behaviour among scheduled
tribes and scheduled castes and general caste groups.
(3) To assess the overall impact of the health and family welfare pro-
gramme on couples among landless labourers, small farmers, marginal
farmers and others living below poverty line.
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(4) To identify factors responsible for low utilisation and suggest
measures for further improvement in the system.
This study is designed to provide valuable information to policy makers
and administrators of health programmes both at the state and national
level for planning and strengthening culture-specific primary health care
programmes among the socially deprived communities in backward areas.
The study will also highlight aspects like organisational effectiveness and
coordination, functioning of voluntary organisations and communication
channels for promoting adoption of spacing as well as terminal methods
among younger couples, role of different functionaires, such as ANMs,
VHGs, Dhais, private medical practitioners, community leaders, teachers,
etc. in the implementation of the ~family planning programme, system
planning and monitoring of implementation as well "as evaluation of
impact, and the overall question of suitability of the present strategy for
benefiting the target couples in rural and tribal villages of Orissa.
On the basis of the F.P. target achievement during the Sixth Five Year
Plan period, the best performance district and the worst performance
district in the State of Orissa would be taken up for a contrastive study.
A two-stage stratified random sampling procedure would be adopted for
the selection of villages in each sample PHC/Block.
The Study will be an intensive enquiry in which various personnel and
agencies would be involved with a view to identifying and mobilising vital
groups in areas where utilisation is comparatively low. The Council for
Tribal and Rural Development would liaise with the State Government in
order to ensure necessary administrative support and cooperation for the
smooth conduct of survey. This study would also, therefore, concentrate
on factors relating to utilisation or non-utilisation of the infrastructure
created by the state or established by the non-governmental agencies with
a view to facilitating a critical appraisal of the causes and related factors.
A contrastive study of two primary health centres could yield important
findings, which would be of value to the health administrators in Orissa.
It is considered that this study would try to pin-point the anxieties of the
State Government (and similarly of other authorities in simlar situation in
finding out the causes of non-utilisation and help them modify their deve-
lopment interventions suitably. The Council for Tribal and Rural Develop-
ment, in which institution the study is contemplated proposes to organise a
state level seminar on "Village level utilisation of health and family welfare
service after the study is completed. The findin!!s of the study would be
incorporated in different action programme undertaken by the Council
from time to time.
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III. Information, Education and Communication
PROJECT TITLE Research Design on the Study of the Perception of the People on Popula-
tion Education
To ascertain the perceptions of the people (urban, rural and tribal)
regarding the population problem with a view to develop materials for
use in structuring Population Education in line with the realities obtaining
at the grassroot level.
The pilot study has been carried out in Gujarat. A questionnaire was
designed and a team of investigators trained by the ISPE have conducted
a survey covering 250 families in 9 localities that were selected from
urban, tribal and rural areas. The findings have been compiled and
tabulated. A report of the same, as also population education materials
based on these perceptions, are shortly expected to b~ made available.
To develop local-specific communication material that provides an
example of how to highlight the population problems in its local context
and build motivational messages based on an understanding of the people's
perceptions of these problems and in an idiom close to the people sought
to be reached.
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Progress
NID which developed the audio-visual highlighting the problems at a
national perspective, is now further working on this audio-visual for Sikar.
A student team has twice visited Sikar and has worked in close coopera-
tion with the District Non-formal Education and Family Welfare Media
Units. The audio-visual is expected to be ready in June.
Progress
On the basis of a pilot survey, a detailed questionnaire was developed to
obtain response from members of parliament about personal awareness,
attitude and practice of family planning. Extensive data was collected
from 415 MPs out of a total membership of 789. The data collected
covered a cross-section of members of both the houses of parliament,
male and female members from all parties, from all states, union territories
and religions, from schedule castes and schedule tribes, from members
belonging to different age groups, from acceptors and non-acceptors of
family planning.
The study revealed the following:
(a) A good number of MPs belonging to the younger age group
are practising family planning methods.
(b) As many as 132 of them have undergone the sterilisation
operation either themselves or their spouses have opted for it.
(c) The younger group comprises those MPs whom if they are
men, have wives below the age of 45, or if they are women are
themselves below that age.
(d) No MP from the above group who might have been married
after 1981 had a wife below 18 at the time of marriage.
(e) The survey covered 415 MPs-292 from Lok Sabha and 123
from Rajya Sabha.
(f) Considering that the total number of MPs is 789, it is possible
that sterilisation among them or their spouses would be larger
than 132.
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(g) 92 MPs in this group had not adopted for the terminal
methods.
(h) Those MPs who have themselves crossed the reproductive age
group have tried to influence their off spring along the correct
lines.
(0 The overall average family size of the Members of Parliament
who have accepted family planning (this includes those whose
spouses are sterilized) is 3.9. It ranges from 2.4 in West
Bengal to 4.5 in Rajasthan. Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Punjab
have recorded an average below 3; Andhra Pradesh, Jammu
& Kashmir, Maharashtra, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and the
Union Territories between 3 and 4; and Uttar Pradesh, Orissa
and Rajasthan over 4. In the first two groups there is a
tapering off after 3 children or at the most 4. The third group
(Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan) is marked by large-size
. families.
(j) Female sterilisation amongst MPs accounts for more than'
male; as against 51 vasectomies, there are 81 tubectomies.
(k) In most cases, sterilization procedures were accepted after two
children are born; it rises after the third child and, thereafter,
decreases gradually; sometimes it is undertaken after four or
more children as in the state of Bihar. In most cases, the
third or the fourth child was sought for because of the desire
for a son or a daughter; after the fourth child, this desire tends
to abate. Andhra Pradesh MPs have shown pronounced
preference for sterilization. On the other hand, those in West
Bengal, are in favour of other methods. They are no longer
opposed to family planning on ideological grounds.
(1) Child marriages are known to be common in Rajasthan. The
survey reveals, however, that 22 per cent of theoe MPs who
had married brides below the age of 15 years come from Uttar
Pradesh. Next come MPs from Bihar (IS per cent), Madhya
Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh (12 per cent) and Orissa (10 per
cent). The survey further indicates that child marriages do
not find favour in Punjab, Kerala, West Bengal and Assam.
These are prevalent to a negligible extent in Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra and the Union Territories. On the whole, 50 per
cent of those who had married child brides are now beyond
the reproductive age group.
A number of M Ps suggested that target-setting was a wrong
practice. Some pinpointed the inadequacies in hospital facilities and
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suggested that the programme should be in competent technical hands and
there should be proper post-operative care, particularly ,,-hen camps are
organised. Several MPs said that whil~ the family planning programme
itself was sound, its implementation in the field was faulty. A number of
MPs were of the view that voluntary organisations could playa more
important role in the family planning programme. Some of them stated
that they themselves were social workers first, politicians next.
Some MPs voiced the fear that if family limitation was not practised
by people belonging to all religious faiths evenly, the demographic profile
of the country might be affected. Many suggested that since no religion
favours a large family and at the same time religious leaders command a
good deal of respect, they should be brought together and persuaded to
advise their followers to accept family planning as a way of life for every
Indian. Some suggested that a uniform code of marriage should be
adopted for all.
On incentive:;, the views were divergent. Some said that these
should be paid directly to acceptors while some others opined that these
should be scrapped altogether.
Most MPs underscored the importance of taking effective measures
to reduce infant mortality, a factor most crucial to high fertility.
While all MPs were in favour of the family planning programme,
quite a few fear;:d that against the backdrop of poverty, if they took it
up at the constituency level, this could have an adverse effect on their
popularity. At least one MP went to the extent of saying that to preach
family planning to the people at the constituency level would amount to
singing the National Anthem at a wedding party.
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,
IV. Policy Research and Evaluation
PROJECT TITLE Diagnostic Study of Population Growth Rate and Family Planning in Six
States in Developmental Perspective
Director
V K Ramabhadran
Programme Director (Special Studies)
The Diagnostic Study of Population Growth, Family Planning and
Development, 1971-81, undertaken by the Foundation in five States-
Gujarat, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh-has been
completed and state-wise reports were brought out containing recommen-
dations for improving family planning performance. These reports were
forwarded to the Government of India for follow-up as appropriate.
One of the suggestions made by the Government of India, Ministry of
Health & Family Welfare, Department of Family Welfare, was that state-
wise reports should be presented at a meeting of the Programme Managers
in each State. The first such meeting on the Rajasthan Report was
organised by the Union Health Ministry on 12 June 1985. It is now
intended to have such follow-up meetings with the State officials in the
headquarters of each State, as that would enable the participation of a
larger number of Programme Officers at the State level.
Collaborating
Institutions
Dr B R Patil
(Commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation)
Girl Institute of Development Hilly and Rural
Studies Lucknow
Areas
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Tr.ibal and Harijan Research
cum Training Institute Govt.
of Orissa Bhubaneswar
National Institute of Health
and Family Welfare,
New Delhi
Jndian Institute of
Management, Bangalore
Department of Sociology
University of Bombay,
Bombay
Rural Areas with
High Infant Mortality
and Low Infant
Mortality·
Rural Population and
Urban Population
Groups
Slum Area
Population
Rs 2,00,000 per Population Group for 18 months: IDRC, Canada
Rs 3,00,000 as Foundation's component
A Study of lofant Mortality in Relation to Fertility-IDRC Projec~ :
This important study is a collabo·rative venture between the
Foundation and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC),
Canada. The principal aims of this study are:
(i) To identify determinants of infant mortality and to acquire precise
knowledge about their mechanism and contribution to risk factors;
(ii) To determine the inter-relationship of infant mortality and fertility,
so that the findings could be made the basis of suitable policy inter-
ventions.
The study is being carried out in different Population Group seg-
ments in UP, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra,
so that a fairly representative picture could emerge of the conditions
prevailing in rural, urban, tribal and hilly regions. The study is
supervised centrally from the Foundation's headquarters.
Almost 100 per cent of the filled-in schedules have arrived from
Karnataka and Bombay, about 60 per cent from Orissa, UP, and Madhya
Pradesh. Data entry and development of software for tabulation is going
on simultaneously, which will be over by the middle of August for all
states. Tables for interpretation and report writing will be sent to the
project leaders as soon as they are ready.
After project leaders send their reports, the Project Director will
prepare a consolidated report for deliberation in the National Seminar to
be convened in December 1987. Final project report will emerge from
these export deliberations as will brood outlines of interventions capable
of dealing with the complex problem in the field.
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In the meantime, steps are being taken to initiate a dialogue with
the State Governments concerned, with a view to obtaining their prior
commitments to undertaking effective intervention strategies as a part of
their regular health and family programme.
This phase will last 18 months. IORC have been formally requested
to commit funds for this phase in time.
The project was expected to provide an insight into how the cultural
background of Khasis and Garos influence their fertility behaviour and
their family organisation. After collecting the field data, Prof Kodanda
Rao left the NEHU and joined the University of Hyderabad. As
expenditure of Rs 20,000 had been incurred in the field work, but as no
report was received by the Foundation till J 984, the unspent balance of
Rs 6,000 was surrendered.
Subsequently, ProfRao sent the report on "Culture and Fertility Among
the Garos" with a request that to enable him to complete similar project
On Khasis tribe, for which the data had already been collected the
Foundation may make available Rs. 50,000
In order to enable Prof Rao to complete the project, the Foundation has
sanctioned Rs 5,000 for the Khasis Study with the condition that Khasis
report may incorporate the suggestions and comments of the Foundation
on the Garo report and bring out the implications of the findings for the
family planning programme in a tribal area. The Governing Board has
ratified the sanction.
PROJECT TITLE: Quick Survey in Bombay Slums to Develop an Action Research Project
based on Social Counselling.
Principal
Investigator
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With a view to developing suitable models for promotion of family plan-
ning in urban slums, the Foundation has been in contact with some urban
Sociologists, who are familiar with the slums and who have the compe-
tence to undertake a social counsel1ing mission among the urban slum
dweIJers. Accordingly, Dr Rajani Paranjpe, Professor, ColJege of Social
Work, Bombay, was requested to undertake a quick survey for preparing
a project, since there are several gaps in the knowledge about the demo-
graphy (.If urban slums, particularly, the size of the family, the extent of
family planning practices, the rate of infant mortality, etc.
PROJECT TITLE: Variable Percepticn of Family Planning Programme, Methods and
Quality of Services among Different Communities.
Principal
Investigator
Institutional
Support
This study will cover the three principal communities-Hindus, Muslims
and Christians-resident in selected areas of the Zahirabad tehsil of
District Medak, Andhra Pradesh. The objectives are to study :-
(a) the variable perceptions of acceptors and non-acceptors from each
community about family planning programme, family planning
methods and the quality of services.
(b) the sources of knowledge about different methods; attitudes towards
them and the extent of practice of these methods.
(c) the perceptions of the people about factors like age at marriage,
family size norm, sex composition of children, the perceived advan-
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tages and disadvantages of having large/small family, birth spacing
infant and child mortality and subsequent influence on family plan-
ning practice.
(d) the perception of service providers about family planning progra-
mme, family planning methods and the problem faced by them in
delivering the services to the people in general and the three com-
munities in particular.
The proposed study hopes to provide some community-specific guidance
for developing appropriate communication strategies to motivate non-
acceptors through a change of attitude and attraction towards progressive
socio-economic aspirations. The analysis of perceptions of acceptors with
regard to family planning programme and methods would bring out the
specific areas of strength and weakness on the one hand, and of the social
dynamics of [he communities on the other. This would also provide an
opportunity to know the perceptions of the service providers and the
level of communication with the beneficiary community. It would explore
whether the service providers are on the right track in educating aad
motivating the people to adopt various methods of family planning by
the use of appropriate culture-specific and value-compatible communica-
tion messages.
After examination of the proposal in the Foundation, the Project Director
was advised to reformulate the proposal, limiting it to ,the asCertainment of
the perceptions at the grassroots level of family planning through a
representative sample of acceptors, non-acceptors, and service providers.
This revision has been done. The project is sponsored through "Centre for
Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad".
A study sponsored by the Family Planning Foundation in 1987 reveals that
the ten-year old law increasing the age of marriage for girls from 15 to 18
years and for boys 18 to 21 years has failed to achieve its purpose.
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The old spectacle of girls marrying at a tender age continues. So
does the child marriage practice. At any time over ten million girls below
th.e age of 11 are married.
This situation can change only, the study points out, if the law
15 backed effectively by expansion of female literacy and employment,
social reforms and modernisation.
The national family welfare strategy lays heavy emphasis on
raising the age of marriage as one of the principal means of reducing
birth rate. The study brings into sharp focus the harsh reality that
marriage age cannot be pushed up through legislation alone. The key is
female literacy and equal opportunities for women.
Evidence shows that the age of marriage increases as the literacy
level increases. In 1981, in the rural India, it was 16.9, 17.6 and 19.2
in the case of girls who were "literate but below middle", "middle but
below matric" and "matric but below graduate". In urban areas the
increase was almost similar-17.2, 18.0 and 19.7. The marriage age in
the case of girls with a degree was above 21- both in rural and urban
areas.
Similarly, wherever women are engaged in gainful economic
activity or careers, they tend to marry late. But where agricultural
labour is the only occupation of the husband and wife, the female
marriage age is mucb'lower-12.3 years in rural areas.
The study cites the examples of Sr Lanka and Malaysia where
the female marriage age is 23.5 and 21.9 years respectively. In both the
countries, expansion of literacy and increased employment opportunities
for women, had played a key role in raising tbe marriage age. In fact,
tbe law was enacted following the socio-economic changes that had
already taken place, and found universal acceptance.
The role tbat modernisation can play is highlighted by the example
of Tunisia. There the age of marriage in 1975 was 23.3 years. This has
been attributed to modernisation ensuing from socio-economic progress
and liberal legislation which includes ban on polygamy.
The Foundation study has recommended that in the Indian situa-
tion, where marriage is universal andeurly marriage is common, if any
law raising the age at marriage is to yield any significant results it must
be accompanied by effective large-scale processes of socio-enconomic
development, with high accent on education and jobs for girls.
PROJECT TITLE Enquiry into the Reasons for the Birthrate Remaining Almost Static in
Recent Years Despite Continuous Increase in ~e Couple Protection
Rates.
I .,
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Population Research Centre Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics,
Pune
There has been a growing concern about the inconsistencies between the
crude birthrate data, as provided by the Sample Registration System, and
series of couple protection rates, published by the Ministry of Health.
During the period 1977-84, while the couple protection rate has increased
from 22.5 per cent to about 32 per cent of the eligible couples, the
birthrate has remained almost static between 33 and 34 per thousand
population. This inconsistency, the Foundation though, warrants a more
systematic study hitherto undertaken. Accordingly, the Foundation
requested Dr Srikantan an eminent demographer, to study the trends of
birth rate and the family planning rates and identify the factors responsi-
ble for the inconsistency.
While unravelling the underlying factors responsible for the
observed anomalies between Crude Birth Rato (CBR) series and Couple
Protection Rate (CPR) trends, the study seeks to provide answers to
several inter-related questions on fertility contraception and their deter-
minants.
This pattern of the relationship between couple protection rate
(CPR) from programme statistics and crude birth rates (CBR) has been
examined by means of correlation coefficients between CPR in year ·t'
and CBR, one year later in year 't + I'. 20 states with the population
of one million or more in 1981 have been considered for the computation
of correlation coefficients for various years for 1973-1984. The pre-
liminary results reveal that, although correlation coefficients are negative
as expected they are generally weak for all the years studied. A declining
trend in absolute values of correlation coefficients over a time has been
observed. A scrutiny of service statistics reveals that the age party
distributions of acceptors of sterilisation and IUD, have not undergone
any significant downward shift over time. But mean age and parity (or
aumber of living children) of acceptors have remained almost constant
over the last 10 years. The predominant method of family planning, so
far, has been sterilisation which is accepted only at higher parition by
couples.
As regards non-terminal methods, such as IUS, or conventional
contraceptives, the fertility impact of these methods depends upon the
use-effectiveness as well as the rate of discontinuation of use following
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acceptance. Couple Protection Rate, due to non-terminal methods, has
been steadily increasing since 1980. For the country as a whole, the
CPR due to methods other than sterilisation has increased from 2 per cent
in 1979-80 to 7 per cent in 1984-85. In the States of Punjab, Haryana.
Maharashtra and Gujarat, the protection rate due to spacing methods has
risen significantly during this 5-year period.
Analysis of the data and preparation of final report which could
prove to be of grea-rvalue in programme policy formulation, is in progress
and it is expected that the terminal report will be available soon.
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r
Index of Selected, Completed Projects
51 Title of the project
No
Principal Investigator/Project
Director
Amount
Sanctioned
Rs
Page
No
1. Task Group on Injectable Con-
tracepti ves
2. Mechanism of Secretion ofChorio-
nogonado-tropins in Pregnant
Monkeys and Human Placental
Tissue Cultures
3. Studies on Carrier Proteins for
Water-Soluble Vitamins in Preg
nancy
Professor N R Moudgalj
Dr A Jagannadha Rao
4. Development of (i) Anti-Pregnancy
Vaccine and (ii) Pregnancy Testing
Kit
5. Trial of an Injectable Male Con-
traceptive
I. Establishing a Mechanical Tabula-
tion Research Cell for Family
Planning Programme of the Chris-
tian Medical Association of India,
Banga)ore.
2. A Demonstration Project for Evol-
ving an Effective Role for Grass-
root Child Welfare Workers in
Family Planning in an Urban/
Slum/Rural Area
95,000
35,000
2,40,000
2,00,000
2,12,000
2,49,590
80,000
2,00,000
2,49,000
1,00,000
5,25,000
2,00,000
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SI Titile of the Project
No
3. Monograph on Population and
Development: Towards the 21st
Century
4: Demonstration Project in Commu-
nity Based Distribution of Con-
traceptives
5. Integrated Rural Socio-Economic
Programme linked with Family
Planning
6. Action Demonstration Project for
Integrated Parasite Control and
Family Planning Services in
UNICEF-Assisted Area Develop-
ment Programme in Trivandrum
District
7. Demonstration Project to Integrate
Health and Family Planning with
Rural Development
8. Planning and Development Grant
to Stimulate Widescale Family
Planning Work in one District of
Rajasthan
9. A Demonstration Project of Reor-
ganising the Role of Anganwadi
Workers for The total Welfare of
the Community covered by the
ICDS scheme
10. Family Planning Action Research
Project In Urban and Rural
Settings
11. Operation Concern: Demonstra-
tion Project for Primary Health
Care and Family Plannig Services
through the Milk Cooperative
Infrastructure
Addl Director-Health
Services, Kerala State
Government
Mr Prema Malhotra
Mr P Venkat Rao
Amount
Sanctioned
Rs
75,000
9,484
Page
No
30,000
4,50,000
12,500
2,00,000
2,70,000
62,000
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---
Principal InvestIgator Project
Director
I2. Involvement of Parliamentarians
and Legislators in Promoting
Family Planning:
(0 Second National Conference
of Parliamentarians on Popu-
tion and Development
(ij) Asian Forum of Parliamen-
tarians on Population and
Development Exchange of
Expertise and Experience in
Fjeld of Population Deve-
lopment Related issues
(iij) Involvement of Parliamen-
tarians and Legislators in
Promoting Family Planning in
their constituencies
13. Mother Child and Family Welfare
Project
Mr B Chatterjee
MrA C Sen
14. A Demonstration-cum-Study Pro-
gramme for Family Development
(with special focus on family plan-
ning) for the Social Transforma-
tion of Two Communities (Rural
and Urban) in West Bengal
I. A Demonstration/Action
Project
in Developing Grassroot Worker-
Leaders: Experiment in Leader-
ship Training
2. District Development Demonstra-
tion Project in Madurai District,
Tamil Nadu
3. Integrated Health Care Delivery
including Family Planning with
Community Participation
Amount
Sanctioned
Rs
Page
No
50,000
71,480
1,00,000
5,00,000
2,46,000
3,30,000
91,000
1,84,000
4,50,000
1,75,000
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81 Title of the Project
No
Principal Invesligator jProject
Director
4. A Pilot Project on Health Welfare
and Education with Special Em-
phasis on Population Education
5. Village Level Health and Family
Planning Workers (Case Studies)
6. (i) First National Conference of
Parliamentarians on the Pro-
blems of Population and
Development
(ii) Promoting Family Planning
Population through Parlia-
mentarians
(iii) Travel Grant for 5 members
of the Indian Association of
Parliamentarians for Prob-
lems of Population and
Development to attend the
Asian Conference of Popula-
tion Beijjing, China
(iv) Technical Materials for State
Legislators Conference of
IAPPD
7. Orientation Training of Mukhya-
sevikas In Health and Family
Welfare
8. Experimental Project Linking
Population Education with Adult
Education
9. Family Planning
Foundation
A wards Various Categories of
Family Planning Communication
10. An experimental Project for Inte-
grating Population Education for
All India Handicraft Board
trainees in Carpet Weaving Centres
Amount
Page
Sanctioned No
Rs
3,00,000
1,00,000
3,00,000
1,50,000
20,000
28,500
4,63,700
1,50,000
2,50,000
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, ..- Till.;'"'' ""*"
No
Principal Investigator/Project
Director
1I. Atlas of the Child in India: A
Visual Education Project Depict-
ing the place and importance of
Children in Population and
Development
12. Annotated Resource List of Family
Planning Media Materials
13. Development of an Innovative
puppet Based Video Serial on
Family Planning (Preparatory
grant)
14. Publication Grant: Population
Compendium for World Popula-
tioh Conference, Mexico City
15. "Because People Matter" Audio-
Visual presentation
16. Video Software Develapment for
TV and Now Broadcast Channels
Amount
Sanctioned
Rs
77,000
25,000
Page
No
1. Population Education through
Agricultural Institutions- Deve-
loping Role Definition and Role
Commitments of Agricultural
Institutions in Population Edu-
cation
2. Developing Programmes of Infor-
mation Dissemination, Motivation
and Action in Population and
Family Planning
3,00,000
4,40,000
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SI Title of the product
No
Principal Investigator jProduct
Director
3. Developing an Institutional Base
in a Northern State for Orientation
Training of Key Women Develop-
ment Functionaries
4. Technical Materials for State
Legislators Conference of IAPPD
5. Population Policy-2000 AD A
Study of the Relationship between
Population and Economic Deve-
lopment
6. India's Population-Aspects of
Quality and Control
7. Determinants of Fertility Change
ing Tamil Nadu
8. Status of Population Research in
India
9. Population in India's Develop-
ment-1947-2000, A Recommis-
sioned Study
10. Status Study of Population Educa-
tion Research in India
FPF, Registrar
General's Office, IASP
K Sadashivaiah
Chandrakala Dave
12. Mangadu Study-Socio-Economic
Change : A Diachronic Study of
Changes in Contraceptive and
Fertility Behaviour
13. A Critical Study of Allocations to
the Family Planning Programme
in India during 1971-81 with Policy
Implications and Construction of
Data Bank on the Subject
Mr A Aiyappan
Mr Mahadevan
Mr V Nagarajan
ADiount
Sanctioned
Rs
Page
No
5,000
5,000
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51 Title of the Proj('ct
No
Principal Investigator/Project
Director
14. Broad'based Research Programme
on Infant Mortality and its Inter-
relationship with Fertility
15. (i) Study of Population Policies in
India (ii) Study of Family Plann-
ing Implementation Programmes
16. Study of People's Participation in
Family Planning
17. Socia-Economic Determinants of
Age of Female at Marriage and its
Effect on Fertility Behaviour in
India
Dr Ali Baquer
Dr Rajni Kothari
19. Management
Programme-A
tion
of Family Welfare
Study in Percep-
Amount
Sanctioned
Rs
Page
No
2,70,000
2,58,800
1. Workshop on Promotion of Oral
Pills
2. International Symposium on Gona-
dotropins Releasing Hormone in
Control of Fertility and Malig-
nancy
3. International
Conference
on
Health Policy: Ethics and Human
Values
90,000
50,000
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I. Bio-Medical Researcb
PROJECT TITLE Task Group on Injectable Contraceptives
Director/Institution Sponsored by the Family Planning Foundation
Rs 95,000 (March 1982)
Rs 35,000 (December 1983)
It was felt that terminal methods which are now popular may sOOn reach
a plateau and measures are therefore necessary to bring in spacing
methods in a big way. The Foundation as a non-government organisation
has sought to provide through this Task Force meeting an independent
and objective assessment of the injectable contraceptive which could help
to decide whether injectables should be included in the national family
planning programme.
The Task Force considered, at its meeting in October 1983, two
injectables-the DMPA and the NET-EN. The national and international
experience exchanged at the meeting showed that whilt: both these merit
consideration by the Government in terms of their safety, efficacy,
acceptability and reversibility, the latter would be preferable in the Indian
context. The injectable mode is culturally acceptable and eliminates the
need for daily motivation. The report which was expected to be ready
by December 1983 is not ready. This work was assigned to one of the
Indian biomedical experts, who participated at the meeting. He is being
asked to expedite the report.
PROJECT TITLE Mechanism of Secretion of Chorionogonado-tropins in pregnant Monkeys
and Human Placental Tissue Cultures.
Project Director
Institution
Department of Biochemistry
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore.
Sanctions
R. 2,40,000 (29.1 1.77)
Rs 2,00,000 (04.12.8 I)
Rs 2,12,000 (20.12.83)
after Peer Review
Rs 2,49,590.37 (21.12.84)
Disbursements
Rs 3,10,000
(Upto May 84)
Rs.4,59,445.74
(May 84-Dec 85)
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Objectives
Progress
To investigate the feasibility of developing a suitable mechanism to inter-
fere with Chorionic Gonadotropins (CG) production, which can possibly
be used as a fertility-limiting agent.
The project has been able to establish a radio-immunoassay method to
measure LHRH levels in monkeys. Since the project has fulfilled the
objectives of the study, Dr Rao has been requested to explore the possi-
bility of the project being followed up in collaboration with the Central
Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, who have the expertise and
know-how to make LHRH analogues, which could be useful for early
termination of pregnancy. The Foundation has discontinued funding to
the above project with effect from 1.4.1986 except to settle outstanding
balances after receipt of audited statements.
Institution
Department of Biochemistry Indian
Institute of Science Bangalore.
Sanctions
Rs 80,000 (30.07.80)
Rs 2,00,000 (04.12.81)
Disbursements
Rs 2,23,243.29
(Upto May 1984)
Rs 2,49,000 (20.12.83)
after Peer Review)
Rs. 1,00,000 (21.12.84)
Rs. 3,25,000
(May 84-Dec 85)
(1) To isolate and characterise riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) and thiamin
carrier protein (TCP) from pregnant mothers;
(2) To develop sensitive methods of assays for monitoring their levels during
pregnancy, menstruation and 'pill' intake;
(3) To rule out side-effect on the mother following active immunization
against the carrier Proteins.
The project funding by the Foundation ceased on 31 March 1986 and the
terminal report on the project has been received. The report was sent
for review to an expert, who has observed that the work is innovative and
is of a high standard and the objectives of the project have been achieved.
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The hypothesis tested is that, during pregnancy, the extra demand of
water-Soluble vitamins for embryonic development is met by the develop-
ment of specialized carrier proteins by the maternal system, across the
placental barrier. Detailed studies have been carried out with regard to
riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) and thiamin carrier protein (TCP).
Immunological studies were undertaken using monospecific antibodies
raised by appropriate methods.
The functional importance of RCP in pregnancy and foetal development
has been demonstrated in rats and bonnet monkeys. Some studies have
also been done on normally cycling women and the role of estrogens
demonstrated. In addition, study of levels of RCP in normal and
abnormal pregnancies in serum of mother and umblical cord showed
lower concentration of RCP as compared to maternal serum which was
clear evidence of retarded foetal growth.
The expert was also requested to suggest possible applications of the
filldings. The view of the expert is that, the present work is exploratory
and that much more needs to be done and specific experiments designed
for the human. Such experimentation is worth pursuing, but woulcl
require separate protocol and collaboration with an Obstetrics/Gynaeco-
logy Department. Further, depending upon the results of the specific
experiments, there would be the need to simplify the technology and
investigate the feasibility of utilising the method on a large scale basis
for the diagnosis of the retarded foetal growth. In the view of the exnert,
all these issues need to be clearly spelt out in the new protocol.
In so far as studies on carrier proteins were concerned, which were also
being assisted by the ICMR, it was felt that while the two objectives out
of the three mentioned in FPF project have been achieved, information
about the third which was most important was not forthcoming. Having
confirmed, the presence of carrier proteins during pregnancy and also
studied the action of termination of pregnancy, it was essential that we
ought to know about side-effects and other effects on vitamin metabolism,
etc. Once that was known, the project would have completed its course
taking the findings to the logical threshold of experimentation on humans.
Dr B K Anand had suggested that this could be done by conducting trials
on breeding monkeys with the help of Professor Moudgal who had been
experimenting with Banjauri. Selected monkeys from his animal house
could be obtained for specific trials to determine whether there were any
adverse side effects, etc.
It was recalled that in one of the recent meetings of the Board the possi-
bility of developing a joint project had been hinted at. Accordingly, a
team consisting of Dr Dipak Bhatia, Member, Governing Board and the
Executive Director visited Bangalore on 28 April 1987. In the absence
of Prof Adiga, detailed discussions were held with the Senior Scientists
associated with the project. It was noted that the discovery of RCP was
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unique in as much as apart from establishing its significance in the main-
tenance of foetus, it had opened up important possibilities of determining
abnormalities at a very early stage. 80 cases are under study. The
scientist further noted that it might take about 3 years to develop a proper
immunogen for terminating pregnancy.
It seems, the Institute does not need further assistance to continue the
work since adequate support has now become available from ICMR.
The project has, therefore, been completed.
(0 Anti-Pregnancy Vaccine and
(ii) Pregnancy Testing Kit.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences/Indian Institute of Immunology,
New Delhi.
Sanctions.
Disbursemen ts
Rs 5,25,000
Rs 5,15,000
Rs 2,00,000
Rs 1,85,000
(Additional amount of Rs 1,00,000 to be made available on demand by
the Project Director)
Objectives Duration The activities funded by the Foundation began in April, 1975 and ended
in 1984.
(0 Objective of this project is to exploit the immune response of the
body to block the action of certain critical bioactive molecules which
are crucial for pregnancy at one stage or the other, i.e. right from
conception to maintenance.
(ij) Development of a pregnancy testing kit.
The progress made under this project was discussed by Dr K L Wig and
Dipak Bhatia with the Project Director. In their assessment, the project
has reached an advanced state, as a result mainly of the Foundation's
critical initial financial support and it has been recommended that the
Foundation should continue to make available some token funds as and
when needed by the Project Director. This was suggested, particularly
because of the importance attached to the development of anti-pregnancy
vaccine, which has been commended by the agencies like the Federal Drug
Administration of the United States and other countries.
(ii) As regards the development of pregnancy testing kit, the discussions
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indicated that what was now necessary was the development of a market-
ing technique of the product, in order to transfer it from the laboratory
to the shelf table. This was necessary because although the product itself
cost very little, the marketing involved a sizeable percentage of the cost
and unless an organisation was set up to develop the marketing facility,
the product may not become commercially viable. It was decided that to
explore this aspect further. a meeting be arranged between Dr Bharat Ram
and Dr Talwar in which Drs K L' Wig and Dipak Bhatia could partici-
pate. This meeting is yet to be arranged.
The views of the Indian Council of Medical Research on the effec-
tiveness of the pregnancy test kit are important to elicit before the kit
can be used on any scale in the country. The foundation has played a
role in ensuring that ICMR examines the kit. Technicians from 4 institu-
tions in Delhi selected by ICMR have been sent for a one day training on
its use. Dr Talwar reports that adequate supplies have been given and
that testing is ongoing in these 4 institutions. They are expected to
provide a feedback afler 100 tests have been done in each institution.
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences!
Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi.
A polymer and methodology of administration into the lumen of the vas
deferens of male monkeys for achieving contraception has been developed
and standardised at the AIIMS & lIT, New Delhi. It is proposed to
evaluate the contraceptive efficacy of this new procedure at independent
centres by using the polymer prepared at the All India Institute of Medical
Sciences and Indian Institute of Technology.
The research in the present project focuses ~>na methodology of fertility
control in males through a class of polymers which have intensive
property of lowering pH and there by inhibiting the functional ability of
the spermatozoa to fertilize the ovum. Since the polymer does not
degrade and does not go into solution, it is not expendable and the life-
time of a depot formed by a single injection is theoretically very long.
The work carried out so far (prior to the project grant by the
Foundation) indicates that the injection of a polymer into the vas of the
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rats has produced contraception, which is also reversible. Trials on
primates in AIlMS laboratory have estahlished contraceptive effectiveness
and reversibility is being studied as part of the project funded by the
Foundation. Also multi-centric trials would be organised with the help
of the critical support, provided by the, Foundation for three months
(January-March 1986). Form April 1986, funds are anticipated from
ICMR and the WHO.
The Summary Report on the project indicates that the administra-
tion of styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) has three modes of actions on the
basis of the observational data. Monkey with a high dose (400 mg) of
SMA continued to maintain an effective vas deferens lumen block and
thus fertility is controlled. In intermediate doses (l00 mg) of SMA, there
is' initial occlusion followed by non-occlusive control of fertility and in
low doses (16,65 mg) of SMA, after a period of time, fertility is restored
spontaneously indicating that the approach can be used for limited period
of fertility control with no second manipulation to gain reversal. It has
also been established in one monkey that following reversal, there has
been pregnancy as determined by palpation by a specialist.
Besides, the above contraception and reversibility study, the under-
mentioned associated investigations were conducted:
(i) Hormonal Levels: Within the limits of biological variability and
accuracy in the procedure, serum testosterone levels are not altered
by reversal. As a part of the mating programme, hormone levels
of female monkeys were also estimated.
(ii) Antisperm Antibody detel'mination: It has been found that antibody
levels in monkeys with occlusive block is higher than those with
low dose treatment and patent lumen.
(iii) Scanning Electron Microscopy: The effect of the polymer on sper-
matoza was further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and
it has been found that SMA has effect 011 the morphology both
tn-vitro Clnd in-vivo.
(iv) Toxicity Studies: Toxicity studies carried out using the methodo-
logy prescribed by the ICMR showed that haemotological as well
as blood biochemistry data of treated monke)s continued to be
within normal limits.
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II. Demonstration/Experimental Projects: Health
and Social Development
PROJECT TITLE Establishing a Mechanical Tabulation Research Cell for Family Planning
Programme of the Christian Medical Association of India, Bangalore
Objectives
To analyse with the help of the mechanical tabulation unit the socio-
demographic characteristics of tubectomy acceptors by collecting data
from the 350 hospitals under CM AI all over the country.
Present Status
This is a project in which the Foundation funded a data processing facility
at CMAI. The report entitled "Acceptor Analysis" was received in 1982
and the project is completed.
PROJECT TITLE A Demonstration Project for Evolving an Effective Role for Grassroot
Child Welfare Workers in Family Planning in an Urban/Slum/Rural/Area
Institution
National Institute of Child Development and Public Cooperation, New
Delhi.
Date of
Commencement
November 1980
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Present Status
To reconceptuaJise the role of the rCDS worker to incorporate population
sensitivities; demonstrate that this does not add undue burdens and
develop the methodology and materials for such orientation.
Has affected government policy. Recommendations emerging from this
project e;1tperience have led to integration of population education in
rCDS training. NIPCCD, the apex training institution for trainers of
ICpS workers, is continuing to work on the materials developed for
training and is also making a study of its impact of the demonstration
project.
The two source books for training developed during this project
have been issued to all 40 training centres of rCDS workers and their con-
tents are being finalised in the light of comments received during this
initial use. They will be published shortly.
Objectives
Progress
To create effective communication materials to build greater awareness
and informed knowledge base in regard to population problems and com-
mitment towards their solution.
Prof Moonis Raza and Dr Sheel Chand Nuna with the active assistance of
the Foundation developed a monograph on Population and Development
comprising 14 maps, 13 graphs and a rank-wise compilation of district
level data of certain basic demographic and development indicators. The
monograph also contained a transparent map of parliamentary constitu-
encies that enabled every MP to pinpbint, in regard to the various
indicators mapped, the situation prevailing in his{her constituency. This
monograph was despatched alongside a personal letter of appeal signed by
Mr J R D Tata, Chairman of the Family Planning Foundation which
provided individually for ready reference to every MP the data on the
MP's constituency, in regard to certain development and demographic
indicators. The Prime Minister personally showed an interest in the
information provided in the various maps and a large number of MPs
expressed their appreciation of the monograph as an imaginative and use-
ful exercise. It has been further much sought after by academic institu-
tions, researchers and others involved with the population issue. The
monograph has been selectively disseminated to a wider circle.
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PROJECT TITLE Demonstration Project in Community Based Distribution of Contracep-
tives
January 1979
April 1981
Rs 30,000
Rs 4,50,000 .
The project seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of creating a self-sustaining
system for distribution of contraceptives by using the marketing approach
through suitable trained members of the community. The project holds
promise to increase oral pill acceptance, total health cover and establish-
ment of a self-sustaining system.
PROJECT TITLE Integrated
Planning
Rural Socio-Economic
Programme Linked \\-\\-ith Family
Institution
The Naujhil Integrated Rural Project for Health and Development Society,
Mathura, UP
Brief Description
. The project aims at increased acceptance of family welfare and MCH
measures through provision of basic health services with socio-economic
activities in an extremely backward area of Uttar Pradesh. Also test in a
field situation, the interaction of health and economic development and to
develop a cadre of trained local workers for providing these services.
With the trained dais, family planning acceptance of sterilisation and
spacing method has improved multifoldand
the task is satisfactorily
consolidated in 15 project villages. Considerable interest in the NaujhiI
methodology has been expressed by GOl, State Governments and
UNICEF. The project plans to expand.
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PROJECT TITLE Action Demonstration Project for Integrated Parasite Control and Family
Planning Services in UNICEF-Assisted Area Development Programme in
Trivandrum District.
Rs. 5,00,000 May 1981
reduced to
Rs 98,350 Sept. 1984 Commenced Nov. 84.
(I) To galvanise UNICEF's involvement in micro-level family planning
work through integration of this component in its Area Development!
Social Inputs Programmes and other activities.
(2) Test the feasibility and relevance of the parasite-controHinked-family-
planning approach in India and demonstrate the methodology for
implementation.
This project was initially designed to fit into a very ambitious Area Deve-
lopment Programme being taken up with UNICEF-support in Trivandrum
District, which itself got drastically pruned and altered. The exigencies and
delays for the larger UNICEF-Govt. programme naturally affected the fate
of this project, which was unable to get off the ground till 1984 when a
smaller pilot project was reworked with Kerala State Government and
UNICEF. However, without any of the Foundation's allocated funds for
this project being spent, considerable headway was accomplished in achiev-
ing the first objective i.e. of mobilising UNICEF interest in a more direct
involvement with the family planning issue. Following UNICEF's interac-
tion with the Foundation, family planning ccmponents were built into
several other area development programmes, notably in Gujarat. Further,
UNICEF has been actively cooperating and COllaborating with the Founda-
tion in promotional and dissemination activities, reinforcing that linkages
with family planning are an important contribution to lthe child develop-
ment issue.
The micro project itself started in late 84, but perhaps because it
was too small a venture for the Kerala Health Directorate to take specific
interest, limped right from the start. Over 1985 work was done, but in
fitful starts. Training materials were developed, the mahila samajam
volunteers selected and trained and a survey of the panchayat undertaken,
followed by the first blanket deworming programme in the area. How-
ever, as the activities were not carried out in a continuous flow and in the
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integrated multi-faceted manner earlier envisaged, the project never really
took a concrete shape. Therefore, in late '85, the Foundation regretfully
took the decision to terminate this project.
PROJECT TITLE Demonstration Project to Integrate Health and Family Planning with
Rural Development
October 1980
May 1981
Rs 12,500 (planning grant)
Rs 2,00,000
The project taken up in one of the most backward districts of UP, was
designed to develop an experimental model for social action integrating
income and employment generating activities with social services, including
health and family planning education and services. Having mobilised
health and population consciousness in a committeed group, the project
trained and positioned village level health workers and community mobi-
lisers in 10 villages, developed an effective repertoire of steel-theatre, and
a work manual based on local health problems and remedies. However,
difficulties arose regarding implementation of the service aspect of the
project, and the implementing agency decided to suspend the present
project work, but assured the integration of these health and family
welfare interests into a larger integrated project that is being developed.
PROJECT TITLE Planning and Development Grant to Stimulate Widescale Familly Planning
Work in one District of Rajasthan
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This project attempted a new direction for the Foundation: to catalyse
through its active involvement, support from institutions and individuals
both from within and outside a backward district, in support of family
planning efforts. Through these efforts, the Foundation has been instru-
mental in getting: (i) Jaipur Udyog, the major industrial unit in Sawai
Madhopur, to launch a comprehensive family welfare programme for its
workers and their families; (ii) AFPRO, a leading NGO working in rural
development to survey and design a schemo for upgrading dry land
farming and animal husbandry through community participation in one
panchayat and to hold a workshop on guinea-worm eradication endemic
in certain parts of Sawai Madhopur-with a view to show how develop-
ment and health care activity of this type can be linked with family
planning promotion, (iii) GOr, Rajasthan State Government and
Hindustan Latex to formulate a project for and intensive family planning
drive and delivery of services involving every panchayat and the voluntary
organisations of the district.
PROJECT TITLE A Demonstration Project of Reorganising the Role of Anganwadi Workers
for the Total Welfare of the Community covered by the IeDS Scheme
Data of Sanction
Budget
May 1981
Rs 1,61,900
Brief Description
By reconceptualising the role of the ICDS Workers and sensitising them to
population concern, the project demonstrates that this does not add undue
burdens. Methodology and materials for reorientation of ICDS workers
have been developed and considerable success in field work attained. The
project has also developed an alternative trainiIlg model based on regional
training skills.
PROJECT TITLE Family Planning Action Rt'search Project in Urban and Rural Settings
Director
Dr (Mrs) Pramila David
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The basic idea was to develop, design and implement a model for deliver-
ing of family planning education and services with related health care to
a selected rural population.
PROJECT TITLE Operation Concern: Demonstration Project for Primary Health Care and
Family Planning Services through the Milk Cooperative infrastructure
Budget
Objectives
Progress
Rs 2,70,000 June 1982
Rs 62,000 December 1983
To stimulate the involvement of the milk cooperative infrastructure in
primary health care and family welfare work; and further, to demonstrate
its enormous potential to accelerate improvements in the community's
health conditions through such involvement.
The pilot project was initiated in July 1982, but field work commenced
only in February 1983. Despite considerable teething troubles, com-
pounded by the complex political situation in Punjab that made it
exceedingly difficult to attract and retain personnel for rural field work;
the project was sufficiently successful in the 14 villages covered to enthuse
Guru Milk Cooperative Union to upscale its involvement in a new
project-not only accepting the administrative responsibility for under-
taking such work, but also financially contributing substantially towards
its implementation.
Over the 2 year pilot project period, within the 14 villages health care at
the doorstep was provided to nearly 14,000 persons. It recruited 440 family
planning acceptors of terminal and IUD methods, besides arranging
distribution of conventional and oral contraceptives, altogether resulting
in an increase of the percentage of eligible couples covered by effective
contraceptive methods from 35.8 per cent at the time of the initial survey
to 60 per cent at the end of the 2 years. Similarly, immunisation of
children increased from less than 10 per cent to 40 per cent. Antenatal
care was provided to 523 women and 65 soakage pits and 73 smokeless
chulahs installed to demonstrate better sanitation practices. A community
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bio-gas plant-separately funded by Department of Science and Technology.
Government of India-was also constructed in one of the project villages.
With the assistance of the Foundation, Guru Milk Cooperative Union
developed a project proposal for an approximately I crare, project that
would extend the activities undertaken in the pilot project, in a phased
manner over the entire district in 4 years. This was approved in early 85,
after a 5 member appraisal team of the Government of India and State
Government had visited the pilot project and over the early rart of the
year, the pilot project staff launched on the preparatory work that enabled
the larger project to commence on last April 1985. The Foundation has
no specific financial commitment for the expanded project, but has conti-
nued to provide technical assistance and other help as needed to ground
the work. A particularly challenging task was to find a suitable Chief
Medical Coordinator to head the project work, a search that only ended
late in the year when L1, Gen. B.D. Verma, formerly Dean of the Armed
Forces Medical College, agreed to take up the assignment. L1, Gen.
Verma joined in January 1986.
The Foundation continues to be actively associated with the GOI funded
Operation Concern project as part of the Coordination Committee that
has been set up to guide the project's implementation. Over 1985-86
Operation Concern expanded to oS I villages reaching 95 per cent of its
area target for the year and exceeding its targets for the year in providing
eligible couple protection, antenatal registration, immunisation of preg-
nant women and deliveries by trained personnel. An evaluation team
from the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare monitored the
progress of the first year's work and reported it to be satisfactory.
The concept of the milk cooperative infrastructure's involvement in health
and family welfare work, either directly as in Bhatinda-or with a
separate voluntary organisation set up for this purpose as being experi-
mented in Anand, the head-quarters of Operation Flood-is now a well
accepted philosophy. India's massive dairy development effort. Operation
Flood, has now proposed for ten districts to be brought into this type of
activity through funds to be set aside from its own budget and suggested
that these districts examine both the Bhatinda and Anand models to
choose their style of work. Several other models for carrying out this
work are now also coming onstream. In Andhra Pradesh, Chitoor
District, Ford Foundation is helping to develop a health project with the
women's dairy cooperatives that has built on the Bhatinda experience.
Recently, a request has been received from the Ahmednagar Dist Milk
Cooperatives (Maharashtra) to assist in developing a project on the
Bhatinda pattern, to which they are also prepared to contribute funds.
PROJECT TITLE Involvement of Parliamentarians and Legislators in Promoting Family
Planning
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(i) Second National Conference of Parliamentarians on Population and
Development.
(ii) Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population & Development
Exchange of Expertise & Experience in the Field of Population
Development and Related issues.
(iii) Involvement of Parliamentarians and Legislators in Promoting Family
Planning in their Constituencies.
Date of Sanction
March 1985 Commenced May 1985
May 1985 Commenced May 1985
June 1984 (Block Grant)
Budget
Rs 50,000 March 1985
Rs 71,480 July 1985 (ratified)
Rs 1,00,000 June 1984
Amount Disbursed Rs 50,000
Rs 71,480
Rs 1,00,000
Objecth'es
To create awareness amongst the influential decision makers on population
and development issues, with a view towards their greater mobilisation in
support of the family planning cause; generate commitment and involve-
ment in direct work to promote family planning.
Progress
(i) The IAPPD organised and held the Second National Conference of
Parliamentarians on May 13th, 1985-four years from the day it held
the First National Conference. The Foundation was closely asso-
ciated with the efforts to organise this conference, as it had similarly
been with the first one.
The Second National Conference of Parliamentarians was inaugurated
by the Prime Minister and presided over by the Speaker, Lok Sabha.
50 MPs, 88 MLAs and 261 educationists, social scientists and public
leaders are reported to have attended the One-day meeting, where
special guests included Mr J.R.D. Tata, Chairman, FPF, Dr Rafcal
Sales. Executive Director, UNFPA and Mr Takashi Sato, Chairman,
Asian Forum of Parliamentarians for Population and Development.
The Foundation provided at the inaugural function a 15 minute
3 screen audio-visual focusing on population and development issues
and released a special publication on the occasion: a monograph
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of maps giving constituency-wise data on various population and
development indicators that was provided to every single Member of
Parliament. Further, the Foundation Commissioned three technical
papers relating to the issues of women, youth and labour respectively,
which formed part of the background material for the group discus-
sions at the meeting. Programme Director-Communication chaired
one of the group discussions.
(ii) In pursuance of the bilateral agreement between China and India
arrived at the First Conference of the Asian Forum of Parlia-
mentarians in New Delhi in February 1984, IAPPD sent a 10 member
delegation to China in June 1985, the Foundation sponsoring travel
for five of the members. The delegation included 7 MPs, one MLA,
one media expert and one health administrator; It met with leading
Chinese family planning officials and experts and studied the imple-
mentation of the programme in different parts of China. A return
visit by the Chinese delegation took place in early 86, when the
delegation also had discussions with the Foundation staff and visited
Sikar project.
(iii) This project could not take off the ground in '84 because of the
political uncertainties and turbulent events at the close of 1984. Early
in 1985, IAPPD developed, with the technical assistance of the
Foundation, a more ambitious project proposal for work in 10 consti-
tuencies, the minimum number with which it felt it would like to
commence the field work involving Parliamentarians at the grassroot
level in accelerating acceptance of family welfare goals in their areas.
Funding was expected from various other national and international
sources.
Meanwhile, one parliamentary constituency-Sikar, that of the
Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Mr Balram Jakhar was taken in hand to
create a pilot model for the work. Intensive field work was done in
Sikhar over 1985. A series of meetings were held with the MLAs, and
panchayat pramukhs of the district resulting in the creation of a
network of committees comprising both official functionaries and
public leaders at every level: district, taluka, panchayat and village,
who would work for promoting family planning. The Eligible
Couple register of the district was updated and village-wise lists made
available to these committees so that there was systematic local-
specific information available on the people's situation that would
indicate the appropriate contraceptive measures to be canvassed to
each couple.
Following this, a massive intensive publicity campaign was under-
taken in Sikar district and a detailed operational plan developed for
the holding of 50 camps across the district with full logistical support.
The aim was to increase family planning acceptance by 10,000 sted-
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lisation-equivalents during the campaign period, which was conducted
from mid-November onwards. A report on this campaign is sepa-
rately listed.
Although the campaign short faIled on the original targets, it never-
theless secured a set-up of family planning acceptance in what is
obviously a difficult area with a significant minority community
population, which is lagging in family planning acceptance to an even
greater degree than the general population. Although the popular
committees failed to function effectively, the involvement of the
development departments af the government and an improvement in
the quality of service delivery was secured. The pilot project has
highlighted the enormous complexities in practical field work, but
nevertheless constitutes a fair beginning in this direction in one
district. More recently, IAPPD has selected 5 more contituencies in
UP to commence work.
Mr B Chatterjee (June 83 to October 85)
1\\lr A C Sen (October 85 onwards)
Rs 500,000 December 1982
Rs 246,000 October 1985
Date of
Commencement
I st June 1983
Phase II: I st December 1985
To train a cadre of village level health and women's development workers
and through those workers implement a programme of family planning
aud basic health care, alongside mobilisation for socio-economic develop-
ment. benefiting the poorest families.
This project is situated in an extremely backward area-G Udgiri black
in the tribal district of Phulbani, Orissa, where 90 per cent of the popula-
tion is below the poverty line. Initially the project was designed to
undertake mother and child health activities in conjunction with economic
activities for the poorest families in the block being identified and
assisted under the Economic Rehabilition of Rural Poor (ERRP).
A sister organisation of AfFORD (AVARD) had in 1979, at the request
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of the state government undertaken a detailed households survey of below
the poverty line families in G Udaigiri and prepared a block development
plan. At the time, the state government had indicated the possibility of
letting AYARD/AFFORD implement or otherwise actively assist in the
ERPP work if not through the block, atIeasi in one panchayat. But this
did not materialise and eventually the Mother, Child and Family Welfare
project was the sole mechanism through which AFFORD could assist
the area. Because of this the economic activities component has remained
at a low key level, although the project has now succeeded into netting
into some government. schemes under TRYSEM; Housing of Weaker
Sections, programmes for renewable energy, latrine construction etc.,
altogether mobllising resources to the tune of roughly eight lakh rupees
for activitIes other than health.
With these changed circumstances it was not possible to demonstrate on
any scale the earlier hypothesis to be tested that family welfare work
when carried out alongside systematic economic development activities
has rapid acceptance. However, what the project has been able to show
is that where such activity takes place in conjunction with even some
marginal attempts to improve the lot or the people, alongside basic health
care activities being made more accessible to the people, family welfare
acceptance is accelerated. It has further developed an infrastructure
within the community, by training a cadre of 40 dais as basic health
workers demonstrating the worth of his fieldworker. Although the
ptoject originally expected to cover 80 villages, work could only be carried
out in 40 villages, as the logistics of the area are difficult, villages being
far flung and pulic transport arrangements practically non-existent.
The project ended in December. But in recognition of the difficulties of
the area and the nature of the work, a second phase was sanctioned. A
number of correctives were also made at this time and the work in the
40 villages has shown considerable further improvement with the new
approach. 4 areas mobilisers selected from the community have each
been given responsibility for 10 villages in theu vicinity, to help with
economic activities and keep tab of the performance of the village level
workers. The clinic at the project head quarters was closed and the
schedule rearranged, entirely based on field clinics, after December. The
doctor now visits most of the villages on motor cycle, while the economic
organiser has been provided a moped and the health supervisor assigned
the 16 villages in walking distance/on bus route from G Udaigiri, the
jeep now being used only for the most distant and inaccessible villages.
The total shift of service arrangements to the periphery, ensurement of
greater mobility and stricter supervision though the arrangements for
4 area mobilisers and more intensive monitoring, supervision and technical
assistance from AFFORD head quarter in New Delhi have paid off.
A District level organisation that will take over the project has now been
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formed and registered. A major problem has been, because of a recent
change in stay in relation to AFFORD that no alternative funds could be
secured, so far, to carryon the project under its aegis. However, with an
independent district-based organisation now in position this difficulty is
hoped to be overcome.
Since commencement the project reports 225 acceptors of terminal
methods and 24 IUD acceptors, 7 nirodh users and 3 pill users recruited.
Not only family planning, but immunisation and ante-natal registration
show steady improvement in the project villages, where proportional
performance is much better than in the nearby non-project villages,
according to independent evaluations by a medical expert arranged by
the Foundation. With regard to family planning acceptance (sterilisation
and IUD), the project, population, accounting for 47 per cent of the block
population, provided a little more than a proportionate return for terminal
methods (48.8%) and only 16.5% for IUD in 1984-85, a year after the
project's start. Two years later-in 85-86-the corresponding contribu-
tion to the block was 71.7 % for sterlisation and 63.7% for IUD.
A Demonstration-cum-Study Programme for Family Development (wito
special focus on family planning) for the Social Transformation of Two
Communities (Rural and Urban) in West Bengal.
May 1981
September 1984.
The project aimed at social transformation of three communities, located
in urban, rural and urban fringe in and around Calcutta and promoting
health and family welfare alongside. The basic premise of the project,
aiming at total social transformation, was found to be too difficult to
achieve within the time and the resources. Accordingly, it was decided
to close the project in April 1985, at the end of the extended period of
six months. Since Prof Sugata Dasgupta as well as his successor passed
away, a final report on the project could not be prepared. The present
Director has been requested to prepare a report identifying and describing
the achievements of the project with particular reference to the acceptance
of family planning and the social change that has occurred in the com-
munity which would be conducive to the further promotion of family
planning. The Director has promised to submit the report shortly.
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III. Information, Education and Communication
PROJECT TITLE A Demonstration Action Project in Developing Grassroot
Leaders: Experiment in Leadership Training
Worker-
Date of
Commencement
2 October 1980
Objectives
Provide a model for involvement and training of women's organisations,
Develop a cadre of workers and the competence of the Working Women's
Forum to take on family planning work.
Present Status
Working Women's Forum has done excellent work in the field during the
3'year project period. It has now received a Rs 81 lakh grant from the
Tamil Nadu Government to expand the work across the slums of Madras.
It has a cadre of trained workers and organisational capacity to undertake
further work and provide a model that can be replicated by other
organisations.
PROJECT TITLE District Development Demonstration Project in Madurai District, Tamil
Nadu
Date of
Commencement
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Duration
Budget
5 years
(extended by one pear-1982-83)
Phase I : Rs 3,30,000 (November 1977)
Phase II : Rs 91,100 (August 1982)
Objectives
The overall objective was to facilitate better achievement of the various
health and family planning programmes in rural areas by:
(i) adopting Athoor Experience of increasing the efficiency of the
ANM, intensifying the motivation work and involving the non-
government agencies;
(ii) improving the management and recording system;
(iii) energise the MadaraE 'ngams (Mother's Club).
Present Status
Though it was a collaborative venture, the Tamil Nadu Government had
not made available the services of the MPW (male). The Gandhigram
Institute recruited and trained personnel, developed a recording system,
energised few Madarsangams and improved the sanitation by providing
household latrines at subsidised cost. The Institute submitted the Report
in 1982. The efforts made by the Foundation to persuade the Tamil
Nadu Government to provide the multi-purpose workers of the Project
and to unify the control at the district level were of no avail. The
Foundation's funds enabled the Gandhigram Institute to pursue the
project objectives but the failure of the Tamil Nadu Government to play
their role led to the premature closure of Phase II of the project and
non-fulfilment of project objectives.
PROJECT TITLE Integrated Health Care Delivery including Family Planning was Com-
munity Participation
Date of
Commencement
Phase I : 1972
Phase II : 1978
Phase I . December 1972
Phase: II November 1978
Phase I ; 3 years
Phase II : 4 years
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Budget
Amount Disbursed
Rs 1,84,000- December 1972
Rs 4,50,000-November 1978
Rs 1,75,000-December 1981
Rs 1,64,036 from 1972 grant
Rs 5,45,556 from the two grants in 1978 and 198 I.
Objectives
Present Status
To develop a model delivering integrated health care including family
planning services and involving community participation.
The first phase of an experimental project designed to test certain hypo-
thesis, implemented in 22 selected villages of Kawakol block, led to the
development of an action project taken up throughout 151 villages of
Kawakol block. This was started in January 1979 and continued for 4
years. During the project period 1,325 group meetings were held and 85
demonstrations on important health practices to disseminate information
on primary health care and family planning, 1159 men and women under-
went sterilisation and another 2,321 adopted other methods. This was in
addition to wide-ranging changes in environment sanitation, resulting in a
dramatic decline of gastro-intestinal infections and other communicable
disease. Nearly 29,000 patients were treated locally by the trained village
workers-representing
30% of the population of the area. The project
also developed an integrated multi-pathic approach to the treatment of
health problems giving primacy to indigenous remedies were suitable.
The Gram Nirman MandaI is now involved in socio-economic
development work of some scale with Ford Foundation and other funding.
The health and family planning consciousness built through the FPF
project is a part of its thinking. The Village Health Committees continue
to function.
PROJECT TITLE A Pilot Project on Health Welfare and Education with Special Emphasis
on Population Education
Date of
Commencement
(i) September 1975
(ii) October 1979
(iii) January 1981
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Budget
(i) Rs 3,00,000
(ii) Rs 1,00,000
(iii) Rs 3,00,000
Objective~
Present Status
(i) Intensive population education-creating awareness of population
problems;
(ii) providing family planning services through the delivery of medical
care at the doorsteps of people in selected villages.
This project was started in 1976 and was reviewed from time to time by
site visits. This project was also reviewed by the Evaluation Committee
appointed by the Governing Board in September 1978. The project
revealed that all the 25 villages with a population of about 25,000 have
been motivated for adopting a small family norm, mostly through sterilisa-
tion. There was not much evidence of spacing methods having been
adopted in those villages. The Foundation's financial support ceased in
March 1983. Unlike several other projects, it is heartening to note that
the project activities are being continued with the same tempo as hitherto
through the financial support provided by the State Government.
This is a project for identifying and defining the roles and functions of the
community health workers through the development of case studies of
relevant experiences in the field, with special focus on family planning,
followed by a Workshop. This subject is particularly relevant in the
present context where there is a growing disenchantment with the high
technology oriented clinical approach of the health services.
One of the major mechanisms of making health care services more
community-oriented is the identification and involvement of a community
level worker to undertake the more basic part of both health and family
pllinning activities. A number of experimental projects in India, parti-
cularly in the non-governmental sector, have tried to develop just such a
functionary at the grassroot level with varying degrees of success. The
Foundation, therefore, thought it would be worthwhile to compare the
experiments of some of these projects and evolve guidelines for policy.
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Five project experiences of an innovative nature, which recognized the
emerging critical importance of community-oriented health workers or
volunteers in India and aimed at the identification and creation of such
community health workers were selected. These are:
(I) Jamkhed Project in Maharashtra
(2) TiJonia Project near Ajmer in Rajasthan
(3) CASA Project in Palghat, Maharashtra
(4) Raipur Rani Project near Chandigarh
(5) Village Health Care Project in Oddarchatram in Tamil Nadu.
Case studies were prepared on each of the five projects jointly by
the Director of the concerned project and an outside expert on the subject,
who studied the project and spent some time at the project site. These
are process-oriented case studies with accent on various aspects of the
community health worker-selection process, training roles, interaction with
other agencies and effectiveness problems encountered, etc.
A case study has also been prepared on the international experience
in the field, namely "Village Level Health and Family Planning Worker-
An International Perspective." The case studies were reviewed internally
by the staff with the help of Dr J S Gill of the All India Institute of
Medical Sciences. After the preparation and analysis of reports, it was
planned to organize a workshop to discuss each of the case study in depth.
But the workshop was postponed as it was thought necessary to include
the experience of the government's Village Health Worker's scheme in the
deliberations, and to wait and see how it works. Currently this scheme,
is operating for three years, it is the time to look at the whole scheme,
how it is working and what lessons can be learnt from it and see it in
relation to other voluntary efforts that had been made in this direction.
The Foundation has also identified a few more projects for preparing case
studies of an experimental nature in the country. Foundation staff has
also prepared a "Status Report on Community Health Worker Scheme."
All the case studies will be revised and updated with the help of experts
and the concerned Project Directors. Following new Case Studies will be
prepared:
(I) Case Study on Government Experience of cav scheme in a historical
framework.
(2) An Analytical and process-oriented case study of government experi-
ence of CHV scheme.
(3) Case Study by Dr (Mrs) Banoo J Coyaji about her project which is a
unique type of innovative project (Vadu Rural Health Project, Pune,
where P.H.C. is run by a voluntary organisation).
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Once all the Case Studies have been revised and updated and new
reports are prepared, a Workshop will be organised in which all the
reports and their findings will be presented and discussed in the context of
and in relation to the emerging needs of the country within the Govern-
ment framework of the CHVs Scheme. All those who are involved in
policymaking, those involved in action programme, senior field-oriented
staff from the government and leaders from voluntary organisations will
be invited for the Workshop. Practical recommendations for programme
and policy will be brought out as a result of the worker's deliberations.
PROJECT TITLE
(i) First National Conference of Parliamentarians on the Problems of
Population and Development, 1981
(ii) Promoting Family Planning and Population through Parliamen-
tarians
(iii) Travel grant for 5 members of the Indian Association of Parlia-
mentarians for Problems of the Population and Development to
attend the Asian Conference
(iv) Technical Material for State Legislators Conference of IAPPD
Institution
IAPPD, New Delhi
Family Planning Foundation
Date of Sanction
(i) May 1981
(ii) July 1981
(iii) December 1981
(iv) Match 1982
Budget
(i) Rs 50,000 in May 1981 for First National Conference
(ii) Rs 1,50,000 plus Rs 20,000 additional grant for Promoting FP and
Population through Parliamentarians in July 1981
(iii) Rs 40,000 travel grant for 5 delegates of IAPPD in December 1981
(iv) Rs 35,000 for technical materials for State Legislators Conference
of IAPPD in March 1982
Amount Disbursed (i) Rs 49,933
(ii) (Hi) & (iv) Rs 2.12 lakhs from the total sanction of Rs 2.45 lakhs
Objectives
To recreate political commitment to family planning as a national priority.
Promote informed opinion and mobilise parliamentarians to work in this
field.
Present Status
IAPPD is today a major force on the population scene, both nationally
and internationally. Its work has gathered support from several sources
including UNFPA and GOL
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,
PROJECT TITLE Orientation Training of Mukhyasevikas in Health and Family Welfare
Director
Dr L Ramachandran
Institution
Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust, Madurai
District
Date of
Commencement
February 1980
Objectives
Present Status
To develop a traJnlDg that would orient Mukhyasevikas to the family
planning and women's development issues leading to their greater involve-
ment in family planning and better performance in the field.
The demonstration training effort succeeded so well that during implemen-
tation the project was further expanded in its original objectives at the
request of the Government of India, to develop and conduct a course for
Key Trainers of Mukhyasevikas from some northern states and to imple-
ment the training in a pilot area. The Key Trainers course for North
Indian States took place, but while orders were passed- by Tamil Nadu
Government to implement the reorganised role of Mukhyasevikas as
suggested by the training in this project, it could not happen. However,
the training and materials developed during this project have fed into the
thinking and material development undertaken by GOI to revise the role
and functions of this category of workers for a new scheme-DCWRA-
which has been developed by Ministry of Rural Development, as a major
thrust for the work of Mukhyasevikas across the country.
Date of Sanction
Budget
October 1980
May 1981
Rs 28,500
Rs 4,63,700
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Brief Description
By involving the Indian Adult Education Association, a federation of 250
affiliated organisations, it has been sought to develop methodology and
materials for integrating population education into adult education, and
build a strong motivation in the umbrella organisation to spread family plan-
ning concerns through its network. Performance in the three experimental
demonstration projects in Tribal (Orissa), Rural (Haryana) and Urban,
(Rajasthan) areas linking income generating activities with population
education leading to acceptance of family welfare activities have varied.
Orissa and Ajmer projects are suitable for writing up as case studies.
PROJECT TITLE Family Planning Foundation Awards for Various Categories of Family
Planning Communication.
Director
Collaborative Programme of Doordarshan, AIR and Family Planning
Foundation.
Date of Sanction
Budget
October 1980
July 1981
Rs 1,50,000
Rs 2,50,000
Brief Description
The project was designed to enhance efforts for family planning com-
munication and raise the prestige of such work through instituting an
award scheme. It has had a two-phased effort. In the first phase, a
script competition was held in 16 languages that resulted in the prize
winning entries being produced and used by AIR and Doordarshan
respectively. In the second phase, the project attempted to encourage
AIR and Doordarshan to set up a system by which to review and select
their best programme on family planning in the various languages for
awards. Difficulties arose in implementing the scheme on such a scale.
However, AIR has eventually decided to have a single FPF award for the
best family planning programme, within the prestigious Akashvani awards,
and Doordarshan will similarly do so in collaboration with the Ministry
of Health. The project has also led to a realisation on the inadequacy
of present family planning media efforts. The Foundation was subsequ-
ently associated with the Expert Working Group on Software Development
for Doordarshan, besides certain other efforts to bring more creative
approaches to family planning TV and radio communication.
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PROJECT TITLE An Experimental Project for Integrating Population Education for AU
India Handicrafts Board trainees in Carpet Weaving Centres
Brief Description
This project aimed to develop materials and methodology to demonstrate
how the All India Handicrafts Board infrastructure for skill training can
be used for population education and the creation of an atmosphere
conducive to the small family norm. It has developed a curriculum,
teaching materials and methodology for carpet weaving training centres
and demonstrated its use at selected centres in Varanasi area.
PROJECT TITLE Atlas of the Child in India: A Visual Education Project Depicting the
place and importance of Children in Population and Development.
Rs 77,000 October 1979
Rs 25,000 July 1981
The project on the Atlas of the Child earlier funded by the Foundation
was duly completed in J 984 and the 3 volume manuscript received in the
Foundation. In order to disseminate this valuable but fairly voluminous
data providing a comprehensive picture on the situation of the child to the
planners and other critical sectors of the public in need of such material
for charting developmental activities, and also to bring it to the general
public at a more affordable price, the Foundation interacted with
UNICEF and secured an agreement for its advance purchase of 600 copies
for direct dissemination to an appropriate list of institutions and indivi-
duals. Unfortunately, the publishers ran into a number of difficulties
which had to be ironed out at every stage, resulting in an inordinate delay,
first in the printing and then the release of the publication. The release
is now being scheduled at a function to be cohosted by UNICEF, Centre
for Regional Development, JNU and Family Planning Foundation. In
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view of the importance of the publication, the Union Minister of Health
has kindly agreed to release it. UNICEF already has a large number of
anxious enquiries for the book, which is considered to be a pioneering
exercise not only in India, but globally.
To make available comprehensive information on audio-visual materials
on family planning communication for users and media planners.
This catalogue was developed in computerised format by CENDIT and
the project finished by 1984. In view of the tremendous felt need for such
information, Family Planning Foundation decided to publish the catalogue
and disseminate it. Copies of this catalogue have already been made
available to the Prime Minister's secretariat and to the Ministry of Health
Government of India. It is being sent to all state Health departments,
Government of India and to selected Non-Governmental organisations, as
a part of the Foundation's direct communication activities over 1986.
PROJECT TITLE Development of an Innovative Puppet Based Video Serial on Family
Planning (Preparatory grant)
(1) To involve a leading communication institution closely connected
with a minority community in the promotion of communication acti-
vities for family welfare.
(2) To develop successful field tested character prototypes using the
traditional puppet medium within a contemporary frame, i.e. for a
video serial.
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r
discussed with Jamia, was to provide scope for the development and
scripting of a series of programmes that would constitute a serial, with
one pilot fully developed and field tested, ultimately this project ended up
as a one-play exercise. Problems and pressures within the Jamia Millia
Mass Communication Research Centre inordinately delayed the project's
commencement into the final semester of the academic year, thus teles-
coping the time available to the students for working on the project.
However, 30 students participated to survey target groups, identify
problems and suggest approaches to help conceptualise the presentation
which was professionally scripted. The 35-40 minute experimental play
developed is a combination of modern puppets and traditional nautanki
format of dialogues and music. 8 live performances were carried out in
various urban slum and resettlement colonies of Delhi to field-test
audience reactions. The play has been recorded on video cassette which
is in the Foundation library. Although the puppets developed during this
exercise were imaginative, the story content did not break any significant
new ground in presenting family planning communication. Therefore,
further efforts have not been made for using these character prototypes in
a serial, as earlier planned.
PROJECT TITLE Publication Grant: Population Compendium for World Population Con-
ference, 1\\1exicoCity
This publication (people show the way) which was undertaken at the
request of the Government of India for distribution by the Indian Dele-
gation at the International Conference on Population at Mexico City-
1984 was so well received that a second edition was printed and dissemi-
nated widely in NGOs, academics and others working in the family
planning field. Besides, the Ministry of Health requested and received
100 copies for distribution at its Conference of NGOs. A number of
agencies such as the UGCjUNFPA Population Education Project Indian
Adult Education Association, UNICEF, All India Women's Conference
etc. have requested and received copies for distribution at various
seminars organised by them. A Hindi translation of this publication has
also been made and disseminated. The Sikar District authorities in
Rajasthan State have made particular use of the Hindi material.
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Objectives
Progress
To create effective communication materials to build greater awareness
and informed knowledge base in regard to population problems and
commitment towards their solution.
The Foundation collaborated actively with the National Institute of
Design, Ahmedabad, to produce a 15 minute 3 screen audio-visual pre-
sentation using nearly 300 slides. This highlights the criticality of the
population issue within India's development context. It aims to create
greater awareness and sensitivity, not only to the pressures of rising
numbers and how these are impinging on the quality of life in diverse
ways, but also to the stresses that are causing the situation and the
strategies that can help. This audio-visual was prepared in record time
at NID, despite the very difficult law and order situation prevailing in
Ahmedabad at the time, and was first screened at the inaugural function
of the Second National Conference of Parliamentarians held in New Delhi
on May 13th. The audio-visual has been extremely well received.
A special showing was requested and provided to both the Ministry of
Health (where the Minister of State. Health Secretary, Commissioner
Family Welfare and about 30 officials viewed the audio-visual) and the
Planning Commission (where the Vice-Chairman and several members
viewed the audio-visual). Subsequently, the Ministry of Health arranged
for it to be screened at a special dinner that was proposed to be held by
the Prime Minister for about 100 MPs to sensitise them to the importance
of the population issue. Unfortunately, the function was cancelled be-
cause of the tragic assassination of Sant Longowal that day. The hope of
rescheduling such an event remains. Meanwhile, the IAPPD has scheduled
further screenings of the audio-visual at meeting of MPs, MLAs and other
political leaders to be held in UP in Dehra Dun and Varanasi. The
language versions have been prepared-in English and Hindi. The audio-
visual is now being reduced to a single projector arrangement for easier
availability, as also being put on video. Further plans to make the audio-
visual and video tapes available on request to voluntary organisations and
interested groups are on the agenda for 86.
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To develop Software prototypes for use by TV and other non-broadcast
channels relating to 2 categories of motivational materials:
(i) profiling of successful projects that could provide "Inspiration" for
similar work
(ii) information and education for target audiences.
A budget of Rs 3 lakhs for 3 films to be made in the first category and an
agreement in principle to support the development of motivational
materials for target audiences, in collaboration with other appropriate
inst!tutions/agencies. has set off the programme of work in this area in
which the Foundation is making a direct contribution of'its technical
expertise.
One video film of 30 minutes duration has been completed. This
documents the UPASI project in the Nilgiris and other areas where the
plantation sector has brought about radical changes in family-planning
acceptance. Steps to take up the production of the other 2 films have
already been taken. These are expected to be completed in the coming
months. Doordarshan is being approached with the pilots to commit
time for a series. Some alternative channels using these materials have
also been identified and further work to build such a network is on the
agenda. As soon as the Foundation has a set of materials ready for
distribution and dissemination, a more specific plan for use in non-broad-
cast channels will be developed.
Several meetings with ISRO and NID in Ahmedabad have been held to
bring about the involvement of these leading communication institutions in
the development of direct motivational materials of different target groups.
Both organisations have informally given their commitment to provide
facilities, personnel and part of the budget to structure workshops for the
same in the coming months. These will be cooperative exercises with the
Foundation's technical inputs constituting a critical part of the collabora-
tion and the precise plans of work are being drawn up.
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IV. Policy Research and Evaluation
PROJECT TITLE Population Education through Agricultural Institutions-Developing Rule
Definition and Role Commitments of Agricultural Institutions in Popula-
tion Education
Budget
Amount Disbursed
To assess status of population education in agricultural institutions as also
attitude of agricultural scientists to' the subject and develop a concrete
plan of action for its incorporation in ongoing education, research and
extension work.
Implement on a pilot scale in one agricultural institution.
19 institutions in 3 states were surveved and studied. A plan of action
developed and shared at a National Workshop held in Hissar, Haryana
Agricultural University. However, the action part of the project did not
take shape hereafter, despite some efforts by the Foundation.
PROJECT TITLE Developing Programmes of Information, Dissemination, Motivation and
Action in Population and Family Planning
Director
Ms Rami Chhabra
Date of Sanction Phase I: November 1977
Phase II: June 1980
Date of
Commencement
Duration
June 1978
Phase I: 2 years
Phase II: 2 years in June 1980, plus 1 year in 1981 and I year in 1982.
Budget
Rs 3,00,000 in November 1977
Rs 4,40,000 in June 1980
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Phase I: To help re~reate an urgency for family planning work in the
media and amongst critical levels of leadership.
Phase ll: To continue this work, build institutional supports for family
planning communication work and develop experimental projects
to provide models of action.
The project began when the family planning programme was in paralysis
and played a role in the relegitimisation of the issue which has been
recorded and recognised in the minutes of Governing Board and Advisory
Council Meetings from 1978 onwards.
The work of this "project" was integrated into the overall function-
ing of the Foundation from inception, but particularly so from June 1980.
It has, therefore, constituted one section within Foundation, contributing
to its overall activities of project development and monitoring, workshops
and in particular to the promotional role increasingly played by the
Foundation in national and international forums.
However, the following specific projects have been developed, moni-
tored and assisted in operation through the 'project' activities:
I .. "For a Better Future" and general work with parliamentarians.
2. Family Planning Foundation Awards for Various Categories of FP
Communication.
3. Communication Workshop for Developing Materials and Enhancing
Skills of Artists/Photographers and Copywriters Rajastban and
Gujarat States Family Welfare Departments and Directorate of Audio
Visual Publicity.
4. Annotated Resource List of Family Planning Media Materials.
5. Atlas on the Child: A Visual Education Project Depicting The Place
and Importance of the Child in Population and Development.
6. Demonstration Project for Evolving an Effective Role for Grassroot
Child Welfare Workers.
7. Orientation
Training of Mukhyasevikas
in
Health
and
.
Fam. .ily
Planning.
8. Developing an Institutional Base in a Northern State for Reorienta-
tion of Key Women Development Functionaries.
9. Provision of Population Education for AIH~ Trainet:s, at ,Garpet
Weaving Training Centres.
10. Demonstration Action Project in Developing Grassroot, Worker
Leaders: ExPeriment in Leadership Training.
I I. Action Demonstration Project for Integrated Parasite Control and
Family Planning in tlie UNICEF Area Development Programtn'j!:Fn
Trivandrum District.
12. Demonstration Project for Primary Health Care and Family Planning
Services through the Milk Cooperative Infrastructure."
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13. Planning and Development Grant to Stimulate widescale Activity in
one District.
During this period the Programme Director has served on the
following national and international bodies:
Member-Expert Working Group for Software Doordarshan,
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
" -Working Group on Women Development for
Seventh Plan, Planning Commission
" -National Council for Science and Technology Communi-
cation, Department of Science and Technology
83-86
" -Media Advisory Committee, Ministry of Social Welfare 83-86
" -National Committee for Review of Role of Rural
Women, Ministry of Agriculture
1980
" -AIl India Handloom Board
79-81
" -Task Force on Self Employment of Women, Ministry of
Industry
.., -Post Literacy FoHow-up Committee, Ministry of
Education
.~ -Board of Directors: Programme for the Adaptation of
Contraceptive Technology and Programme for Appro-
priate Technology in Health
-Participation in International Consultation of NGOs on
Population Issues, Geneva
Sept' 83
PROJECT TITLE Developing an Institutional Base in a Northern State for Orientation
Training of Key Women Development Functionaries.
Background
The Foundation had an earlier project in Gandhigram for Orientation of
Mukhyasevikas in health and family planning in which neariy 200
Mukhyasevikas from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu received training,
also instructors from some of the Northern States participated and
observed one session. As a direct follow-up of this effort, it was attempted
to duplicate. within a northern State the training carried out by Gandhi-
gram in the South. In view of the keen interest to promote family plan-
ning shown by Rajasthan, this state was picked up for the work. In
consultation with the State Government, the Institute of Community
Development and Panchayals, Udaipur, was identified to undertake the
training, as it is one of the two official institutions of the Rajasthan State
Government conducting training for officers of its development depart-
ments.
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One training programme was conducted in the Institute of Community
Development, Udaipur, with the collaboration of Gandhigram and local
Udaipur institutions and this has been reported upon last year. The
evaluation of the training course given by Gandhigram and other allied
institutions pointed to a critical need for the training to take place, but
also indicated that the Institution of Community Development lacked the
necessary capabilities and cooperative attitude to make the programme
really meaningful. In view of this it was decided to shift the venue for
the next training session. Also in the meanwhile, it was seen that the
Tamil Nadu State Government which has initially been most enthusiastic
about the Mukhyasevika orientation project, did not take the necessary
steps to implement a reorganised work pattern necessary for the training
to be meaningful. This was due to conflicting pressures of other program-
me activities on Mukhyasevikas. From a position that it would ensure
all trained Mukyasevikas to implement the revised work pattern, the
Tamil Nadu State Government moved to a decision to do this in one
district and even this was not implemented.
Besides the doubts raised by these problems, the organisation of
further training programmes in Rajasthan has been deliberately held back
by the Foundation for another reason that the Foundation has been inter-
acting with Rajasthan State Government for a possible role in the UNFPA
project districts. In view of this development it was felt that rather than
train all LNEOs in Rajasthan who then like Tamil Nadu may not receive
the necessary backing to make the modifications in their working pattern-
it would be better to pick up women functionaries within the UNFPA
project districts, ensuring that they have the requisite back-up to apply the
training. It is hoped that work can be taken up in the coming months,
alongside a larger involvement in the project districts.
The Foundation supported the Indian Association of Parliamentarians for
Population and Development in the organisation of its earlier conferences
at the National and State level, providing it with technical assistance and
communication materials for dissemination to promote discussion and
debate. As these materials were found to be useful, a request was made by
the IAPPD to the Foundation, for it to continue support to its work with
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9.7 Page 87 |
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similar technical materials for the other State Conference it proposed to
conduct across the country.
Materials were provided for State Conferences in Karnataka and
Maharashtra during 1981. During 1982 there was only one conference
held by IAPPD in Madhya Pradesh. But a series of conferences are now
scheduled for 1983. As and ~hen further requests are received. further
materials pertaining to the areas will be made available.
Rs. 35.000 (sanctioned in March 1982)
PROJECT TITLE Population Policy-2000 AD-A Study of the Relationship between Popu-
lation and Economic Development
Objectives
Present Status
Over the last few years, there has been a considerable concecn with the
long term implications of the gro~th of India's population on economic
development and the quality of life for its masses. The project seeks to
develop alternative population scenarious and study:
(i) whether it is feasible to bring about a more effective relationship
between economic development and population growth;
(ii) whether it would be possible to meet the minimum needs of the
people at an earlier period;
(iii) whether relationship can be established between high income and
reduction in the rate of population growth.
The publication 'Population and Development' has been brought out by
the Centre for Policy Research. Of the 36 socio-economic variables
studied seven were identified as having significant influence on birth rate:
(i) Effective female literacy, (ii) Crude death rate, (iii) Hospital beds per
1,000 population, (iv) Radios per thousand population, (v) Motor vehicle
per thousand population, (vi) per capita income at current prices, and
l
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implications of various findings, it needs to be further pursued at the
socio-economic variables andrfertility behaviour.
Objectives
Present Status
It was felt a population of one billion in 2000 AD would leave very little
options because of the overall constraint. The Foundation therefore
commissioned this study to bring out the implications of population
growth in India by 2000 AD.
The population 'India's Population-Aspects of Quality and Control' was
brought out in two volumes in 1978 as a FPF/ICSSR book and the project
was closed on 1.4.1978. Based on the material gathered for this book,
more publications were brought out by ICSSR.
(i) The Status of Women: Household and Non-household
(ij) The Status of Women: Literacy and Employment
(iii) Implications of Declining Sex Ratio in India's Population
The book has been widely welcomed for its broad sweep with its
development relevance and serves as an invaluable source of reference.
Budget
106
Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare, Madurai
District.
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9.9 Page 89 |
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r
Amonnt Disbursed
(i) studying the inter-relationships of socio-economic inputs in the family
planning programme in Tamil Nadu; and
(ii) identifying the factors responsible for regional differences in family
planning acceptance.
Work on the project has been completed. The typescript of the report
based on multi-variate analysis of data was received in 1980 and was refer-
red to two experts for comments. But the comments have not been sent
to the Gandhigram Institute and hence a final report is not available.
After completing the project, the Gandhigram Institute sent proposals
for a second phase with part-funding by the Foundation, but this has not
been considered. The data analysed in the report is now obsolete and of
limited use because of the radically changing population scene in Tamil
Nadu, thanks to the potential support to the programme.
Objectives
In 1973, the Foundation commissioned three Studies on Population
Researeh to understand the research that had gone on in India on
behavioural sciences, demography and biomedical research. These have
served the purpose as reference literature. The Advisory Council recom-
mended the recommissioning of the study after a suitable review of the
earlier version not only to update them but to make them more relevant.
Present Status
An expert has been identified for Biomedical Research, but the search is
on for other areas as the authors of the earlier version are not available.
PROJECT TITLE
Director
Population in India's Development-I947-2000, A Recommissioned Study
This would be a combined effort of the Family Planning Foundation,
Registrar-General's Office and the Indian A!:sociation for the Study on
Population (I ASP)
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The project was undertaken especially for the World Population Con-
ference in 1974 held at Bucharest, Romania, and was considered to be
very valuable. The publication was purchased in bulk by the United
Nations for distribution to all the delegates. The Indian delegation had
the advantage of this publication, apart from what the Government
prepared for them. The idea of bringing out the publication was to look
at the whole question of population of India in the context of develop-
mental programmes within an overall policy framework. The Advisory
Council at its meeting held on 28.11.1981. recommended that some of the
studies supported, earlier and/or commissioned by the Foundation be
recommissioned. The idea was to update them and revise them in the
light of current needs. This was one of the projects recommended as it
was considered useful to the Indian delegation participating in the World
Population Conference in 1984.
The objectives of the recommissioning would be to bring out the publi-
cation which would have relevance to the World Population Conference in
1984in Mexico. The publication based on commissioned papers would
need to be revised as to content, form and other aspects, so that it
becomes relevant to the population problems as extent in the eighties.
The Registrar General's Office, IASP and the Foundation have informally
discussed this as a possible joint project. The expenditure on this, as in
previous publication, would be for payment to various authors and also
other supportive work. Forty chapters are expected in the publication.
The whole exercise would be revised in the light of discussions with the
Registrar General's Office and the IASP. The publication would be as
relevant as possible for the time.
In the light of the information interaction that the Foundation had with
the Registrar General of India and the officers of the Indian Association
for the Study of Population, it has been decided to reconceptualise and
revise the design in such a manner that it will confirm to the basic objec-
tive as approved by the Governing Board. At the same time, it would be
relevant and necessary to produce something meaningful for the World
Population Conference. The study would be designed in a rigorous con-
ceptual framework that it subserves the cause of both research and policy
in the country.
Family Planning Foundation, Registrar-General's Office and the Indian
Association for the Study on Population.
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K Sadashivaiah
Chandrakala Dave
Present work is the outcome of the review of various Doctoral and
Master's degree these in the field of Education and Home Science-some
of them are journal articles, papers presented in conferences and some
unpublished reports obtained by personal contact as well.
There are over 59 studies conducted in the field of Population Educa-
tion during the period 1968 and 1980. These studies are classified into
four categories: Exploratory, Curriculum Development, Teaching Metho-
dology and Innovation and Experimentation. Under those categories,
these have been presented as far as possible in a common format. The
studies have been arranged serially and in chronological order of their
submission to the concern university and for publication.
The Governing Board sanctioned a publication grant of Rs. 5,000 for
the study at its meeting held in December 1982 subject to the satisfactory
review by the experts.
Manuscript was sent for review to the two experts and their comments
were received. The manuscript along with the comments of the reviewers
has been sent to the author for revision. The revised manuscript from
the author is still awaited.
The study in an attempt to highlight the considerable knowledge that
exists in the field of sociology, anthropoloy and other social sciences for
strengthening population control and other development programmes in
the field of social development. The selection of the chapters has been
made to bring about the empirical and theoretical understanding of
various concepts of behavioural sciences and explore their application for
population control. The other main purpose of the study is to simplify
and synthesise certain valuable findings extended in research reports
for their value to students, researches, change agents and administrators
so that they can use them effectively for promoting social development
programmes. The themes covered are mostly anthropological and socio-
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logical in nature, they could be relevant to students of psychology and
other social sciences.
A publication grant of Rs 5,000 was sanctioned for the above manu-
script by the Family Planning Foundation in the meeting of its Governing
Board in December 1982.
The study report was sent to two experts in the field of review. One
expert has sent his comments on the study the other has regretted his
inability to review. The manuscript is being sent to another expert for his
comments. As soon as the comments of the reviewer are received, the
same will be forwarded to the author for reviewing the draft of the
manuscript for publication.
PROJECT TITLE Mangadu Study-Socio-Eceonomic Change: A Diachronic Study of
Changes in Contraceptive and Fertility Behaviour and its Socio·cultural
Determinants
This study conducted during 1977-78 is in the nature of a dischronic
study of a village, Mangadu in Tamil Nadu, in which the famous
demographer Dr S Chandrasekher, wrote a series of papers in 1957-1962
based on the data collected in 1956. Though the baseline available
consisted of data on economic infrastructure, vital events and family
planning, the authors have enlarged the scope by including social
structure, culture, health and medical care and socio-economic change in
their contextual relevance to get a clear indication of the demographic
profile including family planning. The attempt was to make the study
more holistic, comprehensive and analytical. The Governing Board
meeting held in December 1982, approved a grant of Rs. 5,000 for publica-
tion of the above study, subject to satisfactory review by experts.
Manuscript was sent to two reviewers for their comments. The Reports
from the reviewers have been received and sent to the author to finalise
the manuscript in light of the comments of the experts. A revised report
from the author is still awaited.
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PROJECT TITLE A Critical Study of Allocation to the Family Planning Programme in
India during 1971-81 with Policy Implications and Construction of Data
Bank on the subject
Brief Description
The concern for Rs 1,000 crores spent on the family planning programme
with no commensurate impact on population growth rate led the Founda-
tion to study the spending pattern of funds in relation to family planning
activities and demographic outcomes. Accordingly, the project objectives
are to design the format of a data bank which will contain information
about expenditure pattern and physical achievements of the programme
and to illustrate the usefulness of the data bank by conducting analysis of
the data stored therein. Under the project, data was collected in
Maharashtra and Gujarat, but the response was feeble from the other
States
PROJECT TITLE Broad-based Research Programme on Infant Mortality and its Interrela-
tionship with Fertility
Budget
Rs 30,000 for preparatory work (for the main research programme, the
IDRC, Canada, has agreed to give Canadian Dollars 2,47,000)
Brief Description
High infant mortality in India has both influenced family planning
adoption and is influenced by it. There has been no comprehensive study
on the multi-dimensional aspects of the infant mortality problem nor on
the int.errelationships between fertility and infant mortality. It is there-
fore intended to have a network of projects which would be implemented
by leading institutions in sociology, demography, health and management.
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PROJECT TITLE I} Study of Population Policies in India
2) Study of Family Planning Implementation Programme
Directors
Dr Ali Baquer, Dr Ramashray Roy, Dr Rajni Kothari, Dr Prodipto Roy
and Dr Bashiruddin Ahmed
Date of Sanction Project No. I: July 1975
Project No. I: November 1977
Budget
Rs 2,70,000
Rs 2,58,800
Amount Disbursed Rs 2,60,274
Rs 2,50,000
Brief Description
The two projects are reported together because of the common conceptual
approach .. The first project is a historical study of population policy and
its implications for family planning programme. The second was designed
to study the experiences of family planning acceptors in 1975-77. A review
of aU available literature and documents pertaining to the first project has
been conducted. Useful data on experiences of those sterilised and non-
sterilised, explanations from officials at aU levels and drawn from different
states and their views on establishing method of participation is reportedly
available.
j According to the Working Group on Population Policy, the task of
reducing fertility to NRR-l is not possible without effective participation ,..•.
of the people in family planning programme. The project therefore .:.
undertook to study how and ~hrough what formal and informal processes
and structures people participate, the level of citizen participation in'
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successful cases and factors behind non-participation. The major
recommendation is that people's participation being not autonomous,
needs to be mobilised as a matter of deliberate policy and that in this task
the best instruments are elected panchayats and voluntary agencies.
based on case studies of the following voluntary agencies; New Delhi
Family Planning Association of India, Gandhigram Institute, Vadu Health
Project, Jamkhed Project, Panchayats in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat,
socio-psychological factors emerge as the causes of non-participation and
apathy.
PROJECT TITLE Socio-Economic Determinants of Age of Female at Marriage and its Effect
on Fertility Behaviour in India
Budget
Rs 28,000 (sanctioned in March 1982)
Amouot Disbursed Rs 28,000
Brief Descriptioo
The 1971-81 decadal growth rate adding about 15 million new-born every
year has caused considerable concern. Fertility control measures, their
identification and interrelationships continue to demand the highest
priority. Age at marriage is one such crucial factor. A need was felt
therefore to design a properly structured population stimulation model
based on a system approach and in a certain time· frame explaining inter-
linkages between age at marriage and socio-economic factors, so as to
evolve optimum strategies and test alternatives. Raising age at marriage
without related key social changes like literacy and education are found
to increase social tensions.
FPF, ESCAP and the Indian Association for the Study of Population
(IASP)
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As part of its work programme the Population Division of ESCAP under-
takes preparation and publication of a series of country monographs in
close collaboration with UNFPA and country experts. The monograph
on India was prepared as a joint collaboration UN (ESCAP), FPF and
IASP. The monograph has been widely distributed internationally and
within the country.
PROJECT TITLE Management of Family Welfare Programme-A Study in Perception
Date of Sanction December 1982
Budget
Rs 5,000
Amount Disbursed Rs 5,000
Brief Description
The study explores perceptions of programme personnel at various levels-
State Family Welfare Bureau, District Family Welfare Bureau, Rural
Welfare Centres and MCR at subcentres of selected PRCs in Andhra
Pradesh and analyses their implication for future policies and programmes.
Suggestions for an open organisation systems approach to improve family
welfare administration and also administration in general are provided.
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V. Conferences, Seminars and Workshops
Bu~get
Rs 90,000
Rs 50,000 (Additional Sanction on 16.3.1983
Amount Disbursed Rs 1,09,432 (up to may 1984)
Objectives
If India has to make a real dent ioto the population problem, there is
critical need to promote spacing methods. Motivation for accepting
spacing methods by younger couples requires techniques and approaches
different from those used for sterilisation. The Foundation, therefore,
organised the Workshop to focus on social aspects, manufacture, market-
ing and IEC and other non-biomedical aspects of pill promotion.
Present Status
The Rapporteur's statement were prepared for inclusion in the report.
A draft declaration was drawn up which is yet to be finalised. The
recommendation regarding concessions in import duty on the steroids
imported was sent to the Government. In order to prepare a compre-
hensive report, the Foundation wanted the authors to revise their paper
in the light of the discussion in the Workshop and also update them. But
barring the foreign authors, there was no response and the progress is
not satisfactory.
PROJECT TITLE International Symposium on Gonadotropins Releasing Hormone in
Control of Fertility and Malignancy
Brief Description
Recent literature shows that Gonadotropins Releasing Hormone has good
potential as a fertility regulating agent in both males and females. A
number of leading laboratories working in this field have developed nasal
spray based on GnRH which has been clinically tested in human females.
The symosium plans to discuss various advancements in this field.
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The Foundation organised a Plenary Session on 17 March 1986 on the
topic "Family Planning-A National Priority-Ethical, Social, Cultural
and Medical Aspects" as a part of the International Conference on Health
Policy Mr J R D Tata, the Chairman, presided over the session. In his
address, Mr Tata exhorted the medical profession and the educational
agencies to display greater commitment, since family planning involves the
total transformation of the 750 million people in the country. Dr K LWig
delivered the key-note address on the topic "Population Explosion and
Health Policy-Ethics and Human Values". The other invited speakers
at the Plenary Session covering different aspects of the sudjects were:
Mr Justice H R Khanna (Ethical and Legal Aspects), Mrs Tara AJi Baig
(Social, Religious and Cultural Aspects), Mrs Avabai Wadia (Voluntary
Efforts), Dr Dipak Bhatia (Role of Medical Profession), and Dr B N
Saxena (Ethical Aspects of New Conteracptive Technologies). Mr V K
Ramabhadran, Director (Evaluation), Family Planning Foundation, who
was the Rapporteur for the Plenary Session, prepared a summary report
on the deliberations at the Plenary Session and has forwarded it to the
organisers of the Conference who are expected to publish the proceedings
of the Conference.
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A. F. FERGUSON & CO.
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
Scindia House, Kasturba Gandhi Marg,
Post Box No. 24, New Delhi
We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of the Family Planning Foundation as on
December 31, 1986 and the Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended on' that date
with the books and records submitted to us and have found them in accordance therewith.
We have obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our
knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit and, in our opinion, the
Balance Sheet and the Income and Expenditure Account set forth a true and fair view of the
state of affairs of the Foundation as on December 31, 1986 and of the excess of Income over
Expenditure for the year then ended respectively, according to the best of our information
and explanations given to us and as per tlie books and records submitted to us.
NEW DELHI,
23 March 1987.
Sdj-
Chartered Accountants
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Previous Year
Rs.
3,00,00,000
67,65,194
67,65,194
1,24,37,210
33,36,633
1,57,73,843
2,25,39,037
1,65,90,562
18,53,552
1,84,44,114
40,94,923
10,61,327
64,197
11,25,524
11,25,524
34,565
95,693
1,30,258
3,53,50,705
LIABILITIES
R,.
Corpus Fund
Society Fund
Grants and Donations as at
December 31, 1985
Add: Received during 1986
Add: Surplus Fund
Balance as at December 31, 1985
Add: Amount transferred during
the year from Income and
Expenditure Account
1,57,73,843
36,47,976
LeIS: Disbursements
Upto December 31, 1985
During 1986
1,84,44,114
10,10,572
I.D.R.C. Project Grant
Balance as at December 31,1985
Add: Interest earned 'thereon
Less: Disbursements during 1986
Creditors and other Pro~isions
Sundry Creditors
Gratuity
BALANCE SHEET
Rs.
67,65,194
1,00,000
68,65,194
Rs.
3,00,00,000
1,94,21,819
2,62,87,013
1,94.54,686
11,25,524
49,671
11,75,195
9,61,039
35,000
1,05,654
68,32,327
2,14,156
1,40,654
3,71,87,137
Notes: Of the entire actual disbursements shown as deducted from the total Society Fund, audited accounts
from grantees for Rs. 25,83,789 (Previous Year Rs. 26,36,896) have yet to be received.
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11.1 Page 101 |
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Previous Year
Rs.
5,79,276
3,23,00,000
11:29,953
4,550
55,022
12,81,904
Fixed Assets (As per Schedule 'A' Annexed)
investments (As per Schedule 'B' Annexed)
Interest Ac:c:rued
Incentives on Iayestment Receivable
Suadry Deposits (As per Schedule 'C' Annexed)
Advances (As per Schedule 'D' Annexed)
Cash and Bank Balance (As per Schedule 'E' Annexed)
8.91.132
3,48.00,000
9,16,723
1,53,500
5,950
30,339
3,89,493
NEW DELHI.
23 March 1987
As per our report of even date attached.
Sd/-
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
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11.2 Page 102 |
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Previoas Year
RI.
Administrative and Operational
Expenses (As per Schedule "F' Annexed)
Excess of Income over Expenditure transferred
to Society Fund Account in the Balance Sheet
Notes: 1. The Executive Director's remuneration for the year amounted to Rs. 1,51,182 (Previous Year
Rs.l,56,806). In addition a sum of Rs. 26,502 has been paid as reimbursement of local travel
expenses (Previous Year provided with a Car and Driver by the Foundation for official and personal
use and recovery of RI. 150 per month was being made for personal use.)
2. All grants received/disbursed during the year are reflected in the Balance Sheet. See note on Balance
Sheet.
3. The provision for gratuity has been made at the rate of half month's salary for each completed year
of service (service period of six months and above has been considered as completed year) in respect
of all employees and not on an actuarial basis.
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11.3 Page 103 |
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Previous Year
Rs.
45,11,167
40,321
Interest
On Fixed Deposits
On Savings Bank Accounts
1,23,250
365
16,155
Incentives on Investment
Miscellaneous Receipts
Profit on Sale of Car
46,34,441
23,861
3,31,250
303
NEW DELHI,
23, March 1987
As per our report of even date attached to the Ba lance Sheet.
Sd/- .
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
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SCHEDULE OF FIXED ASSETS ANNEXED TO AND FORMING PART OF THE BALANCE SHEET
AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1986
Particulars
Land-Leasehold
Furniture, Fixture
and Equipment
Capital Work·in-
Progress~Building
As at
December
31,1985
Rs.
COST
DEPRECIATION
Additions
during
the
year
Rs.
Sales!
Adjust-
ment
during
the year
Rs.
Total
as on
December
31,1986
Rs.
Upto On Sales
December during
31. 1985 the year
Rs.
Rs.
For the
year
Rs.
Total
up to
December
31.,1986
Rs.
WRITTEN DOWN
VALUE
As on
December
31,1986
As 011
December
31,1985
Rs.
Rs.
------~
4,75,023
1,52,416
---
6,27,439
4,75,023
8,543
4,798
13.341
1,22,193
2,74,609
--- --- ---
1,22,193
7,49,632
95,049
23,605 1,18,654
---- ---- --_.- ---
1,03,592
28,403 1,31,995
4,61,682
4,66,480
1,55,955
----
6,17,637
57,367
---
5,23,847
---- ---- ---- ---- --- ----- --- ---
6,27,439 1,22,193
7,49,632 1,03,592
28,403
1,31,995
2,73,495
--_._-
8,91,132
55,429
-----
5,79,276
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SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS ANNEXED TO AND FORMING PART OF THE
BALANCE SHEET AS AT DECEMBER 31,1986
Amount
SI.No.
Name of the Company
I.
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
2.
Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd.
3.
Eharat Ho::avyElectricals Ltd.
4.
Indian Petro Chemicals Corporation Ltd.
5.
Bharat Electronics Ltd.
6.
Indian Telephone Industries Ltd.
1.
Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd.
8.
Mazagon Dock Ltd.
9.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
10.
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
II.
Steel Authority of India Ltd.
12.
Hindustan Zinc Ltd.
13.
Cement Corporation of India Ltd.
14.
Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd.
1986
Rs.
20,00,000
10,00,000
40,00,000
1,00,000
5,00,000
25,00,000
25,00,000
25,00,000
31,00,000
17,00,000
95,00,000
48.00,000
1985
Rs.
25,00,000
10,00,000
55,00,000
1,00,000
5,00,000
25,00,000
25,00,000
25,00,000
25.00,000
25,00,000
26,00,000
17,00,000
30,CO,OOO
23,00,000
3,48,00,000
3,23,00,000
|
|
11.6 Page 106 |
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SCHEDULE OF SUNDRY DEPOSITS ANNEXED TO AND FORMING PART OF THE
BALANCE SHEET AS ON DECEMBER 31,1986
1.
Kiran Gas Service-lOC (Security Deposit for two Cylinders
@ Rs. 475 per cylinder)
1986
Rs.
950
1985
Rs.
950
2.
Mr. V. R. Joharapurkar (Director-Evaluation's Rent
Deposit for two months)
3,600
3.
Shri Prem Sagar Gupta (IDRC Project Director's Rent
Deposit for two months)
5,000
5,950
-----
4,550
|
|
11.7 Page 107 |
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SCHEDULE OF ADVANCES ANNEXED TO AND FORMING PART OF THE
BALANCE SHEET AS ON DECEMBER 31, 1986
1.
Amount recoverable from Staff Salaries
1986
Rs.
22,270
1985
Rs.
38,930
2.
Postal Franking Machine balance
2.028
2,12\\
3.
Prepaid Expenses
6,041
30,339
13,97\\
55,022
------
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|
11.8 Page 108 |
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SCHEDULE OF CASH AND BANK BALANCES ANNEXED TO AND FORMING
PART OF THE BALANCE SHEET AS ON DECEMBER 31, 1986
1986
1985
Rs.
Rs.
On Savings Bank Account with :
(i) Indian Overseas Bank
(ii) Citibank
(iii) Central Bank of India
(iv) IORC Project Account with Indian Overseas Bank
97,259
78,078
78.042
73,034
5,304
11,25,524
|
|
11.9 Page 109 |
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SCHEDULE FORMING PART OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,1986
December
3J, ;l986
Rs.
December
3J. J985
Rs.
Salaries
Dearness Allowance
House Rent Allowance
City Compensatory Allowance
Interim Relief
Other Allowances
Contributory Provident Fund
Family Pension Fund
Adminitstration Charges- EPF
Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme
Gratuity
Medical Expenses
Leave Travel Concession
Children Education Subsidy
Leave Salary Encashment
Ex-gratia Payment
Bonus to Staff
Honorarium and Consultant Fee
Legal Charges
2,52,952
1,71.631
34.607
8,729
18,622
3,162
34,012
1.853
1,668
2,589
32,992
25,005
28,651
8,589
51,838
13,946
8,414
12,600
3,840
2,26,143
2,"4.012
12,588
5.035
8,456
4,287
34,777
1,691
1,618
2.621
40,656
16,781
16,274
5,602
85,174
8,471
18,768
9,900
270 \\
Office Accommodation
Composition Fee
Ground Rent
Residential Accommodation (for Director's-Net after adjusting a
recovery of Rs. 1.750 from the Executive Director-Previous
Year Rs. 2,800.)
1,20,000
15,360
11,296
1,16,425
-----
9,78,781
88.500
15,324
19,988
89,760
9,36,696
|
|
11.10 Page 110 |
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Particulars
Brought forward
Tnvel Expenses :
Executive Director
Other Staff
Consultants, Members, Advisory Council and Advisory Panel
members
Maintenance of Office Executive Director's Car including
RI. Nil Insurance (Previous Year Rs. 420)
Conveyance Expenses
Repairs and Maintenance:
Office
Residence
Electricity and Water
PoStage, Telegram and Telephones
Library (Books and Periodicals)
Printing and Stationery
Printing and Publications
Meetings, Entertainment and Staff Welfare Expenses
Loss by theft
General Expenses
Bank Charges
Audit Fee
Depreciation
December
31,1986
RI.
9,78,781
7,156
9,798
33,231
72,885
29,152
11,553
25,336
41,618
14,848
34,870
14,038
33,442
2,726
42
4,000
28,403
13,41,879
1
December
31,1985
Rs.
9,36,696
1,213
17,338
47,908
17,013
57,059
19,638
8,509
22,099
1,05,636
15,981
26,022
18,101
31,191
198
9,270
·4,000
16,703
,I
13,54,625
|
|
12 Pages 111-120 |
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|
|
12.1 Page 111 |
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|
|
12.2 Page 112 |
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II. DODations (IDdia)
Receipts
Upto
31.11.1985
. 300.00
....:
DariDg
1986
1.00
i) As Fixed Deposits for 3 y~ars
with Public Sector Companies.
ii) As short term Fixed Deposit for
6 months with H.D.F.e.
Expenditure on Establishment
Disbursements for projects sanctioned
Interest/Incentive receipts
Excess oflncome over Expenditure
13.14
10.11
49.90
Sanctions
Less: Disbursements
Yet to be disbursed against grants
I
sanctioned (will be met out of the
}I
current revenues such as interest
on investment and small donations).
212.08
184.44
9.68
10.11
Receipts
Less: Expenditure on Project
Total
300.00
1.00
13.14
10.11
49.90
26.65
221.76
194.55
10.61
9.61
|
|
12.3 Page 113 |
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SUMMARY OF THE BUDGET FOR THE YEAR 1987
(Rupees in lakhs)
Buellet
for
1985
Account Heads
Fortbe Year 1986
Expenditure
Budget
8.07 Pay and Allowances
9.22
11.19
1.00 Establishment Expenses
(Rent, Repairs. Electricity etc.)
2.01
1.96
1.20 Stationery, Postage, Telephone,
General Expenses etc.
0.97
1.48
0.25 Library
0.15
0.18
Trani Expenses:
0.80
i) Staff
")
ii) Members-Advisory
I
Council & Advisory Panels
>-
O.SO
I
0.95
iii) Consultants
J
0.06 Honorarium/Consultation Fee
0.13
0.08
0.15 Entertainment & Meeting Expenses
0.12
0.10
0.04 Audit Fee
11.67
---
0.04
13.14
0.04
15.98
Proposecl
Budget
for 1987
12.57
1.96
1.31
0.18
1.05
0.10
0.10
0.04
17.31
|
|
12.4 Page 114 |
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Sl.
No.
(i) Vol. I
(ii) Vol. II
(iii) Vol. III
Publications Financed by
Price
Rs.
: Behavioural Sciences
: Demography
: Bio-Medical
8. India's Population: Aspects of Quality and Control (two
volumes)
9. Family Planning under the Emergency:
Policy Implications of Incentives and Disincentives
10. Family Planning Communication: A Critique of the
Indian Programme
.
1I. Lectures on Contraceptive Pharmacology (Dr B C Roy Memorial
Lectures)
12. Communication for Social Marketing: A Methodology for
Developing Communication Appeals For Family PlaiUling
Programme
.1
--~_.~-j
|
|
12.5 Page 115 |
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Family Planning Foundation
Prof Udai Pareek &
Dr T V Rao
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.,
12/4 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-I 10001
Mr S P Jain
Prof G P Talwar
Dr Asok Mitra
Prof Ashish Bose
-do-
-do-
Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
5 Daryaganj Ansari Road, New Delhi·llOOO6
Prof P B Desai
Prof J N Sharma (IASP)
Abhinav Publications,
E 37 Hauz Khas, New Delhi·llOOl6
-do-
ProfC N S Nambudri &
Prof Baldev R Sharma
Dr M N Srinivas &
Dr E A Ramaswamy
Dr Surjit Kaur
Sterling Publishers
AB{9 Safdarjang Enclave, New Delhi-IlOOl6
Abhinav Publications
Dr V A Pai Panandiker
R N Bishnoi
o P Sharma
Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi
Radiant Publishers, .'.
.' .
E-155 Kalkaji, New Delhi-l10019
Sumanta Banerji
Radiant Publishe-ril,··
E-155 Kalkaji New Delhi-I 10019
Dr Ranjit Roy Chowdhury
PGI, Chandigarh
Arun and Rajiv Pvt. Ltd., Chandigarh
Prof L R Bhandari,
Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad
Tha Macmillan Company of India Ltd.
'. L··4;<!Zommtiriity Centtci;'N2lraifialndusttia:I'
Area Phase I, Delhi-ll0028
|
|
12.6 Page 116 |
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Sl.
No.
14. Recent Advances in Contraceptive Technology
15. Gonadotropins and Gonadal Function (Proceedings of a
Conference held in 1973)
16. Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in
Eukaryote Cells
17. Use of Non-Human Primate in Bio-Medical Research
18. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Fertility
19. "Demography India" (Biannual Issue Journal
Price
Rs.
85
300
US $59
20
|
|
12.7 Page 117 |
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Dr ME Khan
Operations Research Group, Baroda
Dr K R Laumas, All India Institute
of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Manohar Book Service
2 Ansari Road Daryaganj,
New Delhi-llOOO2
Ankur Publishing House, Uphaar Cinema Bldg.
Green Park Extension, New Delhi-l 10016
Prof M R N Prasad &
Prof T C Anand Kumar
Indian Association for the
Study of Population (IASP)
Asok Mitra
Shekhar Mukherji
Bhaskar D Misra
Ali Asharf
Ruth Simmons
Geoge B Simmons
P D Malgavkar
V A Pai Panandiker
Raven Press, 1140 Avenue of the Americas,
New York-10036, USA
Indian National Science Academy,
I Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-I 10002
S Karger, Basel, USA
Hindustan Publishing Corpn. (India)
C-74 Okhla Industrial Area, Phase I,
New Delhi-I 10020
Popular Prakash an Pvt. Ltd., 35C Tardeo Road
Popular Press Building, Bombay 40034
Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
13/14 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-l 10002
Radiant Publishers,
E·155 Kalkaji, New Delhi-II 00 19
Somaiya Publications Pvt. Ltd.,
172 Mumbai Marathi Grantha Sangrahalaya .
Marg, Dadar Bombay-4oo314
Uppal Publishing House,
3, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-llOOO2
Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
L·IO Green Park Extension. New Delhi·llOO29
|
|
12.8 Page 118 |
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Sl.
No.
29. XXIII Annual Conference of the Association of the
Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India
30. International Symposium and Workshop on Biomedical
Engineering
31. Second Annual Conference of the Federation of the Indian
Societies of Endocrinology
32. An Across the Board Study of UNICEF's Involvement in
Population Activities in India
33. Social Development Aspects of Social Education
34. The Indian College of Allergy and Applied Immunology,
Xth Convention
37. The Mechanism of Action of Some Anti-Fertility Agents
on the Contractility of the Fallopian Tube
38. Family As a Unit of Welfare in National Planning
Proceedings of the Regional Asian Conference held in
New Delhi-17-21 October 1972 i
39. Abstract-Symposium Lectures Fifth International Congress
an Hormonal Steriods, New DeJhi~28 October-4 November
1978,
Price
Rs.
|
|
12.9 Page 119 |
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J{ Sadashivaiah
Chandrakala Dave
P Seshachalam
Dr K N George
Association of School of
Social Work in India
Dr J Behari and
ProfS K Guha
Naveen Mudran Pvt. Ltd.,
6/6, 5th Cross O.T.C. Road, Bangalore
Marwah Publications
8-39, Green Park Extn. New Delhi-16
Indian Institute of Technology and All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Central Drug Research Institute.
Lucknow and K.G's Medical, College Lucknow
Indian College of Allergy and Applied
Immunology Medical College, New Delhi
Department of Physiology, All India Institute
of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-l 10016
Indian Council for Child Welfare.
4 Deen Dayal Upadhaya Marg,
New Delhi-! 10001
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, All India
Institute of Medical Sciences and Indian
Institute of Technology, New Delhi
Indian Council of Social Science Research,
Delhi
Congress Secretariate Vth International
Congress on Hormonal Steroids-All
Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
|
|
12.10 Page 120 |
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Status report by a
Biomedical Study Group
Dr V A Pai Panandiker
Prof P D Malgavkar
Prof Moonis Raza and
Dr Sheel Chand Nuna
Indian Medical Association, IMA House,
Indraprastha House, New Delhi
Centre for Policy Research,
Dharma Marg, Chankyapuri, New Delhi-l 10021
Statesman Press, Connaught Circus,
New Delhi-l 10001
Statesman Press, Connaught Circus,
New Delhi-l 10001
Radiant information Systems,
New Delhi
Statesman Press, Connaught Circus,
New Delhi-II 000 1
|
|
13 Pages 121-130 |
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|
|
13.1 Page 121 |
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Sl.
No.
40. Proceedings of family Planning Programme Strategy
Medical Practitioners-Workshop Seminar
41. Contraceptive Technology: Relevant to Indian
Conditions
42. Research Utilisation, Priorities and Interface and the Role
of Family Planning Foundation
43. ;ncentives and Discentives to Promote Family Planning
45. Diagnostic Study of Population Growth,
Family Planning and Development, 1971-81