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PFI Annual Report 1981 |
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1 Pages 1-10 |
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Family Planning Foundation
Annual Revort 1981
198 Golf Links
New Delhi-ll0003
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Admini.tratlUe O:/Ike
198 Golf·Unks
New DeU1i-llOOOS
, Registered Of/fU
AKASBI)bp BUILDING (5TH .FLOO!l>
BARAKHAlqA ROAD, NEW DEUlI ..n_l
New Delhl
June 1982
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Members of the Family Planning Foundaticm
Members of the Governing Board
Members of the Advisory Council
Members ·of the Advisory Panels
(i) Biomedical and Health ,
(ii) Demonstration and Action Programmes in the
field of Social
(iii) Information, Education and Communieation
Staff
Structure of the Report
Chairman's Report
Executive Director's Report
Index of Ongoing Projects
(i) Health Related Programmes
(ii) Biomedical Research
(iii) Information, Education and Communication
(iv) Policy Research and Evaluation
(v) Marketing, ManaSement and Administration
(vi) Conferences/Seminars/Workshops
List of Completed/Closed Projects
Auditors Report
Balance Sheet
In~me & Expenditure Account
Schedule of. Assets
Donations - Summary
Donations during 1981-
Grants Sanctioned and. Disbursed (Summary)
Details of Fixed Deposits .
Financial Review
Budget and Expenditure
List of Publications
(i)
(Ii)
(iii)
(iv)
. (v)
3
7
14
20
32
48
62
86
~ 100
104
129
130
134
138
139
140
141
142·
143
144
146
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.,1'_ •...•• Members of
~')~ift~1';~
•• M
to.
1. Mr i If D Tata
f'j~H;'H!>{j j
2. Dr Bharat Ram, r.r"I •.•'T.'.l •• f!'J.<;~)fV
3.: Mrs Tara All B8ii H ."'. ~ ~.'"
4. Mr M' V Arunachalam
5. Dr Dipak Bhatia;5'{1;,lSIV'
6. Mr G K Devuajulu
7. Mr S P'Qodrej
1't'iChj j,> 11
8. Dr M SGore
9. Mr Ja.yktishna Hart
10. Mr B M ~itan ,
'1:'f(li?c';l}[
11. Mr Justice GD ~j~'df!'19tij
12. Mrs Yamutai Kirloskal'
13. Mr Arvind N"'Lalbhai
14. Prof Ravi )lfathai
15. Mr A L Mud~
16. Mr H P Nanda
ia~ .,..- 17. Dr "&'[1\\." ~.m-oti! ',,,
18. Dr' KN
19. Mr RaunaqSingh.
20. Dr S S Sidhu
21. Dr D PSinIb
22. Dr L M Singbvi
23. Mr A Sivasailam
24. Mr T T Vaau
25. Mr B G Veqhese
26. Mrs Avabai B W.adia
27. Dr K L Wia
28. Prof J C Kavoori
'. ~
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1: Mr J R D Tata
2. Dr aharat Ram
3. Mr M V Anmachalam
4. Mrs, Tera All 'Bais
5. Dr Dipak Bhatia
6. Mr S P Godrej
7. Mr JusticeG D Khosla
8. Mr Arvind N Lalbhai
9. Mr A L Mudaliar
10. Mr H P Nanda
11. Dr SS Sidhu
12.' Dr D P Singh
13. Mr A Sivasailam
14. Mr B G Verghese
15. Mrs Avabai B Wadia
16. Dr. K- L Wig
17. Prof J C Kavoori
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Metn~r
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member and ExeeutiveDirector.
FPF
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.
Members of the Adv~ry CoUJaeil,
~:g~~~C;~~diseshiah
~f
3. Mr As~k Chatterjee
4. Mr J S Baijal
5. Dr (Mrs) Banoo Coyaji
6. Prof P B Desai
7. Dr P N V Kurup
8. Dr Lotika Sarkar
9. Dr (Mrs) Madhuri R Shah
10. Dr S -MMarwah
11 j.Dr T N Madan
12. Mr P Padmanabha
13. Dr V APai Panandiker
14.. Dr V Ramalingaswami
15. Dr Rameshwar Sharma
16. Dr A V Shanmugam
17. Prof G P Talwar
18. Dr V S Vyas
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••••~•l•• [r••~i"~;'"
i. ' Dr ·iom". Nlltld .•
2. ·Dr.Ba.driN S.xeD·,
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t·~Prof::U'.·Pue!tk -
$.Mr B, Chatterjee>
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3. .Dr (N1't) 'VElil!!U.'.~
4S..JbProfG•BNSSP"a'"t'atdt
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Prof J C Kavuori
Commodore C Mehta ·AV$M
Dr B K Anand
Dr P Seshachalam
Mrs Anjali Gbate
.
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Ex~·.~
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Research A~e
A F Ferguson. & Co .
Post Box No 24 I
New Delhi-110001
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.Strueture of the Report
The Annual Report has beeil divided into five parts: the C~'s
report, the Executive Director's report together with brief details of the
ongoing projects financed by the Foundation, List of completed/closed
projects, Accounts and the list of publications.
The Chairman's report is an overview of the population problem in a
frame-work of concern of a forward-looking kind.
.The Executive Director's report, endeavours to describe the nature of
the· Foundation's current efforts in the light of ep1erging population
changes and more particularly the 1981 Census. This is followed by an
index of ongoing projects and a brief. report on each, category-wise. The
categories are as follows :
.
i) Health Related Projects and Programmes
il) Biomedical Research
ill) Information, Education and Communication
iv) Policy Research and Evaluation
v) Marketing, Managetnent and Administration
vi) Conferences/Workshops/Seminars
This is followed by a list of the completed projects,
The accounts section contains the auditor's report, balance sheet,
income and expenditure account, grants made, donations received and
budget for the year 1982.
The last section gives the list of publications supported by the
Foundation.
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I haw great'pleasure mpresentin,Oll behaUof 'the GOverning Board
the EleventhA'nnua1-~port of the 'Family 'PlantrlnlrFoUndation,' marking
the beginning of this organization's second deCade of~e:tiyity in the cause
()f the nation.
IIi the 'yeart.ttlder review the CeMUstesults, .announced in April, finally
it shookJthenltlon out of the stupor mto which had sunk these past years
in relation to the population problt!m. The Census revealed that our
population in March 1981 was 684'million and that it Was growing at the
rate ofabO\\1t lSmiHionannua1:ly .. EarUer"experttproi«tions
had lulled
usinfu the belief that the populatibn woUld be 672 miltion and would be
gt'owing atMly about 12-1/2mil1B:m annually. To my mind, the worri-
some' fact is not so much that· theadual population' tumetl out to be 12
million I'norethanthe projection, but rather the fact ;that the annual
growth rate is so'mueh more than'what-we exPected. "lriihe immediate
frmne, ,this distorts the entil'e persPectIve of sociaJdeveloPtnent put across
by the Sixth Plan. In the long ~ 'itholdsamiDd"'bb:lgling
for'furthermultipHcation.
/
,', .
potential
It is a tragic fact that while half our people live in poverty, deprived
even' of the 'meimlf 'to have two square meals a day, the bUlk of the new
births' takesplaee amongst them. 'In 'theSe cl:rcumstances, ~e act of birth
beeoines, fo:r most, not the startot 'a fife 'of happiness but of misery. Life·s
ereation should be the o'!1tcome'Of careful, consciousdeCi$ion taken in fulU
mature responsibility, 'not a:casual, careless event that just happened.;
Thechild--artd with him or her, therestofsoclety--paySdearly
of imprudent parenthood.
. ' ,,'
.
the price~
III recent months there is h~
eVidence that PUblic concern about
the threatening popUlatiOn pl'Oblem Ms been restored. N;Ot only has the
Prime Mi~ister persOnally ad~e5sed the isSue of family planning on
several occasionshighlightmglts-in'lPortanee to the wellbeing and healtk
of the'natimi but it has beellinclttdedasa prioritymthe 20 Point PrCJ-
. gramme whilePatliamentarians andtegislatOl's from across the political
-parties· have endorsed the need 'to depoHtieise faII1ily 'planning and 1n
work unitedly for its· promotiol1.'lam happy to say that· the FoundatiOil
has .played an important part in "coIltributing' to this national ,renewal of
'COmmitment. . A Statement moved' and ptiblici.ied bY.'t.he Foundation first
elicited the 'support of t~e leadets of 11 politicalparties that set into motion
the political con.sensus of suppOrt fOr' the programme; Similarly, its
.efforts With Parli~arians
has'11elped fit the active promotional work,
of the' Indian A'ssoclatiori of .ParU8fnkn.tarilins for 'Problems .o. f Population
"atidDevelopment, wbLeh" i~"now': UIldertAkingextensWe'statewise cam-
dpaigns; and has rep:resentecfthe collntry'at the·Asian. 'Conference of
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notwithstanding their many drawbacks.
But beyond this, the search for an ideal contraceptive must surely he
the challenge of the 20th century which has been able 10 bring forward
technological solutions in so many areas. There is need for the full force
of biomedical and scientific research to focus on this task. If nations
were to accord it the same primacy in priorities as they have devoted ·to
the conquest of space surely success will not elude for too long. But for
this the same scale of resources and gifted manpower that has gone into
the effort to plant a man on the moon needs to be applied to find a way
to prevent an implant in the womb. The perfect contraceptive readily
acceptable to men and women, needs to be the ultimate gift of the 20th
century that has already harnessed such miracles and wonders of science
in the service of mankind. With its scientific manpower on a par in
calibre with that of the frontier nations of the developed world, India,
itself critically affected by this problem can, and must, take a lead in this
task and in creating global consciousness for such action.
Financial Resources
A few years back we had appointed an EvaluationCommiUee to evaluate
the work of the Foundation and give its broad recommendations for the
future. It had interalia reported that there was considerable scope for
expanding the activities of the Foundation for which there was a need
for a matching set up of financial resources. In our desire to investigate
every possible source of additional funds, we have been in touch with
international organisations genuinely interested in India's efforts for con-
trolling its population growth. The Ford Foundation which had played
a leading part in the creation of our Foundation, gave us, in 1980, a gene-
rous grant of US $ 700,000 to match on a one-to-one basis funds we raised
in India, in addition to their earlier support of US $ 500,000. We shall
continue our efforts for securing financial support froUl international
organisations but clearly our main source of funds must be within our
own country.
I am sorry to say that the result of our efforts at obtaining support
from our own people has been most disappointing. While I am grate-
ful to the very small number of companies which have been giving
donations to the Foundation from time to time, the ~otal donations
received over the last 11 years has amounted, up to today, to only
Rs. 165.6 lakhs.
There is 'also a vast disparity in the regionwise collections as would
be seen from the statement at page 139 of this report. It would seem
that the Indian business and industrial community still do not appreciale
the gravity of the threat .totheir own prosperity or even survival, contain-
ed in the continued excessive growth of our population .. The Foundation
can sustain its activities towards .the stupendous task of controlling the
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growth of population of its country,only with ~thesupport of the business
a.nd bldustrial cominunity in this country. I, therefore, once again appeal
to them for their contribution to the cause of family planning by giving
donations to the Foundation on a regular basis, which are fully deduct-
able for the purpose of assessing taxable income. I can say on behalf of
the Tata Group of Industries, that for years to come, the Tata Group will
continue ~tosupport the Foundation as hither-to.
Accounts
I now present the accounts for the year ended 31st December. 1981,
annexed at page Nos. 127-144. It would be seen therefrom that
during the year under review the Foundation (i) received Rs 14.04 lakhs
as donations; (ii) disbursed Rs 22.90 lakhs as instalment grants for the
ongoing projects; (iii) incurred an expenditure of Rs 8.83 lakhs on promo-
tional activities, monitoring, evaluation and the establishment; and (iv)
earned Rs 29.721akhs as interest.
Budget for the Year 1982
In its 11 years of activities, the Foundation has supported nearly 160
projects across the country, allocating a sum of about Rs 1.78 crores. It
would be seen from the projects described in the report that overall
thrust has been on promoting and supporting relevant and practical
research and demonstrate programme of replicative value. During the
last few years the annual project support was in the range of Rs 20 to
Rs 25~lakhs. During 1981, however as a special case the Foundation
sanctioned grants to the extent of Rs 46.07 lakhs; this was necessitated
due to the need for continuing some of the ongoing projects in the field
of biomedical research to the tune of Rs 12 lakhs.
As in the past, the demand for support from our Foundation continues
to increase, but in the light of our financial resources available with the
'Foundation, we have decided to keep the level of project support at Rs 30
lakhs for the year 1982 and a budget provision has been made accordingly.
Acknowledgements:
The vacancies caused by the retirement of Dr L M Singhvi on comple-
tion of his tenure and Mr Kripa Narain IAS on his retirement from the
Government Service, were filled respectively by Dr D P Singh, former
Vice-Chancellor of Patna University and Dr S S Sidhu lAS, Secretary,
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Our sincere gratitude goes to
Dr L M Singhvi who was a founder member of the Governing Board and
who with his vast experience as an eminent jurist rendered yeoman ser-
vice since the time of setting up the Foundation. We are also gratefUl to
Mr Kripa Narain for his active support, cooperation and advice during his
association with the Foundation, particularly with his background of deep
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involvement in Government's devek>pment and population policies. I take
this'opportunity to welcome Dr D P Singh and Dr S8 Sidhu. They,/I am
sure, would be source of great strength to the Foundation, and we look
forward to their active"participation in· furthering the aims and objectives
of the Foundation.
The Foundation has, as all along in the past,. continued to receive will-
ing and very valuable help and guidance from the members of the Advisory
Council under the able leadership of Dr Malcolm S Adiseshiah, M.P. and
an eminent economist. Their contribution and directions have been of
significant value in developing the "Future Perspectives" for the Founda-
tion. The Foundation is also indebted to the members of the Advisory
Panels, Task Groups and the individual social workers, professional and
scientists. who have always responded to" the Foundation's call for their
adVice and help in developing· new programmes and in the promotional
role of the Foundation.
We are grateful to the various departments of the Government, parti-
cularly to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Mrs Serla
Grewal, the retiring member of the Advisory Council, and Mr J S Baijal,
the new member of the Advisory Council, for their sustained interest,
valuable guidance and full cooperation in promoting the activities of the
I"oundation.
I cannot conclude without expressing my appreciation to the Founda-
tion'/l staff which has continued to discharge its duties with enthusiasm
and dedication.
Conclusion
We are passing through critical years. The task facing the country
is difficult but not impossible and I am confident that with dedication, will
and courage we should be able to rtleet the challenge, for which we· need
to mobilise and harness all possible technical resources to contain the
alarming "growth of popUlation.
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Introduction ,
This brief' report is essentially an attempt at reviewing the work and
role of the Family Planmng Foundation for the past nearly one year, with
focus on some of its special features. The review vis a vis the Report
of the .Chairman preceding the present one; would be partly, gap-filling
and partly elaborative. Rest of the report follows the pattern each year
of trying to giving a bird's eye view of the nature of the projects and the
thrust of the overall work of the Foundation with a stance on the new
and the innovative. This i,s followed by reports on specific projects,
especially the on-going on~. These reports are evaluative in a historical
framework. In the latter, the idea further is to highlight positive. and
promising elemen\\9 for policy. and programme for population and
family planning effort in the country.
1981 Census and After
In the last year's report, a brief mention of the 1981 Census was made.
The reaction of people in general at the time was one of surprise, if not
shock, But in the last one year, this reaction to the Census is giving way
to a sense of concern of a more serious kind. This is, however, not
enoug~,
and a ...
cO,I!~,e~,,'~.t
f I. ~.r.dK~Jea
be", t,ra, n.,sl~~d
ill
tinl.~'oc.cirBit,ti:'l~.t,?',.'
determined purpose
report, the visibility
of a higher and determined purpose is surfacing. While this is welcome,
the perception of how to solve the papulation problem is still fuzzy. For
instance, the relevance' and effectiveness of the infrastructure is ques-
tioned, even a few useful steps have been taken bl.j.ton the whole soft
options continue. Spacing methods so critical for fertility decline have
not yet been introduced seriously, although the need for them is being
articulated. It is part of the current rhetoric. It remains to be seen when
the Population Advisory Council which is being constituted, will make
any significant difference.
The Foundation, in the coming months is planning to undertake a num-
ber of studies arising out of the Census that will provide some clearer
gUidelines for more effective population control measures and help
towards moving in the direction of harder options that are necessary for
solving the population problem.
.
The question the nation has to pose to itself is when some of the deve-
loPing countries, particularly in South East Asia, have been able to
moderate their population growth in 10 to 15 years, why cannot we
as a nation? The nature and intensity of backwardness and other con••
straints of these countries are not any less challenging than our own. Our
political and economic structures are,,firmer, if any.
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Thr~felemenis in the population" ch~ge in' theSe coUtitnes have taken
pla~(l) a politicaICOlnMitment~'~:preParedtp
talt~ difficult deci-
sioils, (2)cI'itical changesiri1the'syiiem.' and infrastructure for providing
SerVices:have been made at the s~tiIhe,
~g
oil :relevant tech-
I1oiogyand (9) local itrltiatNe ahd~unity
'participation hav~ been
brought about, with relentl~ detennination, To tliismay be added the
hastening Mthe critical" element PI r the soclaicbange processes. 'rhese
are vital fot India as welt .TheF0lmdlltion is ~tomotingthese in various
Wilys.T1}~e are not possible withCitrtaspirit of riSk-~king.
)"'"
The Continuing Role of thePoundaifon'
The F'owidation as part of i~ coritintfut~ftole is working at two levels
- (1) trying to analyse and probe mtothe problem of population in all
its coiriplexity and 'also understaridtlie consequences of' rapid population
growth---for their policy uses. It is 'also :tesfln!r•out .thtou.~ its demons-
tration projects the viability and effectiveness 'ofsome6f the promising
ideas and approaches and (2) as pirtOfit$promotiOrtal role it is trying
to activise and strengthen the political will in the 'Country. As part of
this, it is sensitising and galvaniSlngthe'targer systems in and outside
the, Government into mote meaningful action.
Fora BeUerFuture
,
, One of the highlights of the work of the' Foundation waS bringing out
a Statement 'For a BetterFuture'~'refetence to which h8s been made in
the report of the Chairman. ThefStatetnent has been in many ways, a
landmark in the developmental hi~ory of the, country. ",It was probably
the. first ever consensus, on a develbplnental isSue. This consensus with its
de1'rl'andingchallenges artdprocessesneeds to be continued, intensified and
kept alive ina purposivematmer.' .A depoliticlZetlapprt>ach would pro-
duce and provide necessary will fot firm and foreseeing' action. The First
Conference of Parliamentariarts wbOrg8nisedfollowed'oy some confer-
ences of State Legislators. In aU these;' the Foundatibn has not t.o
insignificant a role.
New Projects
Following the recommendations of the .Advisory Council, the Founda-
tion is' iniiiatirtg ·projects of eonsider*ble itnportance. Some of these are
mentioned below: ",.
'
Deterrnihantsof' Declining 'PoP\\Uation: Growth - Rates: This study
be would corniniSs1ohed undei' Billt'&tne technical leader_hip. It will help
'to understand' poputationchanae b~t ·tftn~·in -relation't6various states.
, " - 'The compleXity of t~·phenomellOli.n~'
to" be,1tftderstood in depth.'
," This· proj~'wouldhelt> iri pbneyaspeClS'Of F8milt PlaMmg.
•
, " .Implications of' Infant·-, MCittality' on 'Fertnity"conttoi: This is an
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,,!).~~};ft
"l~.UfFJ9~
rh 'Dej~'F~,~,s~ ~~~i~1~
,~;;.~;JbMring
on ferti~ty.
~J~)A
~cr'Pd inadequate.
1Af.j~i~t}.~~q1b~Ji¥~!.~:9~~
~.,Force is deve-
inn tni, )!;n1 ,. ·'·~,i. ~L~~';~Ws
J'~i~~'/.maY)~i:taken .up by a
,.8~
f,1'f~"§. ~i:ll.,;~:~. ij!,l~iW ~(:tp international
".~'.:'~1~;~l!~:~'~'!1\\
~: .There
_4,;I'~""d,~~,~~~t::~I~J,f~y,~annmg
m the
,u~~'"
~r~~~_~~'~
~~'1,jJ:l3Princi. to support an
annual review of the Family P18nnirigProgrammes. The Foundation as
a private and ind~\\~~tlOn,~de~
,the ~k in a spirit of
~.bjJ.itit. ~,.~~~
f'ld,~~: tJ?e;'~Jk9f '~." highest possible
. :i~~
.•~:~ ';~~.
~ It,JjkctLY,~Q· ~ve,~ider~ble educational
:'~~ll~~~:,~~h~ye~*"an4j,lbe·,;W~r
·;A·~,<lQ.· allocations in
'.\\ ..:i,f:~ .J?l~
~~;~I',p18!)D.~
;wjt~J~~DI1 i~~tility and t};le
,~,qf~'~"""i.··~··).,<
.. " '"
,
,~~'V"
~;~~
1~4ji~~~ti.~~,.
FW. so~ :~nqW' t4,e,.~oundation has
~4 ~~~; ,:~e,.,4>tp:\\~~~.
pjsiJ:l~ves in family
::P~~":i:'~',~~'
tq,~,;wb.Ple, <l\\lemonof incentives
aad disincenti~~: Mfp.. i~f,. ~azalI'd kipd" ,What~ now required
is to bring out. well tmught out approach to this whole question for its
immediate and long-tena impact on ferijlj.~ ~ .4.•ow ,it98ll be integrated
" "mto ..t~lupl~"jefprf
~ ,,FO\\JP~F-O~l isueppointing a Task Force
~ ~ ,~w;e~~,,~r~,~d~~~~iop.to
m.~.some practical
\\ ""r~~~AAU~,~Mf!'P~'.<&n(L~Q~
..wtJ~c d~~.
\\
-;:) ': _ _
-' ,;-;.,-,:" -r<-",?2 f}"1
,i."; _' _ .',: " ',C
".~c~·fe~Ufe.,,;~/.tM,;R~-;9,~i'!1ll'r()ieC4
.'
.':' ,:Jp~;~~,of,~)~.ij.~:l;JQen~ip~
, ,;~'P~~.,,~~~,witb:the;Poordarsh4n
~~Ye1op a project wi*
;W\\d the All India
;)~i:9':;~~IP'~~f~~)~(~
prqar~~,pf,.,Aw~ds ..f~ scripts com-
'~~,,,~
;.('Wj;~~,~"pr,9Q~WP\\ ,.~ei~a.klehmd .~~ project is to
~~ijtNH,nd:,aly~
JM;W(Ul1em,~~.int9:;~y pl,apningcommuni-
cation so that both the media in the co~try .r~~ P9pW.ationconcerns
of innovative and creative kind. The awards are for all the major
languages in the count17. ' The response for ~ oftA~ languages has
,~ .,.'Jeq, .~. ~.,
<;,u.~1~..;~~ .a~.~ve;been
scrutinised
,.~;~~ffl1~Dt"t,~~.::~resw.t~
~~lYImK1e.
The break-
through'in this project is the cooperation ~t; Msr,~brough~ about
~~,~,qpV~~d,
•• MLW~W#h tlJ8,~~¥,I';\\akblgthe initiative.
'j ,;Iii!1_)~~'~~i~
~o.i"*,p,r()3~,i:J\\.·~,~r
b.a.s;l?e,enireportedfrom
i,',,;,;;/tiI,Rtl:~lt~{fPl4t·~~ :,:tMitPP.:'owau~~~~9with
promise of
;j>.~e..jfl~~..l':i
'f~;M~,~;~arPed.;
'~rip. ,~I.,; jChandigarh and
ij;t;j'~"~'~J~,~
~.~
'siT ~Uf.i~~inW)t~~em';o~tt\\,
~ilfR9d:~~p.re:,~ bringing this
~i;J1~geffort.
This
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2.8 Page 18 |
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. is a pi'oneeringeffort and ~~a\\~\\_t.~t
in 'bl'inSiaa
modem sclenceand indigenous sptem,toIether.
As"II]nedy,·menti ••••• 'thi!t B~:.jsrtpt.iftlft!.
'idea of giving
criticabirnpo1'tanoeOlto tIle,~
r8ll1llodlf ~l)',lm
view of the
need .of these-,ja ,tie rural ••••
:imlsiditclutiing~ts;~1tIW.~
''fI*d
,;lIlD*n'1eJ.:cam&JO'iAOJ'UWIcl8"'k. shiospto
on
be
Oral
o)"ga-
, :~;~!
fbells.-on' the.rn_Hb ••• ~, •••••• (~;.itBt!V.alue for policy
, 8Ild;propruxtme ..A fDmHAir .ezett1.:i&;UBi:ler~jQfiamete intensive and
scientifIC~anoe
'onthe;~
•• jiftjectables,dUDs will be simi-
'lariy:studiedL
....·3.,;;.·
r,<· iT',,-
,!I'he~JIllodeom.'pmjeot,ia.Bihar;~(*he:JlusJamilt
.-jects,both on
mt.ated'~
carecMve::aili'tv~tie;l$jda.A of;~*'Bnhave signifi-
cat, elements:·ferfevaJNiJlamg.e; 8lli,,-Uli 19les:(or••lo. cal;~ ·workers. 'The
recommendations would merit ~".tGuemina~y.
r
The Foundation is also helping in the field of family planning in the
i./ " mdustrial sector. Initial work has begUn with Tates in Jamshedpur. This
will be followed shortly in the Faridabad area. .
Evaluation
The Foundation for quite some time has felt the need to strengthen
its evaluation work related to the projects. Some internal exercises are
under way with a view to add It meaningful evaluation and monitoring
dimension to the work of the Foundatiori. One of them is an effective and
relevant evaluation system that is currently being e:volved through
assessment of each of the on-going projects. especially those with pro-
grammes on the ground. This' would involve from the very inception
ensuring evaluation elements in the project design, developing sound
reporting' and review systems,cohducting on the spot evaluation by the
Foundation staff and linking ~leaae of .fin8l1ceWith performance, and
also developing methods of terriiia.al evaluation. The evaluation role will
not only add to the efficiency of the Founduation's work but will also
improve the quality of the projee:ts funded.
Dissemination
. The dissemination role of the work of the Foundation, particular~
ly of ideas and approaches emanating fram the projects of the
Foundation, is being initiated. This will include identifYing material for
publications and reports of the Foundation, especially thole with a poten-
tial for extensive and meaningful disseminati9Dfor different target groups,
and special monographs particuJarly on subjects of topical interest.
Translation of population literature in the regional languages would
become important. These are in the beginning stages and in the corning
months and years this would be an important' function of the FoUndation.
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2.9 Page 19 |
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or· ~
lkqrgflnilatkm . the,. Found,Gtion.
The last ten yeusrof·lthe Foundation have.beea on the whole useful
and effective. The time _come to commence thinking of the future of
.the· Foundation from the organisational point of View, particularly for
. the· next .f•ive years. Against .tPis background, the Foundation will work
out new prioritieS based ,on the evolution and the perspectives based on
the emerging. challenges. .Thi$.' will entail reorganisation of the staff. The
idea is· to make ..the organisational .stance of the Foundation more goal
oriented, productive, efficient and economic. The spirit of the Foundation
h8$ been so far PUl'Suit of innovation, experimentation and commitment.
'Dbese canilotbe lost in .the process of reorgan.isation. Viewed in this
fashian,the futurecoi the· Foundation is likely to be both exciting, chal-
lenging and· rewarding;
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2.10 Page 20 |
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Index ofOngoiq·!»t:ojects
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3 Pages 21-30 |
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3.1 Page 21 |
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1. Integrated Health Care· Delivery
including Family Planning with
Community Participation
2. District ·Development Demonstra-
tionProject in MaduraiDistrict
3. A Pilot Project on Health Welfare and
Education with Special Emphasis on
Population Education
4. Integrated Rural Socio-EconomicPro-
.gramme Linked with Family Planning
5. Family Planning Action Reseirch. Project
in a Rural Setting
6. Action-cum-Research Project on Dif-
fei'~tM..s~ ..,. .ff MfjtC1ic8. L~~~.. -
ti~_,~'O
:JI)f!}
Bearing on Family Planning
7. Vi11~eLevel Health and Family Plan-
ning Workers (Case·Studies)
8. Developing 8 Demonstration Project to
Integrate Health and. Family Planning
with Rural"DevelopMent .
9. Integr~tion .of Population Education
and Pro~tiQI1 of Small Family. Norm in
Rural Areas thrOU8hVoluntary Agencies
1
10. A Clinico-ph8rmaeOlQIica1Evalua-
tion of Plant Products Used in
_ Indigenous Sys.te~ of Medicine
for Fertility' Regulation
U. ~velopmentof Anti-Prell1ancy
Vaccine and Pregnancy Testing
Kit
:Amount
Sanctioned
Rs.
1,84,000
4,50,000
1,75,000
3,~0,000
3,00,000
1,00,000
3,00,000
2,70,000
5,00,000
12,500
2,00,000
4,35,000*
1,50,000**
. .2.70,000*
5,00,000
25,000
2,00,000
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3.2 Page 22 |
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Principal Investigatorl
Pr.o/t;t;f, /Jireetoy
: ,":t~p-'r'--t '..{
."it; >:rr (!~:H:4:J";}{{'I fihlnuJ-I b{.tr~\\ ?
GraInii~iM~;}(::~ra,
Bihar.
-<'HS:'R~'''!
Dr· F~rooq Abdullah, M.P.
Dr E B Sundaram
The Naujhil IntegratedRural Pro~
38
i,·"T··Pffjr :Halth<.~Optitettt)~etY,
Math\\lra, tr.ariHh9"f tu ;'1'1~Gt)J
Dr ';(Mrs) PramilaDavid jjO.i1£:;;jf~i~ri.t:P& [~~fJI~F~~,
39
(I- rILl ,·jlly~_
~1":iJa.fi.l(·
Commissionedby FPF
In collaborattt6f5Wtur'i ~'te
of
41
q"i;i, .i"'U'l.\\~a~~1m~~tlt¥
Vigyan Shiltsha Kendra (VS~),
Banthi 'UrP;,9trrd)
•hI',
.. , i"
. , ::
;t~it"'t
.eVokaitwyf)r~cies
I ;iibr ...r •••• )f'~l~.'JG(~D),
:-r_~~·_Hltin' f. 'H11 'fHL'!~) i~::'';jC
~:s:·
**ProfN R Moudgal
Prdf'dp Talwar
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3.3 Page 23 |
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SI.
No.
12. Mechanisms of Secretion of
Choriono-gonadotropins in Pregnant
Monkeys and Human Placental Tissue Cultures
13. Studies of Carrier Proteins .for .
Water Soltd:»,e:Vittminsin
Pregnancy
14. Mechanism of Implantation and
Pre.,.Implantation. ¥.vents
15. Male Antifertility Agents in lJuman
8lld Sub-b\\U11an~tes
16.. ~ol)tr~eption' .@r •¥'d~s:'t"Studies
..
,.-
17. Study. of '~Iniectab1es" fQr Long-Term
Control of Fertility
18. ~velopinent, EvaluaU~n and Application
of a Radio-Re(ieptor Te$ for HeG/LH in
.Fi!rtiUty ReBula~
III Information, Education .anel Communication
19. Statement For a Better Future
20. Promoting Family· Planning and Population
through Parliamentarians
21. First National Confer~ce' of
Parliamentarians on the Problems of
,',Populatipn mld .Develop.rnen.t-'-1981
. 22. Travel Grant for 5 members of the
Indian Association of Parliamentarians
for Problems of Population and Development
--to attend the Asian Conference on
Population at Beijing, China
2Z. Technical' materials for State Legislators
Conference ()f IAPPD
24. Family .'Plamiins FOundation Awards for
Various Cate~ories 'OfFanlily
Planning Communil:a'tion Sponsored by
Family Planning Foundation
Amount
Sanctioned
R,.
2,40,000
2,00,000
80,000
2,00,000
3,75,000
25,000
1,90,000
3,00,000
2,00,000
3,15,000
1,00,000
5,000
95,000
3,00,000
50,000
1,50,000
20,000
50,000
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3.4 Page 24 |
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Principal Investigatorl
Project Director
Prof N R Moudgal
Dr A Jagannadha Rao
Prof S K Manchanda
Dr (Mrs) Jayshree sengupta
Prof Somnath Roy
Dr (Mrs) Sudha Chatterjee
Prof .P Govindarajul\\1
Indian Institute ,ofScienc~:Bangalore.
All India InsUttq.e of Medical Scien-
ces, ..New Denn.
(National Institute. of Health and
Family Welfare, New Delhi.
Department, of Endocrinology, Post:-
graduate lnstitu~ of .;easic M~ical
Sciences. Madras.
Commissioned' by FaIPily, ·Planning
Foundation.
T N ~,Col1.,
Bombay - and
AU India Inst;itute of Medical-Scien-
ces, New Delhi.
Family Planning' Foundation.
Indian A$o(:i.atioJl.of ';par~ent"
rians for Problems of Population
and Development (IAPPD).
Indian .A.s.soqatio~ .ofparUam.ent8-
rians f()1'Prop~ of Population and
Development '(!APPD).
Indian AssociatioJi of Parliamenta-
rians for Problems of Population and
Development (IAPPD).
Indian' A.ssoOiatfun· of Parliamenta-
rians for Problems' of Population and
De-velopment (IAPPD).
Collaborative Programme of AIR,
Doordarshan and Family Planning
Found.nion.
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3.5 Page 25 |
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Sl.
.,,' AlIlount
No.
S«nctioned
Rs.
2S. ';'A ~ratibnlAetitilft'LPmjeet
in Developing'
. Grassroot Worker--Leaders: Experiment in'
Leadership Training , ' '
2~t ·Actt<m~ratien
'Project for Integrated
Parasite Control and Family Planning Services
in UNICEF-assisted Area' Development Programme
'c;'x1i\\ TrivandrtihFDHftnet. '
.
27. A Demonstration fPrOiect',ftir"·Evolvin~tf&l.·:EftE!Ctiv~,
Role for Grassl:OOt Child Welfare Workers in
Fariiil~ip~ift:~
Urban "Slum/Rural area
; ;i
~,/"-~-,;.,;
-
.<
" :,Ii ~
;-:"..
,...;
~&. 'A. ·•D. e!fteft~'Prtijet!tt:ofLRebrganising
tHe' ",
'Boleof'AnI~Wotlie1'S'
for the Total Welfare
of the Commun;tY.f;~eri(J··'.bY:theICDS scheme
!9!'·AtIas c:mi.'CJti1d1iW'lftdia:'A Visual Education
Project Depictintlthe'Piie@'and Importance of
Cbild* iJt}.~tiQWj8ndDevelopment
,i;'
-"
3O'/·AnnotatM Reso~J?isf 'oflFatnily Planning Media
Materials
.ti
31. An Experimental Project for Integrating Population
Education for All. India Handicraft Board Trainees
in ell~>~'viif~tltres:' " ,
32~il"~;
~>6t.
Mukhyasevikas in Health
;k)!~ij':'P.anffiy "Welfare':! '10:,,(
•
«(}({~--:~j~I) ;r-F:;.;.11"1<;l9\\,/:.;.(J ,~
~.'J~lf)~'J
ariHfnit.rt\\1~Il~tL:&lse in a Northern.
!,':fi,~8t~ffM"O!'t~i'Tr'iifNhg
Q1 Key Women
DevelopmeM:'-l~i~~".'.:,·
.
~Ysttld1;'Grdtip ijW'$lxl't:VFivEf Y¢ar Plan
i}:(~':_-:;'-;).:_;c·:"
:-, ~";.rn3ido-.f:i ''lot- ,;.:.';',i:",L.
'92;000
20,000
77,000
25,000
51,200
5,000
93,000
93,700
35. Demonstration Project for Primary Health Care and
Family Plannin. Services Throu..h -the Milk
;:~:I"'~i~;~~ittel;'d'''L
36. Experimental Project l~;:PopulationEducation
with Adult Education
28,500
4,63,700
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3.6 Page 26 |
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PFinci.pal lnveatigatorl
ProjectJlirector
--M-r-S--'J-ay-~-A-r-un-a,Chalam. ----W-qr-~-:W-9-"~-s-;~-1i-or-~;-,~-tu-:"---- 68
Project Director
Area Development
Programme,
Trivandrum District
Dr Paul Cho~
.• ,>/.
"ih •..•.. " ,.
.
.and. ~~. Collaborativ~~r~W1
SUite U. '.N. I,.CEF, "-" Govt. \\' ~::.;,.-."~ " ',' '. " "',".. ..,.- -:", .,. ,'.'> '-'.
Natimlal'~t~
of..Child ~yelop-
ment and PUbli~,:¢!XlPtir~tiOINf,e' w
Delhi."
College 'of ·.SOdai dW-m'k;,.ayditnbad
Ms ~khila Ghosh
Ms Krishna Das
Prog C P Goyal
Under the Chairmanship of
Dr Malcolm S Adiseshaiah
Mr Amrik Smgh
Managmg Director
Guru Milk Union
&
Dr Singla, President
Indian Medical
ASsociation,
Bhatinda District
Mr J D Sharma
ProfS R Mohsini
Centre for .jRes1op.al ~velopnent,
Jawaharlal Nehru',University, New
Delhi;
Centre for .,;Qeve~t .of Ins'truc-
tiooal Tedmelogy-,.-,New .Delhi.,
. Varanasi School of Social ,Work,
Varll18Si.
G~~tu~of
Rural Health
and Family )Velf4\\re.Trust, Madurai
District. '
Institute' of' Communi1:q.Develop-
ment, UdaipW.
S~redby
dation. "
-Ji'atnily,IanniD&FoUl1~
Guru .lIilk •\\•1.00 .in.• Col1a~.tion
with Indian Medical. Aasociation,
BhatmdL
.
indi~ Adl\\4Edw:atiolh,~tion,
(lAEA).
.
' .. -, "
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3.7 Page 27 |
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Sl.
Amount
No.
Sanction~d
Rs.
37. Population EduCatiOn through Agricultural
Institutions-Developing" Role Definition and
Role Commitments of Agriculture Institutions
iIi Population Education
38. Plahnfug and Preparatory Grant for Making Films
on Family Planning
39. Dev:eloping Programmes of Information,
DiSsemination" Motivation and Action in Population and
Family Planning
3,00,000
4,40,000
IV Poliey•~. h_P4
Evaluati~
40. Task Force on Developing Studies on
Infant Mortality in India and their
Implications on Fertility and
Family Planning
41. Socio-Economic Determinants of Age
of Female at· Marriage and its
Effect on Fertility Behaviour in
"india
42. A Demonstration-cum-Study" Programme
for Family Development (with special
focus on familyplatming) for the
Social Transformation of two Commu-
nities (Rural and Urban) in West
Bengal
43. Study of People's Participation in
Family Planning
44. Research Utilisation· in Population
and Family Planning (Research
Implications' for Policy and .
Programme)
"
45. Study of Population Policies in
India
46. Study of Family Planning Implementation
Programme
.
mentation Programme
47. Changing Family Organisation amona
, KhaSis- and :Garos-A- -Study
48. Population Monograph on India
"'
45,000
·':1::i~.(1:~~'~-x(:""; . t,;;,'
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3.8 Page 28 |
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-P-r-in-c-ipa--'-I-n-l1-e-"-igat-o-r-'------"-----I
Project Director
.n..-.". t-It-u-tl-·o-n--- .....-.•-~--~----P:-'tI{J-e7t1~o.
Har,yan-a Alricultvral University,
_ Hissat'.
Family Planning Foundation.
Family Planning Foundation.
Commissioned by Family Planning
86
Foundation;'.;
Jayaprakash Institute of Social
Change, Calcutta.
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3.9 Page 29 |
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SI.
No.
49.' StUdy on the Stat.". ·of·W()(Xlen and
Its Impact on Population Praetices
50. Developing Population Programme
for North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong
V Marketing, ManageJDeD~a'nd Administration
51. Demonstration Project in
Community Based Distribution (CBD)
of Contraceptive and Community
Based Surgical Services (CBS)
Amount
Scu.tetione4
Rs.
30,000
4,50,000
52. Conference on "Growth Trends of
.Population ·iIl ~.
53. International Silver Jubilee
Conference on Population Policy
Perspectives in ESCAP Region
org$hised by the. International
Institute for Populatiori Studies
54. Workshop on Promotion of Oral Pills
55. Seminar on Population, Poverty
and Hope
15,000
10,000
15,000
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3.10 Page 30 |
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Principal Investigatorl
Project Director
Gandhigtam Institute of Rural Health
and FamilyWelfare Trust, Madurai
North-Eastern Hill University,
Shillong.
Kasturba Medical College Hospital,
Manipal, Kamataka.
Indian Association for the Study of
Population, New Delhi.
International Institute for Popula-
tion Studies, Bombay.
Sponsored by the Family Planning
Foundation.
Sponsored jointly by the Centre for
Policy Research and the Family
Planning Foundation.
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4 Pages 31-40 |
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4.1 Page 31 |
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I. Health Related'PrQSfammes
With an Intrqductor,l N.ot.
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4.2 Page 32 |
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I
The statement of policy on the family welfare programme, announced
by the Government of India, has stressed the strategy for increasing
integration of health, family welfare, and nutrition services at all levels,
and further to secure integration of the' family welfare programme with
other national welfare programmes. The :National Health Policy has
emphasised the intimate link between the family welfare programme
arid the rural health care scheme, to be complementary and deriving
strength from each other, and thus constituting together a significant
step in tackling problems of health and population explosion. The associ-
ation of the people themselves with these schemes is an important
approach towards attainment of total health care and family welfare
and planning.
The Foundation has been giving due importance to this aspect of bring-
ing about implementation and follow-up of family planning programmes
through their integration with comprehensive health care delivery and
other community welfare programmes, to be undertaken with the active
involvement of the community itself. Some projects have been initiated
to develop eXperimental models for action-cum-research-cum-training
programmes of health care delivery including family planning, which
hav~ ..,a, s~ialHt~VitiVe.,,; ch*a~r of taeir own; with emphasis on
developing concepts or 'moaels "wnich will 'help to strengthen and improve
the government's system.
1
Various models of health care delivery including family planning, having
certain innovative characters and concepts, are being experimented with, in
the hope that the lessons derived from these should be helpful for streng-
thening and improving the Government's system of health care-cum-
family welfare and family planning. The str~s is also on develop~g such
health care systems in somewhat bigger areas, covering large sections
of population and further keeping in view that gradually the successful
projects have to become self-supporting with the effortS of the community
itself with some additional support provided by the State or by some
organisation.
Title
Director
\\
Background
Integrated Health Care Delivery including Family Planning with Com-
munity Participation.
Mr Tripurari Sharan, Secretary, Gram Nirman MandaI
~ pilot project aimed to find out the extent to which voluntary orga-
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4.3 Page 33 |
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,
nisations could assum~ the. I"es~bility. foJ;,organisiIlg ~th and family
planning programmes, and t9assesst~ improvement in~mily planning
acceptance whenth~e serVi.f,:es~te intesra~e4 with the h~lth care acti-
vities, '¥Vasunderta)ten by" tb.eGr~ ;Nirman Mandal, Sokhodeora, Bihar
in 1975. qne.ot the imlovatiye dim~gns was the idenWi~tion of volun-
tary health workers from the local :c;Qmmunity.A package programme
OOIlSistingof MCH, .family planitiJlg., andenviron:rnental sanitation, e~c.,
was worked. out. '"
B~ed on the experience gained from this pilot 'project, another com-
;and prehensiveproject was worked out .by the Gram Nirman MandaI for the
peol?le'sparticipation in health
f~y welfare programmes, through
the joint endeavour of th~ di~erent ~Yst~s:of medicine. This project
ptoposal envisageddevel0l>ing for· t~ 'whole ,of the Community Block
integrated health. care seJ;Vices, incl.llding: faJ;llily welfare and family
planning, to be carried out with the' ~iVepartlcipation of the local com-
munity. The knowledge av~i.lable :with. diffe,rent in<j.igepous systems of
medicine locally operating" in.addition ,to,,modepl medicine, is to be uti-
lised for such an integrated health care delivery.
The programme. on this project, is, being carried out through the esta-
blishment of "Village Health CQinmittees" in each village, which are
responsible for the selection of one male and one female (local Dai)
"Village Health Volunteer" in each village. The training of these village
health volunteers, however,is the responsibility of the Gram Nirman
MandaI, and this training programme includespre~entive, promotive, and
rehabilitative
heal, th
care,andheaith
,.
;
.'
.
educ, ation in addition to curative
services. The different types 'Ofhellith care delivery systems such as
allopathy, Homeopathy, Ayurveda, 'linani, 'Naturopathy, etc., already in
operation in the rural areas, are included in, the integrated training of
these village health volunteers. Such an integrated type of health care
delivery for the rural conununity is probably being, attempted for the
first time on this project. The VUlage Health Volunteers also have the
facility for utilisation of the services of locally available' practitioners
of Integrated Medicine, thems~ves suitably trained. Referral services are
also provided through the State's Primary Health Centre complex.
The project .was put into operation with effect from January, 1979.
The detailed t8$k analyses and job specification,s for different categories
. of health workers were defined, and their training programmes, including
training manuals, based on their, job specifications worked out. The train-
ing manuals have been furt1}er improved with· the help of some experts.
The Village H~th Committees have been established., Locally avail-
able Practitioners of. Integrated:Medicine have' been. id~tified and op-
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4.4 Page 34 |
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'm.ti~. An' ori~oft;tramm#eours@'f()r Praetitioners of Inte-
grated Mediclne,amfot~er staff of Grapt NiiTnan MandaI, was held at
the AU Indialnstitute uf Medical Sciences, New Delhi, in November
1m. Experts IdraWn~frtifudifferent speciality interests of medicine pro-
-ri.ded training on.''VarIOUs 8SpeetSof health care delivery and family
'planning methods and prograinmes.
TheVillag'e 'Health Coinhtittees have identified'artd selected male and
female Village Health Volunteer (VHVs)' whO''have been trained, in-
clusiveof 'trammgin preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative health
care; and healtheduelrtjC)fi,m additiol'l to curative services. The tram-
ing:programmes have~held at thegovemment's Field Demonstration
C$tre, 'Rajgir, Where tile' services of State health' authorities could also
,be utilised. A total of"210 Village Health 'Vohmteers-l74 male and 36
female-have been "trained so far, and 'after-being provided medicine
kits, by GNM:; theY 'have 'been, put into, voluntary, service in the villages. -
OUt'of' this total' of '21'0, trained' VHVs, there have been some drop-outs
and only abo'uflOOm' ale ~d·30 female VHVsare-in"aetion at the moment.
The drop-oUts have 'been mainlYdue' to' their'niigration to other areas.
Assessmentand'monitormg Of the fun,ctiotifftgand effectivenessof the
, project have' been carried out' through visits to the area by senior staff
of the Foundation'and some'other experts, and it is noted that the pro-
ject has resultecliria ~nct iInprovem:entin the health care in those
villageS where theVHVs'are already in operation for some months.
, The sanitationsittiatiOIi has shown 'distinct improvement with decrease
,in;diarrh~ldisturb~ces. Infant mortality is gradually ~n decline, with
better' mte-natal serviM ineluding Tetanus' injections provided through
effortS of dais. Vaccinations of child1'en,ate being encouraged. Other
types 'Ofprimaryhealtfrcare is available atdoO:r steps With referral ser-
vices made available by P.I.Ms.
All tlUs has resulted ~'much motivation for family plahning. A num-
ber'ofmales have Uild:~gonevasectomies (voluntary) and many moti-
vated females are' awaitihg ',for state authorities' to arr81'lgefor tubecto-
mies.A recen:t sample' health, survey has been conducted by Gram
Nirtnan MandaI in some of the:villages;
The Village Heal~h Committees are also adopting different methods
of collecting funds from the local communities, and also using different
organisational methods, so that the health care delivery and family
planning services can further be continued through the efforts of the
community itse1f,tH~ gradUally making the Work'of the project self-
suppOrting.
After reviewing thepr&gress of the project dUring its present tenure
of 3',jears; the Foundati6n haS extended ,it for a further period of 1
year, dtning which more V.B.Vs, especially females, required for the
be project Will trained; aDdwlWital'y efforts established so that the work
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on the "project becomes self-suppOrtmg, as early '_', .posslble.
\\
Rs 1,84,000 (Sanctioned ,in "~"llt'1~)
+ RS 4,M,0fJ6 (Sanctioned in Novetn~r' 1978)
+ ~ 1,75,000 (Sanctioned in November lfJ81)
Gram Nirman Mandal,
J
PROJECT NO 2
S~odaya Ashram,
.
.l
SOkhodE!9ra,Bihar
Title
District '~V'elopmerit', Dmlonsttation Pioj~, iit MadurSt' 'District, Tamil
N.adu
'"
'
BaelqJround
' The Gandhigram Institute 'of 'RutalH~lth and Family ,Welfare Trust
has for some 'years been involved m' mtlovatlve'''familyplanning pro-
grammes. It~ action researchprdje«' 'pr6riwting' health ,'~d family plan-
ning in Athoor Block in Madurai DMrict, "covetitig'a' population of
1,20,000 is one such project, in whichbesidE!S,taising the health standards
of the local popUlation in the area;' a' subStantial dec11tie in birth rate
from 43 in 1959 to 27.4 in 1975 was achieved.
On the basis of the AthOOrrnode1tPie Iristititte prepared an aCtion re"'"
search project covering the' entirei Di'rision contaming 10 Blocks, with
a population of 10 lakhs, for demonstrating its replicabi1i~y~~~project
basically attempts at integrated health care m and around the' eXisting
system of a Primary Health Centre and aims to' demonstrate improve-
mentin theex:istmg system ,Of' in1iegtated health carel. including family
planning, through improved trainiDg 'Pri>gtammes.
Progress
The project was put into operation With e~'frorn April, 1978. The
Gandhigram Institute has recruit,ed the required personnel for the pro-
jeet who have beerl further oriettte<ftln'oughslaff meetings, ete. in the
process of planning programmes, specifiCatiOns, teviewand assessment
of the progress Of the project,a'l1<ldthtelopm4mt of 'new records. This
system 'provides adequate information on (1) iDdi\\1idualcases, (ii) family,
(iii) village, (iv) 'programmes,.'andi(v)\\vOPkers. COnsolidation registers
for the use of supetvisors have been' prepared. Diaries arid monthly re-
port forms for different "categOrie&of 'Staff have alSo beert prepared.
Besides these the project has alreadyproVlded orientation training to
traditional birth attendants, school te8che.rs, and' Gramsevikas and
Mukhyasevikas. Out of 30 Madrasangams, 10 have been selected to
energise under the project and bdeliile data ' collected which are being
analysed. The process 'Of evaluati<it,rriOnitoring, andsupetvision has
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cb~ worked out. Action committee· meetings are being organised' at
various levels.
Under the ~ulti-I>urpe;>sehealth workers scheme, as ~visaged by (he
Government pi .TaIPll ~adu, both male ·and female wor.kers were to be
put into operation. So far only female workers b,ave been put in posi-
tion while the Government has recently agreed to put male workers also
in position soon.
..
Some of the difficulties which have manifested with regard to this pro-
ject have been lack of coordination between Gandhigram' and the St~te
Government, particularly in the appointment of officers and their co-
ordination at different levels of importance. and responsibility. The full
cooperation of the medical staff also has not been commg forth with the
result that some of the methods developed for training, management,
and evaluation have not been utilised.
Recently a meeting held between some senior staff members of the
Foundation and. Gandhigram Ins~itu~ with ~nior officials of the Tamil
Nadu State .Government has resulted in removing some of these con-
.straints. It is hoped that further work on this project will be soon under-
taken to bring it to its logical conclusion in about a year's time.
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Fanuly Welfare Trust,
Ambathurai, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Title
A Pilot Project. on Health, Welfare and Educatiqn with Special Emphasis
.on Population Education
Background
/
_ Population Education for the out. of school youth, newly married
couples, or other members of the community, is considered. to be an im-
portant-programme area and has been accepted as a policy by the Gov-
ernment of India. It is, how~ver, believed that unless population educa-
tion is made a part and parcel of the total community health and welfare
programme, it is not likely to have much impact. The basic premise of
the. project is that. family planning as a desirable behaviour would be
more acceptable .to people if it is made part of the general welfare and
development on the one hand, ,and integrated community health on the
o~er.
The project aims to develop acomprebensive programme of health,
family planning and POpulation education, alongwith welfare activities,
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and to assess its impact, both short and long~term, on popular attitudes
and behaviour. The nucleus for organismg' the programme is Shere-
Kashmir Polyclinic, operatmg throUgh two health sub-centres established
in the rural area -for providing health'care de.livery and family planning,
as well as through visits bytlie sub:..centres into the Villages. The project
also collaborates with the Rahbar-i-Sehat programme of the State Gov-
ernment; Using health care as an entrypofrlt these 'Workers, while visit-
ing the rural areas, motivate the villag~rs, especially the younger couples,
through educational programmes directed' to families, and through group
education.
The project was put into operation with effect from 1976 and completed
3 years of its first tenure in the latter part of 1979. Review of the project's
performance carried out in 1979 brought outihe' fact that the project
as implemented so far had only partially-tried to achiev~ its objectives,
as it did not undertake populatioh' educati~m through the delivery of
community health. The project So far had mainly coneentrated on pro-
viding health care and family planning throug}1 the two health sub~centres
established in the rural areas.
Some of the difficulties and c01'lstramts experienced by the Trust in
introducing the subject of population ;education, and family ~lanning,
keeping in view the sensitivity of the area, were brought to the notice
of the Foundation. It was further felt that due to the pilot work slready
carried out on the project, the Trust will now be in a better, position. to
implement the objectives of population education, andbrirtg about ef-
fective family planning by education and motivation through the com-
munity health care programme, fot"which they wouldutilise the Rahbar-
i-Sehat's resources also in the project area.
The project was, therefore, extended for another period of one year
in 1980, with the stipulation that during' the extended tenure it will be
oriented to fulfil the entire objectives, by not only extending the com:-
munity health services into the villages (and not restricting the same to
health sub-centres only), but also by including population education pro-
grammes fot' the rural community, specially out of school youths who~
are going to enter matrimony shortly, or who are recently married, to
be taken up as an integrated Eictivity with the health care delivery.
The project's progress was reviewed 'in January 1981, which brought out
the fact that the staff of the project has been cat-tying out the health care
delivery and population education at the doorsteps in all the villages
and iri addition to providing general health care to the faini.lies, including
: '18rtte~atal and post-natal care and vaccination of the infants, they educate
and motivate the families' for 'th~ adoPtion of d.ifferent types of family
planningmethodsbyt:h:e eligible e6uples. ThE!'ptofect had by then cover-
, ed a 'p(>pulation;ofiilZ,OUO spread «lve'15 vinages:"'dtiring the period
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quite ~1~,.v,~1»e <~
rUd adoPte.dlIOlDe form of family planning
~od, ~4d1nt the ~rtr1inal method of sterilisation by some. Further
tbefeviewQro~o~~.~
~ that asa result of such activities the
.resiJtance to thead.<>ptk>(n)ffami!y p~
was gradually disappearing.
·Keepingthe p~
of the project in vi~w it was further extended
for another peiiod.t:lf two years. ,During this period the activities of the
project are beiN extend~ to more vUlages'and adjoining areas, thus
covering double the nWtlberof families covered So far, by recruiting and
training some more indigenous'local nurse dais. It is also proposed to
hold a comparative survey on the level of success and performance in a
few villages covered by the project, compared with similar performance
in another &roup of viUases in the adjoining .areas which are provided
with the &a,te's bealthcare and family welfare services, so that the ex-
perienCe gair;l,ed.from the performance of the project could then be in-
COJ1)Orate'.idn .the Stat~~$~lth care and fanUlYplanning programme.
It isfurther,J)r,9posed 'f.oh. ~ population education activities in most of
PanchayatslViuiwe'Sro\\1ps/carpet weaving factories.
Rs 3,00,000(Sanctioned in September, 1975)
+Rs 1,OO,OOO(~ed in October, 1979)
+ Rs 3,OOJOOO(~~ionedin January. 1981)
Shere-i-Kashmir National Medical In,stitute Trust, Srinagar
Integrated Rural. So.ci9-~mic
Planning
Programme Linked with Family
Or E B Sundaram
The ,Naujhil. I.ntesra~ ~al Project for Health and Development
(NIRPHAD)$pciety.has been undertaking various programmes/projects
for the ~c
development of the Naujhil Block in the District
of Mathura, U,P.It con41idec;i a baseline survey in 7 Blocks of Mathura
district, '" a re~t .of wNe4 it has .ch~n one Bloc~ for developing an
~~esrated. rl.lJ:alp.roj~ •.;laYingemph~ on the interaction of health and
d~\\,elo~t
,.
.
The Project ~ ~~omic
develoj)ment of Naujhil Block was
~.
in J~~
~t'Z'J;a~r .providmg tl:'ainiJlsto the Village Level
·W'9f~~.(VLWJ)..~,Pl'qgf~,
p~ ~--ecQnPnP~~ve~opment under-
t,akeA~lu~ (i)~~~ureend~ion
s~t\\U'a~; (il) strengthening
,~flP~~drn.(ijJ)
cq~ ~e.s;
(lv) ~onal education and
i~~-'~~'
(v) .he,a1ij) p~~
:wi.th components of immunization,
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water disinfection, nutrition ed~ed
do!DicBll'ry midWtfe1J1.
These programmes have been undertaken by. the. Society '. through ..8
bank loan provided to it:"The"~;isalso
ril1imng"its OWft"''hosPital
clihicin the Bloel.·' It.haSi.riow ~'tt)
U'n&rtabfattiily planning pr<r
gramrnes integrated with its, rutat!&WelOpmem ~,
to demon-
strate the aeceptarlee of' famIlY' p1~:
····basedon·~
interaction of
health and SOCiO~onomie :develbPment.
.
The progranune, is being ·'·condtited 't~
the utilisation of properly
trained local indigenous workers (D8iS);:~'work jh··cloSecollaboration
with'the other Village LeVeIWhrie!-s';{VLWs)lnvolvedtn
the socio-eeo-
nonUC de'9'elOptrtmt PMgl'~:
''BeSides mlkiItlavauilBe family plan-
ning sertices,·;the· fanilly··p1mnin. wotkers also lay stress on, matem~
arld clUld health.
.'
C'
..,
, .With thiS. strategy the' progr~,
is ~·,so··
structUi-ed that, with
the implementation of the soci~on1ic
'prograrri1beis having an
emphaSis '00 heillthand faJnity planDtirfl. alarpnwnbet
of village popul-
ation betweetrth~agesof 15tofB 'tfe~) din be; CC)'ftred by the cafet-
aria method of family plannmg:"''I'b ~
the accePtance for s~
family norm the 'target OOuP1es .'aISO' e.;iposetlttViflimily planning
education.
.
The project started 'functiOnb1g! With efft!Ct'b'mnSepMinber, 1980. The
programme is'be~' conducted ·t~
the-. utiliAtiort'~f 'properly trained
local"m~
'9rorkerstDats}. ··vJhO workinCldBe'COIlatiOration with the
Village Level Woi-kets (VLWs) iiivalvedm the; SOci~omic
develop-
ment programmes. The indigenous dais have been trained after develop-
ing a :ct1rrieutumtor their tnIJ!liDI, .and a1"e being ·utnued in th~'Villages
f-or"~
Prima1'yhealtJi''da~iticl'lidittg 'MCfII"anclidJo making avail-
able' faimly plamnn.g· se:t'Vi~; T9fttereMe 'a~ce''for'''family
planning
norms, the wge1eoUples :aH'8&O .~
•. 'family pltlllming education.
The 'work carried out by ··th4!'tilaiIenouworkerlis'·
'being supervised
bya lady dOCtor wlloa1SO iS~leforr-eferral
services. The Nauj-
bU' Project's >HeaHheeDtre.,pJIMtdlni'SUtaical
OOiAttaceptive services.
The project haS already'made' its! dae' imJ)ad m;~
the health
care and family planning activities lit ;the'r!Ural aHas' covered by the
~~
.'
"
as 2,10,000-.(Sanctioned ,in;.July, '198&)
~he NapJb.u. ~~t~
Society, Mathura, UP
RUJ"~f•.~jeei',~ •.."H~akh'" ~ Development
PROJECT NO 5
Title
. Fanuly' PlrmninSActlon
R.earctt'·Pft>jeot.m'~Rural'settmgs
,"
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Backgr~und
The. Centre for Population Concerns, HyderQbad, has been running an
urbflIl Family Welfai~C:;:entre (Shilpa Clinic) in the city of Hyderabad.
B,esides other contraceptive methods, the Clinic is providing surgical
contraceptive servic~ o~ MTP and sterilisation, in addition to some
gynaecological serviCE!$T;,he Clinic has been financially supported to some
extent by the Govern.ment. The Centre has now . proposed to extend
family planning servi~ into a rural area, with an innovative stance,
based on the assumption that much of the indigent population is becom-
. ing disillus.ioned with bunilyplanning services which' are being provided
to them in an ad-hoc apdfragmented manner; and further the quality
of services being poor. Thus improving delivery of contraceptive services
at the periphery with the back up of the expert services of the family
planning clinic,should make these more acceptable.
The project is being undertaken in rural areas with population of
approximately 00,000. Trained community hetllth workers manily provide
the family Planning services-one CHW to look after population of
approximately 2000; The working of these CHWsis guided, supervised and
supported by2 ANMs, and 2 male extension workers; a doctor provides
guidance~ supervision and other support to these peripheral programmes
Spacing methods of contraception are to be provided at the periphery
in the rural areas, and cases of failure referred to the Clinic for MTP
services. Further, the Q]inic provides the terminal procedure of sterilis-
ation, mainly through, the use of laproscope.
Progress
The project started functioning with effect flom September 1980, and is
being undertaken in rural areas with a totaJ, population of approximately
50,OOo-areas chosen being in Himmatnllgar and Madek Blocks. Some of
the Community Health Workers from amOl}gStthe local communities,
each one. to. cover a papulation of approximately 2,000, have been chosen
and are receiving' contJnuing training at Shilpa Clinic; The working
of CHWs is. gui4ed, sqpervised and supported by the Clinic's ANMs and
extension. workers and,. the referral services are provided through doctors
attached to the clinic.
Initially the lady:CHWs have been mainly able to motivate the women
from the .community to come to the Shilpa Clinic for laproscopic sterilis-
ations. Sub-centres are now proposed to be established in the rural areas
to cater for sPacing methods of contraception, and it is hoped that with
this added facility the· spacing progr~e will .also be strengthened.
Budget:
Rs 5,00,000 (Sanctioned in July, 1980)
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Title
Action-cwn-Research Project on Different Aspects of Medical Termina-
tion of Pregnancy (MTP) Having 'a Bearing on Family Planning
Director
Commissioned by the FamilyPl8l)ning Foundation in Collaboration with
the Government of U.P.
'
Background
The MTP Act which was passed in 1971, and came into operation from
April 1972 has been expected to have a significant incidentllUmpact on the
population parameters in India, though, its primary purpose is to make
abortion m9re easily available on therapeutic grounds. It is estimated
that at the time the Act was passed, some 4 to 6.million illegal abortions
were performed every year in the country, particularly in the rural
areas.
But 3 years after the Act was passed, i.e., at the time that the present
project was first envisaged, it was felt that legal abortion had still not
reached anticipated levels, possibly because (I) adequate facilities were
not available in the more remote a.J:'eas~, d (2) doctors in hospitals were
themselves .not sufficiently motivated to perform abortions.
But our knowledge about the exact factors.that have been contributing
to this large gap between legal and illegal atortions is meagre and the
Foundation felt that it would be worthwhile to commission a study-cum-
action project related to the medical ten:nination of pregnancies.
The main objective of the, project was to study the factors which
influence tlle acceptance of MTPservice.s (and often compel women to
seek illegal abortions) at the District or Taluklevel, and find out if the
Pfovj.sionof .proper equipment can bring about, an improvement in their
level of acceptance.
P.-ogress
The Foundation established a task force to study the MTP problem
from vari01is' angles and ,suggest ways' ()ff~rmu1l1tinga research design.
MTP equipment was provided by the Foundation to 30 centres in UP
and has been in use since then. Meanwhile data is 'being gathered in each
centre within the lawsgo-J'erningtheMTP Act. Additional assistance
for providing para-medical workers as counsellors for abortion seekers,
both before md alter, has· b~n smCtioned.·~,The·· para-social workers
would be analogous to the COIl'lmuntty health Workers but with a
health an.a .family planning functional .,Uamewcrk.·
At the inStance' of .the Government· off UP the research analysis part
of the project was postponed. They are now' l'etldyf01" the same and also
fot<:ontinuink the second phase .~. the project involving' the local para-
social workers;)4eanwhile;the'passage'of, ti~the nuMb~r of abortions
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in each of the centra will have increased in significant numbers. Also,
the Government of UP in the wake of backlash to family planning has
rf;S()rtedtoabortion$;;j.1ha mOJ"econcerted way. This should help to get
data . both ' of a. ~u~t~iiYe and qualitatj,ve·kin<i relevant to our study-
cum':'demon$ration.
Title
Direeter .
'Vill. 'Level .Health! •81tct Family Planning Workers (Case Studies)
¢otnm~ed "bY. the Plmily Planning Foundation
BadrgrouDi
.' 'This is ,a projeet for iientifying and defining the roles and functions
of .the, communit'yh~aIth workers through' the development of case
stUdies of relevant ~ences
in the field, with special focus on family
Plannln.ffifollowM by')' 8i; WOi"lfshoJ>'T,his subjeet·is particularly relevant
in'the preSetilt·corttext 'Where there is a growmg disenchantment with the
high·'teehri0l'OgyOriented :clinical apProach of .the 'health services.
Oneal themajormeehanisrils of making health care services more
community 0rieht~is' the identification andmvolvement of a com-
;mdity'level wOl'ker to 'Undertake the more 'bYie part of both health
and f~ly planning aetivities: A nwnberof experimental projects in
Jhdia~parti<!Ular}yin thenon:"governmental seelOI', have tried to develop
;just stich a ftindtionary Fat the grassrOOt level with varying degrees of
wcees8.'Fhe'Foundation>therefOre, thought it WOUld'be worthwhile to
compare the experiments of some,of theseP!'Oje'etsand evolve guidelines
for policy.
p,~~
Fiv~:moj~;,~~~in,t,be
country with iCoeus'.onthe 'Village Level
·.·•.,e~1!U1My.~
aa4 ~y",planning.worke~
It,.epar..aoe ,rQf, .C8.Ifefi.wlies. These, we-
were identified for the
,,;(1) J~i.pro~.itl,
iMahar.ashtra
,(a) 'nl",;,p:ojtlct,·near., Ajtne.rin Raj~tMn'
,;;;.{3hC'ASA,Pal8bat·
pro-Jettin Mwrashtra
,'0,: (,,):a~ Rai,pmjeet near C~hi,
(5)Villaae·;~altlt"Ca1!e: p,r,ojectin:(l)ddachMram in, Tamil Nadu
.EAcbjc~ ~y..w •. ~
as ajointe1fort by-the Director of the
" '.[U,: ~'PH-j"u88d~
ll!'-,dUtaMexpert·,. "'<isubject.They are pro-
'(,I ,je~ented,~~_.~
,fCleU$01l al;j:_Pec.tsof,the community
j, , .hfleJ6 WQl"_'!-S~,uai1!ling;'
roles."mtel'aetion·' with other agencies,
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effeC:tivateJS;,'-problems seouDtered., •.ete; "
A case "study' has, also been ,~
on ,the" intematiOnaI experience
in 'the field..-namdi "ViUage-"LevellRalth-Family"·PI8mling Worker-
An International' P.erspective.u "
•
Once aU ,the,'case studies', have' been org8Dised,'ita:proposed to hold a
naUODal Warkshop at whi,Ch,theirpftndinlswiUbe.presented
and dis- -
cussed with a view,' tornakingl.practieal
TeCOl'n.IneBdationsfor pro-
gramme' and policy. TheW-orksRoP'wouldbe ''for ,the researchers, field
workers and 'policy makers~
An the initially planhed casestUdie9'have'been
received. The Work-
shop has been pOstponed for the, tithe: ibeiag.as it was, thOUght necessary
to includetheexperienee
of the Goverhment"s;Vil1:age Health Worker
Scheme' in the deliberations,' This. 'now, pperatmg' in 'about one lakh
villages. Moreover the Foundatian,' haS,identified.-ibol"e projects for
preparing case studies of e~al
nature in'the country; It might
also be worthwhile to review the filIdiftgs of Sl>merecent relevant Work-
shops like the IeMR Workshop on Rural Health which was held a few
monthS ago, tc:HAtegrate their1inGtingsillto the Na~ional Workshop.
'All.· the case. st\\JdieS81'!e~beiJ:rg,updated.withthe help of 'an expert. One
more paper' on ,the history and>curtent ,status of the' 'coUntryside is under
preparation. When these are retu:t,; a ',.Workshop ,Will, be "·organised.
r:"'
Rs 60,000 (Sanctioned in JUly19'lti)
The Foundation is 'organising,the P,l'Oject;ineludingtle Workshop
j
Director
Demonstration Project on Health and Family Planning for Integrated
Rural Development
Background
Vigyan Shiksha Kendra is working in Banda (UP), which is one of the
backward districts, to organise and mobilise~,lOrH
development.
With a planning grant of Rs 12,000 provided by the Foundation, Vigyan
,Shiksha,K,endra'. ~tb,)wmeCOtKlueted". survey' Of ;e villageshwitha
-'view to undellStaRd ,the,-,~;-of,the
PeoIJle1,ldeo.tify their causes,
study' their consequences, .and, sugest.aome CliJ 'the!W&p' .and means by
. which the PIlOWerns ,~:be '~
an4r1~:
ClIl~e, particularly
pooreraad 'weaker ,1IeetiClD$;(imp~ ~
1lhe',intenentiOn of VSK.
'The'ypr~",1hus~"
out aima"i8ti:"Ciev.~r.r experimental
model for: soQaI;,__
to ~':iiulGlbe:and!~t
generating
activities. with social service, including health, family,pI_ing, nutrition,
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and education. It further aims at demonstrating that health and family
planning services, comlrined with other extension services, are essential
for the integrated socio,.economic development of the village community.
Health is looked upon as a human condition, which is the responsibility
of the individual, the community, and the Government as a whole, and
that significant changes in health can be possible only through funda-
mental, social and economic changes.
The project is being .carried out in an area covering 25 villages around
a Primary Health Centre. The work is to be taken up in two phases;
phase I covering 10 villages, and phase II another 15-villages. 20 Health
Workers (in teams of 2) are to be trained to undertake this work. The
proj~ will·81so have a doctor for the training of VHWs, plus some
community helpers required for the conduct of the project. In addition,
locally.practising four indigenoUS'practitioners of medicine are to be us~d
as resource persons, Uld their services used both for training, as well
as for >providing referral services.
The project started functioning with effect from June, 1981. A doctor
has been reeruited,and Village Health Workers have beeri selected and
are being trained. It is proposed that in addition to their training arrang-
ed locally, they may also have exposure to some of the well-functioning
rural health projects. Some help from Voluntary Health Services Orga-
nisations is also being obtained.
+ Rs' 12,000 Plant'ling Grant Sanctioned in October 1980)
Rs 2,00,000 (Sanctioned in May 1981)
Title
Dil'eCtor
Backgr,oUDd
Integration of Population Education and Promotion of Small Family
Norm in Rural Areas through Voluntary Agencies
B .Chatterjee
is AVARD, a centrM1'1ational .federation of voluntary agencies work-
ing in 'the field of nital development in India. At present, AVARD func-
tions through a numbe~of itsaftlliated members in different states.
AVARD is devek>ping~ project for the integration of general health care
and family: planning with its other rural development activities, through
trainingandutilisatiufi
of .community health -workers, and further
involvement of tbe)hie~lth staff of the primary health centres and sub-
. centres_
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A planning grant of Rs 5,000 has been sanctioned for AVARD for the
development of such a project. The project proposal is still awaited.
Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development (AVARD)
New Delhi.
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Brief DetiJils ofOtl(l6lng fl'O}ecfs
:5_
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Inspite of extensive biomedical research being carried out all over the
world including India, and the knowledge gained' and the availability of
a number of contraceptive methods, it has still not made its due impact
in our country, especially amongst the rural population, The Foundation,
• therefore, has been actively supporting Biomedical and other allied
researches for developing and making available safe, acceptable and
feasible contraceptive technology, which will have relevance to the
present Indian conditions. As a part of this process, the Foundation is
also supporting basic research in the area of human reproduction, as a
clear knowledge of some of these biological processes is essential for the
application of knowledge concerning different contraceptive methods.
The Foundation attempts to take up those programmes and projects
where it can continue to playa pioneering, innovative, and risk-taking
role, further keeping in view that although it may be difficult to draw a
distinction between applied and basic research, stress be more on pro-
jects having potential of earlier applicability and use. With this in vie\\y,
most of the projects being supported are those involving experimental
work for dev~lopingcontr~ceptive 'technology' based on certain 'con-
cepts' arrived at through some basic and fundamental and financial sup-
is the area whert;! scientists. need full e~uragement and financial sup-
port of a tlexible"nature artd ~where-thE(li'ounflation with its gap-filling
and risk-taking roJe. can COmt.:iln, of course on a selective basis.
Some of these projects are for development of technologies for contra-
ception in females, either through prevention of implantation of the
'fertilised ovum (egg) to the' wall of the uterus, or its early expulsion
from the uterus after implantation. Some of these projects are for
developing contraceptive technologies for the male, through understand-
ing various specific metabolic processes which provide the fertilising
capacity to the sperms during their storage in -the epididymis and
attempting to interfere with these.
The Foundation is also supporting studies on the fertility effects of
some of the indigenous plant products which. folkloric evidence seems to
suggest to have such properties.
A Clinico-Pharmacological Evaluation of Plant Products Used in Indi-
genous Systems of Medicine for Fertility Regulation
I,
Professor V S Mathur
Professor N R Moudgal (for some studies on 'Banjauri')
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Background
. The folkloric evidence and ancient literature mention the use of a
number of plants for unspecified. antifertility activity;· and as aborti-
facients, uterine stimulants,andemmenagogues in women. However,
as yet there is no authentic scientifie evidence, based on animal or
clinical investigations for. the fertility regulating effecrts of any of
these plants. In fact relatively little attention has been devoted t8
explore plant kingdom for this purpose;. this, despite the fact that the
estrogens and progestogens, which' form the basis of most potential
oral contraceptives, were first· isolated . from plants.
Inspite of the previous encourag~ment provided for studies on plants
traditionally used for fertility control, majority' of such studies have
been mostly limited to the testing of extr~ of such plants in
animals. A few trials have also been carried out on human beings.
Such studies, however, have so far drawn blank.
This project has been undertaken· to. scientifically· .evaluate plants
and other indigenous products, reputed, to possess certain antifertility
properties, for theireontraceptive effects. Studies are based on the
rationale that it would be more appropriate to scientifically evaluate
such products by using them in the manner .prescribed by those claim-
ing their' antifertility effects. The studies are carried out in two
phases: pre-clinical studies conducted first on animals -to determine the
toxicity of the product and after the results of these studies have been
reviewed by appropriate experts, controlled clinical trials on human
females undertaken.
Progress
The project started functioning' with effect from January 1979 and
the following plants/herbs/ayurvedicdrugs have been included. in the
plan for investigations on their contraceptive effects:__
(1) Semecarpus Anaeardium
(2) Vieoa,Indica ('Banja-uri')
(3) Daucus Carota seeds
(4) CituUus Colocynthis
(5) Apium Graveolens
(6) Polygonurp Hydropiper
(7) VTPTablets (mixture containing' Embeliaribes, piper longum,
assfoetida and borax)
The Government of India, through the Central Co1JJ1cilfor Research
in Ayurveda and Siddha, has provided funds for setting up 10 beds in the
PGI Hospital,' Chandigarh;" fort~ .-clinical:tJ;i~, and' action has. b~1)
initiated to establish these beds.
.
Detailed techniques for c~,
out toxicity·in ~a1s, including
biochemical, haematological, morphological, and histological have been
established foracuteandsu~l.ltetoxidty
ations.
trials with these: prepar:-:.
,
.,
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;:fto~'toxi.!ttuaiei i.veblen' ieoiD}JleteddMith one. preparation-
,j5eaiale.l'jMls~'Which
is· claimed. to have' abortifacient effects..
r: A1th()ugI't the' abol'ti~t, ,:effects 'were established, detailed haemato-
l' l~f'andtnstologieial;studies
bn·the bone marrow also showed that the
,:~pamiOR produceslitoDc effectsonitsmu,ltiplying:ceJ,ls. It, therefore,
~ot~be 1ISed..~.. CGiI'ti'ac:epti0ftin wom~. It might ,incidentally be
up !mentioried"thaWk~-'this'in'view,the-:PGI,
Chandigarh, is consider-
::' 'ihg'lot.ake
furthet'd'tIdies with this for itsanti-eancer properties.
Toxitltytnudies:oft;·aadmala by the use;of··DJmeus Carota Seeds have
·Nfther: beeI1iJ1itiatec:i,1tesWts obtained so .far show that this is non-
toxie. : - •
Investigatrons have.uo been taken up. to study;both the toxicity, if
tiny, and efteCtiWnft8'6f""Banjauri" {vlC08 lBdiea). This plant has been
used for Some ~iOlli
by Adlvasis in ;Biharas a contraceptive agent,
,: and·.:theGram'Nitman:llarldal at Sokhodeorahas carried out some 'pre-
liminary tnvestigati<JM'-' its:OObtra,ceptive~s.
A recent assessment
made has pi-ovidedtsome prima'faci.eevidenee of its -effectiveness. In-
vestigations 011 16\\Ve1tmimals-for-stUdying any toxic effects of "Banjauri"
have beentindertuen atPGI,Chandigarh; and thesehav~ not shown
anytoxiceftects'. ·.SimultatieouslYI toxicity studies earned out on Bonnet
monkeys have' also shUwDthat the preparation' is non-toXic. Studies are
being undertaken at the jJndian Institute of Seience, Bangalore, to study
the cOntraceptive; eft'ectiveness -of this plant. Female Bonnet monkeys
which have recently delivered, as well as some normally menstruating
monkeys, have been administered "Banjauri" in the form used by Adivasi
population. F~rtilityi studies ar~ Wlderway on those monkeys to deter-
'mine'any contraceptive .effeets··ofthis plant:
Afterrevi~lheePtogress
of the project during its. present tenure
of. 3 years, the Foundation' hu-decided t-o.extend· it for a further period
of 2 years, to complete the:toaelty trialson"the remaining indigenous
products, and undertaking conth'Jl1eddinicaltrials, in women with those
products which are proved to be" non-toXic.. DuriDgthis period, animal
studies on "Banj.uri" will also be COln~ed;atld in the meantime a
good reproductive profile malmiaifted un tholltL\\adies who on their own
are-'usmg :,<1Btl:bjaUriJ'I'M'' e eontraceptivel>UrpDSeS, Controlled clinical
trials will also be undertaken after reviewing .the results of animal
sftitdies::-)
+ Rs 4,3S;OO6(SIlftCti()lHidi1'1' NoveJnber '1978)
.
Rs 1,50-,000 (Sanctioned fJi ihtl11.981,far 4Ilimal stUdt. en "Banjauri")
"fJi:'Rs 2J7~_<(8aDetioMdr.tA;,N~
.-. ," ~
:"',"
'>-' "
;-, " -
.:;
1981)
+. matttUtJbn."~"'poBtgradUate 1Dft~ 'dl':Me&eaIEducationand-.Researeb, Chandigarh
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
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Title
Deve!opmeDtofAnti'!~,)V~and.Pregn8Dey
.Testing Kit
Background
Progress
-
If a vaccine capabl~'of preverd:ine ~
caB'he,developed, which
is reversible and free from side efhcts,itwiU<>bawspecial advantages
of being amenable to··mass :tl8efi not· riquiliing "higRly .trained persohnel,
and likely to be avauableat ,lOW' cost.
The efteotive agents in UnniUllolojicalrnethoIlis;are the ones which are
produced within the body, e~g;;81'1tibodieasnd sensitized cells elicited in
response ~o vaccination,and:tbese'fhliIuir,e tathersmall and infrequent
intake of ,tile inununisingagent,:tbuB~.t~
.'bmty .. from continued
medication,With chemical COJnpounas},!:PHicenta~a "tiSsuIe·-Whichdevelops
as a eonsequen<:eofconception;dt~.vitaLrole
•. the establishment
end maintenance of pregnaney:' It wm,.therefore, be lOgi¢alto attempt
anti•.plae:entalinUnwtdlogical:aPl>l'oad.let foroontrol of ;'fc!rlility.
The prO'ject aims to develop,8vaednewlUch .will induce the produc-
tion ,of antibodies 'against chorio~tr()pin.
','The human chorionogonadotropift.(,HcG);formed, by the' placenta is a
glycoJ)roteinichormone composedoftwo'.subunits. 'the ;alpha subunit of
HeG is nearly,'identical to"that' pretent, in other· 'hormOJle8tih' e, beta sub-
unit imparts to this hormone .the respective' individuality. Though the
" 'biologicalrole of HcG is notfullyknowotit is' a cruelaiTcomponent dur-
ing the first-7 to 9 weeks of hum., pregnan.cyanditntrt'tmization against
HcG,leads to· infertID.tythnmghpro\\tokiDg·. anti~·tesponse based on
the beta submit of lkG,con)qat.edvWitb.Tetanus Toxoid~'
-
,.
.'l'heworkon thisPl'()~,_arteci,in .19!i9 aM'~. been ;making stead,.
progress. TbroQShthe 1m .fewe ~ .the'·protect·na..a)sQ.been supported
by the,lnte1ttlat~·J)eveloJ)mt!bt,,~euea
Gentre, as~.wdl as for some
years by tbe~ldHealtA'()~iNti_;,.&lId
recJ8ntly has received
SllppDnfrolatbe[,~f~lerFouadati03'.;;
.
Trials'Witht~v~OI)eniIMJ&·'
•• ;well •• hu.fnefti'j females have
brought out the following results:
-
i, 'i
i) Animals trials originally conducted with the vaccine gave good re-
sults in producing antibody tl*m'~
HeG, ,S1d further V«Y
Uttle <f(trCl8S r:eactionw;.th L.1l'~;~.~4>~.
OR the ~of
the
methods used animal trials did not show anytoldc;ity.
ii) ~l
tria. eonduetectMl~-,~'wherhad,been
tubecto-
mised or in whom hysterectomy had been done, tended to substanti-
ate lhe.abo1Ve.mentiQJ1ei!_JlJ,t,. ~~
•• aAilJWls, Good rM~Y
resPonses were observed, without any ~le
side-effects.
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ill) However, when clinical trials were conducted on some normal human
females, it was observed that there was a marked variability in the
-immunological responses produced in the respondents. Effective anti-
body concentrations could not be achieved in some women to prevent
conception, while good immunological response was observed in some
others.
Iv) Studies conducted' on baboons appear to provide quite favourable
and, effective results.
v) To achieve the above mentioned desired results, the task before the
project is to evolve ways and means:
a) to improve the tbreshold()f antibody response; and
_b) to' evolve new strategies to combat the. problem of individual
variability in immune response.
For improving the antibody response .an arrangement has been made
with the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, to synthesize some
immuno-potentiating agents-"adjuvants"~which
could be used along
with the vaccine., Sonte such agents are also being developed at the All
India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Some of these have pro-
vided promising results in animal studies, and before these can be used
in human beings, toxicity trials on animals have to be conducted. The
individual variability of immune response mostly depends on genetic
variations amongst individuals in terms of helper response to a given
proteinic epitome. Studies are also being conducted to find out whether
using a "multi-carrier" approach may help to overcome the individual
.variations of immune response.
While these studies on the 'anti-pregnancy vaccine' have been going
on, Professor Talwar has also developed cultures of hybrid ceUs- "hyper-
domas"-by genetically' combining the antibody producing blood cells
with rapidly multiplying bone marrow cells, so that such hybridoma
clones can then OOntinuously produce antibodies in the laboratory; These
are being used for producing antibodies not only against HcG, but also
against certain other reproductive hortnones. This is an important deve-
lopment, not only for -providing HcG antibodies for passive immunisa-
tion, which can proouceearly abortion, antibodies produced against these
have also been utilised f-or developing a simple 'kit' for testing pregnancy
in its early stages.
Rs 5,00,000 (Sanctioned in 1975)
+ Rs -25-,000(Sanctioned in 1978 for Central Drug Research Institute,
Lucknow)
.
+ 'Rs. 2,0l1;OOO(Sanctionedin November 1981 for Pregnancy Testing Kit)
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
"New Delhi.
.
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Title
Director
Background
Mechanism of Secretion of CholionoTg(}lladotropiB~inPJ:;-egnant Monkeys
and Human Placental. 'tissue Cultures,
'
Prof N R Moudgal,
Dr A Jagannadha':Rao
Previous studies have mainly been concentrated on the use of steroids
giv.en orally or by injection, for, plocking ovulatiOP, and thU&..bringing
about contraception. Although such a systemic use of steroids has mostly
been observed to be without much side-effects, still such a Wle'which has
to be extended over long periods changes the normal hormonal patterns
of the female. On the other hand., if ~implantation of the fertilised ovlltn
in the uterus could be avoided through some peripheral mechanisms,
this would bring about eontraceptirn' witAoutpto(1ucing any systemic
changes.
The project. has ,been Wlderta~en,to investigate the mechanism of
secretion of chorionogonadotropm which is essential for. the further main-
tenance of pregnancy so that an attempt can be made to block its secre-
tion. Studies are being undertaken in vivo in the pregnant female bon-
net monkeys, and in vitro through tissue cultures'" ,of .human placental
tissue.
Progress
The project started functioning in April 1979. VarioUs techniques for
assaying the reproductive hormon~jhave been finalised 'and estimations
of chorionogonadotropins and some other hormones in female pregnant
monkeys at differept stages of pregBancy are being carried out. These
involve developing Jl, radio-immun.e assay speci.fi.c for monkey cG; a
radioreceptor assay using 1125•
In the monkeys, unlike, in the humans, the HcG activity can be detect-
ed for only a short duration afterl pregnancy, and the peak is of a muCh
lower magnitude. Further studieshav-e indicated that.placental steroido-
geni~ mech~m isrespons{veto
exogenous chOrioaogonadotropins.
Studies are in progress to look for cG receptors in the placental tissue
and also monitor the biolQgical half life of eG, in monkeys.
Studies carri-edout so far haveshownthatLHRH '(Luteinizing Hor-
mone Releasing Hormone) is ,me of theAactol'S responsible for the
I production of' cG·and sathe use ofLHRH-antagonists could result in the
termination of early pl"egrlaIlcy.:LHRH".antibodies. are. being used to
study their,ne,utralising etfectonrelease oLCG.'
After reviewing the 'PfOsress of the project during- -its present term
of.a years, t~ Foundation-has ,decided to ~ditf~"a
further period
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of 2 Y~L~r<1Jl"~U1e'~.udi.et.,
AlIIId jQ establish tissue cul-
turesof. humanplaeental tissue, not only for studying mechanism of
synthesis of HeG, but also for screening of various sUbstances for block-
ing HeG production. It has "been suggested that these cultures be pre-
,,;;C).'· .••• edfti~Di'; PlfterittdiliUUe obtaihed thtOOSh abortions at early stages
of pregnancy, as Heo~;tJ'IOstIy-ionned'dliring that period.
Rs 2,40,000 (Sanctioned in Nov~~r 1~77)
+ Rs 2,00,000 (Sanctioned in November' 1981)
BaclQrrolmd; ProfAdigahas 'beeAcar~
out work on somespeci1ic carrier-proteins
,lore some of· the ,fat,cnd~!Water soluble vitamins in various biological
sy$tems. These~·intetact
with the respective free vitamins with
.,pl--,. 'a tn. depee '(jf'specUicity;whichenables facilitated transport pf the
'fltaminsacross
apinst concentration gradients.
The project has been undertaken to demonstrate the presence of pro-
teins required for transporting these vitamins to the fetus across the
plaftnta.
'FbeJpresen<le of j·th_~arrier proteins has been demonstrated in some
i·lower: animals; beiAtf ~oally
indUced by esttogen alld their neutrali-
..·.tioilresults irt'earlr'abdrtion, Studies'havenow been undertaken to
',' 'demonstrate :the'.vailabiKt"and,functkmirtg
of, such carrier-proteins in
human females.
P-rotrr- -, .;'.The,;projectSlatMd,f'tJneti()1!lUlg with;'efteet :;fromJanuary, 1981. The
;, j;··18boratiOry,.~al·.studies'
ha\\le' been:earried out in the Indian
;; ;JDstituteofSoieDee",Ban~I'e,while
lheht1rft8n female subjects for
:;thei:JStudiesIhaYe bftni'Pl"O'\\tided .through'the COllaboratiOn of St. Johns
··MEdieaLCoIle. HoIpltall laangalore .
.:'J,." iAS the;am0runt8 of>suehcUrie~-proteins· available in the circulating
. ·bloOd'are "very :mUll, -tlIood: hadW~t:ro1tected from- a large number of
.human~ij(jithat''8uftlcktDt'amo.nf.
of· this ,specific protein could
be'separ8tedi_d1JiWrhtifiedi:ilWther,. ithu'bEMMobfJerved that a large
amount oflhia'pltOteiD ,i$ pr •••• ' in' tll&umbilicat, oord>bkJod. The worker
lIas,.! ;beeft;ableo to e1eIn4IlstNtIlFthe~}bf"
such carrier-proteins in
hUm*nLsUbjeets aIso;)Jand;'t:h.e-jka~beeri sePuated. and 'identified. Pro-
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ducQ.OI1of specific antibodies apinst this has been ,undertaken and
these antibodies wUl now be used to J1)e8Surethese ~proteins in human
females.
After reviewing the progress ot the project during its. present tenure
of 1 year, the Foundation has decided to extend it for a further period
of 2 years, to extend these studies to understand the exact role of these
carrier-proteins both during the nqrmal menstrual cycles, as well as dur-
ing different stages of pregnan~, and further demonstrate these in women
using contraceptive oral pills. Tqe stu~;are also to be extended to
female monkeys, to determine the effects of neutralisation of these pro-
teins, through antibody production, on. Pfe8P.ancy.
+ Rs 80,000 (Sanctioned in J~ 1980)
Rs 2,00,000 (Sanctioned in November 1981)
Title
Director
Background
Mechanisms of Implantation and pre-implantation Events
Prof S K Manchanda
Dr (Mrs) Jayshree SenguPta
Like the project .on mechanismlf of se9retion of chorionogonadotropins,
this also aims at preventing the implantation of the ovum in the uterus,
through a study of thesteriodosenesis and other metabolic changes
taking place in the fertilised ovum,,(bla$'!OCYst).
The project has been undertaken tq~y the metabolic events taking
place in the fertilised ovum, which are responsible for the implantation,
with a:view to be able to block the! implantation. Studies include' changes
in the blastocYst (fertilised ovum) and at the uteririe site of implantation
before actual implantation takes place, and involve histochemical and
histological events. Further, effects of certain hormones, anti':hdrmoties
and certain other chemicals on these are being studied.
ProgreflS
The project started functioning with effect from April 1978.. Various
enzymatic and metabolic studies have been carried o~t, both on'the
blastocyst, as well as on the uterine mucosa at the site of implantation.
It has been observed that by the use of anti-estrogen, certain hormOnal
and metabolic changes in the blastocyst are blocked, which not only
hinder the further development of blPtocyst, but also ~ent its implan-
tation in the uterus.
The in-vivd experiments indicate .the tmport&nC6!ofelDbryonic estrogen
-in the implantation of the embryo,'not o~ly in rats and mice but also in
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rabbits and' hamsters. Embryonic estrogen is required for making appro-
priate enzymic and morphological changes for reception and implanta-
tion of the embryo. The pattern- of activity of various lysozomalenzymes
and the morphological changes that occur at the site of implantation
as distinct from what happens at the interim plantation sites and the
pseudopregnant uteri have been documented.
The embryonic estrogen is not only important for making distinctive
changes'm the uterine epithelium: to receive and implant the embryo,
but is also required for the development and differentiation of the embryo
itself.
Further studies undertaken on the fertilised ova (blastocyst) withdrawn
from the- animals and maintained in laboratory cultures, have shown
that the use of certain synthetic antiestrogens, and some other anti-
enzymic and chemical agents, block the metabolic changes in the blasto-
cyst. These not only hinder the further development of blastocyst, they
also prevent the implantation in the uterus.- This information can help
in developing some chemical agents for their .peripheral contraceptive
effects.
After reviewing the progress of the project during its present tenure
of 3 years, the Foundation has decided to extend it for a further period
of 2 years to undertake similar studies in. monkeys, which it is consi-
dered will have more replicability to the humans. Hormonal assays in
monkeys will also have to be undertaken to establish the time of ovulation
and its fertilisation, before it is removed for laboratory studies.
+ Rs 3,75,000 (Sanctioned in February 1978)
Rs 25,000 (Sanctioned in July 1981)
+ Rs 1,90,000 (Sanctioned in November 1981)
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi
Title
Director
Background
Male Antifertility Agents in Human and Sub Human Primates
Prof Somnath Roy
Dr. (Mrs) Sudha Chatterjee
Previous studies for male .contraception have mainly been directed for
inhibiting the formation of sperms through the \\,lseof steroids, or similarly
acting substances. These have the drawback of low acceptability, as along
with inhibiting spermatogenesis these also inhibit the production of testo-
stcerone, thus decreasing libido. The sperms formed in the testes do not
have the capacity to fertilise the ovum and this fertilising. power is deve-
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loped during their maturation while stored in the epididymis. An under-
standing of the mechanism involved in developing such a capacity, can
help in blocking this process and thus producing contraception.
The project has been undertaken to study the role of epididymis in
sperm maturation in subhuman primates; and to. study the nature and
mode of action of cyproterone acetate on xeproductive functions in human
male.
Biochemical, hormonal and histological studies have been undertaken
on the semen stored in the epididymis,. as well as on the epididymis wall
itself, taken from different parts of epididymis. In addition, the effect
of giving androgens and antian,drogens on these samples are being
studied. Some of the animals are also being treated with cyproterone
acetate and testosterone for studying changes resulting from this in the
semen profile. Monkey studies are also being used for demonstrating
the reversible effects of such treatment.
3..batches of human males are being studied after their normal semen
has been examined for sometimes. These consist of treatment with (i)
cyprbterone acetate; (ii) intramuscular injection of androgen; and' (iii)
combined use of cyproterone acetate with intramuscular injection of
androgen. Besides histological examination· of sperms, biochemical esti-
mations on the semen are carried out. Blood chemistry of treated
individuals is also checked. Evidence has been 'provided that the com-
bined treatment with cyproterone acetate alongwith injections of testos-
terone enunthate has theeffeet ofccuttingdown the-sperm count, but at
the same time it does not decrease the libido. Such a combination has
so far been used only on this study and has potential· for its development
into-'-an acceptable male 'pill'.
,')
After· reviewing the progress of the project during its present tenure of
3 years, the Foundation has decided to extend it for a ftlrlher period of 2
years, to expand these studies on a larger number of human volunteers.
Studies on monkeys are to befurlher continued, including data concern-
ing any toxicity.
Rs 3,00)000 (Sanctioned in September 1978)
Rs 2,00,000 (Sanctioned in November 1981)
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National Institute of Hea,lth 'and Family Welfare, New Delhi.
PROJECT NO 1&'
Title
Contraception for males-Studies on .Epididymis
Director
.Prof P Gqvindarajulu
Background
Previous studies for male contraception have mainly been directed for
inhibiting the formation of sperms, through the use of steroids or similar-
ly·acting substahees. These have the drawback of low acceptability, as
along with inhibiting spermatogenesis these also inhibit the production of
testosterone, thus decreasing libido. The sperms fanned in the testes do
not have the capacity to fertilise the ovum, and this fertilising power is
-developedduringtner maturatiortwhile stored in the epididymis.
This project haS'been tiridertaken to study the role of various metabolic
and enzymatic changes taking place in the epididymis for sperm matura-
tion, in· an attempt to blOicksome of these for production Of contraception
in male.
Progress
The project started fUDctioning in September 1978. Studies on semen
obtained from different portions of the epididymis of the monkey were
.first conducted on its carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Although it
was possible to block the maturation of the sperms by inhibiting th(
glycogen or the glycolytic enzymes, and the phosphO-lipids, required for
metabolic processes, the means for such inhibitions CQuldnot be applied
in· humans as these would have other general systemic eff~cts.
On further investigations, a specific acidic glycoprotein has been identi-
fied in the epididymal ftuid, and suggestive evidence is there that this may
possibly be required for maturation of sperms. This glycoprotein ap-
pears. to be specific to epididymis and it is hoped that the neutralisation
of its effect may lead tonon~maturation of sperms and thus be utilised as
a contraceptive method
After reviewing the progress of the project during its present tenure of
3 years. the Foundation has .decided to extend it for a further period of
1 year, to separate and identify the glycoprotein and study its functional
role in sexually mature and immature animals, and then study if its
effects could be specifteally neutra1lsed without disturbing systemic
physiology in any manner.
Budget
.RB 3,15,000 (Sanctioned in July 1978)
+Rs 1,00,000 (Sanctioned in November 1981)
Institution
Department of Eftc:loc:riDology, Postgraduate Institute of. Basic Medieal
Sciences, Madras.
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Title
Sponsor
Background
Study of "Injectablf:s" for 'Long' Term Control of Fertility
Family Planning .JI'6un.dafion
The daily intake of steroid l)ms 'forcoD:traception has its own logistic -
problems. Alternative methods of ,delivery of steroids have therefore-,
been proposed in ,the form. of injectable preparations. A number of pre-
parations have been devel'OJ)edand 'Usedin certain situations both experi-
mental as weUas cliAieal. -The impression :WO,. far in our country is that
no such preparations dre available which eM be adopted' for general mass
use by us. Such a preparation should nert orily ·be 'highly acceptable,
specially to our rural population, ,~u~. !;hopld also not. have sid~..effects
which may ObViateits use with th.e pres~ly available health infrastruc-
ture. At the same time some of tl1e$e ]5ieparations b.av~ been/are being
used in Some countries/communiti~, With a certain level of success.
It is proposed to organise a 'SttJdy'to go over scientific and other
available ma!erial from studiescottducted ...o.n. suchinjectables and
implants, both in this. country as'VV'ell as in other countries, and thus
make an assessment of the suitability', or otherwise, of adopting any of
these preparations for use in this country, It may also be in a position
to define any further areas of research which need to be taken up for
improving the ac~eptabi1ity of any'such preparation.
Before organising such a 'Study', literature and other material from l
various experimental/clinical studies, conducted in this country as well as
in other countries, has been obtaiJ;led ,and ,compiled in the .form of a
Working Paper with the help of an expert, with a planning grant sane.•
tioned by tAe Foundation.
.
Based on the material thus .collected, it has been decided to hold a
meeting of some Indian foreign experts to 'study' in ·.detail the avail-
able scientific and clinical material, to determine. and. recommend the
suitability, or otherwise, of adopting any of the long. actin.. injectable
contraceptive for the national famity planning programme. 'the meeting
is expected to be held in August 1982.' ,
.
Budget
Planning grant of Rs 5,000 (San<:1;ionedin 'December 't980)
+Ra95,OOO (Sanctioned in March 1982)
.
Title
Development, Evaluation and" ApjlieaticmOf a;'Radio-ReCeptor Test for
HcG/LH in Fertility bgulation
'
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Background
Progress
Budget
Institution
It was proposed to develop a radioreceptor (RR) test for human
chorionogonadotropins (HeG), which can enable the detection of very
early stages of pregnancy, Le., 'within a few days of the fertilisation of
the ovum, instead of waiting for 4 to 6 weeks which the other available
tests require. After the passage of the MTP Act and with the emphasis
on bringing about required abortions at very early stages (designated as
menstrual regulation Qf pregnancy-MR), it is· important to be able to
distinguished at his ~rly stage whether pregnancy has occurred, or only
menstruation has been delayed so that the MR may not be carried out
unnecessarily.
The project started functioning with effect from, September 1978. The
Receptors were prepared in the laboratory pf Professor K R Laumas at
the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, from bovine
ovaries-these were iodiriated and standardized for receptor response with
known amount of RcG. The radio-receptor test thus developed enabled
the detection of very small amounts of RcG, which are usually present
in the early stages of pr~gnancy in human females.
A scientific worker attached to Bombay laboratory was trained in Delhi
for the preparation of these receptors. However, when it was attempted
to prepare the receptors from bovine ovaries taken from Bombay's
slaughter house, the same method did not produce the desired results. It
was, however, noted that the ova!jes at Bombay were obtained from older
animals.
Recently Receptors have been prepared from goat ovaries, ovaries from
pseudopregnant rats, goat testes, and rat te~tes. Receptors extracted
from all these samples have given positive results, not only for estima-
tion of lmown amounts of HcG in the laboratory, but also for detecting
very early stages of pregnancy, The earliest samples which gave positive
results with these- receptors have been 27 days from the last menstrual
period. Further, reliability of the assay has been confirmed by LH levels
by radioimmunossay on the same sample, and later by a biological preg-
nancy test in the urine samples from the same women, as well as through
clinical follow-up.
With this satisfactory development of t1:lemethodE)logyfor the prepara-
tion of the radio-receptor test, the project is likely to be completed within
few' months.
Rs 3,00,000 (Sanctioned in July 1978)
Department of Endocrinology, T N Medical College, Bombay and Depart-
ment of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
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•
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'. "~.' ~
I;lritf Detai~ of OitgoilHl i?;q~c"!
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i.·'
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,~
.' '.'
-~~~~
111.1nformation, Bduc:ation6ad, Communication
"Witli" an lntrmluetorll. $Qt~"
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.'
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,-;
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In the past year the family planning issue has finally resurfaced as an
acknowledged pre-eminent national priority. The Foundation has been
in the forefront of the various efforts that have been made to restore
credibility to the issue, muster political support and raise interest in new
approaches to come nearer to the solution of the population problem. Mid-
year, with the release of the Census results a more appropriate psycholo-
gical environment.otconcem and questioning developed.It was recognised
that even a decade, which for the larger part had been considered one
purposeful accomplishment, had failed to make any dent. The full conse-
quences of the continuing failure could be more clearly apprehended by
comparison.
The Foundation has attempted to play three roles in its lEe activity:
(i) direct promotional role, (il) building institutional support, and (iii)
projecting (as also developing in the field) creative concepts. Of these, the
last is perhaps the most exacting and marks a departure from conven-
tional organisational approaches in IEC work. It has been seen by the
Foundation as a very critical aspect of its IEC programme, so that IEC is
not a sterile end-acti\\lity ):)ut.a pulsating and purposive force which
actually brings into motion the ideas transmitted to the knowledge of
the people. lEe therefore is integrated into all other activities of the
FoUndationand fOrlnSan inpUt into most programmes taken up by FPF.
In terms of promotional .activity, .the details of the efforts made in
mounting the stateifie1\\t-"For A'Bettet 'Future', the work with IAPPD,
as also the A:wards 'Scheme with AIR and Doordarshan which follow
highlight the Foundation's work in this direction.
In terms of institution building, Indian Association of Parliamentarians
for Problems of Population and Development (IAPPD) presents an
example of the extensive efforts which have been placed in this direction.
National Institute of Design is another example of successful institution
strengthening, which has effectively demonstrated the systemic influence
possible through even small NGO inputs. FPF projects with NID have
been reported in previous years. NID is now continuing work with
Rajasthan State Govt., which is a direct outcome of the earlier projects.
The task of projecting-and developing in the field-creative concepts
has provided .both moments of great excitement and acute frustration.
There is more often than not a considerable time lag before new ideas
are accepted, assimilated and the requisite support from all directions
marshalled. But that is still the lesser battle. The operational obstacles,
• particularly when the attempt is not to set up independent models but to
piggyback onto existing, larger infrastructures and galvanise these to new
perceptions, can be considerable. However, the Foundation can report
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.1
In the wake of the politicisation of the family planning issue during the
Emergency and the subsequent period, the family planning programme
lost respectability in the eyes of the public and consequently tended to
be kept low key· by political leaders, administrators and others. In this
environment figures for family planning acceptance registered rock bot-
tom levels. From a coverage of 24 per cent of eligible couples in the
country achieved by end-1976, the figures began to steadily decrease
from 1977 onwards (as the numbers of new couples entering into the
reproductive age groups significantly outpaced the numbers being brought
into contraceptive practice) and touched 21.8 per cent by the end of 1979.
The Sixth Plan Document emphasised the need for a renewal of faith in
this programme and underlined the importance of a national consensus
of support to develop for the programme to be effectively resuscitated.
However, beyond reiteration the Government seemed unable to take any
positive step in this direction.
At this juncture, the Family Planning Foundation which through its
communication project had earlier worked to galvanise political and media
commitment to family planning, devised a.strategy to bring high· visibility
to the issue and to create an appropriate platform from which to enunciate
such a national consensus. It organised a small group to draft a state-
ment, 'For A Better Future', which was then circulated for signature to
more than 80 eminent citizens, selecting names in different walks of life
that were evocative of excellence· of achievement in their field of work.
With the backing of these individuals, the appeal was further circulated
to the leaders of major political parties and it received support from the
leaders of 11 major political parties.
.
Through the personal involvent of key media leaders and media asso-
ciations, the major newspapers and· journals in the country in various
ianguages were persuaded to donate liJpaceto -run this appeal 'as an act
of solidarity with the family planning cause' in recognition of its most
critical role in the country's wellbeing. TheFPF spent Rs 8,700 altoge-
ther on postage, artpullsand 'matrixes' with were systematically sent to
all newspaper publications, resulting in donations in the form of adver-
tising space together totalling more than several lakhs of rupees. More
importantly, the simultaneous publication in several languages across the
country and the illustrious galaxy names· supporting the cause made this
a media event of considerable consequence. A spate of editorial and news
comment followed, particularly after the Chainnan of the Family Planning
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Foundation Mr J R D Tata gave a press conference in which he highlight-
ed the problem and suggested some strategies to tackle it.
Both the Houses of Parliament noted this statement by eminent citi-
zens and the support given to it by the leaders of 11 political parties.
Soon after publication of the statement, the First National Conference
of the Indian Association of Parliamentarians for problems of Popula-
tion and Development was held in New Delhi and the Foundation
provided active support for the organisation of this even. The meeting
reinforced the sentiment of the 'For A Better Future' statement. The
Prime Minister, who inaugurated the conference, and· the Speaker of
the Lok Sabha, who presided over it, in their speeches made warm refer-
ences to the publication of the statement and welcomed the political
consensus it represented. Further, the conference attended by 200
Parliamentarians of various parties endorsed, the consensus and pledged
to work to further it.
The Statement and its impact was not only nationally noted but also
featured prominently in the international press and can claim to have
contributed towards a qualitative change in the climate.
Title
(1) Promoting Family Planning and Population through Parliamentarians
(2) First National Conference of Parliamentarians on the Problems of
Population and Development-1981
(3) Travel Grant for. 5 members of the Indian Association of Parliamen-
tarians for Problems of Population and Development-to attend the
Asian Conference of Population at Beijing, China
(4) Technical materials for State Legislators Conferences of IAPPD.
Background
The alleged excesses in implementation during 1975-76 and the sub-
sequent politicisation of the family planning programme during the
elections of 1977led to a downgrading of its importance in national priori-
ties in the period after. Political leaders became notably reluctant to
associate themselves with this work. The political nervousness vibrat-
ed through the administrative structure down to field workers leaving
them demoralised and causing the family planning programme to
stagnate and then regress at the most critical demographic juncture
when the need was to escalate it significantly. To regenerate political
commitment for the programme was therefore, a prime necessity deeply
felt by all concerned with the population issue.
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In June 1978 the Foundation made'a beginning towards recreating an
atmosphere of concern for population matters by launching a project
the aim of which was to work with critical levels of leadership. As a
part of this project activity an imaginative package of communication
materials was created for dissemination to all Members of Parliament and
the Legislative Assemblies. Alongside, contacts were established with
Parliamentarians interested in the population issues. With these efforts
the Foundation encouraged and helped the IAPPD to come into being.
It also provided it with technical services as and when required. In
1979 a task force was organised to orient the Indian Parliamentarians
Delegation proceeding to Colombo for the Sri Lan~ Conference on the
issues of Pop.lJation and Development. Funds were also provided for the
participation of a larger delegation with a view to involve more parlia-
mentarians in the cause. These were, however not utilised because of
the dissolution of the Parliament soon after.
With the change of Government need for intensifying the efforts to
mobilise Parliamentarians acquired renewed urgency. Simulteneously
the Foundation worked on developing a national consensus of support to
the programme which cut across party lines. The publication of the
statement 'For A Better Future' signed by 11 major political leaders was
an important step in the direction of depoliticising the issue and bringing
it into strong focus. The two efforts were dovetailed. IAPPD members
moved resolutions in both Houses of Parliament taking note of the state-
ment and further, at the First Naional Conference of Parliamentarians,
the Prime Minister and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha warmly noted the
development of a national consensus; 200 Parliamentarians from different
parts of the country attending the meeting endorsed and pledged to work
to further it. The Foundation actively assisted in the organisation of this
First National Conference-which was held on 25th May 81-by providing
technical services, as also the funding and other organisational support,
including media focus on the event. The conference was a notable suc-
cess, resulting in a valuable document called 'The New Delhi Declaration'
which has made a number of important recommendations.
With this meeting the lAPPD moved to an increased dimension of its
role. Resolutions passed at the National Conference called for extending
its work to mobilising and sustaining political commitment at the state
level and down to the grassroot level, through a series of meetings to be
convened in each state, followed by district conferences and local meet-
ings. Constant communication, feeding of information materials and
personal interactions were to be a part of this galvanising process. The
Foundation therefore agreed to provide the IAPPD with support for an
organisational and administrative unit and for the publication of a quar-
terly bulletin to strengthen its work"' This Project commenced in
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August '81 (1st Issue-National Survival, Inaugural Issue-October 1981
and the second issue-National Survival VoL 1 No.2 dated January 1982).
In order, to provide a model for the state -level conferences it also helped
to organise and technically service the first State le,vel meeting in Tamil
Nadu. This was held in end-August and attended by .more than 100
legislators with the Speaker of the Lok Sabha as the Chief Guest. Special
communication materials pertaining to Tamil Nadu were prepared for
this conference (as also for Maharashtra, where IAPPD held the second
conference).
In October, the First Asian Conference of Parliamentarians for Pro-
b~ms of Population and Development was held in Beijing and IAPPD
took a delegation of 22 Parliamentarians for this event. In this case also
the Foundation worked in close collaboration with IAPPD, providing
communication materials, technical papers and funding to sensitise and
prepare the Indian delegation for its participation. IAPPD held a Ii
day seminar preceeding the departure of the delegation. The first issue
of IAPm's bulletin 'National Survival' was brought out on this occassion.
It carried a forceful message from the Prime Minister.
At IAPPD's request Prof J C Kavoori, Executive Director of the Family
Planning Foundation accompanied the delegation as a technical adviser,
alongside Mrs Avabai Wadia, President of FPAI. The Foundation fur-
ther funded five members of the delegation in order to maximise the
participation of the parliamentarians. Exposure to population issues at
this meeting has generated considerable interest for population and deve-
lopment work amongst those who attended. IAPPD is· now engaged in
drawing up a follow up programme. It has conducted further state
conferences in Kamataka, and Madhya Pradesh, and is moving to syste-
matically cover all states. State specific communication materials are
being prepared for each state conference.
(1) Rs 1,50,000 (Sanctioned on 31-7-1981)
20,000 (Sanctioned on 31-7-1981)
(2) Rs 50,000 (Sanctioned on 7-5-1981)
(3) Rs 40,000 (Sanctioned on 4-12-1981)
(4) Rs 35,000 (Sanctioned on 22-3-1982)
Indian Association of Parliamentarians for Problems of Population and
Development (IAPPD)
Family Planning Foundation Awards for Various Categories of Family
Planning Communication Sponsored by Family Planning Foundation.
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Background
In recent years the family planning programme has been politically
controversial. As a consequence communication activity in this field has
been rather low key. There is a visible change in the official climate
lately, but family planning communication has not yet picked up to the
extent needed. The Government has allocated substantial resources for
family planning communication work. The question is how to catalyse
the media in a manner that will produce maximum impact and generate
imaginative, innovative programmes which cater to the specific needs of
the present. Family planning co~unication work has not in the past
carried prestige within media circles and so has been attended to in a
rather ad hoc manner. On occasions, funds ear-marked for this purpose
have lapsed because of non-utilisation. There are tremendous opportuni-
ties to effectively galvanise the existing communication channels for a
more creative involevement in family planning work, if professionals
working within the media can be attracted to focus their thinking on
this issue. This proje~t has been devised to act as a stimulant in this
direction.
Progress
This project represents a break-through in government thinking on the
role of NGO collaboration. It proviQes one of the first instances of the
'spirit of partnership' which is sought to replace the earlier 'patronage'
attitude. From 1st September 1981 all stations of AIR and from 1st
October 1981 all stations of Doordarshan' regularly announced FPF's
scriPt competition. A record number of 1700 scripts were received by
the closing date of 31st December 1981. However in 7 of the 16 lan-
guages-namely, Kashmiri. Urdu, Sindhi, Nepali, Oriy~, Punjabi-the
number of entries was few and therefore it was decided to extend the
competition date to 30th April in these languages. Jury panels have been
constituted in the other 9 languages and the scripts are being currently
scrutinised. AIR and Doordarshan have also finalised and issued the
rules for the FPF Awards for the Best Programme on Family Planning
broadcast/telecast during the calendar year· 1982 and initiated a plan
where-by every station will identify and store the two best programmes
each month, so that these can be reviewed fot the awards at the end of
the year.
Institution
Collaborative Programme of AIR, Doordarshan and Family Planning
Foundation
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Title
A Demonstration Action Project in Developing Grassroot Worker-Leaders:
Experiment in Leadership Training
Background
In the next two decades family planning acceptance has to be virtually
quadrupled, if the goal of replacement level fertility by the end of the
century is to be achieved. It is being increasingly accepted that elite
groups cannot constitute the resource for the leadership of mass move-
ments of social change, more so for an intimate area like fertility beha-
viour. There is therefore an urgent need to evolve ways to bring about
a better understanding of family planning as an integral instrument of
uplift at the lowest economical levels of society and to develop leadership
for family planning activity at that very level. Women's needs for family
planning being more crucial and urgent, women's organisations become a
natural choice as such catalysts. Further, it is now recognised that
women to women programmes for health and social action, particularly
where they build and use local women's talents, so that women are not
only the beneficiar.ies but also participants in the system, have a critical
role to play in effecting social transformation within which fertility beha-
viour change is greatly accelerated. The Working Women's Forum is a
grassroot organisation having a membership of 10,000women from slums!
villages in Madras and three rural districts. This organisation was sensi-
tised to population concerns. The project has atteI}lpted to develop a
model of the training arid support needed to make ordinary women with
community concerns emerge as effective leaders-workers who see family
planning of primary importance within their larger social objectives, as
also an important' personal right of the women.
Progress
The project was launched on 2nd October 1980. There was a consider-
able challenge in developing the initial training which has been conducted
by the Gandhigram Rural Health and Family Planning Training Institu-
tion. Prior to the project's operationalisatio~ in Madras the Gandhigram
faculty handling the training was exposed to the Jamkhed comprehensive
Rural Health and Development project to see the training and work of
illiterate women now playing a very successful social action role. This
exposure helped to strengthen the capacities of Gandhigram in the first
place.
The field activities of the worker leaders commenced in the first
week of December 1980. At the end of 1 year's field work during which
continuous training and monitoring was carried out another week's
refresher training was given in December 1981. The worker leaders have
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been found to be a dynamic group capable of internalising and extending
the messages of health care and family planning. Some difficulties have
existed in the sphere of record keeping and documentation which are
being attempted to be sorted out with Gandhigram's help. However, the
organisation has made considerable progress in attaining the goals of. the
project as the following statistics of a little over a year's efforts indicate:
Dec. '80 to
March '82
I. GENERAL INFORMATION:
1. Population covered
2. Total No of families
3. Total No of workers
II. GENERAL AND CHILD HEALTH:
1. No of new antenatal cases registered
2. No of mothers covered with tetanus Toxoid
3. No of ANC Mother referred Medical Institution
4. No of cases referred for MTP
5. No of children vaccinated against small pox
6. No of children given BCG
7. No of children covered with DPT
8. No of children covered with Polio Drops
9. No of children given Vitamin 'A' Solution
III. FAMILY WELFARE
1. No of tubectomy cases
2. No of vasectomy cases
.
3. No of mothers inserted with IUD
4. No of mothers taking oral pills
5. No of persons using Nirodh
6. Follow-up works
IV. HEALTHY EDUCATION
1. :t'f 0 of group discussions conducted
2. No of nutrition demonstration conducted
29002
6131
60
1868
1409
1988
286
1516
1158
2798
2265
1403
681
73
403
1084
1431
1500
1093
826
Action Demonstration Project for Integrated Parasite Control and Family
Planning Services in UNICEF-assisted Area Development Programme in
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Backgrowul
UNICEF has recently launched on a major new strategy of develop-
ment in its programme in India. In selected backward districts of the
different states it is collaborating with the government to formulate 'com-
prehensive Area Development Programmes within which it will support
critical Social Inputs. For several years now the Foundation has been
attempting to interest UNICEF in a more explicit role in family planning
at the micro level in its projects. A breakthrough in this direction came
recently when UNICEF informally asked FPF for suggestions for in-
corlJoration of suitable innovative family planning strategies in some of
the Area Development programmes. Amongst these was a project
for Trivandrum District in Kerala .where seven coastal blocks, which
have concentrations of the poorest sections of the community, are
being taken up. The birth rate in these blocks is 35 per 1000 as
as against the Kerala average of 27 and malnutrition is acute and widely
prevalent. A perusal of the project area profile highlighted rampant
worm infestation in the community, particularly the children, but no
specific action proposals to tackle this question, nor any attempt to
augment family planning effort. Drawing upon the Japanese experience
of Parasite Control linked family planning services-an approach which·
successfully eradicated soil-transmitted parasite infestation that was rife
in post war Japan and accelerated family planning acceptance-which
is now being applied in severa,l countries throughout South East Asia, FPF
suggested the inclusion of this experimental element in the Trivandrum
District ADP.
Progress
There have been considerable difficulties faced in moving this project
to execution prin:l~rily because the larger Social Inputs Plan for the Area
Development Programme of Trivandrum District within which the FPF
funded innovative component was to be integrated has faced problems on
its final clearance by the GO!. The plan though approved in principle
has had to be drastically curtailed due to budgetary constraints. Consi-
derable interaction has taken place with Kerala State Govt. and UNICEF
and a detailed plan of action which will initiate work in 2 panchayats in
the coastal areas has now been drawn up and arrangements to provide the
necessary further backing, including sanitation and water supply needs,
in these two panchayats to set up a model demonstration project are being
processed.
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Title
A Demonstration Project for Evolving an Eftective Role for Grassroot
Child Welfare Workers in Family Plannmg in anUr-ban Slum/Rural Area
Background
The Integrated Child Development Services scheme is the government's
major thrust for Child Welfare and Development Work. The ICDS
Scheme has been recently approved to be taken up in 1000 blocks across
the country. The ICDS is an effmt to deliver at the doorstep a basic
minimum package'of health,'nutritian'and education development services
to pregnant and nursing mothers and young eilildren under the age of siX..
However, while this scheme is supposed to stress on an integrated
approach and highlights that only through mutually reinforcing compo-
nents of health, nutrition and -education can a totality of care for the child
be established, it 'has so far, compar.atively ..i.gnOl'ed the contribution
family planning must make to integrated care. In the ICDS, the' child
is taken care from the womb onwards. But the pre-childphaseof f~ly
planning cntical to ensure the birth of healthy children and to reduce the
risk to older' siblings of a family has not been adequately understood, or
emphasised. The Foundation has been highlighting the' importance of
such. linkages from the very outset of the planning of the ICDS scheme.
A strong recommendation for thi~ input was made in the Foundation's
Across the. Board study of UNICEF Projects. The· basic thrust of the
present demonstration project is to reconceptualise the .role of the
Anganwadi workers and so bring into greater focus what can be done for
family planning alongside their other -duties. The idea is not to expand
the Anganwadi workers' rO;lein aJliadditive sense, but to bring about a
qualitative change in thinking and-'alongside, to identify the entry points
for incorporating population interests in a more concrete way within the
day-to-day functioning. The National Institute 'of Child Development and
Public Cooperation, which handles the training of trainers for ICDS
worker-s, has been per-~uaded to take up the project, so that this project
will provide as much a learning experience forNIPCID;to discover where
and why its original training design has failed to incorporate a vital
national objective within an integrated frameWork.
Progress
Field training of the AnganwadiiWorkers-in order to develop greater
sensitisation on population issues, alongside helping the workers to be more
effective in their jobs-was carried out for' a year beginning in January
1981 in Mongolpuri-Sultanpuri Resettlement colonies.. As an outcome of
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Title
this, NIPC.IDhas dev~loped two sourcebooks on population education-
one for trainers of Anganwadi Workers and the other for the use of the
Anganwadi Workers themselves. A prototype set of communication mate-
rials have also been developed. A one day expert workshop was held in
April to examine these materials with a view to finalise them. A con-
crete' set of recomtnendations have emerged which will be forwarded to
the Ministry of Social Welfare, alongside the training materials. While
work to further refine the source books and pretest them has to continue-
and NIPCID is undertaking this on its own-the project has already
achieved its primary· objectives of successfully demonstrating that there
is both a need and acceptance of population education as a part of the
training of Anganwadi workers. The commitment of NIPCID, the opex
training institution is now unambiguous in this direction and this !is in
itself some achievement, particularly as the ICDS is to be expanded to
cover 1000 blocks and the training activities are now in the process of
review and intensification.
Rs 92,000 (Sanctioned in November 1980)
Rs 20,000 (Add. Sanctioned in January 1982)
National Institute of Child Development and Public Cooperation, New
Delhi
.
ADemonstration Project of Reorganising the Role of Anganwadi Workers
for the Total Welfare of the Community covered by the leDS Scheme
Background
The rationale for attempting to bring the Anganwadi workers more
positively to family planning concerns and the need to seek ways of doing
this has been explained in the foregoing project. It was felt that in view
of the importance of the ICDS Scheme, more than one demonstration pro-
ject was necessary, both to prove the feasibility of the hypothesis that the
Anganwadi Workers have a role to play and to reinforce the demand for
certain changes to be made in the training and work pattern. In view
of the fact that the earlier project was conducted in a large metropolitan
city where the background of the workers may not be truly representa-
tive of the rest of the country, it was thought that it would be also useful
to study the issue in a smaller town and within an institution neutral on
existing training bias. It may also be necessary. to develop similar pro-
jects for the rural and tribal areas eventually. The objectives and
methodology are the same as -above but the work .will be conducted in
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The project was cleared by the Ministry of Social Welfare in January
1982 and work began in the field in February 1982.
{
Title
Atlas on the Child in India: A Visual Education project Depicting the
Place and Importance of Children in Population and Development
Background
It is well recognised today that child welfare and family planning accep-
tance are inextricably intertwined. Unbridled· population growth re-
tards development and the principle victim is the child who is always
more vulnerable than the adult. Conversely, in a society in which the
child's plight is not meanjngffully addressed the consequent devaluation
of child life inevitably leads to unplanned population growth. The
needs and rights of the child must therefore' be established and address-
sed alongside, if family planning is to win acceptance as a human
n.ational policy. But for specific programmes of child development to
take place there is need for information which generates awareness of
the existing conditions of the status of the child. Very little work has
so far been done in the country to present a comprehensive picture of
the situation and this project is a step towards rectifying the lacuna.
The research· for the Atlas-the first on the child in India-aims at
building a comprehensive picture in visual terms. It further aims at not
only establishing national and state comparative values of different
indices, but by providing disaggregated district profiles to pin point for
local administrative units the precise remedial thrusts needed in diffe-
rent areas of child welfare and development work.
Two distinct target audiences arevisualised as end users of the
Atlas:
(1) Policy makers and administrators
(2) Informed lay public
While this project is limited to researching and processing the mate-
rial, it is hoped that eventually two (or more) separate presentations
would follow for the different catego:ries.
Progress
The project commenced on ist February. 1980
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116 cartqgraphic JDallS~d 86 'fables, ineluding 15 tables correlat-
ing the various variables from all the sections through a computer re-
gre~on analysis have ,been' prepared. The final textual review of the
material is now being typed. The Foundation expects to receive the
finished manuscript very shortly. This will be referred to indepen-
dent experts, with a view to deciding on the steps the Foundation
may further take for dissemination of the material.
Rs 77,000 (Sanctioned on February 6, 1980)
Rs 25,000 (Sanctioned on July 31, 1981)
Centre for Regional Deovelopment,Jawaharlal Nehru University, New
Delhi
Background
The national ;f1unilyplamting programme in India relies heavily on
use of media material both for motivation and training purposes. New
materials are continually being prepared by a number of agencies loca-
ted all over the country and often there is considerable duplication of
effort because of ignorance of work done in other places. The Founda-
tion has often received queries, as also felt the need for such informa-
tion in its -own pro.ject development work. It is felt that the availabi-
lity of an annotated resource list of family planning media materials
which would provide descriptive information on each material, as also
the availability and its cost, and rules covering availability would be
most useful for several different segments of users. Decision ma1(ers
need this information to review the media support available to the
programme and to identify significant trends and lacuna so as to direct
efforts towards filling these. gaps; grassroot workers· need information
as much to avoid duplication as t-o locate materials they need; and the
mass media could equally step up usage of existing materials and avoid
duplication of themes in new productions.
Progress.
The project commenced on 1st March 1981.
On schedule, the project should have been completed by March 82.
However, due to considerable problems fa~ed in locating suitable per-
sonnel for the exterl$i.v. outstation travel required to collect and verify
information, work had to be suspended for three months.
The catalOlP.1eis. now being prepared in computerised form and will
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.,.ek be shortly sent out for initial fe4Kl
toa selected list of potential
users. It will be further u:pdat~on the basts of this exercise. The
catalogue is expected to be ready for dissemination in June.
Title
An Experimental Project for Integrating Population Education for All
India Handicraft Board Trainees in Carpet Weaving Centres
Background
The All India Handicrafts Board's craft training programme serves
nearly 100,000boys and girls in the age group 12-18. A major craft area
is carpet weaving for which 6,000 training centres exist in the country,
mostly concentrated in UP, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, which are the
areas of lowest family planning acceptance in the country. Nearly, 30,000
boys and girls are involved in the carpet weaving training programme
alone. This infrastructure could provide a valuable base for additional-
ly ~ubserving the nat;ionalpopulation objectives by providing popu-
lation education to an in.lpoi'tant target group-the parents of tomorrow.
Eventually there is also potential for using the training centres as a
base to reach out· to the families of trainees· with health education and
services that include family planning as an integral part of improving
the quality of life.
.
The present project's attempt is to develop a suitable strategy and the
materials for carrying out population education which could be the
starting point for other activities.
Progress
The Project commenced on 1st January 1981.
A teaching curriculum and methodology, alongside the requisite tea-
ching materials including a primer based on carpet weavin.s: h!ave
been developed. These have been used to successfully demonstrate in
the field the feasibility of family life education including population
education as an acceptable part of the training routine. In the earlier
part of the project the work was entirely carried out .by the students
and faculty of Social Work, Vanmasi, but.in the last two months the
attemPt has been to involve the instructors in charge at the Carpet Weav-
ing Centres more actively. A workshop is to be held in June to present
the results of this project .to. the All India HandicraftBQard with a view
to persuade the 8oardto take up the work in all centres.
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Rs 5,000 (Sanctioned in October 1979)
Rs 93,000 (Sanctioned in July 1980)
Background
,
It is now increasingly recognised that Family Planning must be the
concern of all departments which deal with the people, if family plan-
ning is to succeed as a people's movement. Developmental functionaries
with a rapport with the community therefore have a critical role to
play in this work. The mukhyasevika is "a pivotal tunctionary for
women's extension work in the development infrastructure of rural
India. At present, this category of workers is not playing a truly effec-
tive role in family planning promotion. To achieve their involvement,
it was felt that it would be necessary t~ devise appropriate training
that would bring about a better understanding of population and women's
status issues within the frame work of development. Many Mukhya-
sevikas have not received any such training for a number of years
(10-15 years), during which significant developments have taken place,
bringing new perspectives in these fields. It was further felt that the
training must also help to strengthen the capacities of the functiona-
ries to periorm as the change agents for social action required by their.
general work" but even more critical for the success of their involve-
ment with family planning.
Progress
This project commenced on 1st February 1980. The training has been
completed. Five -batches of Mukhyasevikas from Tamil Nadu State toge-
ther totalling 109·and three batches from Andhra Pradesh-together total-
ling 66-received the training. Two more batches from Andhra Pra-
desh should have been trained according to the project design, but at
the request of the Ministry of Rural Reconstruction, one Key Trainer's
training course was held instead. The northern states of Rajasthan and
Madhya Pradesh participated in this. Himachal could not. attend at the
last moment because of land slides which occurred just then.
The training of the Tamil Nadu Mukhyasevikas was much apprecia-
ted by the Tamil Nadu State Government. Orders were executed by
the State Govt. to enable the Mukhyasevikas to carry out a re-orga-
nised work pattern. evolved during this training 'and Gandhigram re-
quested to subsequently evaluate in the field the improvements, if any,
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in the work, including contribution to the family planning effort fol-
lowing this re-organised working pattern. However, ~ubsequently it
was found that other pressures on the staff's time prevented a strict
adherence to these instructions. The evaluation of the work could not
take place in March 82 as scheduled, as the pattern had not been effec-
tively implemented in the field. ~wTamil Nadu State Government has
revised its earlier stand to implement the reorganised, scheme of work
only in Maduraidistrict and given an assurance of not allowing other
priorities to prevail in this one district. The Mukhyasevikas in Madurai
district who have not undergone training at' Gandhigram have been
instructed to receive it in June so that all MUkhyasevikas in Madurai
district will follow an uniform .pattern of work. A work manual for
r
Mukhyasevikas has been developed during this project and is currently
.under review lor publication .
GandhigramRural Health and Family Welfare Trust, Madurai, Tamil
Nadu
Title
Developing an Institutional Base in a Northern State for Orientatioll
Training of Key Women. DevelopJIlent Functionaries
Background
As a direct follow-up of the above project, an attempt was made to
duplicate within a Northern State the training carried out in Gandhi-
gram for two Southern States. In view' of the keen interest to promote
family planning shown by Rajasthan, this· state was picked up forc·the
work. In consultation with the state government, the Institute of Com-
munity Development and Panchayats, Udaipur was identified to '11nder-
take the training, as it is one of the two 'official institutions of the
Rajasthan State Government conducting training for officers of its deve-
lopment departments.
Progress
The course was held in Udaipur in September 1981. Before this a
senior faculty member of the Institute of Community Development,
Udaipur attended the Key Trainers' course at Gandhigram in order to
follow the curriculum as developed and designed 'by Gandhigram.
Further, several leading voluntary and educational institutions were
identified in Udaipur which 'could cooperate in strengthening the some-
what meagre resources of the Institute of Community Development
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Budget
Institution
to carry.oout the training. A m@etingof representatives of Seva Mandir
and the Home Science College, Udaipur, alongside the Principal and
faculty Institute of Community Development, was held in the presence
of senior administrators of Rajasthan State Government and the Director,
Women's Programmes, Ministry of Rural Reconstruction G.O.r."to chalk-
out a detailed curriculum to suit Rajasthan's conditions and constitute a
joint committee which would hold responsibility for organising and con-
ducting the training. A senior faculty member of Gandhigram was deputed
to the In&titute of Community Development for the dQ.ration of the course
and Gandhigl'am also helped in the preparation of the course materials.
However, despite tM' fairly inten.sive efforts to strengthen the Institute of
Community Oevelt')prn.eht for the training activity-'-through bringing
about the, greaterparticl.t»ation of local NGOs with active field experien-
ces-this collaboration remained at the superficial level. The kind of
round-the-clock intensive interaction organised by Gandhigram for its
course could only be 'partially replicated in Udaipur. While the course
established the dire need for much training-a pre-course evaluation
established a .very pool- stltte of knowledge of family planning and
women's development issues-the conduct of the course left much to be
desired. It has therefore been decided to postpone the second course and
hold it in some other institution in Rajasthan, in consultation with the
state authorities.
Rs 33,000 (Sanctioned in February 1981)
Institute of Community Development, Udaipur
Title
Study Group on Sixth Five Year Plan
Director
Under the ChaiImanship of Dr Malcolm S Adiseshaiah
Background
In June 1978 when t~ draft plan for' 1978-83 was released for public
debate. ,the Family Planning Foundation constituted an inter-disciplinary
expertstudygreup to :review the document in'depth and provide conc-
rete recommendations to strengthen its contents. These reCommendations
were disseminated widely to influential policy makers, media and others
and. contributed in Borne measure to the fact that the final document of
tM plan for 1978-83inc1udeda chapter on Population Policy and Outlook
which had not figured in the earlier draft.
It WaS felt that it W()uldbe useful to undertake a similar exercise with
the Sixth Five year PI~ with 'a view 10 identify its strengths and limita-
, lions as an instrument of poliey and programme for achieving stated
goals of-fertility reduction.
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Progress
Budget
Institution
A one day 'discuSsion by a rilultii-di.loi:PlirIm-y 'group' of experts was held
on 7tH MHeh :1981':W1derthe ChainnanslYip af·Dr"Malcolm S Adiseshiah.
The following participated:
L
(1) Dr Raj Azole, (2) Dr (Mfa) BBnu··eoyaji, (3) 'Dr'Y K Alagh, (4) Dr
Y Nayudamrna, (5) Dr T APai, (6)',Dr V Ran18ling1lwami, (7) Prof P B
. Desai, (8) Dr Madhuri Shah, '(9) D#:MOOItiS'Raza, (10) MtB G Verghese,
(11) Dr B SJAinhas, (12)"Dr:VA PaiPanandiker,-(l3) Prof Tapas Majum-
dar. (14) Dr K C seal, (15) Mr :R V 'Srinivasan, (16) Dr M D Sehgal,
(17) Dr M Holla, (18) Mrs Lata Singh, (19) Dr U V Vaidyanathan.
It was decided at the end of the one day deliberatian that two small
Task Forces comprising Delhi based members would meet under the
leadership of Dr'l> B Desai and ProfTIlp8S MajUIhdarto draw up the
'COncrete specific recommendations. Ho~er, before the Task Forces
could meet again, the publicatioo Of the censUs results raised basic ques-
tions about theealculations and assumptions made in the Sixth Five
Year Plan. It W8S'widelybeliwed at the titnethat" subStantial portions
of the plan wdUld have to be recast in the light of the census results. The
Planning Commission decided to' prepare' a' comprehensive review paper
and it was expected' this would ref OI'ttiulate,Plan strategies and goals. The
Foun.dation ther.ef()re, thought it prudent to hold at abeyance any further
activities un.der this project, until sUch time as the adjustments being
made in .the official policies weremovvn. The Planning Commission re-
view has yet to be made public. This is being awaited. Further follow-up
action will be determined aftertheofficialsttategies
have fully crystal-
lised.
Rs 32,500· (Sanctioned in February'lg81)
SpoI1soredby Funny'P'lalming FOOndatton.
Title
Demonstration Project for Primary Health Care and Family Planning
Services ithrougb "the Milk Ooopertltive BI:&astrUclure
Director
'Mr Amreek Singh. Managing Director, Guru Milk Union and Dr Singla,
President, Indian Medical Association, Bhatinda District· ,. / 1 >" . ,
Background'
The dairycciOPetlltive'mov~t!fulder-tlie;ll~i
:Of~ration FlOOtin
will cover 145 districts in practically all states involving 10 million rural
families. 1-1/2 per cent of eligible coupleslhitM G>12ritry can therefiJti
be reached through this infrastructure wMeh' his rlI1:·uni4tJ.eorsanisation.
Ftdm ."~:nt&:t~il1~'mmt
~j"·~anf.L.contlidt<-1S'Diain:i.
tamed'h~ice!aaily.'Withftlie'PetWOleit V'i1iages ih·th~'~;:..for
the purpose
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of milk collectiol)'.~d eadl time the milk collection centre' forms a con-
gregating.,point for a considerable ,sectidn' of the village. The milk co-
operative societies in each village also provide an' organised community
infrastructure. It has ~been felt by many that there is' considerable scope
to utilise this. rural base with its modern backing for serving other ·social
needs of the community. Primary health care utilising family planning
services is one area that could easily be taken up, particularly as this
organisation has already developed an excellent model for veterinary
services. But so. far provision of services for human health has been a
major lacuna. The need is to demonstrate to the organisations that with
very ,minimal adjustments, the infrastructure could subserve a critical
need of its community and contrary to the stated fears the administrative
burdens and financial re~ponsibilities would be quite manageable.
Towards this end the Foundation has had prolonged inte:r:action with
NDDB and finally convinced the organisation to experiment with some
innovative approaches in one or two areas.
Bhatinda dist~ct in Punjab was suggested by the NDDB. In order to
evolve a cost effective way of creating a medical service the Foundation
has further interacted with Indian Medical Association, which has 51,000
members across the country, to see if it can join hands on a voluntary
basis to provide medical care to the milk cooperative Centres. To evolve a
methodology, assess its effectiveness and cost, a demonstration project was
proposed to be started in Bhatinda District. As the' first phase of this
e=!,ercisethe Foundation sandioned a small project to survey the area and
formulate concrete project design.
A part of the survey was conducted in February '82 and a preliminary
project proposal developed by the IMA: in collaboration with the milk
cooperatives. This is now being examined and is to be shortly placed
before the Governing Board for its approval for implementation.
Guru Milk Union in Colla,boration with Indian Medical Association,
Bhatinda .
.Mr J D ShaI11la '
a Prat ,R Mohsini
The IndianAd~t Eg"cati,on ~tiOl)
association ·of nearly 40 year'$' standing
(I~)
with
i$ a national voluntary
State and local affiliates
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numbering about 350 in everypaft of the coUntry. Over the past several
years, the IAEAhas been trying to seek for itself a>meaningful place in
the developmental processes 6f the country and as part of this process
it has shown increasing interest in population education. The IAEA has
undertaken a few programmes in population .education with focus on
.manipulating the curriculum content of the programmes as essentially an
additive approach. With a view to seek a meaningful and effective
a involvement in population education, the IAEA has submitted a multi-
centred project with the help of planning and preparatory grant given
by the FoUtldation.
The multi-centred project has been initiated. There is however, vary-
ing degrees bf progress of the different programmes. The Ajmer (Rajas-
than) project is an urban one and the Rew-ari (Haryaria) rural one. Work
phase in both these is well under-way. following the recruitment and
training of staff. In Angul (Orissa) in semi-tribal area, the staff has been
recruited and training of the workers has been completed and work has
recently begun.
At the Headquarters a Coordinator has begun functioning. A special
Advisory Committee has been appointed for purposes of evaluation and
monitoring. The Foundation's staff and/or experts have visited all the
three project sites. The initial observation is that potential for good work
~xists in varying degrees.
Rs 28,500 (Sanctioned in October 1980)
Rs 4,63,700 (Sanctioned in May 1981)
Title
Population Education through Agricultural Institutions-Developing Role
Definition and Role Commitments of Agriculture Institutions in popula-
tion Education
Background
In India, as in some of the developing countries where progressive pro-
grammes of agriculture are being carried on, it has been found that its
. infrastructure plays an important part in the modemisation process,
including educating people particularly the rural folk, in progressive agri,;.
cultural ideas and practices. The potential, however, of this has not
been sufficiently exploited .for ,popUlation .educatiQIl ends.:
,;....
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In tbe ~an WJl;tF:ii\\,agric\\l~tu~aPll,'08r~.
are extensive and inten-
.ofsive.,ail.d~t,w~sf~ltthatthe·.potentialQf thisinfr8$tructure and its history
eic.perienc~in~tensi.on edu~tion provide a UAiqueand a useful oppor-
tunityto develop a .progr~.ofpopu.lation
sensitivity in the agriculture
sectiqn.thro\\ijJh !iOllle of the key institutions. The project, although ear-
lier lOcated at llarYana, Agricultural University (HAU), was shifted to the
Indian Agricultural Research In$titute (IARl), New:'Delhi, because the
Director of this proja<¢, Dr ¥ P Singh, moved to IARI from HAU. In
view of certain administrative and other difficulties, the project was re-
assigned to Haryana Agricultural University under a new Director (Dr
Kamlesh Kumar) who was a close associate earlier of Dr Y P Singh.
The research project is designed to make. a status study of Population
EduCation in the agricultural institutions and to identify ways and means
to integrate PopuiationEducation with agricultural educa~ion and exten-
sion system~.
The project began fqrmally on 1-7-1979. Phase-wise specific progress
made was as follows:
Various phases of t~ project have been completed-review of refer-
ences with .focus on Population, study of poPU:1ationprogrammes in
various institutions and involving the key people in population education
,programme of the project .
. A position paper was prepared for the integration of Population Edu-
cation with Agricultural Education and Extension Systems based on the
data gathered thro~h various phases mentioned above.
The recommendations of the Workshop will be studied and reviewed by
the various agricultural universities and home science colleges of the
three States of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh and thereafter
individual experiments will be developed. The Haryana Agricultural
University will coor~ate this part of the work.
Rs 95,000 (Sanctioned in December 1975)
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Background
With the· success of the first filin'C6mmiss1onedby' fl*'Family Planning
Foundation namely tparvatrwhiCti' 'tvon'the N'atiorialAw~d as the best
edueatiotlal film of the year,: the Folindatlorfdecided 'to 'look for a more
dynamic and relevant ri)lem' comm:umeatioriWith 'special reference to
films. Keeping this in view, it w~ decided to identify, creative and inno-
vative ideas, situations 'and exPeriments for producing films identifying
suitable target groups for the sante.
The Foundation had been mteraetine ehlefly with MrShanti Chowdhury
the Producer of 'Parvati' to' develop other. ideas. Extensive discussions
had taken place on the themeof'suceessful and innovative experiments
in development projects with family planning focus. Another idea which
was also being eJ!:ploredvias to make a iUmor films based on Foundation's
own projects which have a replicative and innovative value. Unfor-
tunately, hoWever,with Mr ChoWdhurY'ssad,sudden deaih in February,
this project has had a setback.'
Developing Programmes of Information, Disseminatlon, Motivation and
Action in Population and Family l1annitlg'
,
Mrs Rami Chhabra'
In the wake of the intense politicisation of,th~ family planning issue in
1976-77 a paralysis had grippe<tthe"progt8rnrne. 'l'hepublic, including
the ~litical and media leadership; apPeared tincomfottable in dealing with
a the issue. lt was in this situation of stalemate that the Family Planning
Foundation in June 1978 invited leading £ree-lancejoumalist, who had
been writing extensively on social issues and with particular concern for
the family planning programme, to take up a project that would attempt
to regenerate a commitment for the population question amongst critical
levels of leadership at the national, state and local levels and to -.ark
towards recreating an ethos of concern for family planning. The project
played a dynamic role, particularly with the media, which was most effec-
tively galvanised in support of the issue. Through a range of imaginative
initiatives, it triggered interest in a number of areas both within the gov-
ernmental and volwitary sectors to take up the population cause. Recog-
nition of the contribution made by the project was considerable. The
Foundation felt that several new areas of collaboratiori had been opened
by the initiatives of the Communication Project and accordingly, it w~
83
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extended andexPaDtc1ed in its Qbjectives in June 19~0. It was particu-
larly felt that it was important to take up as part of its project develop-
Illent rolespecifi.c· activity on ~WOIllen's status issues which have now
emerged as an important diIlle~sjon of population work.
The earlier project cOIllIllencedon 1st June 1978. It was extended on
1st June 1980. Within the Illedia the project has played a singular role
in keeping the faIPilyplanning issue Illeaningfully alive during a period
of general neglect. It has made a particularly valuable contribution in
mobilising the ·English national press and the mass media into concerned
debate, also some.'se.". ctio., ns o~f the Hindi press. Two major highlights of
this direct communication effort have the TV interViews with JP in Sep-
tember 1978 and Prime Minister Indira:Gandhi in September- 1980. In
both instances; the key political figure of the time, was persuaded through
the mechanism of the interview to make a public statement of support
to the population issue, breaking ground at a time when the issue was
being politically shelved. Both interviews have provided considerable
communication mileage countrywide and further served to provide an
. impetus to administrative structures. The campaign 'For a Better Future'
Statement has been another notable feature of this project's efforts.
This project has been integrated into the general programme of acti-
vities of the FaIPily Planning Foundation and the entire number of pro-
jects listed under lEe in this report, with one or two exceptions, reflect
the work of this project.
Rs3,00,000 (Sanctioned in· April 1978)
Rs 4,40,000 (Sanctioned on 28th April 1980)
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IV. Policy Research and Bvaluation
With an Introductory Note
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From its inception, the Foundation has been supporting policy research
in a selective way. & part of its support to policy research, it has also
supported over the years. surveys and evaluation. All these have in
varying degrees helped to identify and develop social science oriented
research on fertility control and family planning of a critical kind. Some
of the studies have been of a high quality and relevance and have been
published in the form of books and monographs. A few of the studies
have found their way in suitable forms in technical journals In the
coming months,. the focus will be on dissemination of the findings of the
studies-not only through technical journals for critical target group
of scholars. but also in other ways for the use of policy makers, educa-
tors and programme personnel.
During the period under review, critical attention is being paid to
responsive research arising out of the publication of 1981 Census. The
Census has revealed that the population problem continues to cause
anxiety. So critical policy oriented research is of paramount importance.
Among th.e more important research areas which the Foundation is
supporting are:
,
(1) Study of irifant mortality in India and its implications on
fertilityanp. family! planning.
(2) sOeio;,.~n~nett{nmn8nis
ril age bf(fema1e at marriage and
its effect. on feftilitr ~hayiour ,in India.
(3) Study of' People's participation in family planning.
(4) Study on the status of women and its impact on population
practices.
Interest in policy research on the part of the research institutions
needs to be heightened and made more relevant. There is not only need
for selective policy research but one that is done with utmost expedi-
tion and imagination.
Task Force on Developing Studies on Infant Mortality in India and
their Implications on Fertiiity and Family Planning.
Of late, social scientists have attached considerable importance to
Physical Quality of Life as distinguished from economic prosperity.
Infant Mortality behaviour demonstrative of overall conditions of
maternal and child health is closely interlinked with the living environ-
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ment of the- people and displays all impol'tant f~t of regional develop-
ment.
'
The latest survey 011 'Infant and ·Chi14 Mortailty ~nducted by' the
Registrar General's Office has reveal~ that in 1978. the ,Infant Mortality
Rate (IMR) in India waS as high' as 126/ iI):fantdeaths ~fore attaining
the age of one per 1000 livebirtlu; with very marp ·dijferences between
rural and urban settings. The Inant Mortality Rate in rural areas is,
on the average,asbigh as 136 l'eftecting poor conditions of maternal
and child health, whereas in urbalt areas, the 1MB is estimated" at 70
in 1978. Based on such infant mort~lity rates, the average expectancy
of life works to as low as 51.6 for women and 52.6 for men. The per-
petuationofhigh levels of 'infantJnortality, to some extent accounts for
non-acceptance of family planning programmes. Although measures re-
lating to. improvement of health, hygiene and sanitation have direct
impact on lowering incidence of infant mortality, particularly, in the
rural milieu, the impact does .not last long unless backed by a proper
socio-economic infrastructure. It is, worthnotiDg that a ,wide range of
socio-economic, health, demograpmc, cultural; religi01;1Sa, nthropological
and environmental factors along with traditional practices followed by
different commwiities during childbirth contribute directly or in-
directly to the incidence of infant mortality.
The State of Uttar Pradesh has the highest level of infant mortality
rate of about 167 followed by the States of Mlildhya Pradesh, Orissa,
Rajasthan, Gujarat and As.sam varying from 118 to 135 infant deaths
per 1000 livebirths before attaining the age of one. The two components
of infant mortality namely, neQ-natal mortality (deaths under first
foul' weeks of birth) and post..n.atal mortality (above four weeks upto
the age of one year) displays~pcontrasts
between. rural and urban
areas. It is estimated that about 00 percent of all, infant deaths occur-
ing below the age of one year happen to be neo-natal deaths, most of
which is caused by tetanus identified as a major ~gle cause followed
~ respiratory infection, diarrhoea and nutrition.,
The causal links between ~owerm:g of infant mortality and control of
fertility are primarily two..f.old. ~ological links, as evidenced. through
pre-natal maternal care and breast feeding to infants act as the inter-
vening factors between infant mortality and, fertility behaviour.
Secondly, socio-economic determinants as distiniiuished Jirom medical
and health measures are rev~le~by S,Ome studies to have a more
lasting impact on reducingjnfant. mortaijty rates. Raising the' age at
marriage .of woman and elevat~g the, level of, literacy ,of the mother
have a decisive deterrent effect on infant mortality. As revealed by. the
Registrar General's 1979 survey on infant and child'mortality, there is
a spectacular drop of about 50 percent in °the incid~Ce CJf infant morta-
lity in the rural areas' as' the mothers movefrom-""UUterate and literate
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Budget
Institution
butbetow 'primary'group to'pnmary and ·above'.
Incidence of infant mortality is observed to be very high for birth~
of parity four and above The data has revealed that in the case of
illiterate mothers, 42 percent of livebirths can be safely averted if
families are pursuaded not be have the fourth child. In such a case,
infant mortality rates will also be appreciably lowered. This demons-
trates the fact that measures to promote acceptance of family planning
methods have a decisive role in reducing infant mortality rates.
The TaskForce to be set up by the Foundation is intended to critically
examine' the multi-dimensional aspects of infant mortality behaviour in
India in order to develop a number of projects. The Registrar General's
office is expected to release data on infant and child mortality for 18
major States in India shortly, which would provide invaluable details
on regional diversities of the socio-economic and demographic traits of
infant mortality behaviour in different parts of India. In formulating
various projects, the Task Force will investigate the regional diversities
in the socio-economic and demographic determinants of infant mortality
behl;lviour and also to establish various facets of linkages between infant
mortality. (neo-natal and post-natal mortalities) with fertility control.
The sociological and cultural studies will form an important part of the
package of studies. The projects will be developed keeping in View the
regional pattern of linkages of higher incidence of infant mortality with
nutrition promotion, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) programmes,
Minimum Needs Programmes and Integrated Child Development
Services (JCDS) of the Development Plans to provide future guidelines
to population policies concerning infant mortality behaviour. Interna-
tional Organisation like the IDRC (International Development Research
Centre) has shown considerable interest in co-sponsoring such projects
in India developed by the Foundation.
Task Force meeting to be convened.
Rs. 30,000 (Sanctioned on 22nd March 1982)
Commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation.
SOcia-Economic Determinants of Age of Fettlale at Marriage and its
Effect on Fertility. Behaviour in India.
Prof J. G. Krishnayya, Systems Research Institute, Pune.
With the release of the 19.81.census results, considerable concern has
been· expressed in various quarters over the population growt}~ rate
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which remained more or less the saDie' during the decade 19'11-81 as
prevailed over the previous decade 1961-71. Measures to control fertility
behaviour become all the mo~e pertinent in the conten of Indian
Population Problems, as even the same growth rate is now working on.
a much greater population base.
Population experts have 'identified 'age of female at marriage' as one
of the most crucial single factors which determines fertility behaviour.
It has been observed that in China, the most populous country in the
world, raising age at marriage of the females proved to be a very
effective measure to lower fertility rates. In India,. as well, raising age
at marriage of the female especially in rural areas directly contributes
to the curtailment of the reproductive iife span of the mother ensuring
at the same time betterment of maternal health standards leading to
lowering of inCidence of infant mortaiity. Age of female at marriage in
India is also crucially inter-linked with various socio-economic factors
like per-capita income, schooling rates of girls, female literacy, genera-
tion of employment through higher female work participation in various
occupational categories and a number of other factors covering marital
behaviour of females.
The Systems Research Institute of Pune, with the assistance of both the
Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) and'the International
Labour Oragnisation (!LO) has carried out some useful, innovative
simulation models. The interim report entitled "INDIA-Basic Needs"-A
socio-economic and demographic simulation model (International Labour
Organisation, Geneva, World Employment Programme working paper
2-32/WP-25, 1981) interlinks 3 sub-systems namely, demographic, socio-
economic and basic needs. The extension' and re-structuring of the model
involving statewise .statistical data from secondary sources in respect
of fertility rate, age at marriage of females, per capita income, .high
school enrolment rates for girls, etc., is contemplated. New behavioural
equations Will l;>e framed to estimate the' impact of female age at
marriage on fertility rates in India. The Project also aims to isolate socio-
economic factors affecting female age at marriage at the all India level.
The short and long term perspectives spelling out demographic and
socio-economic implication.s of raising age at marriage of females on
fertility, as also on. employment, will be ascertained for the foreseeable
future 1980-2000. The project also aims to evolve guidelines for popula-
tion policies concerning' impact of raising female age at marriage on
fertility rates per capita income,' employment, etc.
Rs 28,000 (sanctioned on March 22, 1982 for a period of 4 months with
effect from 1st APril 1982).
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Title
A Demonstration-eum-StudyProgramme,for Family Development (with
Spe-jal .focus on family plamring) for theS0ci81 Transformation of two
Communities (Rural and Urban) in 'west Bengal
Background
The Institute of Social Change and Social Welfare has been doing for
neady last 9 years constructive work with focus on rural reconstruction
amoIlg rural and urban communities. As ,part of its overall develop-
mental interest and approach, family plannirig, has, been included as an
important developmental concern. In its work and outlook it has a
Gandhian bias. The institution was started under the leadership of Shri
JayaprakashNarayan. 'The institution in seeking assistance from the
Foundation to' develop a demonstration project on population and family
planning. along Gandhian lines.
Objectives
The long term. objective of the project is to evolve a methodology
for fighting 'poverty· and as part of this process to develop family plan-
"Ding. prc,l4tramm.ein the project area. The motivation for this will be
provided by a philosophy' described as 'no poverty society', an ideal
which falls in line with the Gandhian thinking. Firstly the project will
be on bQilding on on,-!J0ing,programme in the two areas, urban and
rural, and strengthen them with a more con,scious population programme
input. Secondly it .will try ~o develop family planning programme in a
proper persective with fo<;uson evolving a suitable methodology. The
third approach and ob~ive ,would be to reduce, infant' mortality and
prQvide maternal and .child.health care as Part of the overall programme.
'Other objectives would be to create among the people an awareness
of the availability. of family planning and health care serVices and
motivate them to nuYt~\\1se ·of them to the utmost possible extent.
Tllere ,would. be i~ programme stase~--:"(i) a survey based on the
,~~sof .individ'4a1 JariUlies awung 'at .better health and· socio-economic
~o~dition, (ii) the survey will also include the identification of all re-
sources available in tile area for the. betterment of the families, and
(iii) developing schemes and programmes based on (i) and (ii) above for.:
each of the families, especilAMythe poorer ones.
progr..
The ptogressiS "Well under ,way. After recruitment and orientation of
the staft, awareness and educatioDaI programmes have been taken up.
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Data collection has helped to develop programmes for thef8rtlilies.
Further report is awaited.
Background
The project proposal envisages the study Of people's. :participation in
family planning in India The problems of population control in India
is beset with the problems of both.'demand and supply. The supply side
has so far not received adequate •a. tten~on both from ,programme and
policy points of view. one of the crucial elements in strengthening the
supply aspect of family planning- services is to involve the people in
the process. The project, therefore, envisages the' stud;y of people's parti-
cipation in family planning to involve them in the' process. The project,
therefore, envisages the study of people's participation in family planning,
based on existing experiences, espeei:ally-those thatbave met with certain I
.amount of success. The studywiH also inclUde how people participate.
What are the institutional, formal and infornlaI struetures and processes
of participation, and the policy· imPlications of people's participation.
The study specifically involves thf! examination of a series of successful
cases of people's participation through different .organisational instruments
at the State, district and village levels. The focus of the study will be
organisational dynamics in each' case.
Progress
All the phases of theworkhav8beeD. completed-tile .critical. ex:lUnina-
tion of successful cases of people'~ participation through different orga-
nisational instruments at the State, District, Block. and ·V.Uage . levels.
As part of this approach in-depth' studies have' been made inter alia of
J.amkbed .8Il<:l Gandhigr.am l?roj~ts ... ,Also, ~he. P~chay~tsinMadhya
has been Pradesh which are 'being involv~.1rideY~Pll1ent b.~<>p local iriitiative
and participation. Overall data
also'
analYse<!.·-
The report is nearly c9mplete. It. is Jikely to be P\\lblished in the
latter part of 1982.
..
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Research Utilisation in Population and Family Planning (Research
Implications for Policy and Programme)
. Background
While there has been, over the years, in India an increase in population
research, so far no serious study has been made to identify and under-
stand the extent and nature of usage of available research. Not much is
!mown about its effectiveness and relevance. The Foundation, therefore,
thought it necessary to commission a study of this kind. The Foundation
approached the Centre for Policy' Research for undertaking research on
the subject. The overall thrust of the project is three-fold:
(1) make an assessment of existing research coverage on the various
dimensions of family planning;
(2) identify speQ.fic ways and methods of effective interface between
research and population policy making and implementation; and
(3) the institutional framework and .processes for bringing about this
interface.
Progress
The project was sanctioned in July 1980. A preliminary draft of the
research has been examined by technical experts It has also been
reviewed by the Advisory Council. The Council~has made suggestions
for not only revising the draft but also observed that scope of the recom-
mendations is too broad and varied for policy use or programme applica-
tion. A more focussed approach would be necessary. The project would
be further examined in the li~ht of review by the Advisory Council.
Title
Study of Family Planning Implementation Programme; and
Study' Of Population Policies in India
Directors
Dr Ali Baquer, Dr Ramashray Roy, Dr Rajni Kothari and Dr Prodipto
Roy.
Background The two projects are reported jointly because of a conceptual approach
common to both the prqj~ts.withc()rnmon .Directors. The first project
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was originally supported as a study was in relation to many difficulties
t.hat the country went through in the recent pastvis~a,.vis family plan-
ning. Since the two were very. closely related, particularly in their
operational aspects, the projects were reconceptualised within a common
framework. The first project was assigned to the Centre for the Study
of Developing Societies (CSDS) .and the second one to the Council for
Social Development (CSD). With regard to the second project, a special
committee was constituted to help in the designing of the project, with
the help of Prof Rajni Kothari, Prof P. B. Desai,. Dr. Pai Panadiker and
Dr. Prodipto Roy. Initial research for the second project was direcied
by Dr. Prodipto Roy but later on, for administrative reasons, it was
assigned to CSDS. Since Dr. AU Baquar was directing the first project,
it was decided, in consultation with CSD and CSDS; to transfer the
project to eSDS under the directorship of Dr. 4U Baquer.
The Study was assigned to the Council for Social Development to be
undertaken in collaboration with the Centre for th~ Study of Developing
Societies. For administrative reasons the proj~ was subsequently trans-
ferred to the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies. The final report
on its methodology and findings is being prepared by the Centre and is
awaited.
The study was carried out in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Maha-
rashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Three districts in each of the States were
included in the study. Two separate but matching questionnaires were
addressed to the providers and consumers ·of family planning services.
A total of 670 interviews were conducted with officials representing
State, District and PHC levels as well as the medical and non-medical
profesl'lions.A total of 1920 interviews with men and women on Target
Couple Registers were carried out, Half of these had been sterilised and
the other half had at least three or more living children at the time of
'the interview.
Approximately 150 officials drawn from all appropriate professions and
belonging to all administrative hierarchies in the three States were
involved in this exercise. Some remained very active throug~out the
project. All participants gave advice on most matters relating to research
from the initial stage of study design to its final stage of report writing.
The Foreword to the report has been collectively written by the three
State Family Welfare Officers.
.
Most social scientists are criticised, and perhaPs justifiably, for not
giving any feedback to those with whose help they gathered information
and collect vast· amount of· data: In the project a series of meetings were
held at the PHC, District, State· and Inter-State levels. The participants
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- were supplied with the data collected during thlfield-work of this pro-
ject and were invited to give their own interpretation. The final report
re1lects the,mmments,' suggestions and recommendations made by the
participants.
,A number of seh(,)larlyand sophisticated studies on' many aspects of
poPulation have been undertaken in the last 25 years. Even a quick review
of these provides. imponantinsights on the impact governmental pro-
grammes have on the public and their attitudes, values and behaviour.
Yet very little is known :by way of systematic analysis of the relationship
between the evolution of government policy on population and the trends
in population growth.
In developing countries the initiative for change often comes from the
government. It, therefOlle, becomes crucial for scholars in the develop-
ing countries to know how policies from vague intentions to clear
decisions are made and how they are then executed in the field, what
feedback are received by the policy .makers, how they improve their
relevance and efficiency.
The work on the first two stages has been completed. The good-will and
cooperation of all relevant agencies in the States of Kamataka and
Kerala had been enlisted to carry out the third phase. Since the Project
Director was also responsible for guiding the study of the Family
Planning Implementation Programme, he modified the design of the
third phase to take advantage of the experience of Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Uttar· Pradesh. The new Strategy intended to engage
two officials each from· the three States to work in Kamataka and
Kerala for 2-3 months to complete the third and final phase of the
project on population policies in India. The officials from Andhra
Prade9h, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh who have got 'trained' in
participative method of analysis of problems would help their counter-
parts from Karnatakaand Kerala to search for the answers to the
questions raiSed in the position paper.
The two reports have been long over due. Intensive follow-up is being
dOReto get the reports em-Iy and take on·possible dissemination, including
publication.
Rs. 2,58,000 (sanctioned in November 1977)
Bs. 2,7{),ooO (sanctioned in July 1915)·
Cehtre for the Study of Developing Societies' (Earlier the Council of
Social Development was also involved, in PrOject No. 45)
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Title
Changing Family Organisation ~g~~
and Garos.,....AStudy.
Background
There are few studies on the family ()1'ganisationamong the matrilineal
groups of North-East India, espet:ia11y',,<>t1thesirocial demography. A
detailed study of this would· contrtbute greatly to our knowledge and
understandings of their special pMblems. This would' 'be of interest not
only to academicians but' also to pelicy makers including those of family
planning. Several 'scholars have st~ed the need for the family planning
programme to employ a moretegionalawroach, taking into considera-
tion the vastly difte~nt situation in different parts of the Country. Besides
this is one of the very few-studies with"a strongcultul'al anthropology
orientation.
Keeping this 'view in mind, the TOUndationi'nteracted with the' North-
Eastern Hill University to explore theposSiblities to 'that University,
Playing a more meaningful role i'nthe population field. The present
research project is an outcome of these discussions.
Much of the data has been gathered' but the serious illness of the
Project Director has caused a 10118 delay. Also he has moved to the
Central University of Hyderabad~'A.P.As things stand, he may have
to shift the project to Hyderabad.Col"tespondence is nOWgoing on with '
the Vice-Chancelor of NEHU in this matter. The project was sanctioned
in November 1977and operationalized in 1978.
'
Background
This project came up as a result of interaction between the Economic
andSoctal Cormnissionfor' Asia atld'the'Paciflc' (ESCAP) and the Family
Planning'FOundation, for brillgHtf6Ut aiM~Ph'
on the Population
of India. This is to be prepared dn1heb8Sis 'of'a genrera1 design for all
the cfountries"h\\the ,region. The E'XeeU'five'Dlte€todriSCUSsetdhe general
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approach of the project in October 1976 with the. ESCAP. The study
got tinder way in June 1978. The project is being funded by the Founda-
tion and the ESCA.P. Later the Indian Association for the Study of Popu-
lation '(IASP)w8s inVitE¥dto'collaborate in the project because of its high
technical standing in the peld of population.
The Family Planning Foundation convened a meeting of all the
chapter writers and had a detailed discussion on the outline and content
of each cha,pter.~)le ES~AP entered into a contract with the individual
authors for writing thevl;lrious cha,pters. .
There has been $ubstantial delay in the first instance becaUSe coordi-
nating the work Q~ the several chapter writers and the corresponding
agen~ies, na,mely the Ji'oundation, the ESCAP and the IASP between
. themselves and the authors Secon4ly the delay in the latter part was
a 'result of deliberation action. This was done to revise the relevant
chapters in the light of the 19tH Census and its likely implications for
;not only contents of. the chapters .but also for its policy implications.
,. All the .chapter~ have been completed by the respective authors.
tSCAP is currently editing the chapters~this is the political editing as
requir~ for all. UN publications.,
The project is a cOllaborativeefiort of the FamilY Planning Foundation,
ESCAPand, the In,dian Association for the Study of Population (IASP).
Director
Dr K R Sastry (This is a collaborative project between the Gandhigram
Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust and the Family
Planning Foundation).
Background
The International Women's Decade provided to the Foundation an oppor-
tunity for seeking meaningful rese~cb in Women, Population and
Development. For family planning to succeed, it is necessary that the ener-
gies of women in g~.l:'~ and of women who are actively participating
in the economic and social life of the country are suitably organised and
mobilised.
The project seelq; ~o4iscuss the problem of Women's status as related
,to- population pheno:meJ:\\a,in depth and to suggest ways and ideas to
bring women into the mainstream of national life, and the necessary
organisati~nal structures for the same. The overall objective of the
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project is to help improve the status of women and to bring them into
the mainstream of thecountry'seeonotnic andst>ciaFdevelopments acti-
vities and consequently to suppottthe'riational (family welfare) pro-'
gramme. The work involves preparation 'of a case study of women in
organizational work situations followed by a seminar. The participants
and invitees to the seminar are expected to be drawn from the organiseCl
sector, professional associations, especially ofWOIIlen.
A panel drawn from among the participants Vvowdfinalise the recom-
mendations for policy and actiott purposes.
I
The project was sanctioned in July 197~.The project was initiated only
after assured institutional base was arranged for. (This was something
of prolonged and circuitous process, especially because of requisite exper-
tise not being readily available).
'
Dr K R Sastry of the Gandhigram Institute has completed the study.
This covered a survey'of women 'in urban andtul'al areaSattd da~
collection and analysis of the same.
It was visualized when the project was designed to review the report
in a seminar. The seminar was to be attended by a few persons involved
in Women Population and Development, inter alia for purposes of disse-
mination and sensitization. With the passage of time, this exercise is con-
sidered not necessary. However, a Task Force of the highest possible
expertise would critically examine the report for possible dissemination
and other uses. The Task Force is likely to meet in the middle of June
1982.
Title
Developing Population Programme for North-Eastern Hill University
(NEHU), Shillong.
Background
The Foundation in its efforts to create relevant kind of regional approa-
ches in understanding the population problem has been interacting with
the North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU) for some time now, with a
view to bring about serious interest in population of a relevant kind in
that region.
The Foundation felt that if the resources of the University and research
institutions of the area are tapped properly, they could playa meaning-
ful role in the furtherance of the population programme. The previous
Vice-Chancellor of the NEHU University had expressed his willingness
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t.c? ,\\IP.~1"t~.;PrQ~r,~O eyolv~ .W.~l~,popp1ati()ll l'~arch strate,gy
tqr,;t~,~$itiyes~,phical,al'ea.
The ·~tter. however, could not be
p,qr~~ f(?r sop1et~ qUe to. theretir~~t
. Chan~eUQr,
..
of the previous Vice-
The new Viee-ehan~Uor lwls ..showed interest in the' programme. He
b..". viewst~;jdea of co~r"tion between the F~untiation and NEHU
favoUl'~QlyH, e. :bo;we,V•.eSI:J1B8estedthat· when the uneasy situation
in the region impr()ves,the,proiect can be activised. He felt that from
a long-term' point of view. the universities in that part of the country
sbould t,*ethe ~ ·in developing appropriate research studies that
relate to population. d~velopmentand resources.
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Brief Details 01 Ong~ing Project8
V. Marketing, Manasementand Administration
With an. Introduc~orll NQte
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V. Marketing, Mauagement and Administration
Title
Demonstration Project in Community Based Distribution (CBD) of Con-
traceptives and Community Based Surgical Services (CBS)
Director
Dr Ramdas Pai
Background
The project is a result of the combined thinking and planning of the
Kasturba Medical College Hospital (KMCH) and the Family Planning
Foundation (FPF). The overall thrust of the project is to bring to the
family planning· effort the strength and genius of management and
marketing approach. It aims to demonstrate the feasibility and effective-
ness of creating a self-sustaining system for providing oral contraception
to all eligible women at risk in South Kanara D1istrict of Karnataka,
through community based distribution of oral contraceptive pills, and
also making available to them family planning surgical services of mens-
trual regulation (MR) and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP),
through the proper training of locally available medical doctors. The
emphasis is on programtrie'·being eventually made, in terms of distribu-
tion cost, a financially viable proposition, which. if successful can be
replicated in otherp¢s of the coUntry. This demonstration project in
South Kanara District will cover an area of 8400 sq. kms. divided into
306 villages and' '18 towns with an approximate population of 22,09,000.
(A) Community Based Distribution of Oral Contraceptives (COD)
301 distribution centres are to be established in the District. Each
distribution centre is to be managed by a Distributor, who. will b~ a
mature woman belonging to the local community. For this they will be
guided by locally available medical practitioners, who have license for
prescribing the "Pill". 30 supervisors recruited from the community
after undergoing training at KMCH, will supervise the functioning of
Distributors. For each month's supply of contraceptive pills, the acceptor
is to be charged Re 1, out of which 60 paise will be kept by the Distribu-
tor as her incentive money, and the remaining reimbursed to the central
office, which money, when the project is in full swing atfer about 3 years,
will be sufficient to provide for the services of the administrative set up
including Supervisors.
(B) Community Based Family Planning Surgical Services (CBS)
This is essentially an extension of the CBD project, in as much as it
will provide termination I..)fpregnancy through surgery to women desir-
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10.10 Page 100 |
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ing it, on a voluntary basis, especi~lly in cases where oral contraception
has failed. The surgical procedures to be adopted will depend upon the
duration of the pregnancy. If the pregnancy has not lasted for more than
six weeks, the simple surgical procedure of MR will be used. However,
in caseS where pregnancy is more advanced, MTP requiring a more ela-
borate surgical procedure will be used. These will be undertaken only
by those qualified physicians who have been suitably trained for this
purpose.
J
The Foundation initially provided a planning grant of Rs 30,000 which
helped the development of the project design. The project was approved
in principle by the Foundation, with a total budget of Rs 11,50,700,the
Foundation bearing only part of these espenses and a supporting grant
to be received from another agency in USA.
As the Government of India's clearance for obtaining the' grant from
the foreign agency was not received, the Foundation approved initiating
the project in 1/3rd of the District of South Kanara, with a grant of
Rs 4,50,000.
The project in the restricted area has been put into operation in three
taluks-one coastal, one interior and the third one in a hilly tract. The
project could not be put into operation earlier than April 1981, as the
Government of India's permission' for distribution of the contraceptive
pills through Community Based Distributors was not received. The
Ministry of Health had previously permitted the distribution of the pills
by the Government ANM's and other Government para-medicals attach-
ed to their Primary Health Centres and Sub-Centres, under the guidance
of the doctors. It is only ·recently that the Government's permission has
been given that the voluntary organisations can take up the distribution
of the pills either through Register.ed Medical Practitioners who have
licence for this, or through those categories of health personnel who
are considered equivalent in training and experience to the GovernlJlent
para-medical heatlh workers.
Since then the KMCH, Manipal, has been able to secure additional
finances on their own, which has enabled them to extend the activitie-s
of this project to the whole of South Kanara District, with effect from
October, 1981.
Rs 30,000 (planning grant Sanctioned in January 1979)
+ Rs 4,50,000 (Sanctioned in April 1981)
+ (Grant directly obtained by K M C H Manipal)
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11 Pages 101-110 |
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11.1 Page 101 |
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VI .Confefcneesl Semiaa:rs 1<WOf>kshops
.
With an IlltrOducr'iiiyNote
. .'
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11.2 Page 102 |
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While recognising the gravity of the population problem, the Founda-
tion, to a limited extent, supports· conferences, seminars and workships
dealing with population growth viewed as a retarding "element in the
process of development. Accordingly, the Foundation supported the con-
ference discussing the major population concerns' and challenges thrown
up by the Census of India 1981. The conference on broad population .
policy perspectives concerning fertility, mortality and migration beha-
Viour in the developing countries of the Asia and the Pacific Region
(ESCAP) also received support. The Foundation further helped in orga-
nising a seminar on population problems viewed in the context of preva-
lence of poverty, inadequate supplies of food and nutrition and other
infra-structural deficiencies. A workshop on promotion of use of oral
pills and a critical evaluation of non-biomedical aspects of oral pills is
currently going to be commissioned by the Foundation.
Director
Background
Mr P Padmanabha; President, Indian Ass6cfation for the Study of Popu-
l\\ation,
and Registrar
'
General,
.. .
India.
During January 27-29, 1982, the Indian Association for the Study of
Population held its Annual Conference at Sri Venkateswara University,
Tirupati. The Conference aimed to examine and to highlight the challenges
thrown by the recent 198-1 Census data revealing various aspects of
population gr.owth in India. Based on recent trends in population distri-
bution, urbanisation, literacy profile, migration, sex ratio etc., as revealed
by the latest 1981 censils, many papers were invited and ,discussed
during the. Conference. The Foundation supported the theme of the
Conference and provided financial assistance towards the cost of travel-
ling of young scholars and professionals. Additional funds were further
granted to ensure that a brochure on proceedings of the Conference is
brought out for wider dissemination of consensus reached at the Confer-
ence on recent trends in population problems as well as the recommend-
ations on population issues made by the Conference.
Progress
Conference was held during January 27-29, 1982 at Tirupati and the
brochure is being currently prepared;
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11.3 Page 103 |
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Rs 15,000, additional Rs 10,000 f<jTcofup'llatiort:of' the~:rochure,
tioned on December 4, 1981).
)
,.
Indian Association for the Study Of P~pulation.
(sanc-
Title
International Silver Jubilee Conference on Population Policy Perspectives
in ESCAP' Region organised by the International Institute for Population
Studies .
. Director
Dr K Srinivasan, Director, International Institute for Population Studies,
Bombay.
Background
As a part of the Silver Jubilee Celebrations during 1-3, Decembe:r 1981,
the International Institute for Population Studies, Bombay, organised
an International Conference to discuss "Population Policy Perspectives
for Developing Countries of the ESCAP Region". The Conference was
followed by a one day seminar on "Demography of the Disabled".
Various aspects of population growth including political, social, and
economic background .of the developing countries of ~sia and the Pacific
region were covered under the deliberations of the conference. Attempts
were also made to prescribe policy aIterna~ves in terms of fertility,
mortality and migration. The Foundation supported the cause of the
Conference and sanctioned funds to partially meet travelling costs of
young research scholars who participated in the Conference.
Director
I
Background
Sponsored by the Family Planning Foundation
The present project (Workshop) involves a two-stage exercise: The
first, a critical status review of oral·pills in all its aspects followed by
a workshop for making policy recommendations and specific alternative
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11.4 Page 104 |
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I' ,wa,tqies Q! ..•. fi.\\1PPQrti;v:~e .t.prward ~~g chara~er for' prolUoting
the use 'of the pills, with the ~ of th~'h,ish~ expertise in the country
and from outside. The focus of the project would be on the non-biomedi-
cal aspects of~he()r.al ~ills.
If the country is to make a real dent into the p<>pulationproblem, the
need for spacing methods is critical. Most of the family planning effort
has been through sterilisation programmes. Sterilised couples tend to have
a largenWribeI' of children~ They get steriliSed orily after their children
.•surviveloftge arid'tre insufficient numbers to provide security in their
old age. Sterilisations themselves, it is increasingly r~ognised, are not
the answer to the p<>pulationproblem.
Motivation' m,aCcepttng 'spacing methods· for younger couples requires
,techniques and approaches somewhat different from· those used for steri-
lisation. The latter essentially stems from the medical and health system ..
The basic' focusnof·the,iW'orkshOp, therefore, is on the non-biomedical.
. TheWorkshoJi)i will.~ based on commissionedpapel's ..The areas covered
will 'include the orgaiUaational .and management aspects, commercial
marketing, social marketing, community based distribution, production,
manufacture,etc.
The first set of exe~ises will include a· general background paper
which will spell out the'scope and conceptl,lal framework of the Work-
shop. Along with tbiswouldbetheme papers.on subjects indicated above.
There ~befi.ve'or
six case atudie:s baSed on Indian experience.
There would becount:ry papers from developing countries based on tested
experience. ThesewiUprovide the basis of discussions for the Workshop.
,I
The Workshop will.~ att~d.ed by about 20 ,participants including 4/5
foreigners from developing countries. They will include experts from
the managemeJilt andiplarketing field, ,those in fanrlly planning who
have experimented with new innovations like the community based
distribution,rep~n~t~ves.
of central/state/local health departments,
those with direct experience in oral pills programme, representatives
of drug and pharmaceutical industry with active/p<>tential interest in
regular wholesale/retail distribution of oral pills, and programme aqmini-
strators and researchers from developing countries who have practical
experience of administmng oral pill programmes.
i
\\
The first stage of the WorkShop has begun. Invitations have gone to
various authors to write papers and other participants of the Workshop
are beinS' icientifiedThe comtnissione<ipapers are expected to be sent
to the Foundation I by the authors by the middle of June 1982 and the
WQrkShop itself would beheld in the, middle of August 1982. Mr B Shan-
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11.5 Page 105 |
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katanand, ,JdiniSterofRealtlt-,8DCt'.'FJJmily, Welfater"')bee!1 approached
to iniugwt8tie the Workshop." Ie'- )
Sponsored-by the Family .PlanninB'Fouri~"
PROJECT NO. 55
Sponsored
jointly by
Centre for Policy Research and' Family Planning FOlmdation .
.l
This seminar based on C()JIllDjssfaaedstudies andpape1'S' was organised
to discuss the crucial aspects of tbe-"p~m'of
population, poverty and
hoger.and especially the availatH:lity of ,food and sudl· inequities as
lack of educatioIi,'malnutrition anti ill-health, which .make the burden
of poverty even more unberable.l,Hunger isa ftActall·the world _over.
It was felt that the seminar- would focUs-more ptilposeftilly on the con-
sequences of increasing population, poverty and" hunger-tor the stability
of socio-cultural, econOrnic and political institutions; the lessons of suc-
cessful experiments for the deSign of'a,viable'matlix 'of development
"policies. and anti-poverty and anti-htuiger protFammes; and poli~ical
and administrative implications of! fCJJ'l'l'lUhiting;andimPlementing alter-
native strategies.
'
The basic objectives of organising the abOve seminar were-
(1) To help in'distilling the experience<of selected'official and lton'-Ofti-
cial agencies which have doneiagreatdealof'WM'k'in
recent years
on anti-poverty strategies at the grassroots level and suggest policy
measures for the future exPansion of·such· work.
(2) To help in exploring the economic aspects of anti-poverty program-
mes as well as such social aspects as· approaches' ;to .the motnlisation
and organisation of the poor, population control, and such key under-
pinnings of population control as removal of illiteracy and malnutri~
tion and improvement of heatlh standards.
Eight theme papers and fourteen case study ~pers were discussed at
the seminar which was held from June 10-12, 1981 at Pune. About 40
senior representatives of voluntary. agencies, officials, academicians and
policy practitioners from all over India participated in the seminar These
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11.6 Page 106 |
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included Mr·BG Verghese,PranChapra, Shri(j VK Raa, former Mem-
ber of the Planning Commission, Shri Manibhai Desai, Shri Arvind
Mafatlal, Dr (Mrs) Mable Arole, Dr (Mrs) Banoo Coyaji, Shri M L Mehta,
Former Secretary to Chief Minister of Rajastb,an,Prof V M Dandekar,
Dr J D Sethi, former Member of Planning Commission, and other.
Several successful exa,mples of both approaches were examined at the
seminar. Some of them were presented in person by past and present
officials of the Union and State Governments who have themselves helped
in developing these strategies. Several more papers were presented by
the leaders of some' of the most important voluntary agencies, and by
others who have had the opportunity of studying these e'f;periments. ~
number of case studies were also received from voluntary agencies which
were unable to be represented in person.
The deliberations of the seminar helped in arriving at a statement of
consensus which was unanimously adopted.
. Some of the highlights of this consensus is that there is a basis of
hope for solving the problems of poverty and hunger. Tested approaches
both at the micro-level and the national level have proved economical
and effective. As part of this, the problem of population can be solved
effectively. Organizing the poor, it was agreed, was an imperative
necessity.
One important reason why poverty persists is that it is not yet suffi-
ciently widely known that it can be removed at such low cost and so
beneficially to society as a whole as has b~en shown in the studies exa-
mined at the seminar. It was, therefore, felt that these twin facts, the
high benefits and low costs of many experiences in the removal of poverty,
should be made more widely known.
The report is under' revision for publishing. Early steps will be taken
for extended dissemination.
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11.7 Page 107 |
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List of Completed/ Closed Projects
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11.8 Page 108 |
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Sl.· ..Title 01 the Project
No.
I. Health Related Programmes
1. Family Planning through Village Level
Workers
2. Developing Effective Maternal and. Child
Health Services in Rural Areas in
India
3. Integrating Family Planning and Health
Care through Community Welfare Centre
for Women and Children
4. Research in the Methodology of Health
Delivery
5. Training-cum-Action in Pregnancy
Counselling
6. Total Health Care including Family
through a Voluntary Hospital
7. InitiatW a. Pr0Jr~
.-~4l,*hh "~d M~g
., ~tegrated
pariibiPEiUefl' '.
of Voluntary Organisations
8. Action Research Project on Community
Action for a Programme of Integrated
Health and Family Planning
9. Future Development of Health and
Medical Services with special Refer-
ence to Family· Planning-Health
for All
10. Feasibility Study for 'Development of
Voluntary Health Services' Voluntary
F.P. Project in Tamil Nadu
1L Chinese Barefoot Doctors
List of Completed!
Amount
Sanctioned
1,39,000
(plus 45,000
for consultancy
services)
50,000
II. Biomedical Research
12. Biomed1cal Study Group
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11.9 Page 109 |
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Prip.cipal Investigatorl
Project Director
Late Mrs Mary Clubwala
Dr T Janardhanan and' -'",,,
Dr Rajasekharan
Dr Tarun Banerjee
Social 'Vlouk '.ut, Beseuch • centre,
Tilonia..!
'Bo.tlJraduate" rfesti.tUte, Qf,!; ·.Medi~
Educatioa·8iJIi; ~ch;
Qhaodjgarh.
IPrillcess1 ERn .W'OIIlen'. n~~l
Centre, Hyderabad.
"'1:.'
;t
•.• ,.:,:,;:",;
- r.
f.
Yedic~·.nepar1ment iDti the·CMwches
of South II1(:ti.a,,~erala.•!.,
Guild of Services, Madras.
Amiya i i'Bahetjee ..·.Charitlble ..Trust,
Calcutta· ',' 'Wi "
PO~j
~(;ill'.06,,;m~Ua.;.··New
Delhi;
a.,am····,Ninnan,~al, ,.~ra,
Bihar.
,t,', '.. :urc '.'
,
·Dr V Ramalingaswami
., *lnciiu a~; )pfn~l,,-a.s$rcP;
··Dr J P Naik (and 12 other
members of the Committee
set up to write the Report
of the Study Group)
New:J)eWe4.,·J},( -.,,')'qi,";'
N.w .~
~1'
Research,
a.f.. ~.)
~'1;
.$cience
;f:
Dr K S Sanjivi
~e VQ~·Ji[~,-.!,.$er:vices
Medical Centre, Adyar,· Madl'~
"'t " J l
i f t ••
'
I~
All India ~tute :,pf-"'i~Cal
'J •.. .scten~j!,N~'~U*iJl·~laQorati~
,,'With ihe,,~~:!Pl~
i'ounda-
tiOJl; !'
pi
';: ·'-'-':_~,_-.(:-+i',
;~'~<j'
Commissionedrtbv,FPtf.~
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11.10 Page 110 |
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SI.
NQ."
13. Mechanism:\\~(Acii~h of Some Anti-
fertility Agents on the Contractility
of the Fallopian Tube
14. Prostaglandin Involvement in the
':Regulation ca Male andFel'na1e
Fertility
~; ; Studies on Certain Immunological
f: :AiJpeCts of.ReprOdUction
I
16>' Designing ·a 'Study on. Biologic:al
Decay
17. Antifertility Effects of Intranasal
'Administration ',of Prostoglandins
to Rhesus Monkeys'
-
18. Study: Group 'on- Sixth,rFive-Year Plan
(with specific focus on reviewiiig the
,:populatioft.,arid ,JlamIly,Planning Policy
and Programme of the Plan).
19. Film on Population and Family
Planning with' Ft>cus ,on Womeri
,20. Family Planning Communication for
young Rural Married Couples
21; 'Comm~n
fot-Social Marketing:
A Method~logy fot-DeveIoPing"-
CommuniCation A:ppeals for, Fafilily . i • "}
Planning Pl'ogrBmme-
22. Analytical Case Study of an Innovative
Programme1in Population and' ·Family
Planning ~','
.
23. Publication of 'Demography India' a
.;ibi.4mnual Journal"
24. :I:rltfuvlltive' Aj)pr9ach :for the C~ation of
Delhamt' and JPl'OMf)tionof COMmunity
Involvement and Participation in
Family Welfare Planning PrograriUne
25. Functional Liter(lCY and Family Life
Planning Education '-, '
t '.!""'~~d!.!R2l>lulI
Sanctioned
1,30,000
1,47,200
5,000
4,500
1,25,000
5,000
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12 Pages 111-120 |
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12.1 Page 111 |
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PrinCipal Investigatorl
Projecf Director
Dr SK Guha
Dr Chander Prakash and
Dr Ranjit Roy
Chaudhury
Commissioned by FPF
Dr C P Puri
Dr T C Anand Kumar
.' Allh1dia,;lnstiNte"
of' ,Medical
Sciences, Ne'Of Delhi.' .
Raja Peary: [Mohan ,pauege, Uttar-
. para,Ca1cUtt;a::J and ·Ce.nttal "Drug
Rese8rchlnStitUte~LtJ.ckmow. "
POStsr8(lulit~;. Institute· , .of 1.•..•Medical
EducatiOn: amfB8eal'th, ChaDdigarh.
All India rlDstituteof'
Sciencet,'lNew'Delhi~ ,'.
Medical
Task Group under
Dr Malcolm
S Adiseshaiah
Mr R Jain and
Mr A Srivastava
Dr Labdhi Pat Raj
Bhandari
Dr (Miss) Amita Bardhan
and Dr D C Dube
"Centre WI" J)eveiopme.rrt::o£:~truc-
tionaf Technol.oltY" (CENDIT) New
Delhi.
.
C ~-'
Indian" Institute of 'Management,
, AhMedabad.
'.i'
;:~.:
·,,"":'j~i/
f~_~":'
Indian A:gricultural Research Insti-
tute, 'Delhi.'
,,
Indian ~'atiortfot
.. theStU-EIy' of
POl>Jlatfon. }!~ ;'/,;' ,
National Instifut~ 'l()f,',He.lthl and
Farmlt'·' ~f8te;:,j Man~ka;' New
De1hi:"')'Ef"
'if.' ,,'
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-------,--,.,..,....,""""'""."...,,~---------------
SI. Title of Iflif\\,p"tMct,
.
AmQunt
No.
,St!znctioned
~jb.H6ptilaiion.:dfd~
LJ(),f,~on;-.&chool
Going Youths{~Itt1?}):
27. Pilot Project on Training Rural Leaders
.' ;;J Jin PopWa~olJi.awl1DevelsP~p.~
).~~(,Pubticatien rot: tlJe; 1S~Jll ~Jli!s of
Urdu.aadEflgliiSb iQltl~ly J9umals
IJ;~i;i)~MamoAur _~tJ a<li<lIutA4 ::~}oIJIn
,"t>;:!al'MlLttre~l~~
with~:,Family
Planning, Theme
29. Publicity Programme for. FPF
30. Workshop for Developing and Materials
""",.aItd EnhandngJSIdl1s ,!Alh.-rti$t,.. photo-
. graphers!co_Wdtfift ;(rom;R~Q$than and
Gujarat State Health and Family
Welfare l)epartments and Directorate
of Audio Visual Publicity
31. Action Demonstration Project Using
FunctionaL 4iitetac)<P~amm~ as a
Catalytic for Social Action
32. International Conference of Parlia-
mentarians on Population and
Development~boi-rJ,'7.p
33. Developing the Role of Local Women's
-:~';j ,!~am~\\.·/i'etnilJ'
:Pl~jp.g
Ace~)J>Y;~
tOec;
Status of Women
,Mil :Aptian- ,Demonsi11ltion, ;p~~ to
Identify Successful .A.~Ms
to
Tackle Resistant Communities
IV. rolley Reasel'ch anti Evaluation
,..,i..T:<d .... :·L)~b:..L~,'}~·TLc!·l:n'L.):)~i:.:U\\ 1u.:;i~
35. A Study of Popul~~f ~licy, '
and the Legal. FrQiework
;3.6'! 'at~;8t~Y~~1~OP
"Education as partot~l.;;
'.'{
c:;". ~onj.jn
~G{'i
[,;r;'.ir,'/
',3izNo'l~
~~
fOfj~vation
in Family Planning-A De~stration
Project in a Rural Area in U.P,
,MiJ~\\jpf).f~J~}'f~'
,
Foundation's work
,';1tw.+!,r
]";~i!
46,064
25,000
62,500
10,000
10,000
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12.3 Page 113 |
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,Principal Investigatorl
Project Director
MrNatu
Prof K M Sharma and
Mr D K Sharma
Late Prof S Abid
Hussain
,Allm4ia3~ayat
,l)elhiJ ";,
Islam and ~m
.• i. fJ1Ul'iia f~~'
,~w
i?8rishad;, New
'::; i" ;' f,
Age ....S&:iety,
:QeDit. ! . !-; . i ~
C~ssioned
by FPF
Mr Ashok Chatterjee
.:iN.~~lf·m-tti~
-daba<t'l t,,·
,.ni ;~,
Ahme-
,:
i::: :. /'-~ :"t}~".~~:-- -{"~j ,~-:! Il[)IJ;.:.fUf'i:q,
lA_~i'~HPQbaJrig~l~:t&zam-
~f1':?[;jc·g~btT ·iL.rt~:f-'fK"-'~~ ~hjir·..;.~
:).", ~.. t'Y:.(1)(.;_,~·_:-~"·':
~:~n:)(1 ;,,.'~,n)"J"I
,I~~ii~' &~~~ .f;~t .~. ""u.nent-
!' '~~'If:fqr :l~oDl~msJftf :p~atign _
and ~~dIAPP.~)i
Commissioned by FPF.
,{h;'jJP '.: :',
i; ;:'/:-'~:~~'t~:,:lJ!_. E1_L"~'I::!'~ t}n~' '"]';1 :','t~)_(;"-:-i_~'(~. __}
'Xhe".Q~;~! Sttr~., ,~w J;)elhL
~,' ; 'fl i [.
The ·~~J.t;:;LM.'j ~M~
f( ,;
~
Pap~i~9tt¥n~.
~wi:~Ilii.
1l)~~l'Jl~~ t~*,t~,,~·. ,pqpqlaticm.
Studies, Bombay.
,'~[(:';,·n;.::
titera~; ;H~~,L~~~'f:;i:"'~n~; '.
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12.4 Page 114 |
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Sl. Title or'h~prohct
No.
39. Status Stu~ .pi.PopUlation' Research
in India on Management
,40. :M&tivatiohfor .P1aIU1ed'Parenthood-
A Preliminary Study of Muslim
Families in' aCi1lt '
41. Establishing a Mechattical TabUlation
Research Cell· for Family Planning
Programme of the Christian Medical
Association of India, Bangalore
42. Developing a Progr~e of Research
'm Popuiati01'l8l\\d, ;Fatnily Planning
from a Sociological and BehatTioural
Point of view with Particular
Reference to Urban, Tribal and
Rural Communities
43. Population Policy-2,000 A.D.: A.
St~dy:'Of ,thtf;Rela~:Ship· between
Population and Economic Development
44. India's Population-Aspects of
- ,QUality and Oen~rol ,"
'45. Status StudY'on~pt1lation Research
in Indis"(Tbree'VOIUmesf'"
46. A Diachronic Study of Changes in
Contraceptive and Fertility Behaviour
.1ft a TamiINa~ Villagec and its Eight
Harijan Hamlets during the Decades 1956-76
47. An Across the Board Survey of
UNICEF's Involvement in Popu-
tion Activities in India"
4& EvaiuatiohOf GujaNt State
:-Massive Va8ectomy;'Campaign
'49-,;-Population Edueati~ forUrtiversity
Students
.
50. Determinants of Fertility Ch~ge in
Tamil Naidil'c ."",·i 'r
51. Analysis of Secondary Data to Deter-
mine Wastage of Children
Amount
Sanctioned
,25,000
30,000
95,000
21,200
6,43,548
70,658
70,000
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12.5 Page 115 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director
PrQf ,J K Satia and
Prof R Maru
Dr Imtiaz Ahmed
--
. ---
,,;.JD4ian 7r~,1!i•t• f Qii' Man~eIJt;
·AJqn~4. ",
Jaw~UilN4fhr,u·.Umers"Yr
,New
Delhi.
j'.f,
;
Christian MediCal, c" Assc>cW~ of
·.India, Bangalore.
Dr M N Srinivas
Dr ,E A Ramaswamy (Rural)
Dr A R Desai (Urban)
Dr, Udai Pareek,
Dr T V Rao,
Mr S P Jain and
Dr G P Talwar
Prof A Aiyappan
. I.~~tre ;f9rtPoijcy Research, New
.D~lhi
Family ;P~inS . Foundation, lCSS1~
and JNU.
~ssio~
QyFPF.
:M;adrasc.Insti~llt:e o!. .De~pment
Studies. . .
Under the direction of
Prof J C Kavoori
Dr D V N Sharma
Dr K D Gangrade
Dr L Ramachandran
".'.
I
Dr Surjit Kaur
._ ,t
••
>
!
>,
Family Plan~
Fo,undation.,
...r:
OperatiOns,~rch,
.-
,Gr()uP~Baroda. '
D~, School'.of ,&Jci~I'Work;"New
Delhi.
Municipal Corporatio\\l, Madr.as,. ,anq
.Gaiidhigfarn.·:"· 'tnstttbte of' , Rural
H~ijl·lan<t .~~IY:i,Welfar'e lTrus't.
Mad~r:fIi.!i ""
COlQlC~;,fQr; (. ,Social ",Development,'
New Delhi.
|
|
12.6 Page 116 |
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51. Title 01 th~3·,pio;eet
No.
IT
zi~"
5~1"8tUdy;M tHe' ~mhs
oft~ntives
and Disincentives in ·Pfjlbtty'Piiinning
58} J~FaaillY·PiturniBg' :mhovatim· in' India:
An Anthropological Study , r
54 Projects in connection with World
PopUltirtim Yelll'! i:r ~/
(i) Publications
-80,000
(ii) Conferences/Seminars
17,125
55., Population and Poverty in the Indian
Slums
56. Status Study of the Family Planning'
Component in the Urban Community
Development (UCD) and other Impli-
cations for Family Planning
Programme in India
.
51./S~-6f
;F81Yliiy) 1tlanriingEdu_~ation
in the Schools of Social Work ift" India
58. ,()rganisationf?r Chana~.: A, System
.AnalySiS>efF8!nByPl'aitning'in Rural
India Publication Grant
59. Study of Naturll.l Pamily Planning
Methods
60. Sex Differential in Parental Attitudes
towards Female Children as indicated
~gh "Child ~gr PraC'ti~
61. Publication of a journal of1:heF"amily
Planning Activities of the Christian
Medical Association. of .Indilll (CMAI)
62. The~CO!Telat~ of MtiSl1fil Flemlity in
the Urban Setting: A Case Study of
Kanpur City (Publication Grant)
63; '~liJion.:1u\\\\iWOftlen:A'·Programme
based for the International
(M}/DeVl!1oi>irigrRfisearch arid
sWtao~me:n's
Year
Capabilities
.
v~rMnk.~/~ T- :'~~
,-, .',' _-·~i.-
'-,-t: .. )=:-"'-" .. , ",t ... I,-,--:,
" '-,';
,&.MmlnistratiOD'
Lh >.' ,l
j"'-'
,',
-, ~ ~. ' j
'". -
"-'
61l.uStrategies"forS l'adly,;pIanning
in the Indian Industrial ~
66; . PopUlatiOn 8Rd;·Women ihthe
Organised Sector
:' i
AmDunt
Sanctil:med
28,000
10,000
6,500
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
45,000
|
|
12.7 Page 117 |
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PrinCipal Investigatorl
\\-'Pt';j~cr Director
Dt' V' A Pai Panandiker
/ ',';!Ceft'treiJfOi' ~/~
Delhi.
B•••• _/~Njew
tn'':;; :k:) J-i.
Und,* the Direction of
Prof J C Kavoori
Under the Direction of
Prof J C Kavoori
if. nieqr[t('{:) ;.t:;;}on.cf(I
Family Planning Foundation.
Dr Amritananda Dils and
Prof Sugata Dasgupta
Mrs Tara All Baig
::·1'.h~.
~ot:Boc:ial{Wo~k,
',~NeW DJIIlhi,",~,_·)jr:Hr) ii','"':! 'l:H ir:
Indianu niziftUUtliIl ·liO.£::;' ',TectlnBlogy;
'~f,~,Bo.Ii1IJa)tB·(·;1:'.'~f1uJr.:'/ ~";·'l.i"· f f::j -:f-l$~,jt
f-:;;:: ;'?flUrr.
I /~-"'-,?(:<:f
l·:~
Commissioned by Family""Pldning
POUQdatfim., if,i,' r-: '}
.,;; ,.
Indian:: :001DI81 f ,'Ok, ChiJ,c1[;,welfare,
New Delhi.
:>4'~/'l ::-:"';i<1
,~'):, j ~atibDB·i1tIiIe.,eh'~,
.Baroda.
r 1·"; ,'iiU{~:
S"): ; ;') ,(;f-~,~I (~{;::-/;,;-"-,~
,f.
~,Hi il.ffb t(l
PopuIati.Oftl,&8ticilCioi[~
'.t
nWCI);~'
Prof, eNS Nambudiri
Prof B R Sharma
|
|
12.8 Page 118 |
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Sl. Title oft~ PI-a/eet
No.
61;/;.Funclionah AQalysis of·,the ..Primary
Health Centre
.. ;~ ,
68. Comprehensive Labour Welfare Scheme
(including No Birth Bonus Scheme)
69.. Action Oriented Innovative Projects
for Developing Models in the
Organised Sector
70. Family Planning Cam~ in Madras
71. Organisation of Simultaneous Eye-
cum-Family Planning Camps and a
Study of their Mutual Impact
72. lntegr~::B'amiil¥ PlaBDing . Services
at the Pearl Clinic-A case Study
73.J\\rF1'Ogramme of Re'ViVing,and.
Revitalising Voluntary S~1ization
'in three States-A Demonstration
.;Pr6ject
74. Establishing a Private Out-patient
'Fertility Control Clinic in. a: .
Rural Area
75. Symposium on Population Studies in
,Asia: Comparing National Experiences
76. National Conference of Voluntary
Organisations for Evolving a
Strategy of Participation in
Family Planning
77. Symposium on ,"ReCent ·Advances in
Contraceptive Technology"
78. XXVI International Congress of
Physiological Sciences
79•'...Symposium: on Neuroendocrine
Regulation of Fertility
80. Symposium on Chemistrt'Y.:Biology
and Immunoiosy of ,Gondadotropins
Amount
Sanctioned
69,000
35,00Q
4,00~
50,000
|
|
12.9 Page 119 |
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Principal Investigatorl
PriJject'Director
Dr A K Bahani
Mr V I Chacko
Dr (Miss) A George
Mr B R Deolalikar
*Mr T V Antony
**Dr L Ramachandran
Indian Instit\\rte lof, Management;
Banga).ore.
United Planters AsSociation jDf. South
India (UPASl'., '
Operations Research Gl'OUP.· Baroda.
.. ~
•..
*Round Tables Madras and the ..Mad·
,rasMUIl'idpal·Corporat1ml;
.
**The "Gandhqpam Instit..-,o{ ,Rural .
. Health 'aDd ,F8ItlilyWelfal'e'l'ruSt.
Madurai.
State Bank of India En1Plo~;:'FPF
and' Lok. Kal~an 8an1iti.Badarpur.
lCARP Asia. Barigkok.''8Ild Family
. Planning' Fo\\Indati6n:':'
.Family' ,Plaftning •'FoWiGatiaa . and
Family Planning Associatim of India.
AII~B'":
("
Ai"t:in:t', .w
.,il",
AIIMB
~:,:.,.::'; :(,.] FFj~'~r~
|
|
12.10 Page 120 |
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SI.
No.
8I!~,~po.tiwmton btJMarUon ,ot~Gtowth
and Differentiated Funet40n:,mc:f
;UuoEukaJooYote.xeeDs,:":J11iBFi·
"tinJ
82. Vth IntemationaL~
,;;b(YII~~'jH
BCn_
83. An International SJtllposiumon Recent
Advances in Reproduction and
Dd>Fer.tilityl.con~L I:";f,h/f "d .,';]'
84. SymPO._h •• ,~~t8 .ithRrimates
[i;:;'Ih1 'Bio,":a1J ~rlBD,d,[,"
.,iKi'tjIlj~5:iofHtle
;iateJrDatid1al
Primatological Society
I<
86t'{WtiftetPI~ICJIi .~~gical
.1u'titi;~~ici:lrmllBteSiof
Behaviour and Internatidnal Symposium on
i,;~~CMI1a"poi,
c"iG'{:(
~(j-l
87. Intemati():t;lal SympOsium and Workshop
in Bio:i11e<:lHtr_~n
iIi,' ,'}
88. IInd Conference of the Federation of
Indian Societies of Endocrinology
,89. XXIII Annual Conference of the Association
of Physiolo~_
,~ff9\\~sts
of India
90. Xth Convention 'of the Indian College
of Allergy ana Applied Immunology
91. Dr B C Roy Memorial Lecture
),.; " \\\\,,1\\lp~~t
\\'\\ !-\\·\\\\§t4JJC{.~~ed
';if:;;:":, ;il~7Q8
."
" a.5,OOO
10,000
5',000
QtimWorkaho~I'IIIJIil.;.arwIY!
~ropagation'i 'T!
Strategy fornM~!~~i9q~
(IMA)
Nt~;Natii!tiMl~i
.}:;l'bysKj.lm;'~d Population
ili!'I~ __
1Bbo",,,.A ~cifnndq ~ffnj;};'l
94. XXV Annual 'Conference of the Association
of Physiologists of Indi-e M: I 1 A
95. Workshop on "Developing Integrated Material
on Family Planning Ed~~~"t
16. Seminar on Sex Education
2 fA r I I.
, h ,',i ,,;,
97. The Third Annual Conference of the Indian .' , .
1 AssociJltion for· the Stu~ lA I t.
of .Population
,r" ,3~,345
; ,,30,QOO
, '.,:
8,000
j'1,75O'
"5,000·
')l~,OOO
|
|
13 Pages 121-130 |
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|
|
13.1 Page 121 |
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>
-.~.~~--~,
..•. > ..,.. .• "-
rjoih[lj~~IrI~,~y
>;'·t9;:-li; 1\\1·-.CtUr;..:i~Q -:,~:.:):l. 't:~-, InH~rr:,:)c +·H~
(co:. :,~I,AM~f1;
l·J'I~) •.S.
·AIIMS
Dr N R Moudgal and
Dr.T C Anand Kumar
Dr S K Manchanda
i>r.,(Mrs) Sarcia
Subramanyam
Dr (Mrs) A Dass
Dr Ranjit Roy
Chaudhury
Dr N G Garg
4{~!K,~ " ",' v Iif11/,',! nn
itmoLh;VJ
wO ;'I8i.o/,-. ,.\\:01
"ns11'.,,,// 'j;
;f~f.tf:,;[ffq(~:;.lne: ~~)f:)'j,')lfh}~)JLinniJL~'~<t:O i
r.P4\\,~.~~~3~G~JrJ'*.t~1~1
if· 'ic>iJHi~~~J1l1no qOfi;;:2hc'T! [£ncdii-~1HH
·";lSl~H~. ~~B~~5bafA~~e,
~H.«;.~~ 'tlT~
LG'wa om, fioi"fj')ix:'f
1"
~~g*~r
~~e~:~~~~~~
oi>'A:1~~:;fand
Applied Imm.unology.
Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Education and Reseuch, Chandi-
garb.
Iridian MediC41 Association, New
Delhi.
Indian Association for theAdv~
ment of Medical Education, New
Delhi.
Maulana Azad Medical Colleae, New
Delhi.
Literacy House, Ludmow.
Indian Council of Child Welfare,
New Delhi.
The Indian Essociation for the Study
of Pop~on, Delb1.
|
|
13.2 Page 122 |
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-========~===~~--'?=.
Sr. Title o/the 'ProJ~
No.
==.-.=_.=_.~-----------
Amount
Sanctioned
98. Task Force. on Indian YOuth, Population
Coalition
99. Seminar of Key Decision-Makers in the
Sarvodaya Movement inlmlia and Zonal
Seminars for Grassroot Level
Sarvodaya Workers
100. Seminar and Summer Institute in Family
Planning for Social Work Education
101. InvolVl!inent of Pri~ate Medical
Practitioners in the National
Family Programme
102. Asian C6nference on Family as a Unit
of Welfare in National Pla!ming
10,000
50,000
103. National Conference ort Population
nynainics and Rural Development
104. National Workshop on Integration of
Population Edueatioat in AgriCltlture
Extension and Rural Development
on 105:'Worksl'lop' PoUerlmP!ieations of the
Narangwal Field Study
|
|
13.3 Page 123 |
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Principal Investigatorl
Project Director
Dr Susai Benjamin
Dr K N George and
Dr S H Pathak
Dr P C Bhatla
Late Mr J'p Naik
Col P N Luthra
Indian Youth Population Coalition
(IYPC).
Gandhian Institute of Studies, Vara-
nasi,
Association of Sc~ools of Social
VVork.
,
Indian Medical Association, New
Delhi.
Indian Council of Social Science
Research, New Delhi. Jointly fund-
ed by ICSSR, UNICEF and the
Family Planning Foundation.
IASP
Department of Rural Development,
Ministry of Agriculture and Irriga-
tion, in collaboration with FAO.
Indian Council of Medical Research,
New Delhi.
|
|
13.4 Page 124 |
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Accounts
|
|
13.5 Page 125 |
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A F FERGUSON & CO
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
,~"'~_~,.~" ~__ ~ia J!~~i2~-aStt@!:Q~4l!lM~g
Post Box No. 24, New Delhi
AUDITORS' REPOR~'~'
We have audited the attached Balane;Sheet,of:the-F~ly
piaririirig
Foundation as OIl,December 31, 1981~d:~theinOOme':and Expeaditure
Account for th~yeat imded on' that date with the books and~~rc:t:S
submitted to us and have' found them in accordance therewith.
We have obtained all the information ..a. nd exp~tions which to the
best of our knowledge and belief were nec~i~fqr
~e,purposes of our
audit and, in our opinion, the Balance Sheet and the Income'and Expendi-
over ture Account set forth 'a true and fair view of the"stateof affair~ of'the
Foundation as on December 3i~"1981 and of the excess of Income.
Expenditure for the year then ended respectively, according to the best
of our information and explanations given to" us md,as per the books
and records submitted to us.
NEW DELHI
3 MAR"1982
·Sd/ .•
CHARTERED A"CCOUNTANTS
|
|
13.6 Page 126 |
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2 'I:V!i,.·r~':·~j:-~"~,'_,>:~)j~C!3.)i3~J'j-~.f\\fi:.:~;
~'Inl.L j~_~~~!!1.b;)~~~-~'''~J
i.~·}I j~lbi~.i'>::
Premoua
l{Hst.l '.V. '3'!-/:
If'_:~ ,_~l
Vur
----------.,.,;...A•... X.,..d""'l,....ir-·:.....,. r"".-.""'; """1 ,_""j"""-'--""""( ~-_~:"''''.'.'.'~,.'.....,.--...,--..,...---------
&
&
&
1,25,93,1~
;~~t;f:in ;.;i
f,l~IX:;
.~I3I;.IP
Gr~tlI and J)oJW.tions as .
.~, ~~tieJI'31: ".f98e'; iCh
iA.• :'~·6hi~,t9i1;
'l!,
',dj l'
'"
.,,~
-80~,
,1"'i:'/, t.~~l1:f~~ttfs:nG,;o
t1ptO' ~tiif'!i', , "
;,.J,.lI8O'Y,r,l.:nl h,,,:; ,,;83>1'1 •.
~a~;(l;,;~.'l9'Uti
;~~.;,
~ •M • _"')flr
S>;',
"";i ,',
,~7.33~~
.M,M,OI&
2,5i,S?;885 "
J,e8;0'1.8.60,
1.41;18,0.
14,41,161
1,96,57,500
Balance as on
December 31, 1980
Addi: Amount
.):)~.~
the year
,
20,95,715 .
SUNDRY CREDITORS AND
OTHER PROVISIONS
Sundry Creditors
Gratuity
11,000
60,319
Excess of Income over
Expenditure for the year
as per the annex:ed Income
and Expenditure Account
Less: Transferred to
Society's Surplus Fund
Account
|
|
13.7 Page 127 |
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Previous
Year
_ •••••••.•..•••...•.••.••••••••••••• __
&
•••••••••••••• __
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
0.>=--=- =- ============== __
&
~
69,4''1 FIXED ASSETS (As per Schedule Anrifte\\tJ"'ft,4iG
35,00,000
15,00,000
14,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
8,00,000
7,00,000
7,00,000
6,00,000
6,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
INVESTMENTS
Fixed Deposits with:
Delhi Cloth & General Mills Co. Ltd
Mahindra Ugine steel Co Ltd
Nirlon Synthetic Fibres & Chemicals Ltd
Ewart Investments Ltd
Mafatlal Fine Spng & Mfg Co Ltd
Voltas Limited
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited
Indian Dyestuff Industries Limited
Ingersoll Rand (I) Limied
Excel Industries Limited
Ahmedabad Advance Mills Limited
Tata Finlay Limited
Shriram Fibres Limited
National Machinery Mfg Ltd
Special Steels Lirr.ited
straw Products Limited
Investment Corporation of India Ltd
Mahindra Spicers Limited
Tata Oil Mills Company Limited
Cynamid India Limited
Kelvinator of India Limited
35,00,000
15,00,000
14~00,OOO
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
8,00,000
7,00,008
7,00,000
-6,00,000
8,00,000
6,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
4,00,000
~~!:":
1,94,59,933
Itt6A4I&-~_
18-'
|
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13.8 Page 128 |
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Previous
Year
.~
!~,~.200
NOTE: GRANTS
The entire actual disbursements have been shown as grants and deducted from
_-the total grants/donations received although audited accounts frOnt-1rHMees
'.<:4<U\\,iti. 25,92,720 (Previous Yeer._Bli.18,75;!1l-~) ~:yet to be received. -. ":,.
|
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13.9 Page 129 |
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--="
Previous
'fear
~~_"'_'_...._.c._='__'_....;;.;""___'_''_=_=_..;......;:::.:..::~'
2.200
:,:,?, 1,6'10
"';':,1,000
:"6,000
1,58,526
31,586
4,178
Brought forward
',·,
ApY~CES
ExeCU'tive Director
" ., ," 'Z":::,·. ,.',-:c'"vf,Ooo:::;
otlier-: staff
,.,'.,,::-,'
.') >- -_.,'
, 'oellii 'Gymkhana Club Limited ., '::
'c.; .t,ooo~
Executive Director's resl1denfialJrflAt:,',::,:,r :·.··:.2;000'·'
deposit
.~".p .. ~ ;.~;;':·';7"H.,::' ~{i;~Tt~~'!
Franking Machine Account'1IOP&T
,v ." l~lll';(,'
CASH AND BANK BALANCES
Cash in hand
' •.
ON SAVINGS BANK ACCOUNT
With .·Indian Overseas Bank
With:' Citibank
Wi~central Bank of India
NEW'DELHI, 3 Mar, 1982'
~"";~'"
Pei A:.s•......
'
..'"
our report of even date attacheci/:.·.:.·
,.
Sd/-
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
|
|
13.10 Page 130 |
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~
Year
l,8tMt
3_15-"1
3,m
I,m
17,801
i,;t~
1,4M
12,350
12,709
12,980
7.86,000
ft.:.
SALARIES AJW ALLOWANCES:
Salaries
De~
AUo!InDce
Ci_j"qOmpenaetory Allowance
W~
and other Allowances
~al
A81istanc:e 'x,'",',,:I
~ry
Provi~'lU84,"'"."
FlUpily Penaioa. Fund
DepDlit Linked Insurllbetl 8ltbiRne'
Gl'atUity'
Medical ExpeDleS
8:'
Leave Travel Con~
H~umand
Consultant Fee
RENT:
0&- l;Ateol11QJOdation
~ne
..~11
Aceommodation
_ (4 Direetors)
Net "After adjusting a recovery
of Rs. aot/- tro.n the Executive
Director (Previous Year Rs. 3800)
House Rent Subsidy ,(staff)
33,883
~,339
38,272
18,710
19,oss
TRAVEL EXPENSES
Executive Director
Otber Staff
Consultants
Conveyance Expenses
Maintenance of Executive Director's
Car indudinI Its. 33S Insurance
(Previous year Rs 372)
REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE:
~:!~~~ OMce
Residence
13,753 ' Electrif;!lty and Water
51,e'19
Postqe~ ",T..,ama and Tel~~
13,301
Library (Books and Periodicals)-""
1I',M;t
Printing and Stationery
1,33,860
"2A8,832
1,050
'22,533
1,554
60,319
16,513
12,254
10,100
43,776
19,952
60,974
1,24,702
20,340
26,734
15,797
3,758
"19,553
~" 12:996
"63,.
'. 15,t54
29,493
|
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14 Pages 131-140 |
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|
|
14.1 Page 131 |
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FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1981
Previous
Year
INCOME
21,12,643
14,416
Interest
On Fixed Deposits
On Savings Bank Accounts
29,54,994
16,908
|
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14.2 Page 132 |
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Previous
Year
6,33,060
9,985
23,197
5,989
2,500
11,167
14,41,161
Brought forward
.
Printing and Publications
Meetings, Entertainments and Stafl
Welfare Expenses
General Expenses
Audit Fee
Depreciation
Excess of Income over Expenditure for
the year carried over to Balance Sheet
Rs
8,26,069
10,290
22,856
291
2,500
14,181
20,95,715
NOTES: 1. The Executive Director's' remuneration for the year amounted to
Rs. 73,819(Previous year Rs 69,807).In addition he is provided with a
Car and Driver by the Foundation for official and personal uses, and
a recovery of Rs 150 per month is being made for personal use.
2. All grants received/disbursed during the year are reflected in the
Balance Sheet - See Note on Balance Sheet.
3. The Foundation has changed the basis of accounting for gratuity
from payment basis to provision basis resulting in a higher charge
for the year by Rs 60,319.The prOlVisionhas been made at the rate
of half month's salary for each completed year of service (service
perWd of six months and above has been considered as completed
year) in respect of all employees and not on actuarial basis.
|
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14.3 Page 133 |
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FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1981
PreviOUB
Year
Rs
21,27,059
INCOME
Rs
29','11,9. 02
NEW DELHI, 3 MARCH, 1982
As per our report of even date attached
Sd/-
CHARTERED ACCOUNTS
|
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14.4 Page 134 |
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SCHEOULE OF FIXEl) ASSETS ANNEXED TO AND FORMING PART OF THE BALANCE SHEET 'AS ON
DECEMBER 31, 1981
i
A.at
1.1.1981
COST ,
Additions SaZe./Ad-
during ;u.tment
the year during the
year
Total
as Oft
31.12.81
Upto
1.1.1981
DEPRECIATION
On Sale. For
during
the
the year year
Total
upto
31.12.81
•WRITTEN
DQWNVALUE
A.Oft
A. on
31.12.81 3l,l2.8Q
Motor Car
Furniture, -
FixtUre and
EquiPQlent -
15,174
1,08,338
36,514 I 320
36,514
320
15,174
1,44,532
1,59,706
5,787
48,258
54,045
1,877
12,304
14,181
7,664
60,562
68,226
7,510
83,970
91,480
9,387
60,080-
. 69,487
734
1,23,512
42,878
11,167
54,045
69,467
'-:,
|
|
14.5 Page 135 |
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DONATIONS (S'tJM1\\!.A&'Y) -
(As on 31.12.1981)
Region
Upto
31.12.l979
Rs
Bombay
Calcutta
,Ahmedabad
Deihi
Madr,as
60,22,600
9,77,100
6,36,000
5,30,123
3,39,500
Total' (Raised in India>.
Ford Foundation Grant
.(rit!~teral)
Ford Foundation Grant
(Biomedical Programme)
85,05,323
24,13,033
, 16,'74,769"
Total
1,2a,93,125
During
1986
Rs
/.. I
i
. 33,65,190
16,15,000
5,10,000
54,542
1,06,500
56,51,232
54,89,528
During
1n1
·'Rs'· .'"OJ.
7,74,000
5,000
2,50,000
2,60,000
1,15,000
14,04,OQQ
.. ".
1,1\\1,40,'l6O " 14,04,000'
Total
Rs
1,01,61,790
25,9'1,100
13,96.000
8,44,665
'5,61,000 .
1,55,60~
79,e.2,561
,16,74,769
2,51;'37,885
|
|
14.6 Page 136 |
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AHMEDABAD REGION:
Calico Mills Limited (Mr Suhrid S Sarabhai)
BOMBAY REGION:
Tata Chemicals Ltd
The India Tube Co Ltd
Voltas Limited
J, R D Tata Trust
Volkart Foundation
Svadeshi Mills Co Ltd
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd (Mr Keshub C Mahindra)
Hindustan Lever Ltd (Dr A S Ganguly)
. The Great Eastern Shipping Co Ltd (Mr Vasant J Sheth)
Nirlon Synthetic Fibres & Chemicals Ltd
Crompton Greaves Ltd (Mr N N Wagle)
Mukund Iron & Steel Works Ltd (Mr Viren J Shah)
Colour Chern Ltd (Mr Dharamacy M. Khatau)
CALCUTTA REGION:
The General Electric Co of India Ltd (Mr R S Marmak)
DELHI REGION:
Ballarpur Industries Ltd (Mr L M Thapar)
Escorts Ltd (Mr H P Nanda)
straw. Products Ltd
Delhi Cloth & General Mills Co Ltd
MADRAS REGION:
Mr M V Arunachalam:
Carborundum Universal Ltd
Tube Investments of India Ltd
Motor Industries Co Ltd (Mr D N Vatcha)
Madras Rubber Factory Ltd (Mr K M Mammen Mappillai)
Mr M A Chidambaram:
Automobile Products of India Ltd
South India CO'l'poration (Agencies) Ltd
India Radiaors Ltd
First Leasing Co. (I) Ltd
Tubes & Malleables Ltd
Mercantile Credit Corporation
Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation Ltd
South Indian Sugars Ltd
Receipts
Rs
1,00,000·
50,000·
50,000·
50,000·
50,~
25,000·
1,00,000·
1,00,000
1,00,000
54,000
50,000
25,000
20,000·
1,00,000
1,00,000
36,000
24,000
25,000
25,000
20,000·
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000.
5,000
|
|
14.7 Page 137 |
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,~
c!i!?'''t-.,-·:·, .• .,.·,,''!l'-'·''·.
SUMMARY-GRANT
SANCTIONED AND DISBURSED AS ON 31ST DECEMBER, 1981
Year of
SANCTIONS
DISBURSEMENTS
AMOUNT
i.
Sanction - OTiginal--Additional
Total
Upto
DuTing
Total
Accounted
To be
i
31.12.80
1981
Accounted
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 ,
1978
1979
1980
1981
22,75,568
I
4,19,798
16,42,500
6,85,557
10,79,500
13,29,192
16,43,544
7,41,700
21,77,800
45,92,000·
4,55,000
3,35,000
87,500
85,064
15,000··
1,20,000
59,000
27,30,568
7,54,798
17,30,000
7,70,621
10,94,500
13,29,192
17,63,544
8,00,700
21,77,800
45,92,000
25,38,935
6,76,402
12,79,527
6,26,108
9,94,844
7,34,857
10,34,440
1,72,035
2,60,432
8,116
1,00,000
1,01,000
16,397
64,526
2,50,000
3,10,731
1,07,029
7,06,982
6,25,499
25,47,051
, 7,76,402
13,80,527
6,42,505
10,59,370
9,84,857
13,45,171
2,79,064
9,67,414
6,25,499
24,91,350
6,16,715
10,89,113
5,70,599
10,29,606
7,35,861
6,52,295
,1,55,093
5,37,125
1,51,499
55,701
1,59,687
2,91,414
71,906
29,764
2,48,996
6,92,876
1,23,971
4,30,289
4,74,000
1,65,87,159 . 11,56,564 . 1,77,43,723
83,17,580
22,90,280 1,06,07,860
80,29,256
25,78,604
Note: Total grants sanctioned during the year 1981 amount to Rs 46,07,000 (Rs 45,92,000· shown above plus Rs 15,000··
sanctioned as additional "Membership grant" for ADIP A and SID)
|
|
14.8 Page 138 |
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DETAILS OF FIXED DEPOSITS
(As on December 31, 1981)
Sl. Name of the Compan,,:
No.
Amount
Rs
Date of
IJepoBit/
RenewGl
1. Delhi,Cloth and General Mills
Co. Ltd.
(Rs 35,00,000)
2. Mahindra·Ugine Steel Co Ltd
(Rs 15,00,000)
3. Nirlon Synthetic. Fibre. ..~
Chemicals Ltd ('Rs 14~,OOO)
4. Ewart Inves1lrrl8. Ltc:I
(Rs 10,0Q,000)
5. Mafatlal Fine Spg & Mfg Co Ltd
(Rs 10,00,000)
6. Voltas Ltd (Rs 10,00,000)
7. Mahindra & Mihindra 'Ltd
(Rs 10,00,000)
8. Indian Dyestuff Industries Ltd
(Rs 10,00,000)
9. Ingerson-Rand (I) Ltd
(Rs 10,00,000)
10. Excel Industries Ltd
(Rs 10,00,000)
11. The Ahmedabad Advance Mills Ltd
(Rs 8,00,000)
12. Tata Finlay Ltd (Rs 7,00,000)
13. Shriram Fibres· Utd (Rs 7,00,000)
14. National Macl)ineryMatg Ltd
(Rs 6,00,000)
15. Special Steels' Ltd
(Rs 6,00,000)
16. Straw Products Ltd (Rs 6,00,000)
17. Investment Corporation of
India Ltd (Rs 5,00,0(0)
18. .Mahindra Spieer Ltc!
(Rs 5,00,000)
19. The Tata Oil Mills Co Ltd
(Rs 5,00,000)
20. Cynamid India Ltd
(Rs 5,00,000)
21. Kelvinator of India Ltd
(Rs 4,00,000)
20,00,000
..00;000
2,00,000
5,00,000
4,00,000
5,00,000
10,00,000
9,00,000 •
p,OO,~
6,00,000
4.00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
6,00,000
4,00,000
8,00,000
7,00,000
7,00,000
8,00,000
6,00,000
5,00,000
4,00,000
1,00,000
4,00,000
10.8.1979
10.2.1980
10.2.1980
16.9.1980
10.2.1981
26.2.1980
29.5.1980
20.11.1980
22.8.U.l81
5,9.1979
15.10.1979
26.2.1981
26.2.1980
5.6.1980
7.6.1980
19.9.1980
20.9.1980
14.10.1980
11.4.1980
5.10.1979
29.9.1980
18.6.1980
. 1.8.1981
14.9.1981
23.5.1981
26.5;1981
13.10.1980
Rate of
Date of Interest
Maturity
%
10.8.i982
10.2.1982
10.2.1982
16.9.1983
10.2.1984
26.2.1982
29.5.1983
19.11.1983
21.,8/.19841
5:9.1982
15.10.1982
26.2.1983
14!
Ii
15
17
17
15
14
14
16
26.2.1983
5.6.1983
7.6.1983
19.9.1983
20.9.1982
14.10.1983
11.4.1983
5.10.1982
29.9.1983
18.6.1983
1.8.1984
·14.9.1984
22.5.1982
25.5.1982
12.10.1982
|
|
14.9 Page 139 |
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FINANCIAL REVIEW AS ON 31ST DECEMBER, 1981
(Figures in lakhs of Rupees)
INCOME
A. Donations
,
B. Grants by Ford Foundation (General)
C. Grant by Ford Foundation
(Biomedical Programmes)
D. Inerest Earned
Upto
31.12.1980
141.56
79.03
16.75
DuTing
1981
155.60
79.03
116.75
DISBURSEMENTS
F. Project Grants:
(i)1Disbursed
(ii) Yet to be disbursed against
grants already sanctioned
G. Expenditure on Programme Develop-
ment, Monitoring and Establishment.
A nticipated Expenditure DuTing 1982
Disbursement fo rongoing projects sanctioned upto 1981
Disbursement for new projects to be sanctioned
(say upto Rs 30 lakhs) during 1982.
Developmental, evaluation and monitoring of ongoing projects
and Establishment expenses
Anticipated Income During 1982 (Interest and Donations)
Interest .on Investments of 198.00 (This is on the assumption
that the existing Fixed Deposits would not be disturbed)
Donations
* We would need -to raise donations to the extent of Rs 25 lakhs
in order to meet the anticipated expenditure in 1982.
106.08
71.36
177.44
145.81
223.25
136.67
34.00
11.00
|
|
14.10 Page 140 |
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IJudget
for
··1980
4.77
0.20
1.07'
.J.G!!
0.12
0.60
0.31l
"'0:18.
0.12,
0.03
8.48
EXP~NDITURE FOR 1981 AND BUDGET FOR 1982
(Rupees in Lakhs)
Sz.
No. .,Accounttl Heads
1. Pay and Allowance
FOT the YeaT 1981
Budget ExpendituTe
5.03
4.61
Budget
fOT 1982
5.36
,2. Car Maintenance
3. Establishment Expenses
(Rent, Repairs, Elec. etc)
0.20
0.27
0.25
1.16
1.02
1.10
4. Stationery, Postage, Telephone,
Furniture, Equipment etc.
1.38
1.24
1.41
5. Library
0.15
0.15
0.15
6. TTa~l Expenses
(i) Staff
0.65
0.64
0.70
{ (ii) Members - Advisory Council
and AdVisory Panels
'0.30
0.27
0.35
(Hi) Consultants
.0,30
0.34
0.35
7. HonCJll"arium/ConsultationFee
8. Entertainment and Meeting
Expenditure
0.20
0.10
0.23
0.15
0.16
0.15
9. Audit Fee
0.03
0.03
0.03
9.55
8.83 I
10.08
|
|
15 Pages 141-150 |
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|
|
15.1 Page 141 |
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List of Publications
|
|
15.2 Page 142 |
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SI.
No.
Priced Publications
Rs
1. .Status Study on Population Research'in India
(i) Vol. I
Behavioural Sciences
24
(ii) Vol. II
Demography
21
(iii) Vol. III
Bio-Medical
39
2. Population in India's Development by the year 2000 A.D.
60
3. Voluntary Efforts in Family Planning A Brief History
10
4. Studies in Family Planning: India
80
5. Strategy for Family Planning in the Indian Industrial Sector
30
8. India's Population: Aspects of Quality and Control (two
170
volumes) "~.. '
..
9. Family Planhing'tirlder the Emergency
35
Policy Implications of Incentives and Disincentives
10. Family Planning Communication: A Critique of the
40
Indian Programme
•
11. Lectures in Contraceptive Pharmacology (Dr B C Roy
30
Memorial Lectures)
12. Communication for Social Marketing: A Methodology for
35
Developing Communication Appeals for Family Planning
Programme
13. Family Planning among Muslims in India
45
|
|
15.3 Page 143 |
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Prof Udai Pareek &
,Tata McGraw~Hill Publishing Co.
Dr T V Rao
Mr S P Jain
Ltd., New Delhi
-do-
Prof G P Talwar
. -do-
Dr Asok Mitra
Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Prof Ashish Bose
New·Delhi
Prof P B Desai &
Prof J N Sharma (IASP)
Mrs Kamla Mankekar
Abhinav.Publications, New Delhi
Dr (Mrs) Kamala Gopal Rao , Abhinav Publications, New Delhi
Prof C N S Nambudiri &
Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New
Prof Baldev R Sharma
Delhi
Dr M N Srinivas &
Oxford University Press, New· Delhi
Dr E A Ramaswamy
Dr Surjit Kaur
Sterling Publishers
AB/9 Safdarjang Enclave, New
Delhi-16
.
Abhinav .Publications
E-37 Hau~Khas, New Delhi
Dr V A Pai Panandiker
Radiant· Publishers,
R N BishnOi
o P Sharma
E-155 Kalkaji, New Delhi-llOO19
Centre for Policy Research,
New Delhi
Sumanta Banerjee
Radiant PUblishers,
E-155 KaUtaji, New Delhi •.ll0019
Dr Ranjit ·Roy Chowdhury
PGI, Chandigarh
Arun and RajivePNt; Ltd."
Chandigarh
Prof L R Bhandari,
The Macmillan Company of India
Indian Institute of Management, Ltd,. New Delhi
IDunedabad
Dr M E Khan
Manohar Book Service
Operations Research Group,
Baroda
2 Ansari Road, Daryaganj,
New De1hi-2 .
.
Dr K R Laumas, All India
Ankur Publishing Ho~e, New DeUrl.
Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi
|
|
15.4 Page 144 |
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81.
Title
No.
15. Gonadotropins and Gonadal Function (Proceedings
of a Conference held in 1973)
16. Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in
Eukaryote Cells
17. Use of Non-Human Primate in Bio-Medical Research
18. Neurcendocrine Regulation of Fertility
19. "Demography India" (Biannual Issue Journal)
20. Organization For Change
Price
300
US$59
20
120
22.' Health For All
23. Population, Food And Land Inequality in India 1971
Non-Priced Publications
24. XXIII Annual Conference of the Association of the
Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India
25. International Symposium and Workshop on Biomedical
Engineering
26. Second Annual Conference of the Federation of the Ir.dian
Societies of Endocrinology
27. An Across the Board Study of UNICEF's Involvement in
PoPlUlation Activities in India
28. Social Development Aspects of Social Education
29. The Indian College of Allergy and Applied Immunology'
Xth Convention.
..• 1
31. Why Sex Education (?)
|
|
15.5 Page 145 |
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Prof.M R N Prasad &
Prof T C &land Kumar
Prof T C Anand Kumar
Indian Association for the
Study of Popl,llation (IASP)
Bhasker D Misra
:AU Ashraf
Ruth Simmons
George B Simmons
A R Desai
ICSSR/ICMR
Asok Mitra
Shekhar Mukherji
Indian National Science Academy,
New Delhi
S. Karger, Basel USA
Hindustan Publishing Corpn .. (India),
New Delhi
Radiant Publishers,
E-155, Kalkaji, New Delhi-ll0019
Popular Prakashan, Bombay
35-e, Tardeo Road, Press Bldg.,
Bombay-400034
Indian Institute of Education, pune
Allied PUblishers, 15 Graham Road,
Ballard Estate, Bombay-400038
Dr K N George
Association of School of
Social Work in India
Dr (Mrs) A Dass
Indian Institute of Technology and
All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi
Central Drug Research Institute,
Lucknow and K. G.'s Medical College,
Lucknow
Family Planning Foundation
Indian College of Allergy and Ap-
plied Immunology Medical College,
New Delhi
All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi ...&.
Indian Council for l.;mld Welfare,
New Delhi
|
|
15.6 Page 146 |
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Sl.
No.
32. The Mechanism of Action of Some Anti-Fertility Agents
on the Contractility of the Fallopian Tube
33, Family As a Unit of-Welfare in National Planning
Proceedings of the Regional ASian Conference held
in New Delhi-17-21 October 1972
34. Abstracts-Symposium lectures Fifth International Congress
on Hormonal Steroids New Delhi-28 October-4 November
1978
35. Proceedings of Family Planning Programme Strategy for
Medical Practitioners-Workshop Seminar.
36. Contraceptive Technology: Relevant to Indian
Conditions
37. Research Utilisation, Priorities And Interface
And The Role of Family Planning Foundation
|
|
15.7 Page 147 |
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Dr J Behari and
Prof S KGuha
Status report by a
Biomedical Study Group
Dr V A Pai Panandiker
Prof P D Malgavkar
Centre for Biomedical Engineering,
All India Institute of Medical
Sciences and Indian Institute of
Technology, New Delhi
Indian Council of Social Sciences
Research, Delhi
Congress Secretariat Vth Inter-
national Congress on Hormonal
Steroids-All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Indian Medical. Association, IMA
House, Indraprastha House, New
Delhi
Family Planning Foundation
Centre for Policy Research,
Dharma Marg, Chanakyapuri
New Delhi-ll0021