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PFI Annual Report 1980 |
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1 Pages 1-10 |
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Family Planning Foundation·
Annual Report 1980
198 Golf Links
New Delhi-110003
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Administrative Office
198 Golf Links
New D~lbi-ll()()o3
Registered Office
AKASHDEEP BUILDING (5TH FLOOR)
BARAKHAMBA ROAD. NEW DELHI .•IlO001
New Delhi
May 19S1
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Members of the Family Planning Foundation
v
Members of the Governing Board
vi
Members of the Advisory Council
w
Members of the Advisory Panels
viii
i) Biomedical and Health
ii) Demonstration and Action Programmes in the field of Social
Development, Training and Management
iii) Information, Education and Communication/Studies and Surveys
saur
ix
Structure of the Report
1
Chairman's Report
5
Executive Director's Report
11
Index of Ongoing Projects
15
Details of Ongoing Projects
i) Health Related Programmes '
25 .
ii) Biomedical Research
37
iii) Information, Education and Communication
51
iv) Studies, Surveys and Evaluation
73
v) Family Planning in the Organised Sector
85
vi) Marketing, Management and Administration
87
vii) Conferences/Seminars;Workshops
91
List of Completed/Closed Projects
93
Accounts
Auditors Report
109
Balance Sheet
110
Income and Expenditure Account
112
Schedule of Assets
116
.Donations-Summary
117
Donations during 1980
118
Grants Sanctioned and Disbursed (Summary)
121
Details of Fixed Deposits
122
Financial Review
123
Budget and Expenditure
124
List of Publications
125
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1. Mr J R D Tata •
2. Dr Bharat Ram •.
3. Mra Tara All Baig ,.
4. Mr M V Arunachalam t) _. A"!'
5. Dr Dipak Bhatia.~
6. Mr G K Devarafutu' .
7. Mr S P Godrej •
IL -- 8. DrM S Gore
9. Mr Jaykrishna Hariva1labhdas •
10. Mr B M Khaitan.
.
11. Mr Justice G D Khosla ...,.
~·12. Mrs Yamutai Kirl08kar
13. Mr Kripa Narain
14. Mr Arvind N Lalbhai •
~~/ 15. Prof Ravi Mathai
16. Mr A L Mudaliar ~
17. Mr·H P Nanda •
~I'J.<.~.8-.-'~DD.rr
K
K
A
N
Pisharoti
Raj
20. Mr Raunaq Singh "
21. DrD P Singh'"
22. Dr L M Singhvi .,..
23. Mr A Sivasailam
24. Mr T T Vasu
25. Mr B G Verghese T'
1'r 26. Mrs Avabai B Wadia
27. Dr K L Wig ,.
28. Prof J C Kavoori
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1. Mt J R D Tata •
2. Dr Bharat R.am .\\
3. Mt M V Arunachalam '
4. Mrs Tara All Daig
s. Dr iJipak Bhatia
6. 'Mt S P Godtej
7. Mr Justice·G D Khosla
.• 8. -Kripa Na1'ain
'9. Mr Arvind N Lalbhai
10.. Mr A L Mudaliar
11. Mr; H P Nanda
12. Dr L-M stughvi
13. Mr A Sivasailam
14. MrB G Vershese '
15; . Mrs Avabai B Wadia ; r
16. Dr K LWig'.
t7. Prof J C Kavoori
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member. ,
Member'
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
_,. ;'.
~. '
Member and Executive nirec~t,FPF .
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Memilers of the A4mory COIIIICii
"1. Malcolm S Adiseshiah
2. Dr Abad Ahmed v
3. Mr Ashot Chatterjee "
4. Dr (Mrs) Banoo Coyaji
5. ProfPB Desai ;/
6. Of S C Dube
7. Mrs Setlr Grewal
8. Dr P N V Kurup
Ig:~J'3i~:~~y
11. P Padmanabha
12. Dr V A Pai Panandiker
13. Dr V Ramalingaswami
14. Dr Lotika SUkar
15. Dr (Mrs) Madhuri Shah
16. Dr A V Sbanm~gam .--
17. Dr ~ameshwar Sharma
- 18. Prof G P Talwar
19. Dr Vija1~" """,, 'f'l
"
";'
1.
.~i "
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Members of the Advisory Poets .
Paael I (Biomedleal aDd Health)
1. Dr J S Bajaj
2. Dr (Mrs) Anusuya Dass
3. Dr Nitya Nand
4. Dr l@dri Saxena
-1f'l~
So DrrTeWari -
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Panel n (Demonstration and ActIon Progr ••••••es lD the 8eld of Sodal Development,
Trainlng & Management)
1. Dr Raj Arole
2. Mr B Chatterjee
3. ProfUdai Pareek
4. Dr R K Sanyal
5. Dr K Srinivasan
Puel m (Information, EdueatioD ad CommaDieation/StDdies 8DcI Sun'qt)
1. -'Dr (Mrs) Vina Majumdar
2. Prof B S Parakh
3. Dr G N S Raghavan
4. Mr Chanchal Sarkar
5. Dr Y P Singh
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Prof J C Kavoori
Commodore C Mehta AVSM
Dr B KAnand
Mrs Rami Chhabra
Vacant
Dr P Seshachalam
Mrs Anjali Ghate
A.F. Ferguson and Co.
Post Box No. 24
New Delhi·ll000 I
Executive Director
Secretary and Treasures
and Director Administratic)n
Programme Director (Biomedical &: Health)
Programme Director (CommJ1nication &:
Women's Programme)
,Programme Director (Evaluation)
Programme Officer
Research Associate
j
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The Annual Report has been divided into four parts: the Chairman's report, the
Executive Director's report together with brief details of the projects financed by
the Foundation, Accounts and the list of publications.
The Chairman's report is an overview of the population problem, particularly
in the light of the 1981 census figures. The financial p6rtion of the report is given
ina separate section.
-The Executive Director's report, apart from being a complementary exercise to
that of the Chairman, endeavours to describe the nature of the Foundation's current
efforts, particularly in the light of the Perspective Plan of the Foundation and other
emerging realities in the population field. This is followed by an index of ongoing
project~ and a brief report on each, category-wise. The categories are as follows:
i) Health Related Projects and Programmes
ii) Biomedical Research
iii) Information,~Education and Communication
iv) Studies, Surveys and Evaluation
v) Family Planning in the Orgaoised Sector
Vi) Marketing, Management and Administration
vii) ConferencesfW orkshops/Seminars
This is followed by a list of the completed projects.
The accounts section contains the auditor's report, balance sheet, income and
expenditure account, grants made, donations received and budget for the year
1981.
The last section gives the list of publications financed by the Foundation.
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I have great pleasure in presenting, on behalf. of the Governing Board, the
Tenth Annual Report of the Family Planning Foundation.
Over the years I have repeatedly drawn your attention to the gravity of the
population problem. The year 1981 has brought into sharp lInd sobering focus
, the magnitude of -our failure as a nation to come to grips with it; a decadal
growth of 24.75 per cent has now been recorded. The provisional pOpulation
figures put out by the census authorities last month place our numbers at· 684
million as on 1st March 1981. This is 12 million more than the earlier estimate.
It is further feared that the final tally may be still more, as was the case with
the 1971 census.
Con'trary to the expectations established in recent years, the seventies have
not seen any slackening in the rate of growth of population. It is to be noted
that though this growth rate is .a decimal fraction lower than the previous
decade, the absolute number of the increase recorded in the population was
nearly 37 million more because of a further fall in tbe death rate. The entire
family planning effort has thus provided to be not even an effective holding
exercise.
Our earlier official figures admitted 21 million births a year when a birth rate
of 33 per 1,000 population was being eStimated. As the population is now known
to be considerably more and the birth rate not less than 36 per 1,000, it is esti-
mated that the annual number of births is more likely to be in the region of 24
million. This is more than the total number of births taking place in a year in
the United States, the Soviet Union and all of Eur-Opeput together. We already
know that with. 2.4 per cent of the world area we are shouldering 15 percent of
the world population. In terms of our own land area the density per square
kilo metre has increased by 22 per cent in the la.st deca.de, 89 per cent in the
three decades since Independence and virtually tripled over the century.
These facts have grave implications for the overall political, social, economic
and ecological environment. We know of the tensions and conflicts the demo-
graphic situation has generated in Assam. The Gujarat reservation riots are
another manifestation of political and social problems rooted in deIIlOlraphic
realities. Such problems can intensify and mUltiply elsewhere as population
pressures mount on resources that cannot be indefinitely elastic, even though the
application of modern industry and technology has considerably augmented
the nation's wealth. Despite the considerable development that has taken place
the numbers of the poor are greater than ever before. Poverty eradication
must be the major thrust of human endeavour in the two decades left in this
century so that at least the 21st century dawns on an India in which every
citizen's basic needs have been taken care of. But this endeavour itself will be
reduced to a farce if tidal waves of increase in population continue unabated.
Although the Sixth Plan shows that the government is seized with the gravity
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of the issue and the situationcall4ottr&\\Nl(l~9res
have been allocated to the
family planning programme, it represents a pitifully small 1% of the total plan
outlay .. The Prime Minister has given explicit, open support to the family plann-
ing programme in a iRocia~T.Vi •••."viow,&qlei~,Aie~ted to';thc·.~bjo.at." Shchas
issued messages to thMleppkan4a.!WfcsS~:letttr~ 10~tho, ,QJlitf'.Wioiitecs of
all the S~ates,.reque~tina ~lu'rt.wqonal: i*rot.ill:tM p.,.amm.,aaG a'regular
reportt9 her. All tm i~lI.to,keP9ftho eaflt_ss~t.e,
goycrGmtmtto .tackle
tIle l)J'pblemaod.is ~ b" wllole-heartedly _coDlfd.:;Hbw-evet,~e fact remains
iUs lWteoollgh.·
_, U\\e .QeD$UlireS1U~~arecausfeor profound .Q0llcemsAQ -our we}opmental
progr$Dlme .,ffort. ! They may even necessitate 4tastic rellisions in, g0als,. as the
assumptiQns ~de in tl\\is strategy regarding.lowltt,birth rlUeSaadlower .growth
rates have been belied. But a crisis must be viwed in the spirit of.acbaHea'1ge'and
an opportunity. If introspection and t.evitw, whieh must take place 'now, result
in r.enewed vigour and action that objectively allSesstespast lapses with a view to
ove~ome them,. we could indeed mov~to anotber level,of. perfor~
fairly
rapidly. Feedback from the field Jieveals that some kn~ledge-offamil>" planning
has begun to reacll remote col1llersand that 'WOOlenp'articularly ate :positively
inclined., The gap is in bridgiQg tbisawareness te'wards aQtive a~ptart~. ..
The urgency for a national review and reorganised action to be initiated at
the earliest, ~nnot be overstressecl. ThelOvcrnment ltas .a..frcady indicated its
desire to encourage volUDt~u'yor~isatioJ1s, aSlllso alLdevelo~ ,andi~dust-
rial infrasttucturewhkh caACQiltributeto tbis'effol't, ;to joiithands in this
national task. Tbise~pres~d-!Vjewi alOi1gsidethe larger COJltoxt,ofthe problem.
places ,a speci~l ~nUSon oqanisatioo$like OUlS. In the years immediately. ahead,
the Foundation liS a. prem~ NGO in.this fie1dwill have a Itill,.-re critical role
to play:, in eng,neering a cplDmitment to thepopulationcauHtll$oughout
the
CQWltrya.nd,in cr~atinJ bQtb.,the-expertise and the modelS that can', bring about
sy$tematic ohanges to ljQakethe farml)t planningprogrammemoteaceeptable and
effective thal1 at present. In particular, itrltay ntedto pla.y a tole in the ooming
months and generate,' extensive natillmal .debate on the. system so that more
dective, alternative health aDd devdopmel1t apProaches take shape. '
FiaddatResources
In my report last year I badmel1tioned'about our efforts to raise funds from
the business and industrial coinmunityirt ladia.We were hoping to reach -a
figure of'abQ.~R.s80 l~bs. dud.g· the year'I980; But, in gpite ofthcf generous
supportfi:0msOJhe.:;(lft1le ~ineN houses suh astheBirlagroup) and, the ·Late
l4utui~ Wbhai,.8rou~~ span from the Tata grbup, we Could taifeonly
Rs 56.$1 Ja,lchs"besidesthegenerous grant of US $700,000 by the Ford, Fbunda-
tion as wOuld be seen from the details antiexed at page 117 of tbiset-cporL In the
light of' 'What I have said eatlliCr ial this report, I cannot imagine there to be a
more deselving and urgent came than familyptanning f9f ,iBbtriaJ and
busines~00mpanies. to espouse. I have, tberefore,. oi1C8 again~ MuLa -~Sonal
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appeal to the heads 'of those eom,.._~\\trolB'Wb.o811' did Dot, get any' respollie
to my earlier letter. Webope that wah ourt'e1llOftci'dforts We &hD·be able
to raise subst!l,Dtia1..fund&.frQQl .•Ute~
•••• £tH•••• toa ••• .at, i. lI]dia,
not onI):4uriMtM,¥. ,l981.lWi=aiJao·~aJ»iltilldi •••• s;
AlthouP.F~q~.J)I'08l'MD_;are~iD.
incrcasitlg i~t'Of
somc()fthe\\in.~«
•• satioasti~ltlict
Uaitei.NatioDs~es,
nothilllJlas; SOf"ar lIt*iali$ed, eitlal"jJit·tbe shape'Ofpnerill' 'Support pant "'or
speei1ic project support, putl<Nlarlyoa' ajoint· tIlmding buis.ltDlaY~
be
noted tbatthe~,o,*bopopulatioli
probleD1.has cbangedsubstatmally
n in reeeni years. ~vie:fled in·the--lalIMr· _CllitiCal dimeftsion of de~IOPtDent.
This necessitaae..a JCJI,iWestanee from tile .PoundlMiDB'a side. However, 'we
shall con.tinue to elplore sucla poSiibilitits, of course, with the eoacutresiee of.
the Government.
Account,
I now present the accounts for the yeal'!caded 3bt .DtCIifiber 1986 annexed at
page nos. IO·7·i24.
BUIet for the Year 1981 .
As shown on page 123 of this report, at the end of 1980, the PouriCl.ahed
olltStanding commitments of· Rs '60.74 lahs apmst the 'I'Ilnts Pre~
sanctioned. The 'ultCOdimittedfunds at the disposal (,t 'the ~dation as on
31st December 1980, stood atRs 135.26 Jakhs. .
...
As part of its promotional role, the Fodl1dation has been able to plvanise
a number of non-governmental organisations and research institutions to take
upfamily planning work along with their ongoing developmental and welfare
activities. In its 10 years of activities, the Foundation hasaupported nearly
134 projects all over the country with a commitment of a&ut Its 143.92 lakhs,
includin.g Rs.22.37 lakhs foc about 16 projects during the year 1986, with
emphasis directed mainly on action programmes of an innovative nature.
The demand from the Non-Governmental Organisations for financial'
support continues to increase, and we also feel that there is a need to expand
the project support by the Foundation, both in scope and content in order to
make a meaningful contribution towards the popnlationproblem. The extent
of our support would however depend upon the resources at our disposal and
the funds that we can raise from time to time.
After taking into considera~ion the increasing promotional role of the
Foundation and the need to strengthen the evaluatibh aDd:monitoring compo-
nent of the Foundation, we have raised the budget f6l" these activities and other
operating expenses of the .establishment to Rs 9.55 lakhsfor the year 1981 as
indicated on page 124.
Acknowledgements
The Foundation has continued to receive \\lilting and very valuable help aud
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guidanee from the members of the Advisory Council, Advisory Panels, Task
Oroups and from many 'individUAl social wo~ers, professionals and scientists
in the Foundation's research and promotional activities.
Our Advisory Council has been reconstituted with stronger programme
and policy orientation by bringing some new members known for their eminence
and dedication to the developmental programme of the country. Our sincere
thanks go to the retiring members of the Advisory Council. Their insight and
meaningful contribution went a long way in making the Foundation an effective
organisation. On behalf of the Foundation I welcome the new members of the
Advisory Council under the Chairmanship of Dr Malcolm S Adieshiah and we
look forward to their help and advise which would be a great strength to the
Foundation in its promotional role and in developing new programmes.
We are grateful to the various departments of the Government, particularly
the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for their sustained interest, valuable
guidance and full cooperation in furthering the activities of the Foundation.
I also take this opportunity to express my appreciation of the excellent
and dedicated team work put in by all the members of the FO'!1ndation'sstaff.
In conclusion, the latest census figures underline the urgent need for people's
participation to combat population growth-not only through the Government
programmes but as much by voluntary efforts through non-government organi-
sations like the Foundation. I can only hope that the response to, our call to
the business and industrial community in India for support to the Foundation
will be forthcoming in sufficient measure to meet the challenge that we are
faced with, in the manner it must be faced.
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Executive Director~sAepori
IDtrodlictloll
This brief report highlights some of the emerging new and noteworthy ideas
in the role of the Family Planning Foundation, especially dealing with the
period under review. This review is against two kinds of background:
1) the population situation in general add particularly as analysed by the
Chairman in his report
2) the history and experience of the Foundation as a funding and promot-
ing organisation, especially involving both innovations and challenges.
The report, as in previous years, is followed by a brief report on each of th.e
programmes and projects, more particularly on the 'Ongoing' ones. The overall
stance of the report is to identify some of the forward-looking and innovative
elements and the problems that go with them.
Most of our family planning efforts in India and elsewhere over the years, .
both at the Governmental and non-Governmental levels, have been a preoccu-
pation, almost entirely, with the phenomenon of understanding the runaway
population growth and tackling it. The time has now come to move also into
a more critical area of concern, i.e. the problem of rising numbers. of people
themselves, those who are already born -aild those'that WQutdbe born in the
coming decades and the critical problems that go with them. Causes of
population growth arc as important as the consequences of population growth.
The Foundation has been tackling and operating in both these areas selectively
without sacrificing the need to keep alive its innovative role.
In tackling the problem in this way what is necessary is to take note,
especially inr the light of the disturbing Census Report of 1981, that
, i) the social change processes have not made sufficient dent into develop-
ment processes and have, therefore, not made sufficient impact on the
fertility levels;
ii) the family planning programme' itself lacks relevance, dynamism and
direction to achieve desired family planning goals;
iii) the family ,planning programme is based on a vague kind of political
consensus, it is there without adequate will and commitment.
Under these circumstances, the solving of the population problem becomes
all the more urgent and a critical one. The' implications of this for the
Foundation arc obvious. The role of the Foundation should be to (1) continue to
move in the direction of social 'change processes in that they promote an ethos
that helps to create small family size norm in critical sectors of social and
institutional life, and (2) help and create conditions for a family planning
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prograihme based' on imaginative pursuit of excellence and relevance and
the need for activising national political consensus combined with deep and
imaginative commitment within the framework of our democratic polity and
economy. Happily all of these fall within the Foundation's interests and priorities
and the Foundation has tried to play, during the period under review, a
suitable to some intent effective role in harmony with the ideas expressed
above.
.
New St.nces in the Foundation's Role
While continuing our stance on the innovative and the replicative in developing
and assisting the' projects, the Foundation is laying increasing emphasis on
evaluation and monitoring. Along with this, an important role has devolved on
the Foundation, that is of preparing potential recipients of assistance, particular-
ly non-governmental organisations, to take up innovative and forward-looking
projects through technical and fina~cial assistance. In this process the
Foundation's time input is considerab1e and sometimes demanding. The
Foundation is nota passive recipient of applications for assistance but it is
looking more and more of an "outreach role" with reference to potentially
promising organisations and opportunities.
Emerging Natur~ of the Projects
In the field of Demonstration-cum-Action Projects, the Foundation is not only
strengthening health aspects, but also other elements of importance to popula-
tion like information, communication, education and more specialised areas
like extension education, training and management. Demonstration role
therefore covers not only achieving the family planning goals, but also make
dents into development and social change processes.
In biomedical research, the Foundation has tended to be more selective
within a framework of greater relevance, wiih additional need for taking risk-
taking steps. This is in spite of the fact that the funding of biomedical research
projects is generally costly and long lasting.
The Foundation is helping social welfare and development organisations
with the potential for population work. It is also identifying new organisations
with developmentally rooted ideological biases; for instance the Working
Women's Forum in Madras focusses its activities on training of leaders to
play an effective family planning role. This is a group of 60 women leading 6,000
other women (among slum dwellers) who are providing assertive and imagina-
tive leadership for general social change and development, and also family
planning.
Another project is in a backward and dacoit-infested area of Banda, in
U.P. where the Vigyan Shiksha Kendra is working. The Kendra, with its young
and active leader is working with landless and marginal peasants and trying to
raise the level of existence through a process of conscientisation and are
promoting health and family planning.
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i) trying to combine modern and indigenous systems of medicine for
effective use at the micro-level to promote health and family planning;
ii) trying to develop local leadership through suitable training and prepar-
ing the leaders for their continuing role of an effective leadership, thus
aiming eventually for an organisational autonomy of the local com-
munity set-up; and
iii) working with some of the leading national institutions which are
potentially interested in development programmes, like National
Institute of Design and Indian Council of Social Welfare and others
Our demonstrations are increasingly moving in the direction of experimenta-
tion in larger programme areas with larger infrastructure. This is to epsure
more acceptable kind of replication. This is in keeping with the recommendation
of the Advisory Council.
Our policy studies are tending to be specific with focus on possible early
uses by the Government and others.
The next Section gives brief details of the projects and the programmes and
other contents and also the progress over time.
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Index of Ongoing Projects
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ot • , •••• It
Sr.
Amount
No.
Sanctioned
lb.
1. Integr;ated. Health Care Delivery including Family Planning
with Community Participation
2. District Development Demonstration Project in Madurai
District
3. A Pilot Project on Health Welfare and Education with Special
Emphasis on Population Education
4. Integrated Rural Socio-economic Programme Linked with
Family Planning
5. Family Planning Action· Research Project in a Rural
Setting
6. Action-cum-Research Project on Different Aspects of Medi-
cal Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Having a Bearing on
Family Plannhlg
7. Village Level H~ltb, andFa~ily ;Planatng. Wotk1er':('Nc
Case Studies)
.
8. Designing a Study on Biological Decay
9. Developing a Demonstration Project to integrate Health and
Family Planning with Rural Development
10. Integration of Population Education and Promotion of
Small Family Norm in Rural Areas through Voluntary
Agencies
3,00,000
+1,00,000
+3,00,000
2,70,000
5,000
12,500 .
11. Development of Anti-Pregnancy Vaccine and for develop-
ing adjuvant at CDRI Lucknow to potentiate the Anti-
Pregnancy Vaccine
, 12. A Clinico-Pharmacological Evaluation of Plant Projects used
in Indigenous System of Medicine for Fenility Regulation
13. Mecha.nisms of Secretion of Choriono/gonadotropins in·
Preanant Monkeys. and Human Placental Tissue Cultures .'
N. Mec~s
of Implantation and Pre-implantation Eve••• ' .
5,00,000
25,000
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Prinelpallfivestigator/
Project pirecttJr
The Oandhigram Institute of, Rural Health
·28
and Family Welfare Trust, Madurai, Tamil
Nadu
Sher-i-Kashmir National Medical Institute
29
Trust, srirlagar f'.·K)
Dr EB Sundaram
The NaujhiJ . Integrated Rural Project 'for
31
<-.. Health and Development Society; Mathura,
U.P.
Dr (Mrs) Pram ita David
C~tre fot Population Concerns, Hyderabad,
32
Andhra Pradesh
Commissioned by FPF
Directorate 'Of Health Services, Government
·33
of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
To be identifieJ
Or BhartendfPrakash
Commissioned by FPF
VigyanShiksba Kendra (VSK), Banda,·
U.P.
Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural
Developmeut(AVARD),NewDelhi
DrGPTalwar
Dr Nitya Nand
Dr Ranjit Roy
Chaudhury
Dr A Jagannadha Rao
Dr N R Moudsal i'"
Dr Ja)'shree Sen GUpta
Dr S K MaDchaada
All India Institute of Medical· Sciences, New
Delhi and Central Dtug Research Institute,
LuckdOW
Postgraduate Institute ef Medical Edueatioo and
Research, Chandigark
.
Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore
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Sr.
No.
15. Antifertility Effects of Intranasal Administration of Prosto-
glandins to Rhesus Monkeys
16. Development, Evaluation and Application of a Radio
Receptor Test for HcG/LH in Fertility Regulation
17. Studies of Carrier proteins for Water Soluble Vitamins in
Pregnancy
18. Male Anti-Fertility Agents Human and Sub-Human Primates
I
20. Study Group on "Injectables" and "Implants" for Long-
term Control of Fertility
Amount
Sanctioned
Rs.
1,73,000
21. Developing Programmes of Information, Dissemination,
Motivation and Action in Population and Family Planning
22. Orientation Training of Mukhyasevikas in Health and Family
Planning
23. A Demonstration Project for Evolving an Effective Role
for Grassroot Child Welfare Workers in Family Planning
in an Urban Slum/Rural Area
24. An Experimental Project for Integrating Population, Educa-
tion for All India Handicraft Board Trainees in Carpet
Weaving Centres around Varanasi
25. Population Education through Agricultural Institutions-
Developing Role Definition and Role Commitments ofAgri-
. cultural Institutions in Population Education
26. A Demonstration Action Project in Developing Grassroot
Workers-Leaders: Experiment in Leadership Training
27. Atlas on the Child in India: A Visual Education Project
Depicting the Place and Importance of Children in Popula-
tion and Development
28. Family Planning Foundation Awards for various Categories
of Family Planning Communication
3,00,000
4,40,000
93,700
5,000
93,000
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3 Pages 21-30 |
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3.1 Page 21 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director
Institution
Page
Dr C P Puri
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
44
Dr T C Anand Kumar
Dr S M Shahani
T.N. Medical College, Bombay
45
Mr P Potdar
Dr A Kasid
Dr P R Adiga
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Insti-
45
tute of Sciences, Bangalore
Dr (Mrs) Sudha Chatterjee National Institute of Health and Family
46
ProfSomnath Roy
Welfare, New Delhi
Dr P Govindarajulu
Postgraduate . Institute of Basic Medical
. 48
Sciences, Madras
Commissioned by FPF
49
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health
and Family Welfare Trust, Madurai, Tamil
Nadu
.
National Institute of Public Cooperation
and Child Developn;lent, New Delhi
School of Social Work, Kashi Vidyapeeth,
Varanasi
Centre for Regional Development, Jawahar-
lal Nehru University, New Delhi
Being organised in collabora- Commissioned by FPF
tion with Ministry of Inforrila.,.
tion and Broadcasting
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3.2 Page 22 |
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Sr. Title of the Project
No.
29. Workshop for Developing and Materials and Enhancillg
Skills for artists, photographers/copywriters from Rajllsthan
and Gujarat State Health and Family Welfare Departments
and Directorate of Audio Visual Publicity
30. Developing an Institutional Base in a Northern State for
"Orientation Training of Key Women Development Function-
aries
31. Action Demonstration Project to Identify Successful Approa-
ches to Tackle Resistant Communities
32. Annotated Resource List of Family Planning Medical Mate-
rials
33. Action Demonstration ProjeCt Using Functional Literacy
Programme as a Catalytic for Social Action
34. Planning and Preparatory Grant for making Films on
Family Planning
15. Integration of Population Education with Adult Education-
Planning for a Demonstration Project
36. Developing the Role of Local Women's Organisations in
Family Planning Acceptance by Improving the Status of
Women
37. Non-formal Education for Motivation in Family Planning-
A Demonstration Project in a Rural A-rea in U.P.
38. Status Study of Population Education as Part -of School
Education in India
•. AIJtcnmt
Strnctioned
Rs.
39. Status Study of POl'ulation Research in India on Manage-
ment
40. Study Group on Sixth Five Year Plan
41. Research Proposal for the Study of Peoples Participation in
Family Planning
42. Research Utilisation in Population and Family Planning
(Research Implkations for Policy and Programme)
43. Study of Population Policies in India
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3.3 Page 23 |
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Priltlt:iptlltbwestigator /
'Pr~tDirector
Institute of Community Deve~,.
Udaipur
Centre for Development of, Instructional
Technology, New Delhi
Literacy Centre, Doharighat, Azamgarh
·63 t<;-:
.64
·65
66
67
Indian Adult Education Association (IABA),
68
New Delhi
Commissioned by FPF
68
·69
70
Prof J K Satia
ProfRMaru
Under the Chairmanship of
Dr Malcolm S Adiseshaish
Dr V A Pai Panandiker
Dr Rajni Kothari
Dr Ramashray Roy
Dr Ali Baqur
Centre for the Study of Developing Socie-
ties, New Delhi
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3.4 Page 24 |
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Sr. Title of the Project
No.
Amount
Sanctioned
Rs.
45. Population Monograph on India
46. Motivation for Planned Parenthood/ A Preliminary Study of
Muslim Families in a city
47. Changing Family Organisation among Khasis and Garos-
a Study
48. A Study of Population Policy and the Legal Framework
49. Study on the Status of Women and its Impact on Population
Practices
50. Developing Population Programmes for North-Eastern Hill
University, Shillong
45,000
30,000
62,500
10,000
52. Demonstration Project in Community Based Distribution
(CBD) of contraceptives and Community Based Services
(CBS)
53. Functional Analysis of the Primary Health Centre
30,000
4,50,000
54. Workshop on Policy Implications of the Narangwal Field
Study
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3.5 Page 25 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director
Dr Ramashray Roy
(Formerly Pradipto Roy)
Dr AliBaqur
FPF, J4Sl? and ESCAP
"Dr Imtiaz Ahmed .
FPF, IASP and ESCAP
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Or Phul Chand
To be identified
North-Eastern Hill
University, Shillong
Institute of Constitutional and Parliament-
ary Studies, New Delhi
The Seminar will be organised by FPF with
the help of the Gandhigram Institute of
Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust,
Madurai, Tamil Nadu
North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong
Prof J K Satia
ProfR Maru
Prof C N S N ambudiri
Prof B R Sharma
The Indian lnstitute of Management,
Bangalore
Indian Council of Medical Research and
Family Planning Foundation
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3.6 Page 26 |
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I. Health Related Programmes
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3.7 Page 27 |
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Government of India's family welfare programme stresses increasing integration
of health, family welfare, and nutrition services at all levels, and further to
secure general integration of the family welfare programmes with other national
welfare programmes. It further emphasizes the intimate link between the family
welfare programme and the rural health care scheme, to be complementary
and deriving strength from each other and thus constituting together a signifi-
cant step in tackling problem of health and population explosion. The associa-
tion of the people themselves with these schemes is an important approach
towards attainment of total health care and family welfare and planning.
The Foundation gives due importance to this aspect of bringing about imple-
mentation of family planning programmes through their integration with
comprehensive health care delivery and other community welfare programmes,
to be undertaken with the active involvement of the community itself. Some
projects have been initiated to develop experimental models for action-cum-
research-cum-training programmes of health care delivery including family
planning which have a special innovative character of their'own.
Further stress is laid on environmental factors, sanitation, and other preven-
tive measures and study of factors determining infant mortality.
It is hoped that the experiences gained from some of these experimental
models will be helpful for further development of national health and family
welfare services, in the attempt to achieve "Health for all by the year 2000."
Integrated Health Care Delivery Including Family Planning with Community
Participation.
A pilot project aimed to find out the extent to which voluntary organisations
could assume the responsibility for organising health and family planning pro-
grammes and to assess the improvement in family planning acceptance when
these services are integrated with the health care activities, was undertaken by
the Gram Nirman MandaI, Sokhodeora, Bihar in 1975. One of its innovative
dimensions was the identification of voluntary health workers from the local
community .. A package programme consisting ofMCH, family planning, and
environmental sanitation, etc., was worked out and a suitable methodology
developed for health programme administration through a voluntary village
level health stwcture.
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3.8 Page 28 |
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Based on the experiences gained from the pilot project the present compre-
hensive project was worked out by the Gram Nirman MandaI for the people's
participation in health and family welfare programmes, through the joint endea-
vour of the different systems of medicine. This envisages developing for the
whole of one community block integrated health care services including family
welfare and family planning, to be carried out with the active participation of
the local community. The knowledge available with different indigenous systems
of medidnelocally operating, in addition to modern medicine, is to be utilised
fot such an integrated health care delivery.
The project was put into operation from January 1979.
The programme is being carried out through the establishment of "Village
Health Committees" which are responsible for the selection of one male and one
female Village lIealth Volunteer (VHV) in each village. The training of these
Village Health Volunteers, however, is the responsibility of the Gram Nirman
MandaI, and this training programme includes preventive, promotive. and
rehabilitative health care, and health education, in addition to curative serVIces.
The different types of health care delivery systems such as Allopathy, Homeo-
pathy, Ayurveda, Unani, etc., already in operation in the rural areas, are inclu-
ded in. the integrated training of the VHVs, who also have the facility for
utilisation of the services of locally available Practitioners of Integrated Medicine,
themselves suitably trained. An orientation training course for Practitioners of
Integrated Medicine, and other staff of the Gram Nirman Mapdal, was held at
the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi in November 1979.
Four batches of ViHage Health Volunteer~ have already been trained-three
of these courses being held at Rajgir in the Government's Field Training
(Demonstration) Centre, and one at the Sokhodeora Ashram. 1610cal nurse
Dais have been given training at Rajgir. After receiving training these V.H.Vs
have been provided with a kit containing some medicines, plus some contracep-
tive material supplied by the State Government authorities.
Out of a total of 170 Village Health Volunteers (134 male and 36 dais)
already trained, roughly about 2/3rd of these are already in operation in the
respective viHages. This has resulted in a distinct improvement in the health
care in these villages and further increased motivation of the villagers for family
planning. Arrangements are being made with the State health authorities for
conducting vasectomy and tubectomy operations either in a camp to be held at
Ashram, or in the Government hospitals (PHC).
Medical Social Workers and Practitioners of Integrated Medicine have
further helped in motivating the village community through holding one day
camps in health care and family planning. During these camps practical
demonstrations are given on immunisation and nutrition of children, health
education, improved sanitation and water supply and use of some family plan-
ning materials.
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Rs 4,50;000 (in additionRs i,oo,OOO 'provided by OXFAM) sanctioned 10
November 1978
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning has for some
years been involved in innovative family planning programmes. Its action
research project promoting health andfamHy planning in Athoor Block in
Madurai District, covering a population of 1,20,000 is one such project in which,
besides raising the health standards of the local population in the area, a sub-
stantial decline in birth rate was achieved.
On the basis of the Athoor model the Institute prepared an action research'
project covering the entire Division containing 10 Blocks, with a population of
10 lakhs, for demonstrating its replicability. This project basically attempts at
integrated health care in and around the existing system of a Primary Health
Center.
The project was put into operation with effect from April 1978. The. proposal
to replicate the Athoor experience has been sanctioned by the Tamil Nadu
Government which is also financing the major part ofthe project (Rs 14.4lakhs
out of the total budget of Rs 18.82 lakhs). The grant from the Foundation is
being used for the research-oriented part of the project and more specifically
for:
a) engaging a management specialist;
b) meeting the expenditure related to instituting a management information
system;
c) developing management skills among supervisors and medical officers of the
PHC and the District; and
d) experimenting with voluntary health workers in the community like Dais,
teachers, educated youth in selected areas, etc.
The Gandhigram Institute has oriented the project staff through staff meet-
ings, etc. in the process of planning programmes, specifications, review and assess-
ment of the progress of the project, and development of new records. This
system provides adequate information on (i) individual cases, (ii) family,
(Hi) village, (iv) programmes, and (v) workers. Consolidation registers for the
use of supervisors have been prepared. Diaries and monthly report forms for
different categories of staff have also been prepared. Besides these the project
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3.10 Page 30 |
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has already provided orientation training to traditional birth attendants, school
teachers and Gramsevikas and Mu1<:hayasevikas. Out of 30 Madrasangams, 10
have been selected to energise under the project and baseline data collected
which are beinganalysed.
Under the multipurpose health workers scheme, as envisaged by the
Government of Tamil Nadu, both male and female workers were to be put
into operation. However, so far only female workers have been put in position
from September 1979.
The non-induction of male multipurpose health workers and male super-
visors, and a certain amount of lack of administrative support provided by the
State level and district officers, has to some extent hampered the progress of
the project than what was envisaged and expected.
Rs 3,30,000 (in addition to Tamil Nadu Government's inputs) (sanctioned
in November 1977)
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust, Amba-
thurai, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
A Pilot Project on Health, Welfare and Education with Special Emphasis on
Population Education
Population education for the out of school youth, newly married couples, or
other members of the community, is considered to be an important programme
area and has been accepted as a policy by the Government of India. It is, how-
ever, believed that unless population education is made a part and parcel c.f the
total community health and welfare programme it is not likely to have much
impact. The basic premise of the project is that family planning as a desirable
behaviour would be more acceptable to people if it is made part of the general
welfare and development 0.0 the one hand, and integrated community health on
the other. The project pr;oposes to develop a comprehensive programme of
health, family planning and population education, along with welfare activities,
and to assess its impact, both short and long term, on popular attitudes and
behaviour.
The project was put into operation with effect from 1976. The nucleus for
organising the programme was Shere· i-Kashmir Polyclinic, operating through two
health subcentres established in the rural areas, for providing health care delivery
and family planning. The project also collaborated with the Rehbar-e-Sehat
programme of the State Government. Using health care as an entry point, these
workers while visiting the rural areas motivate the villagers, especially the
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younger groups, through educational programmes and through group education.
The project completed three years of its originally sanctioned tenure, utilising
the budget of Rs 3 Jakhs, in the latter part of 1979.Review of the project's perfor-
mance carried out in 1979brought out the fact that the project as i~plemented
so far had only partially tried to achieve its objectives; as it did not undertake
population education through the delivery of community health. The project
had mainly concentrated on providing health care and family planning through
the two health subcentres established in the rural areas.
Some of the difficulties and constraints experienced by the Trust in intro-
ducing the subject of population education and family planning, keeping in
view the sensitivity of the area, were brought to the notice of the Foundation.
It was further felt that due to the pilot work already carrie<i out on the
project, the Trust will now be in a better position to implement the objectives
of population education, and bring about effectivefamily planning by education
and motivation through the community health care programme.
The project was, therefore, extended for an initial period of one Yearin 1980,
with an additional budget of Rs 1 lakh and the stipulatiop that during its
extended tenure it will be oriented to fulfil its entire objectives, by not only
extending the community health services into the villages (and not restricting
the same to health subcentres only), but also by including population education
programmes· for the rural ·community, specially out of school youths who are
going to enter matrimony shortly, or who are recently married, .to be taken
up as an integrated activity with the health care delivery.
The project's progress was reviewed in January 1981, which brought out
the fact that the staff of the project has been carrying out the health care
delivery and population education at the door$teps in all the villages and in
addition to providing general health care to the families, including ante-natal
and post-natal care and vaccination of the infants, they educate and motivate
the families for the adoption of different types of family planning methods by
the eligible couples. The project so far has covered a population of 12,000
spread over 15 villages. During this period quite a few eligible couples had
adopted. some form of family planning method, including the terminal method
of sterilisation by some. Further, the review brought out the fact that as a result
of such activities the resistance to the adoption of family planning is gradually
disappearing.
Keeping the progress of the project in view, in Januaty 1981, it has been
further extended for another period of two years, with an additional budget of
Rs 3 lakhs. During this period the activities of the project have to be extended
to more villages and adjoining areas thus covering double the number of
families covered so far, by recruiting and training some more indigenous local
nurse dais. It is also proposed to hold a comparative survey on the level of
success and performance in a few villages covered by the project, compared
with similar performance in a another group of villages in the adjoining areas
which are provided with the State's health care and family welfare services, so
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that the experiences gained from the performance 'of the project could then be
incorporated in the State's health care and family welfare programme. It is
further proposed to hold population education activities in inost of Panchayatsj
village groups/carpet wea\\'ing factories, etc.
Rs 3,00,000 (sanctioned in September 1975) .
+Rs 1,00,000 (sanctioned in October 1979) ,
+Rs 3,00,000 (sanctioned in January 1981)
Background
Progress
The Naujhil Integrated Rural Project for Health and Development (NIRPHAD)
Society has been undertaking various programmesjprojects for the socio-
economic development of the Naujhil Block in the District of Mathura, U .P.
o It conducted a baseline survey in 7 Blocks of Mathura District, as a result of
which it has chosen one Block for developing an integrated rural project, lay-
ing emphasis on the interaction of:health and development.
The project for socio-economic development of Naujhil Block was started in
January 1979, after providing training to the staff (Village Level Workers-
"VLWs"). The programmes of socio-economic development undertaken include
(i) agriculture and irrigation saturation, (ii) strengthening of animal husbandry,
(iii) cottage industries, (iv) functional education and training: and (v) health
programmes with components of immunisation, water disinfection, nutrition
education, and demociliary midwifery. These programmes have been under-
taken by the Society through a bank loan provided to it. The Society is also
running its own Hospital Clinic in the Block.
The present project has been planned to undertake family planning programme
integrated with its rural development programmes, in order to demonstrate the
acceptance of family planning through an active socio-economic programme, in
which the emphasis is based on the interaction of health and socio-economic'
development.
The project started functioning with effect from September 1980. The pro-
gramme is being conducted through the utilisation of properly trained local
indigenous workers (dais), who work in close collaboration with the other
Viliage Level' Workers (VLWs) involved in the socio-economic development
programmes.
The local indigenous workers (dais) have been s~lected and are undergoing
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4.3 Page 33 |
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training, and the curriculum for their training has been developed.
Besides making available family planning services, the family planning
workers also lay stress on maternal and child health. To increase the acceptance
for small family norm the target couples are also exposed to family planning
education.
The Naujhil Integrated Rural Project for Health and Development Society,
Mathura, U.P.
The Centre for Population Concerns, Hyderabad, has been running an Urban
Family Welfare Centre (Shilpa Clinic) in the city of Hyderabad. Besides
other contraceptive methods, the Clinic is providing surgical contraceptive
services of MTP and sterilisation, in addition to some gynaecological services.
The Clinic has been financially supported to some extent by the Government.
The Centre has now proposed to extend family planning services into a rural
area with an innovative stance, based on the assumption that much of the indigent
population is becoIning disillusioned with family planning services which are
being provided to them in an ad-hoc and fragmented manner, and the quality
of services provided being poor. The itnprovement in the delivery of contra-
ceptive services at the periphery, with back up of expert service$ of the family
planning Clinic, should make these more acceptable.
The project started functioning with effect from September 1980 This is being
undertaken in two rural areas with a total population of approximately 50,000,
the areas chosen being in Himmatnagar and Madek Blocks. One CHW for a
populati<ln of approximately 2,000 will mainly provide family planning services.
The working of these CHWs is to be guided, supervised and supported by
ANMs and a male extension worker. A lady doctor will further provide
guidance, supervision and other support to these programmes at the periphery
and the project will also utilise the services of a social scientist for developing
programmes of communication, education and other activities directed towards
change of community behaviour for the acceptance of small family norm.
The project activities are being undertaken in close collaboration with the
Government's health workers, who provide health care, and the staff of this
project primarily looks after the contraceptive services.
Spacing methods of contraception are provided at the periphery in the
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4.4 Page 34 |
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rural areas and cases of failure referred to the Clinic for MTP services. The
Clinic also provides the terminal procedure ofsterilisation.
Action-cum-Research Project on Different Aspects of Medical Termination
of Pregnancy (MTP) Having a Bearing on Family Planning.
Commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation in collaboration with the
Government of D.P.
The MTP Act has been in operation now for nearly eight years and it was to
have made an impact on the population parameters in India though its
primary purpose is to make abortion more easily available on therapeutic
grounds.
At the time that the present project was first envisaged, it was felt that
legal abortion had still not reached anticipated levels, possibly because (1)
adequate facilities were not available in the more remote areas; and (2) doctors
in hospitals were themselves not sufficiently motivated to perform abortions.
The main objective of the project would be to study the factors which
influence the acceptance of MTP services (and often compel women to seek
illegal abortions) and find out if the provision of proper equipment with
requisite management and organised efforts can bring about an improvement
in their level of acceptance. Specific objectives included study of the character-
istics of abortion seekers, reasons which prevent women from availing of MTP
services, detecting any trends (seasonal, etc.) in induced abortion rates and
other aspects; and also determine if the acceptance of MTP services is enhanced
by the provision of the necessary equipment in hospitals and improved training
of doctors and the effectiveness of MTP programme through the use of local
(part-time) para-medical workers.
The Foundation, with the help of a task force formulated a research
design for the prCiject. MTP equipment has been provided by the Foundation
to 30 centres in D.P. and has been in use for three years. Additional assistance
for providing para-social workers as counsellors for abortion seekers, both
before and after, has been sanctioned.
At the instance of the' Government of D.P., the research analysis part of the
project was postponed. They are now ready for the same (they have submitted a
cumulative report of the performance of the MTP centres). They also have
asked for continuing the second phase of the project involving the local para-
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Rs 3,50,000 (sanctioned in July 1975)
Rs 46,000 (sanctioned in May 1979)
This is a project for identifying and defining the role and function of the com-
munity health worker through the development of a number of case studies of
relevant expereiences in the field (especially in the non-governmental sector)
with special focus on family planning, to be followed by a Workshop. This
subject is particularfy relevant in the present context where there is growing
disenchantment with the high technology-oriented clinical approach of the health
sewices.
The basic aim of the project is to identify the kind of persons who would be
effective in promoting health and family planning at the grassroot level, based
on the experience of relevant projects in India and also an international case
study based on experience outside the country.
Five project experiences in the country' which focus on the village level
community health and family planning worker were identified for their tested
innovation in the preparation of case studies.
The case studies are process oriented with focus on all aspects of the commu-
nity health worker-selection, training roles, interraction with other agencies,
effectiveness, problems encountered, etc.
Once all the case studies have been organised, it is proposed to hold a national
Workshop at which their findings will be presented and discussed with a'view to
making practical recommendations for programme and policy. The Workshop
would be for the researchers, field workers and policy makers.
All case studies have been received. The Workshop has been postponed for the
time being as it was thought necessary to include the experience of the Govern-
ment's Village Health Worker Scheme, in the deliberations, which is operating
in more than one lakh villages. The pr.oject was commissioned in 1975 and the
case studies were ready in 1978. One or two more additional case studies of
other experimental projects in the country' are also under way. It might also the
worthwhile to review the findings of some recent relevant Workshops on be
subject like the ICMR Workshop on Rural Health which was held a few months
ago, to integrate their findings into the National Workshop. The Foundation is
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4.6 Page 36 |
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proposing to organise the project, including the Workshop in the middle of
1981.
The health status of a nation is an unmistakable indicator of the impact of its
socio-economic development. The fitness of a nation, or the absence of it, are
products essentially of certain basic factors such as (i) adequacy of national
production of nutritionalconsl.1mption commodities, (ii) adequacy of intake of
food and other nutrients, (iii) the health status of the communities, and (iv) co-
relation of these with the pattern of income, consumption and distribution.
In our country, despite three decades of planning and considerable progress
invarious fields of economic- and social life, the health status of the nation has not
improved explicitly, except what is shown as the increase in the expectation of
life. It is ,further important to know to what is happening to the physiological
capabilities of those who are entering the labour force for employment, just as
it is important to know as to what are the negative physiological impacts of
long unemployment.
A planning grant has been sanctioned to develop a project, based on certain
micro-level health studies carried out in some parts of the country. The study is
required to be conducted with focus on (a) the impact of poverty on the health
of the people, (b) the trend of the various diseases and the successes or failure to
controlthem, (c) how the health status is affecting the economic activity of the
nation, (d) what is the minimum control mechanism required to check their
adverse effects, and (e) what is the relationship between the present health status
and the policies for population control.
Developing a Demonstration Project to Integrate Health and Family Planning
with Rural Development.
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Vigyan Shiksha Kendra (VSK) is a society of dedicated young social workers
and scientists who work for rural reconstruction through education and econo-
mic programmes for self-reliance. Their programme involves direct participation
of the village community interacting with scientists, technologists, educationists
and social workers. VSK is also undertaking health care and family planning
programmes in the rural area as part of its activity, to demonstrate that health
and family planning services co~bined with other extension services, are
essential for the integrated social and economic development of the' village
community.
A planning grant has been sanctioned for VSK to carry out a survey on the
socio-economic and health status of the families in this rural area. This will
help them to develop a project for organisation and delivery of health care and
family planning services to the rural communities through properly trained
village health workers.
Integration of Population Education and Promotion of Small Family Norm in
Rural Areas through Voluntary Agencies.
Background
Progress
AVARD is central national federation of voluntary agencies working in the
field of rural development in India. At present, AVARD functions through a
number of. its affiliated members in different states. AVARD is developing a
project for the integration of general health care and family planning with its
other rural development activities, through training and utilisation of cammunity
health workers, and further involvement of the health staff of the primary
health centres and sub-centres.
A planning grant of Rs 5,000 has been sanctioned for AVARD for the develop-
. ment of such a project. AVARD has submitted a project proposal for consider-
tion by the Foundation, which is currently under process.
Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Pevelopment (AVARD)"
New Delhi.
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II. Biomedical Research
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4.9 Page 39 |
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Extensive biomedical research for developing effective, safe and acceptable
contraceptive technology is being carried out aU ove:r the world, including
India. However, in spite of much knowledge gained through this and the availa-
bility of a number of contraceptive methods, it has still not made its due impact
in our country, especially amongst the rural population. The Foundation has
been actively supporting such researches for developing and making available
contraceptive technology which will have relevance to the present Indian
conditions, including improvement in the existing contraceptive technology and
its adaptation to the particular needs of our country. The Foundation also
attempts to take up those programmes and projects where it can continue to
playa pioneering, innovative and risk-taking role, further keeping in view that
these should have a potential of applicability to the national family planning
programmes. The Sixth Five Year Plan of the Government of India also men-
tions that while no major breakthrough in contraceptive technology is expected
in the immediate future, biomedical research for family planning is important
and has to be continued and intensified, including research on indigenous
methods and programmes which have been and are still in vogue. A Study
Group set up by the Foundation has also helped in developing a strategy for
encouraging biomedical research in the field of human reproduction and family
planning, which will have relevance to the present Indian conditions.
The Ford Foundation gave a special grant of Rs 16 lakhs to the Family
Planning Foundation for establishing a Researc'h Award Scheme for Career
Development in the field of Human Reproduction and Contraceptive Tech-
nology. With this the Foundation has endeavoured to give a selective thrust to
reproductive research in India, by supporting promising areas of research,
through a programme of Fellowship awards to outstanding and promising
scientists, keeping in view their level of seniority, expertise, and scientific and
academic proficiency.
If a vaccine capable of preventing pregnancy can be developed, which is rever-
sible and free from side effects, it will have special advantages of being amenable
to mass use, not requiring highly trained personnel, and likely to be available at
low cost.
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The effective agents in immunological methods are the ones which are
produced within the body, e.g. antibodies and sensitized cells elicited in
response to vaccination, and these require rather small and infrequent intake
of the immunizing agent, thus sparing the body from continued medication
with chemical compounds. Placenta is a tissue which develops as a consequence
of conception. It has a vital role in the establishment and maintenance of
pregnancy. It will, therefore, be logical to attempt anti-placental immunological
approaches for control of fertility.
The human chorionogonadotropin (HcG) formed in the placenta is a
glycoproteinic hormone composed of two subunits. The alpha subunit of HcG
is nearly identical to that. present in the other hormones; the beta subunit
imparts to these hormones the respective individuality. Though the biological
role of HcG is not fully known, it is a crucial component during the first 7 to 9
weeks of human pregnancy which is essential for implantation of fertilized
ovum. This project, therefore, i8 based on the induction of anti-bodies against
HcG, as the immunization against HcG wiII lead to non-implantation and thus
infertility.
The work on this project started in 1975 and has been making steady progress.
Through the last few years the project has also been supported by the Interna-
tional Development Research Centre, Canada, as well as the World Health
Organisation, and recently has received support from Rockefeller Foundation,
U.S.A.
Trials with the vaccine on animals as well as human females have brought
out the following results:
i) Animal trials originally conducted with the vaccine gave good results in
producing antibody titres against HcG, and further very little cross-reaction
with LH was observed. On the basis of the methods used, animal trials did
not show any toxicity.
ii) Phase I trials conducted on human females, who had been tubectomized,
or in whom hysterectomy had been done, tended to substantiate the above-
mentioned results observed in animals. Good antibody responses were
observed without any unfavourable side effects.
iii) However, when clinical trials were conducted on some normal human
females, it was observed that there was a marked variability in the immuno-
logical responses produced in the respondents. Effective antibody concent-
rations could not be achieved in some women to prevent conception, while
good immunological response was observed in some others.
iv) Studies conducted on baboons appear to provide quite favourable and
effective results.
To achieve the above-mentioned desired results, the task before the project
is to evolve ways and means:
a) to improve the threshold of antibody response; and
b) to evolve new strategies to combat the problem of individual variability in
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(A) Improvement of Antibody Response
This requires the development of immunopotentiating agents or "adjuvants".
An arrangement has been made with CORI, Lucknow, to synthesize a series of
muramy dipeptide (MOP) compounds, for which the Foundation has sanctioned
a grant of Rs 25,000 to CORI. However, the first preparation made by CDRI,
when tested in the laboratory, has not shown the expected adjuvant activity.
CORI has programmed the synthesis of new batches of MOP, as well as some
other derivatives and analogues of this compound. Another adjuvant, lipopoly-
saccharide (LPS) has been isolated and is being tested for its effects.
. (B) Studies on Individual Variability
There are genetic variations amongst individuals in terms of helper response to
a given proteinic epitome. Studies are being conducted to find out whether
using a "multi-carrier" approach may help overcome the individual deficiency
towards a single carrier and may then give a better composite response. The
properties of some other carriers, such as polyflagellin (POL) and keyhole
homo~yanin (KHC) are being investigated. Another carrier proposed to be
studied will be from the influenza virus.
(C) Molecular Topology of f3 HcG
Studies are being carried out to find out the merits and limitations of the C
terminal synthetic peptides of ~ HcG. These studies are expected to provide
information on the portion of the molecule which is important as an immunodo-
minant epitome, as well as the part of the molecule involved in biological
activities.
Rs 5,00,000 (sanctioned in 1975).
(The Institutional Development Research Centre, Canada and the Rocke-
feller Foundation, U.S.A. are also providing financial assistance to the project).
+ Rs 25,000 for Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (sanctioned in
1978).
A Clinico-Pharmacological Evaluation of Plant Products used in Indigenous
System of Medicine for Fertility Regulation.
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The folkloric evidence and ancient literature mention the use of a number of
plants for unspecified antifertility activity, and as abortifacients, uterine stimu-
lants and emmenagogues in women. However, as yet there is no authentic
scientific evidence, based on animal or clinical investigations, for the fertility
regulating effects of any of these plants. In fact relatively little attention has
been devoted to explore plant kingdom for this purpose; this despite the fact
that the estrogens and progestogens, which form the basis of most potential oral
contraceptives were first isolated from plants.
In spite of the previous encouragement provided for studies on plants tradi- '
tionally used for fertility control, majority of such studies have been mostly
limited to the testing of extracts of such plants in animals. A few trials have
also been carried out on human beings. Such studies, however, have so. far
drawn blank.
It has, therefore, been proposed to scientifically evaluate plants and other
indigenous pr()ducts, reputed to possess certain anti-fertility properties, for their
contraceptive effects.
The project started functioning with effect from January 1979. The studies have
been based on the rationale that it would be more appropriate to scientifically
evaluate plants and other indigenous products reputed to possess certain
antifertility properties, by using these in the manner prescribed by those claiming
their antifertility effects. The studies are carried out in two phases. Pre-clinical
studies are first conducted on animals to determine the toxicity of the drug/herb.
Only after the results of these studies have been reviewed by appropriate
experts, controlled clinical trials on human females are to be undertaken for
~hich the Government of India, through Central Council for Research in
Ayurveda and Sidha, has provided funds for setting up separate beds in PGI
Hospital.
The following seven plants/herbs/ayurvedic drugs have been taken up for
such investigations:
1) Daucus Carota Seeds
2) Vicoa Indica (B'clnjhauri)
3) Citullus Colocynthis
4)· Semecarpus Anacardium
5) Apium Graveolens
6) Polygonum Hydropiper
7) VTP Tablets (mixture containing Embelia ribes, piper Iongum, assafaetida,
and borax).
Detailed toxicology studies on semecarpus anacardium in animals have
been carried out, including studies on blood components, certain enzymes
(function tests), and histological changes in different organs. After these have
been reviewed by experts (being done shortly) clinical trials would be under-
taken.
A team from PGI Chandigarh visited Sokhodeora for studying those women
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who had previously been administered Banjhauri by the local community, and
collected the plants for scientific investigation. Toxicology studies with this on
animals are being undertaken.
Toxicology studies are also being undertaken on Dacus Carota Seeds.
\\
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.
Mechanisms of Secretion of Choriono-gonadotropins in Pregnant Monkeys and
Human Placental Tissue Cultures.
Dr A Jagannadha Rao
(under the guidance of Prof N R Moudgal)
Previous studies have mainly been concentrated on the use of steroids, given
orally or by injection, for blocking ovulation and thus bringing about contra-
ception. Although such a systematic use of steroids has mostly been observed to
be without much side effects, still such a use, which has to be extended over long
periods, changes the normal hormonal patterns of the female. On the other
hand, if implantation of the fert~lized ovum in the uterus could be avoided
through some peripheral mechanisms, this would bring about contraception
without producing any systematic changes. It was, therefore, proposed to in-
vestigate the mechanism of secretion of chorionogonadotropins from the pla-
centa, so that an attempt can be made to block its secretion for contraceptive
purposes.
The project started functioning with effect from April 1979.
Studies on the mechanism of secretion of chorionogonadotropins from pla-
centa are being undertaken in vivo in the pregnant female bonnet monkeys, and
in vitro through "tissue cultures" of human placenta tissue.
Various techniques for assaying the reproductive hormones have been final-
ised and estimations of chorionogonadotropins and some other hormones in
female pregnant monkeys at different stages of pregnancy are being carried out.
These involve attempts to develop a radio-immunoassay specific for monkey
cG, a radio-receptor assay using 1125 and a rat testicular receptor preparation
system. Though such assays measure both LH and McG, these do not suffer
from the drawback of cross-reactivity as both bind to the same site.
In the monkeys, unlike in the human, the cG activity can be detected for
only a short duration after pregnancy and the peak is of a much lower magnitude.
Further, studies have indicated the placental steroidogenic mechanism is res-
ponsive to e~ogenous chorionogona.dotropins. Studies are in progress to look
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for cO receptors in the placental tissue and also monitor the biological half-life
of cG in monkeys.
Equipment and media required for "tissue culture" have been obtained and
studies undertaken on tissue cultures of human placenta for further understand-
ing the mechanism of secretion of ReG.
Dr Jayshree Sen Gupta and a Training Fellow
(under the guidance of Prof S K Manchanda)
Like the project on mechanism of secretion of chorionogonadotropins. this also
aims at preventing the implantation of the ovum in the uterus, through a study
of the steroidogenesis and other metabolic changes taking place in the fertiJised
ovum. It was, therefore, proposed to study the various metabolic events taking
place in the fertilised ovum, which are responsible for its implantation, with a view
to be able to block the implantation.
The project started functioning with effect from April 1978. Studies are being
undertaken on various metabolic and chemical changes in the blastocyst (ferti·
lised ovum), and at the uterine site of implantation, before actual implantation
takes place. These studies involve histochemical and histological events. Further.
effects of certain hormones (anti-hormones) and certain other chemicals on these
are being stlldied.
It has been observed that by the use of anti-estrogens certain hormonal and
metabolic changes in the blastocyst are blocked, which not only hinder the
further development of blastocyst, but also prevent its implantation in the
uterus.
The in vitro experiments indicate the importance of embryonic estrogen in the
implantation of the embryo, not only in rats and mice but also in rabbits and
hamsters. Embryonic estrogen is required for making appropriate enzymic and
morphological changes for reception and implantation of the embryo ..
The pattern of activity of various lysozomal enzymes and the morphologi-
cal changes that occur at the site of implantation, as distinct from what happen~
at the inter-implantation sites, and ihe preudopregnant uteri, have also been
documented.
The embroynic estrogen is not only important for making distinctive changes
in the uterine epithelium to receive and implant the e$bryo. it is also required
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for thedevelopinent and differentiation of the embryo itself.
These studies have so far been carried out in rats, mice and rabbits, and
further studies are now being extended to monkeys.
Antifertility Effects of Intranasal Administration of Prostaglandins to Rhesus
Monkeys.
Dr C P Puri
(under the guidance of Prof T C Anand Kumar)
Prof Anand Kumar has been carrying out studies with the intranasal use of
steroids for producing antifertility effects. It was proposed to undertake similar
trials in monkeys· with the use of prostaglandins delivered through intranasal
sprays, to study their effects on reproductive processes. The nasal route for
delivery of prostaglandins was expected to bring about quicker concentration of
prostaglandins in the cerebrospinal fluid, thus producing more direct effects on
the central nervous system. .
The project started functioning in April 1978. The normal hormonal secreting
patterns,of female rhesus monkeys were initially worked out during different
months (seasonal variations). Prostaglandins were then sprayed intranasally in
rhesus monkeys using glass automizer, and its concentrations in cerebrospinal
fluid and blood compared with similar levels achieved through intramuscular
injections. Ovarian and other hormonal studies after giving such nasal sprays
were also carried out to determine the effects of prostaglandin sprays.
It was shown that prostaglandins delivered through nasal sprays appear
simultaneously in the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as in the blood, and prelimi-
nary evidence was provided that this helps to decrease the level of circulating
Luteinising Hormone (LH), and also influences the secretion of progresterone
from the corpus luteum. However, it was observed that nasal sprays of the
prostaglandins used in some of the monkeys also resulted in producing
bronchos pasm.
Further studies are being carried out to find out if there are any varieties of
prostaglandins which when given through nasal sprays may not result in
bronchospasm.
Rs 53,000 (sanctioned in November 1977)
Rs 1,20,000 (sanctioned in July 1979)
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Title
Development, Evaluation and Application of a Radio-Receptor Test for HcGI
LH in Fertility Regulation.
Fellows
Mr P Potdar
(under the guidance of Prof S M Shahan i)
and Dr A Kasid
(under the guidance of Prof K R Laumas)
Background
It was proposed to develop a radioreceptor (RR) test for human choriono-
gonadotropins (HcG), which can enable the detection of very early stages of
pregnancy, i.e. within a few days of the fertilisation of the ovum, instead of
waiting for 4 to 6 weeks which the other available tests require. After the
passage of the MTP Act and with the emphasis on bringing about required
abortions at very early stages (designated as menstrual regulation of pregnancy-
. MR), it is important to be able to distinguish at this early stage whether preg-
nancy has occured, or only menstruation has been delayed, so that the MR
may not be carried out unnecessarily.
Progress
The project started functioning with effect from September 1978.
Receptors are prepared from bovine ovaries for developing a radio-receptor
test which enables the detection of very early pregnancy in human females.
These are iodinated with radio-iodine and standardised for receptor response
with known amount of HcG. Based on these, these are then tested with blood
samples obtained from human females at different stages of pregnancy', includ-
ing within a few days of missing a period.
The receptor has been prepared in the laboratory of Prof K R Laumas in
Delhi and the clinical and other tests carried out in the laboratory of Prof S M
Shahani in Bombay.
.
After developing the methodology for preparation of the receptor of Delhi,
the worker at Bombay has been trained for preparing it at Bombay, where
further studies and clinical trials with the same are to be carried out.
Institution
Department of Endocrinology, T.N. Medical College, Bombay, and Department
of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
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Prof Adiga has been carrying out work on certain specific carrier-proteins for
some water soluble vitamins in various biological systems. These proteins inter-
"act with the respective free vitamins with a high degree of specificity, which
enables facilitated transport of the vitamins across placenta against concentra-
tion gradients.
Detailed studies with regard to riboflavine-binding-protein and thiamin-bind-
ing protein have further shown that these carrier-proteins are specifically induced
by estrogen and help in the transportation of these important vitamins to the
fetus. Under certain physiological conditions, such as pregnancy, characterized
by extra demand for these nutrients for embryC?nicdevelopment, the maternal
system may develop specialized mechanisms for the delivery of these vitamins
across the placental barrier. If this can be established, then development of
mechanisms against such specific carrier-proteins would be of great signifinance
in preventing the growth of the fetus and thus bring about early termination of
pregnancy.
The project started functioning with effect from Jaftuary 1981. Studies have
been undertaken to demonstrate the availability and functioning of such carrier-
proteins in human females under the following conditions:
i) during different phases of menstrual cycle and their corelation with estrogen
and other endocrine levels,
ii) during different trimesters of pregnancy, and
iii) women who are taking contraceptive (steroid) pills.
Preliminary studies have demonstrated the presence of such carrier-proteins
in human females.
Dr (Mrs) Sudha Chatterjee
(under the guidance of ProfSomnath Roy)
Previously carried out studies have mainly been directed for inhibiting the for-
mation of sperms, through the use of steroids, endrogens, antiendrogens and
some combinations of these. These have the drawback of low acceptability, as
besides other things they also inhibit the production of testosterone, thus decreas-
ing libido and certain other metabolic effects. The sperms formed in the testes
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do not have the capacity to fertilize the ovum and this fertilizing poWer is
developed during their maturation while stored in the epididymis.
Cyproterone acetate at low doses, and testosterone enathate, do not produce
any untoward side effects. Keeping this in view it has been proposed to undertake
studies on human males, as well as on male monkeys, to study the process of
capacitance of sperms which takes place in the epididymis, through the influence
of certain hormones and enzymes.
The project started functioning with effect from April 1979. The following
studies are being undertaken on male monkeys and human males.
Studies on Monkeys
These studies mainly concentrate on the maturation of sperms in the epididy-
mis, and further to study the effects of androgen and cyproterone acetate on
these monkeys. The studies include those on semen obtained through ejacula-
tion, including its physical and biocheplical components like acid phosphatase,
glycerylphosphorylcholine, fructose, sialic acid, acrosine, ATPase, and
hyaluronidase; and further studies on the different portions of the epididymis
(caput, corpus, cauda) and vas deferences, including the luminal fluid.
The studies are being conducted on three groups of monkey, i.e. (i) control
group for obtaining physiological data, (ii) monkeys treated with cyproterone
acetate alone, and (Hi) monkeys treated with cyproterone acetate - and testoste-
rone.
The data from the control group of monkeys has already been obtained,
and other two groups of monkeys are under treatment with cyproterone acetate
alone, and combined with androgen.
Studies on Human Volunteers
These studies are being conducted only on semen obtained through ejaculation,
including the physical and biochemical parameters as detailed for monkeys
semen.
Three groups of human volunteers are being studied: (i) one group given
treatment with cyproterone acetate alone, (ii) second group treated with
testosterone enanthate alone, and (iii) third group given combined treatment with
rone acetate and testosterone enanthate.
The studies on human volunteers were started at a later stage, after clarifi-
cation from WHO that such studies in humans have been cleared from ethical
cyproteangle.
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Previous studies for male contraception have mainly been directed for inhibiting
the formation of sperms through the use of steriods, or similarly acting subs-
tances. These have the drawback of low acceptability, as alongwith inhibiting.
spermatogenesis. These also inhibit the production of testosterone, thus decreas-
ing libido. The sperms formed in the testes do not have the capacity to fertilize
the ovum, and this fertilizing power is developed during their maturation while
stored in the epididymis. An understanding of the mechanism involved in
developing such a capacity can help in blocking this process, thus resulting in
contraception. It was, therefore, proposed to study the role of various meta-
bolic and enzymetic changes taking place in the epididymis for sperm matura-
tion.
The project started functioning in September 1978.
Initial studies were carried out on albino rats, mainly oriented to find out
how androgen influences energy dependent systems involved in sperm maturation
at various epididymal sites. The epididymal sites studied were caput, corpus,
and cauda. Studies conducted were on glycogen, lactate dehydrogenase, phos-
phohexose, isomerase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and proteins.
Further studies are being conducted on rhesus monkeys on the same lines
as in the rats. These are also being carried out on different parts of the epididy-
mis, both in the normal animals, as well as in orchidectomised animals, some
of whom are administered testosterone, while others are not given anything.
These studies have provided leads on the mechanism of utilisation of
glycogen, glycolytic enzymes, and the lipids, which provide important sources
of energy for sperm maturation.
The presence of an acidic glycoprotein, which maybe specific for this
mechanism, has also been demonstrated.
The possible dependency of this mechanism on local hormones and other
enzymatic and metabolic parameters, is now being investigated, in an attempt
to establish a mean of control of this process of capacitance.
Department of Endocrinology (Physiology), Postgraduate Institute of Basic
Medical Sciences, Madras.
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Study Group on "Injectables" and "Implants" for Long-Term Control of
Fertility.
The daily intake of steroid pills for contraception has its own logistic problems.
Alternative methods of delivery of storoids have therefore been proposed, both
in the form of injectable preparations as well as steroid implants. A number
of preparations have been developed and used in certain situations both experi-
mental as well as clinical. The impression so far is that no such preparations
are available which can be adopted for general mass use in our country. Such
a preparation should not only be highly acceptable specially to our rural popula-
tion, but should also not have side effects which may obviate its use in the
rural conditions, with the presently available health infrastructure. At the
same time some of these preparations have been/are being used in some
countries/communities, with a certain level of success.
It is, therefore, proposed that the Foundation may organise a "Study Group"
to go over scientific and other available material from studies conducted on
such injectables and implants, both in this country as well as in other countries,
and thus make an assessment of the suitability or otherwise of adopting any
of these preparations for use in this country. The Study Group may also be
in a position to define any further areas of research which need to be taken
up for improving the acceptability of any such preparation.
A planning grant was sanctioned for initially preparing a Working Paper on
literature and other material which may be available from various experi-
mental/clinical studies conducted in this country as well as in other countries.
Such a Working Paper has already been prepared.
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III. Information, Education and Communication
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With the increasing recognition of the concept that family planning is primarily
an act of social change, the earlier dominance of the programme by the medical
fraternity and the "clinical approach" has begun to recede and to be recog-
nised today as only one essential technical aspect. A growing appreciation of
the need to emphasize the educational approach has added a significant dimen-
sion to IEC activity as an equally important technical support, critical to
effecting the radical changes in social value systems through which family plan-
ning acceptance accelerates. Even though the Government has at its command
the vast media network in this country, IEC activity more than any other
type of activity, is in need of voluntary organisation/public support to make it
more effective, credible and consistent with people's needs. This philosophy
has guided the Foundation from its inception, which has from the beginning
given due importance to IEC in its work, but more so in the last years during
which it has concentrated in considerable part to make a contribution in this
area.
Towards this end, the Foundation has attempted to influence the media
directly towards higher visibility and more responsible review of population
issues, as also tried to systematically build support for population work by
creating allies within institutions/organised networks.
The Foundation does not see IEC activity as an end in itself, but more as
an instrument which can be used to move towards specific action in the field.
Accordingly, a critical part of its IEC programme activity is project dcvelop-
ment work. This has laid particular emphasis on the neglected area of women's
development and status, which has emerged as one of the most crucial inter-
linkages to population interests. While sensitivity to women's issues suffuses
the Foundation's spectrum of activity, women's projects have found a special
niche in the IEC programme. This in recognition of the fact that women's
development effort needs considerable IEC input to proceed/be a part of the
action project, so that acceptability for new social equations and for women's
greater participation can be brought about.
Developing Programmes of Information, Dissemination, Motivation and Action
in Population and Family Planning.
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a paralysis had gripped the programme. The public, including the political
and media leadership, appeared uncomfortable in dealing with the issue. It was
in this situation of stalemate prevailing in June 1978 that the Family Planning
Foundation invited a leading free-lance journalist, who had been writing exten-
sively on social issues and with particular concern for the family planning
programme, to take up a project that would attempt to regenerate a commitment
for the population question amongst critical levels of leadership at the national,
state and local levels and to work towards recreating an ethos of concern for
family planning. The project played a dynamic role, particularly with the
media, which was quite effectively galvanised in support of the issue. Through
a range of imaginative initiatives, it triggered interest in a number of areas
both within the government and voluntary sectors, to take up the population
cause. Recognition of the contribution made by the project was considerable.
The Foundation felt that several new areas of collaboration had been opened by
the initiatives of the Communication Project and accordingly, it was extended
and expanded in its objectives in June 1980. The objectives are:
1) To persude the media to act as a purposeful and consistent support to the
population issue.
2) To develop institutional supports for population work.
3) To develop experimental projects which provide models for action.
It was particularly felt that it was important to take up as part of the
project development work specific activity on women's status issues which have
now emerged as a crucial interlinkage of population work.
The earlier project commenced on 1st June 19?8. It was extended on 1st June
1980. Within the media the project has played a &ingular role in keeping the
family planning issue meaningfully alive during a period of general neglect. It
has made a particularly valuable contribution in mobilising the English national
press and the mass media into conerned debate, also some sections of the
Hindi press. Two major highlights of this direct communication effort have
been tl1e TV interviews with JP in September 1918 and Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi in September 1980. In both instances, the key political figure of the time,
was persuaded through the mechanism of the interview to make a public state-
ment of support to the population issue, breaking ground at "a time when the
issue was being politically shelved. Both interviews have provided considerable
communication mileage country-wide and further served to provide an impetus
to administrative structures.
Project Deve-
lopment
This project has been integrated into the general programme of activities of the
Family Planning Foundation and the entire ·number of projects listed under IEC
in this report, with one or two exceptions, reflect the work of this project.
Rs 3,00,000 (sanctioned in April 1978)
Rs 4,40,000 (sanctioned on 28th April 1980)
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It is now increasingly recognised that family planning must be the concern of
all departments which deal with the people, if it is to succeed as a people's
movement. Developmental functionaries with a rapport with the community
therefore have a critical role to play in this work. The mukhyasevika is a
pivotal functionary for women's extension work in the development infrastruc-
ture of rural India. At present, this category of workers is not playing a truly
effective role in family planning promotion. To achieve their involvement it
was felt that it would be necessary to devise appropriate training that would
bring about a better understanding of population and women's status issues
within the framework of development. Many Mukhyasevikas have not received
any such training for a number of years (10-15 years) during which significant
developments have taken place, bringing new perspectives in these fields. It was
further felt that the training must also help to strengthen the capacities of the
functionaries to perform as change agents for social action as required by their
general work, but even more critical for the success of their involvement with
family planning. The project has attempted to develop a model for this type of
training and to demonstrate its success with a view to encourage government
to take up further work on similar lines
This project commenced on 1st February 1980 and was completed in February
1981. The training courses were staggered over the year to accomodate the
availability of the participants. From Tamil Nadu five batches of Mukhya-
sevikas, altogether totalling 109, and from Andhra Pradesh three batches, total-
ling 66, were provided a three week orientation. This used specific problems
and issues for discussion and encouraged a strong participatory role from the
trainees. Theory was kept to the minimum and practical work and field visits
concentrated upon with a view to integrate the knowledge of the trainees and
develop leads for action.
The training was reviewed by the Director, Women's Programme, Ministry
of Rural Reconstruction, and assessed as effective. Also the participants were
found to be most responsive. As an outcome of these training courses a work
manual providing guidelines for effective supervision and action for Mukhya-
sevikas has been produced. It will be reviewed by. the Ministry of Rural
Reconstruction for possible wider dissemination. Further, the participants
developed "backhome projects" which reorganised their work pattern for more
efficient performance, including in family planning. Tamil Nadu State Govern~
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meut has issued orders allowing the 109 Gandhigram-trained Mukhyasevikas
to implement the proposed changes in their areas, with a view to assess whether
this pattern of working needs to be adopted on a state-wide basis.
Instead of training two more batches from Andhra Pradesh-which would
have completed the project schedule-at the request of the Ministry of Rural
Reconstruction a training programme for Key Trainers of some of the northern
states was organised. The State of Rajastan and Madhya Pradesh participated.
Unfortunately, at the last moment Himachal Pradesh, which had deputed
candidates failed to avail of the course because of widespread landslides in the
state just at that time.
As a direct outcome of this project, the Foundation has now sponsored a
new project to strengthen an existing" training institution in the North to take
up similar work. One key trainer from the Institute of Community Develop-
ment, Udaipur participated in the Key Trainers' course at Ghandigram. This
summer with the help of two facuIty members from Gandhigram, the Institute
of Community Development, Udaipur will provide orientation training on the
line of this project for the 42 Lady Nutrition Extension Officers in Rajasthan.
It is hoped that Rajastan wiJI subsequently take up such training with other
suitable extension cadres.
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health & Family Welfare Trust, Madurai,
Tamil Nadu.
A Demonstration Project for Evolving an Effective Role for Grassroot Child
Welfare Workers in Family Planning in an Urban Slum/Rural Area.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is presently the
government's major thrust for child welfare and development work. 150 projects
covering 10 million population are already in operation across the country and
a total of 600 blocks are to be covered during the Sixth Plan period. The ICDS
is in effort to deliver at the doorstep a basic minimum package of health,
nutrition and education development services to pregnant and nursing mothers
and young children under the age of six. However, while this scheme is supposed
to stress on an integrated approach and highlights that only through mutually
reinforcing components of health, nutrition and education can a totality of care
for the child be established, it has, so far, comparatively ignored the contribu-
tion family planning must make within the scheme. In the ICDS the child is
taken care from the womb onwards. But toe pre-child phase of family planning
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critical to ensure the birth of healthy children and to reduce the risk to older
siblings in a family has not been adequately understood, or emphasised.
The Foundation has been highlighting the importance of such linkages from
the very outset of the planning of the ICDS scheme. A strong recommenda-
tion for this input was made in the Foundation's Across the Board Study of
UNICEF Projects. The basic thrust of the present demonstration project is to
reconceptualise the role of the Anganwadi workers and so bring into greater
focus what can be done for family planning, alongside other duties. The idea
is not to expand the Anganwadi workers' role in an additive sense, but to
bring about a qualitative change in thinking and alongside, to identify the
entry points for incorporating population interests in a more concrete way
within the day-to-day functioning. The National institute of Child Develop-
ment and Public Cooperation, which handles the training of the trainers of
ICDS workers, has been assigned the project, so that this project will be as
much a learning experience for NIPCID: to discover where and why its original
training design has failed to incorporate a vital national objective within an
integrated framework. The objective of the project is to ·identify the inputs
needed it).the training, as also, the ~eorganisation of the workload in order to
bring about a more meaningful population role for the Anganwadi workers
within the framework of her existing responsibilities.
This project was originally sanctioned on 29th November 1979 and faced consi-
derable difficulty in getting off the ground. The previous delay was caused by
administrative and political changes which resulted in a change in its selected
locale, as also necessitated expansion of the project to cover an entire block,
before it could be implemented. The expanded project was sanctioned on 30th
October 1980. At this stage the National Institute of Public Cooperation
and Child Development was identified as an appropriate institution to undertake
the work. After obtaining necessary. concurrences of the Ministry of Social
Welfare and Delhi Administration, the project was finally launched in the
MangolpurijSultanpuri resettlement colonies on December 1st, 1980. A project
Advisory Committee has been constituted consisting of representatives from
Ministry of Social Welfare, Directorate of Social Welfare, National Institute of
Health and Family Welfare and other experts in the field to provide broad
guidelines and review the implementation of the project.
The project implementation has been divided into four phases. In the first
phase, a survey of all (103) Anganwadi workers of the ICDS block was conduct-
ed to ascertain their general knowledge, background and perception of family
planning. This survey was followed by training of one batch of Anganwadi
workers (33) which attempted to provide better methods of working with the
community, of conducting household surveys and organising and motivating
skills, besides a clearer understanding of population concerns and family planning
methods. Currently, the family survey schedule is being administered by the
Anganw~dies traineq in the. first batch in their respective field areas in order
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to !;et a more comprehensive community profile. The work of Phase I is
being reviewed and the training of the second batch will b~ redesigned based on
the experience gained during the first phase. Phase n of the project will begin
shortly.
An Experimental Project for Integrating Population Education for AIl India
Handicraft Board Trainees in Carpet Weaving Centres around Varanasi.
The All India Handicrafts Boa.rd's craft training programme serves nearly
1,00,000 boys and girls in the age group 12-18. A major craft area is carpet
weaving for which 6,000 training centres exist in the country, mostly concen-
trated in UP, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, which are the areas of lowest family
planning acceptance in the country. Nearly 30,000 boys and .girls are involved
in the carpet weaving training programme alone. This infrastructure could
provide a valuable base for additionally subserving the national population
objectives by providing population education to an important target group-
the parents of tomorrow. Eventually there is also potential for using the
training centres as a base to reach out to the families of trainees with health
education and services that include family planning as an integral part of
improving the quality of life.
The present project's attempt is to develop a suitable strategy and the
materials for carrying out population education-which could be the starting
point for other activities-with a view to sensitise AIHB to the potential
available within its infrastructure for furthering the small family norm for
the country. This' project will attempt to develop a suitable methodology and
curriculum, besides the course materials, for this work. It hopes to demonstrate
the acceptability and effectiveness of the model for internalisation by AIHB.
Due to internal problems at BHU the operationalisation of this project was
considerabJy delayed though the sanctioned letter was issued in July 1980. Work
commenced on 1st January 1981. In the three months since, the main attempt
has been to consolidate information on literature and aids available and to
prepare a draft course content for the training, also a schedule for testing the
knowledge levels of the trainees. Progress has been slow for several reasons.
Appropriate field staff for this project has not been easily available as also key
persons from the AIHB in the field were on leave during this period. However,
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the field staff is now been placed in position. The necessary coordination with
AIH~ is being ensured and field action phase will commence in earnest in May.
Rs 5,000
Rs 93,000 (sanctioned on 14th November 1980)
Population Education thr~)Ugh Agricultural Institutions-Developing Role
Definition and Role Commitments of Agriculture Institutions in Population
Education.
The agricultural institutions in the country are playing an increasingly effective
role in development in the country, through programmes of demonstration and
result oriented strategies. It would be a good idea, it was thought, to develop
a concept and practice of population education relevant to rural areas using
the agricultural institutional infrastructure. The problem of population
education in the context of the project can be visualised as one of introducing
new but compatible roles in agricultural institutions, developing their commit-
ment to those roles and integrating these in their total role.
The plan will be implemented first on a pilot scale: a demonstration project
for expanding the role of the present agricultural institutions to include popula-
tion education. If the project achieves significant results, it would become the
precursor of a large-scale use of agricultural institutions for population educa-
tion with the help of the government. The role of the Foundation in this case
becomes doubly important because in addition to financing the actual demons-
tration it would also be developing the methodol<?gyinvolved.
The plan action involves:
a) Conducting a status study of selected agricultural institutions, especially
agricultural universities, in the country with regard to their goals, resources
programmes and their interest in population education;
b) locating entry and intervention p~ints in this system for the population
education programme envisaged;
c) developing a concrete intervention plan of action through a workshop;
d) implementing this plan of action; first on a pilot scale using an appropriate
agriculture institute as the base.
With the help of a research assistant, review of literature has been completed
followed by a questionnaire to a number of universities. Their responses are
now being processed. After this is done, the workshop will be organized, which
will identify method of introducing population education in the agricultural
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institutions. Severai agricultural universities are expected to introduce popula-
tion education in their curriculum.
Current Status
Various steps leading to the identification of a plan of action for demonstration
have been completed. A research assistant was appointed to this project in
December 1979. A bibliography of the literature relevant to the study has
been completed. The project although sanctioned at the end of 1975 was only
operationalized in 1979 because of change of Director of institutions after the
project was sanctioned.
A Demonstration Action Project in Developing Grassroot Workers Leaders:
Experiment in Leadership Training.
The colossal challenge posed by national population goals is a virtual quadrupling
of the number of family planning acceptors in the next two decades. This can
only be possible if family planning moves from being a government programme
to a people's movement, recongnised at the lowest levels of the economic
ladder as an integral instrument of uplift. Women's needs for family planning
being crucial and urgent, women's organisations with a mass base can be a
valuable catalyst for crystallising thinking in this direction.
The Working Women's Fo'rum in Madras, with a membership of 6,000
women from slums/villages in Madras and three rural districts, and a record of
social action work was indentified as an organisation which would help develop
a model for purposeful population activities at the grassroot level. This project
is attempting to develop the methodology for training and identifying the
support needed to make ordinary women with community concerns emerge as
effective leaders who understand family planning as of primary importance
within the larger social objectives, as also a fundamental personal right of the
woman.
The project was started on 2nd October 1980 and the initial training of six
weeks conducted for 60 worker-leaders in Madras, with the help of Gandhi-
gram Rural Health and Family Planning Trust, Madurai. Prior to the f develop-
ment of the curriculum, the Gandhigram faculty involved in this work was
briefly exposed to the Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health and Development
Project to strengthen their skills in regard to the training of illiterate women
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tor a sodai actIon roie. The training 'was conducted in active collaboration
with Tamil Nadu Health and Family Welfare Training Centre, who provided
the premises and other assistance.
The State government has been cooperating with the project at every stage.
The training included basic information on health, family planning and
developmental issues, alongside development of communication skills and field
work techniques to further these concerns. The women, though an extremely
active and articulate group were found to be largely ignorant on these aspects.
Base line data of 100 families was collected and an action programme designed
on the basis of the needs emerging from the survey. A systematic process of
infield training through observation and guidance is now continuing in order
to bring the women to the level of really effective work. Links are being
developed with other organisations and the local health services in order to
ensure that the medical service and follow-up-which is the biggest felt lacuna
in the community acceptance of family planning-is made more caring. The
women are also learning to keep a simple daily record of their activities, includ-
ing problems faced and solutions attempted, though this is proving somewhat
difficult in view of the fact that more than half the women cannot write
fluently. A concerted campaign has been conducted to canvas better health
cover to mothers and young children. In the first two months 400 antenatal
cases were registered. 190 pregnant women protected against tetanus, 224
women referred to medical institutions, including 44 for MTP, and immuni-
sation cover provided to over 1,000 children. 86 women accepted tubectomy,
2 men vasectomy, 53 women IUD and another 48 couples were helped to
avail ofpilIJconventional contraceptive3. Over 140 group discussions and 125
nutrition demonstrations have been conducted by the workers during these
first two months. The programme is progressing statisfactorily.
Atlas on the Chilp in India: A Visual Education Project Depicting the Place and
Importance of Children in Population and Development.
It is well recognised today that child welfare and family planning acceptance
are inextricably interwined. Unbridled population growth retards oevelopment
and the principle victim is the child who is always more vulnerable than the
adult. Conversely, in a society in which the child's plight is not meaningfully
addressed the consequent devaluation of child life inevitably leads to unplanned
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population growth. the needs and rights of the child must therefore be
established and addressed alongside, if family planning is to win acceptance
as a humane national policy. But for specific programmes of child development
to take place there is need for information which generates awareness of the
existing conditions of the status of the child. Very little work has so far been
done in the country to present a comprehensive picture of the situation and
this project is a step towards-rectifying the lacuna. The research for the AtIas-
the first on the Child in India-aims at building a comprehensive picture in
visual terms. It further aims at establishing disaggregated district data to pin-
point for local administrative units the precise remedial thrusts needed in
different areas of child welfare and development work. Two distinct target
audien~es are visualised as end-users of the Atlas:
1) Policy makers and administrators
2) Informed lay public
While this project is limited to researching and processing the material, it is
hoped that eventually two (or more) separate presentations would follow for
the different categories.
The project commenced on 1st February 1980. An exhaustive list of maps
of different socio-economic indicators· was prepared· and reviewed at several
meetings of experts. The list was narrowed down to 100-120 maps and graphs
from which there will be a further selective processing to identify 30-40 maps
that would make an effective communication message for the lay public. A
Bibliography on the child with special reference to India has been prepared.
A complete study of 150 NSS reports has been made and 42 identified as
containing data on the child which has been mapped wherever found appropri-
ate. The base map of India with districts and state boundaries and the
outline map of the world have been prepared and approved by the Surveyor
General of India. The first series mapping of some of the parameters has been
completed and the second (final) series is now in hand. Nearly 70 tables have
been prepared for the section on biological parameters and 30 for the economic
sections. Another 100 tables have been generated under different headings.
The work has been little delayed because of the student troubles within JNU,
but is proceeding reasonably satisfactorily.
Family Planning Foundation Awards for various Categories of Family Planning
Communication.
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In recent years the family planning programme has been politically controver-
sial and as a consequence communication activity in this field has been rather
low key. There is a vLible change in the official climate lately, but family
planning communication has not yet picked up. The Government has allocated
substantial resources for family planning communication work. The question
is how to catalyse the use of those resources in a manner that will produce
maximum impact and generate imginative, innovative programmes which cater
to the specific need of the present. Family planning communication work doe,s
not carry prestige within media circles presently and so attention to it tends to
be ad hoc. On occasions, funds earmarked for this purpose have lapsed
because of non-utilisation. There are tremendous opportunities to effectively
galvanise the existing communication channels for a more creative involvement
in family planning work, if professionals working within the media can be
attracted to focus their thinking on this issue. This project has been devised
to act as a stimulant. Two sets of prizes have been offered for radio & TV
programmes-at the first instance for a competition to elicit scripts and at the
end of the year for the best productions. Alongside, a sum of Rs 20,000 has
been provided for a~ards to the best articles on family planning appearing in
the language press. It is hoped that the project will result in greater creativity
and participation in family planning communication and bring high visibility
to the population issue.
The proposal has been forwarded to the Ministry of Information and Broadcast-
ing. Several meetings have been held with the officials of 1& B. The Secretary,
I & B is personally reviewing this scheme and it is hoped that clearance to
operationalise will materialise shortly.
Workshop for Developing Materials and Enhancing Skills for artists, photogra-
phers/copywriters from Rajasthan and Gujarat State Health and Family Welfare
Departments and Directorate of Audio Visual Publicity).
The National Institute of Design is a premier institution of the country with
a well established reputation for creative work in communication and display.
In 1978 the Family Planning Foundation began a dialogue with NID to kindle
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ah aWareness of the urgency of the family pianning problem and geuerate an
institutional commitment to enter into work in this area. A workshop was
sponsored by FPF in NID in October 1979 which provided an exposure to the
family planning issue to NID faculty and students of the visual communication
and graphics departments. Since then, NID's commitment to family planning
has crystallised. in a tangible manner. In its Forward Plan for 1980-85 NID
has highlighted health and family planning as a specific area of interest
within its social communication syllabus and atIeast one workshop a year
focussing on family planning is scheduled as part of its education programme.
Besides, making a film and some other communications materials which FPF
has sponsored for development, NID at its oWn initiative recently organised
a workshop for the artists and photographers of Gujarat State Health and
Family Welfare Department. It was felt that a workshop sharing the Gujarat
experience for developing specific materials for neighbouring Rajasthan-where
in complete contrast family planning acceptance is extremely; low would be
helpful for Rajasthan media people and stimulating for Gujarat. It would also
help to build NID's own expertise and commitment in the field, and the
participation of outside communication experts would further provide a rich
interchange of ideas and experiences, in which DA VP would also benefit.
The workshop is scheduled to take place at NID in Ahmedabad from 10th to
20th May. A meeting of the Rajasthan State Health Authorities with NID
and some communication experts took place in March. Further, NID has
appointed a research team which has visited the districts in Rajasthan and is
developing a specific brief for the communication prototypes to be developed.
A number of advertising and communication experts have been identified and
involved in the interaction for this workshop. DA VP· has nominated two
persons to attend. NCER T and the Institute of Mass Communication will also
participate. Full cooperation is being received from the Rajasthan State
Government.
Developing an Institutional Base in a Northern State for Orientation Training
of Key Women Development Functionaries.
Last year with the active support of the Director, Rural Women's Programme,
Ministry of Rural Reconstruction, Government of India, Family Planning
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t:'oumiation sponsored atGandhigram Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust
an orientation training course for 200 Mukhyasevikas-a critical category of
women's development functionaries, responsible for district and block level
supervision of village women extension workers belonging to the states of
Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
The response of the women functionaries undergoing training Was found
to be most positive. Further, the training was observed by the Ministry of
Rural Reconstruction, Government of India, as also the concerned departments
within the state governments of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh to have had
a stimulating impact. The Ministry of Rural Reconstruction subsequently
requested for the development of a training programme for key trainers of
Mukhyasevikas, so that an integrated approach for family planning and
women's development issues can be put across in all training programmes of
Mukhyasevikas. In addition to such orientation, it was felt that it would be
useful if expertise for the training could also be built up in an institution in
one of the North Indian States, where issues of family planning and women's
development have been generally accorded a low priority and therefore field
approaches to tackle these issues are not satisfactory.
A preliminary exploratory effort with different states identified Rajasthan as a
state with a definite need for this type of programme,· as also a certain degree
of enthusiasm to experiment with new ideas. The project proposes to organise
training at the Institute of Community Development, Udaipur with the help of
the Gandhigram Rural Health & Family Welfare Trust. All 42 Lady Nutrition
Exten.sion Officers of Rajasthan will be given training.
One trainer from the Institute of Community Development, Udaipur has
participated in the training session at Gandhigram Rural Health & Family
Welfare Trust, Madurai. The Institute has been visited by the Foundation
staff alongside the Director, Women's Programme, Ministry of Rural Recons-
truction and a number of persons and institutions in Udaipur who could
collaborate to make the training more meaningful and relevant identified. It
has been arranged that Gandhigram Rural Health & Family Welfare Trust
will send two trainers who have worked with the original Mukhyasevikas
training programme to assist in implementing the training. The curriculum
content has been developed and the course has been scheduled for May.
Action Demonstration Project to Identify Successful Approaches to Tackle
Resistant Communities.
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Poverty and high fertility are well-established as being mutualIy reinfordng.
Wherever low socio-economic indicators prevail, there is a cor:respondingly low
degree of voluntary family planning acceptance. The scheduled castes and
scheduled. tribes have a low profile in family planning practice. Also certain
religious communities present special problems. The resettlement colonies of
Delhi in general and Nav Seemapuri in particular was considered as suitable
ground to develop action approaches, because concentrated groupings of depri-
ved and resistant sections of society are available. The project's attempt is to get
a leading social organisation of the city involved in population work within the
overall framework of social development. Through funding the means of secur-
ing a core presence from the Guild of Service in the area. the project aims in the
long run to develop a cadre of workers within the community and to activise
the development and service benefits and resources available within the system
for deprived sections. The present project is in the nature of a preparatory
grant and is expected to develop through concrete work ·1n the field a more
precise plan for further work in the area.
Alongside developing the project proposal for the Family,Planning Foundation
the Guild of Service, on its own initiative. began action work 'in the field area.
In this process the Guild has come to the conclusion that there are a number
of anti-social and veEted interests in Nav Seemapuri obstructing headway for
social development of the area. The Guild has therefore expressed a desire
to delay the operationalisation of the project for a little while till it is able to
ensure the construction of a shed that would provide it a proper base from
which to operate and is able to secure from Delhi Administration law enforcing
authorities the requisite cooperation to function in the area. It is currently
engaged in eliciting this support and consolidating its earlier effort. It is hoped
that within the next few months the project will go into action.
The national family planning programme in India relies heavily on the use of
media materials, both for motivation and training purposes. New materiab
are continually being prepared by a number of agencies located all over tb,::
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country. Often there is considerable duplication of effort because of ignorance
of work done in other places. The Foundation has often received queries, as
also felt the need for such information in its own project development work.
It is felt that' the availability of an annotated resource list of family planning
media materials which would provide descriptive information on each material
as also the availability, the circumstances of availability and its cost, would be
most useful for several different segments of users. Decision-makers need this
information to review the media support available to the programme and to
identify significant trends and lacunae so as to direct efforts towards filling these
gaps. Grassroot workers need information, as much to avoid duplication as to
locate materials they need, and the mass media could equally step up usage of
existing materials and avoid duplication of themes in new productions.
This project is collecting information about all non-book media materials
on family planning and issues closely intertwined with it that are available in
the country. The descriptive information on these materials will be provided in
a catalogue and also made ready in computer data sheet form, which it is hoped
would be utilised by the National Information Centre eventually.
Work commenced on 1st March 1981. A questionaire for making a family plann-
ing media material survey has been developed alongside a fairly extensive list of
suitable organisation individuals from whom information may be elicited. The
questionaire has been mailed to the identified sources. Presently, the format for
cataloguing the material and for writing up the description is being standardis-
ed.
Action Demonstration Project Using Functional Literacy Programme as a
Catalytic for Social Action.
Eastern U.P. constitutes one of the most backward regions of the country, econo-
mically and socially. There is a great need for social developmental work in
this area that lays equal emphasis on economic improvement and population
limitation and particularly aims at increasing women's status. The Literacy
Centre, Doharighat, which is running a Balsevika Training Institute besides
conducting a number of Adult Education Centres and other allied social work
has an effective rural base in the heart of Azamgarh district. It was, therefore,
identified as a possible institution to take up such work. A planning grant was
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The project area has been visited by the Foundation's staff and some basic pro-
blems of the area and strategies for action examined. In view, of the fact that
the most pressing need is for reaching the poorest sections who have no time
for educational programmes unless they carry some income earning element,
some suitable socio-economic activities for women were identified. A training
programme for Balsevikas and other grassroot developmental functionaries to
give them expertise in handling the organisation and implementation of a socio-
economic unit has been carried out. This 'focussed on the setting up ..of a hand-
made paper unit and was organised by the Literacy Centre, as a part of its on-
going activities. On the basis of the experience from this training programme
a project proposal is further being developed, which uses socio-economic activity
as an instrument towards better family planning acceptance. The same is
presently awaited.
With the success of the first film commissioned by the Family Planning Founda-
tion namely "Parvati", which won the National Award as the best educationaJ
film of the year, the Foundation decided to look for a more dynamic and rele-
vant role in communication with special reference to films. Keeping this in
view, it was decided to identify creative and innovative ideas, situations and
experiments for producing films identifying suitable target groups for the same.
The Foundation is interacting with a number of film producers and directors and
specially with Mr Shanti Chowdhury to develop a desirable film which the
Foundation would consider supporting. A strong priority that is emerging in
making films is successful and innovative experiment in development projects
with family planning focus.
It is also felt that some of the Foundation's own projects have exciting elements
that need to be given wider attention, particularly in view of the fact that the
Foundation has now completed 10 years of activity. This is currently being
explored and a concrete project proposal could possibly result in the near future.
Yet another area in which some preliminary exploration has taken place is
regarding the possibility of collaborating with the milk cooperatives to make a
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film that weaves family planning into suitable dairying development/animal
husbandry care messages which could be used ~xtensively by the National
Dairy Development Board.
Integration of Population Education with Adult Education-Planning for a
Demonstration Project
The Family Planning Foundation, as part of its effort to play an innovative role,
has been trying to develop projects in and through infrastructures with potential
for population and related concerns. One such infrastructure exists in the
Indian Adult Education Association with its vast network of activities through-
out the country. The assistance is given with a view to develop in three areas
in the country (with varying difference in culture and geography) experimental
projects-in the rural, tribal and. urban situations. The project is envisaged in
three stages: (i) Survey and Planning stage, (ii) Pilot and Experimental stage and
(iii) Replication and Expansion stage.
The survey would be undertaken for planning and developing the project
keeping in view the following:
i) Adult education work through the centres may become more community-
oriented and in the process develop meaningful population programmes, ii)
identify and integrate innovative population education in the curriculum,
etc., iii) identify availability of expertise in the areas and outside, and iv) to
prepare a demonstration project based on the above ideas for 2 and 2!
years.
The phase, namely Survey and Planning stage, has recently been completed.
The project proposal based on the first phase has been prepared and submitted
to the Foundation for its consideration for assistance for the second phase.
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Despite the equality of status and opportunity that the law offers Indian
women, research has documented the poorest position they occupy in reality.
The sex differentials in development, as it has taken place so far, are now
clearly visible. The assumption that general socio-economic development efforts
uniformly benefit the poor is no longer valid and it is recognised that very
specific woman-focussed efforts will have to be made to stem the deterioration
in the status of women. Strengthening the economic basis of the woman which
provides her with greater autonomy and decision making powers in her own
life, alongside a conscientisation of women to their rights, is increasingly being
recognised as vital to actualising the women's felt need for family planning
which cannot always be articulated in the traditional setting. This planning
grant is to develop several models in the rural setting for improving their
condition in the important and related fields of employment and fertility regu-
lation. The long-term aim of the project is to improve the status of women and
to popularise the small family norm as an essential ingredient for this. In the
short-term, it aims to develop some of the different strategies that can be used
to move in this direction. Preliminary work has been done to identify several
rural areas of critical need of the local organisation which could undertake this
type of project. Amongst these in rural Bihar, Sitamarhi District has been identi-
fied and arrangements are being made to bring together a reliable research
organisation with local organisation in the area, in order to develop a suitable
project design at the earliest.
Non-formal Education for Motivation in Family Planning~A Demonstration
Project in a Rural Area in U.P.
Most of the non-formal education efforts in the country lack population stance.
They have also been by and large carried on in a piecemeal manner. The plan-
ning grant has been given for developing a project proposal of a meaningful
kind-a project that relates to an extended area of non-formal education with
population. The objective is to use non-formal educational methods and prog-
rammes to bring about desirable social changesthat influence fertility behaviour.
For this purpose, the Foundation interacted with Literacy House, Lucknow, to
develop a project with the tentative title: Non-formal Education for Motivation
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in Family Planning in a Rural Area in D.P.
The project envisages the following:
a) identifying a community development block not far oft" from Lucknow
(where Literacy House is located) to mini mise problems of logistics and
ensure economy. Also the project need not be too progressive or too back-
ward;
b) studying socio-demographic profile of the area including the status of
family planning;
.
c) identiyfying methods for motivation in family planning in the area through
existing and newly created and other structures (cooperatives, panchayats,
etc.);
d) identifying all available resources, both governmental and non-governmental,
and preparing a project proposal for a two to two-and-a-half year demom-
tration project based on the above.
The Literacy House has submitted a preliminary draft outline for preparing the
project proposal. The same has been found to be unsatisfactory. They have
been advised to revise the outline for developing the project proposal. A fully
developed project proposal is awaited by the Foundation for consideration.
To be reassigned to a new Project Director. (Earlier it was assigned to Dr Asha
Bhende.)
The project envisages a review and assessment of the current status of
population education in schools. The project was inordinately delayed because
of the serious illness of the Director. The decision to reassign the project 10 a
new project Director has been postponed in the light of a number of develop-
ments that have taken place since the commissioning of the study in the area of
population education. A number of studies have been undertaken by the
NCERT and a few other institutions on the subject. Also sex education is being
discussed with more ease and comfort in the schools, although much more
research 'needs to be done. The project will be suitably revised and updated
to include the developments in population education and redesign the project in
a more relevant fashion.
The revised and reconceptualised project while reviewing develop-
ments in population education vis-a-vis the school system will also focus more on
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1) population education vis-a-vis non-school youth particularly rural and back-
ward youth, for those on the threshold of marriage or about to get married
2) identifying new areas of research and act about the subject.
The overall idea would be to evolve and identify strategy for population
education, both conceptually and operationally. As part of the overal1 excercise
it would identify a possible role for the Foundation. Also it will take note of
the existing programme of the Foundation in the area and see how they can be
improved and strengthened and expanded.
A new organization or institution will be identified.
(Earlier the International Institute of Population Studies, Bombay, undertook
the project.)
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IV. Studies, Surveys & Evaluation
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In 1972, the Foundation commissioned a status study on population
research in three areas-(l) Demography, (2) Behavioural Science and (3)
:biomedical Sciences. The reports, now in book form (three volumes), give the
then current status of research. But these did not cover management aspects of
population research, in good part because of lack of literature and evel'
interest in it at the time. So a new study dealing with developments in popula-
tion research vis-a-vis management was commissioned in November 1916. It
was felt that a status study on management aspects of population research would
enable in understanding the status of population research in India more fully.
Also this would be the fourth volume in the series, thus completing the whole
gamut of population research in the country.
The study will be a survey of management literature having a bearing on popu-
lation and family planning. The report had been unduly delayed because of
the staff change!, in the institution including two of the authors involved in
this single study leaving the institution. The report is now ready in a prelimi-
nary form. The work on it is being expedited. Professor Satia has returned to
the institution and with his coming, the manuscript is expected to be ready in
April 1981.
In June 1918 when the draft of the Plan document for 1918-83 became available
for public discussion, the Family Planning Foundation constituted an inter-
disciplinary expert group to study the document. This examination in depth
was to yield concrete recommendations for a strengthening of the planning
process and implementation of the plan to achieve popUlation goals. A report
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of the deliberations and the recommendations arrived at by this Study Group
which was chaired by Dr Malcolm S Adiseshaiah was expeditiously published
and presented to the Prime Minister. Subsequently, it was widely distributed to
Parliamentarians, legislators and other key decision-makers. The report was
also used to spark a lively debate within the national media TV, Radio and the
press. While many more factors undoubtedly combined to bring about a change
in government thinking, it would not be wrong for the Foundation to claim that
this exercise contributed in some measure to the rethinking within the Planning
Commission leading to a chapter on Population Policy and Outlook being
included in the final document.
With the publication of the Sixth Five Year Plan it was felt that a similar
exercise would be of use once again.
The exercise has been envisaged in two stages. At the first stage to bring
together some of the best brains in the country to provide a framework for
development of specific action programmes using the systems and the schemes
spelt qut in the plan document, ill such a way as to secure the maximum
advantage to the family planning cause. At the second stage, to constitute
several smaller task forces who could work out meaningful and workable
strategies, project ideas and programme for specific organisations and target
groups in both governmental and non-governmental sectors. The basic objective
of the Foundation in taking up this exercise is to galvanise the nation at all
critical levels into making the Sixth Plan an instrument for achieving essential
population goals.
An inter-disciplinary Study Group comprising of the following persons met for
one day to review the Plan document in March.
1. Dr Malcolm S Adiseshaiah
7. Dr Nayudamma
2. Mr T A Pai
8. Dr B S Minhas
3. Dr V Ramalingawami
9. Dr Raj Arole
4. Mr B G Varghese
10. Dr Banno Coyaji
5. Prof P B Desai
11. Dr Munis Raza
6. Dr Madhuri Shah
The group appointed two task forces under the leadership of Dr P B Desai
and Dr Tapas Mazumdar to prepare detailed working papers, on the basis of
the discussion alongside other follow-up meetings. In the light of the census
results which have raised some critical questions regarding the Sixth Plan goals
and strategies more detailed work is needed now for meaningful suggestions
for action to emerge. The task forces are expected to meet in May and discuss,
the working papers.
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The project proposal intends to study people's participation in family planning
in India. The problems of population control in India is beset with both demand
and supply. The supply side has so far not received adequate attention both from
programme and policy points of view. One of the crucial elements in streng-
thening the supply aspect of family planning services is to involve the people
in the process. Tt.e project, therefore, envisages the study of people's participa-
tion in family planning, based on existing experiences, especially the experiment-
al ones which have met with certain amount of success. The study will include
how people participate, what are the institutional, formal and informal
structures and processes of participation, and what are the policy implications
of people's participation, both in terms of programme and administrative
effort, in family planning effort. The study specifically involves the examination
of a series of successful cases of people's participation through different organi-
zational instruments at the State, district and village levels. The focus of the
study will be organizational dynamics in each case.
The project was sanctioned in July 1980 and has made satisfactory progress in
that all the project areas have been identified-Jamkhed (Maharashtra), Gandhi-
gram (Tamil Nadu), Panchayats in Madhya Pradesh, etc., and also interaction
with various organisations has been completed. Work has already begun in
Madhya Pradesh.
Research Utilisation in Population and Family Planning
(Research Implications for Policy and Programme)
While there has been, over the years, in India an increase in population research,
so far no serious study has been made to identify and understand the extent
and nature of 'usage of available research. Not much is known about its effecti-
veness and relevance. The Foundation, therefore, thought it necessary to
commission a study of this kind. The Foundation approached the Centre for
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Policy Research for undertaking tesearch on the subject. The overall thrust of
the project is three-fold:
1) make an assessment of existing research coverage on the various demensions
of family planning;
2) identify specific ways and methods of effective interface between research
and population policy making and implementation; and
3) the institutional framework and processes for bringing about this interface.
The project was sanctioned in July 1980. The work has made satisfactory
progress. Preliminary report has been received by the Foundation, which is
being examined by technical experts. It is hoped that the report will be pub-
lished in about two months and steps will also be taken thereafter for suitable
dissemination.
Title
~
Title
The two proiects are reported jointly because of a conceptual approach common
to both the projects with common Directors. The first project was originally
supported as a study in historical context and its implication for programmes.
The second study was in relation to many difficulties that the country went
through in the recent past vis-a-vis family planning. Since the two were very
closely related, particularly in their operational aspects, the projects were
reconceptualised within a common framework. The first project was assigned
to the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) and the second
one to the Council for Social Development (CSO). With regard to the second
project, a special committee was constituted to help in the designing of the
project, with the help of Prof Rajni Kothari, Prof P B Desai, Dr Pai Panandiker
and Dr Prodipto Roy. Initial research for the second project was directed by
Dr Prodipto Roy but later on, for administrative reasons, it was assigned to
CSDS. Since Dr Ali Baqur was directing the first project, it was decided, in
consultation with CSD and CSOS, to transfer the project to CSOS under the
directorship of Dr Ali Baqur.
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1. Stud..vof the Family Planning Implementation Programme
The study was assigned to the Council for Social Development to be undertaken
in collaboration with the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies. For
administrative reasons the project was subsequently transferred to the Centre
for the Study of Developing Societies. The final report on its methodology and
findin.gs'is being prepared by the Centre and will be available shortly.
The study was carried out in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
and Uttar Pradesh. Three districts in each of the States were included in the
study. Two separate but matching questionnaires were addressed to the pro-
viders and conSumers of family planning services. A total of 670 interviews
were conducted with officials representing State, District and PHC levels as well
as the medical and non-medical professions. A total of 1920 interviews with
men and women on Target Couple Registers were carried out. Half of these
had been sterilised and the other half had at least three or more living children
at the time of the interview.
Approximately 150 officials drawn from all appropriate professions and
belonging to all administrative hierarchies in the three States were involved in
this exercise. Some remained very active throughout the project. All partici-
pants gave advice on most matters relating to research from the initial stage
of study design to its final stage of report writing. The Foreword to the report
has been collectively written by the three State Family Welfare Officers.
Most social scientists are criticised, and perhaps justifiably, for not giving
any feedback to those with whose help they gathered information and collect
vast amount of data. In this project a series of meetings were held at the
PHC. 'District, State and Inter-State levels. The participants were supplied with
the data collected during the field-work of this project and were invited to give
their own interpretation. The final report reflects the comments, suggestions
and recommendations made by the participants.
2. Project on Population Policies in India
A numbetof scholarly and sophisticated studies on many aspects of population
have been undertaken in the last 25 years. Even a quick review of these
provides important insights on the impact governmental programmes have on
the public and their attitudes, values and behaviour. Yet very little is known
by way of systematic analysis of the relationship between the evolution of
government policy on population and the trends in population growth.
'In developing countries the initiative for change often comes from the
government. It, therefore, becomes crucial for scholars in the developing COUll-
tries to knowhow policies from vague intentions to clear decisions are made
and how they are then executed in the field, what feedback are received by the
policy makers, how they improve their relevance and efficiency.
The work on the first two stages has been completed. The good-will and
cooperation of all relevant agencies in the States of Karnataka and Kerala
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had been enlisted to carry out the third phase. Since the Project Director was
also responsible for guiding the study of the Family Planning Implementation
Programme, he modified the design of the third phase'to take advantage of the
experience of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. The new
strategy intended to engage two officials each from the three States to work in
Karnataka and Kerala for 2-3 months to complete the third and final phase
of the project on population policies in India. The officials from Andhra
Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh who have got "trained" in partici-
pative method of analysis of problems would help their counterparts from
Karnataka and Kerala to search for the answers to the questions raised in the
position paper. The two reports riue by end of 1980. The first project was
sanctioned in July 1975 and the latter in November 1977. The work on these is
being expedited.
R's 2,70,000 (sanctioned in July 1975).
Rs 2, 58,800 (sanctioned November 1977)
Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (Earlier the Council of Social
Development was also involved, in Project No. 42.)
This project came up as a result of interaction between the Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and Family Planning
Foundation, for bringing out a Monograph on the Population of India. This
is to be prepared on the basis of a general design for all the countries in the
region. The Executive Director discussed the general approach of the project
in October 1976 with the ESCAP. The study got under way in June 1978.
The project is being funded by the Foundation and the ESCAP. Later Indian
Association for the Study of Population (IASP) was invited to collaborate in
the project.
The Family Planning Foundation convened a meeting of all the chapter
writers and had a detailed discussion on the outline and content of each chapter.
The ESCAP entered into a contract with the individual authors for writing the
various chapters.
It was decided to hold the next meeting of the Steering Committee and the
Editorial Committee towards the end of February 1981 and the final meeting
in June-July 1981 preferably in Bangkok so as to get the full help of the Secre-
tariat at Bangkok. It was also decided .that the final manuscript should be
ready for sending to the press in July 1981. It would include an Epilogue
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containing the analysis of the 1981 Census data. The published version should
be ready early in 1982 for distribution at the Third Asian Population Confer-
ence to be held at Colombo in December 1982.
All the chapters have heen completed by the respective authors. ESCAP is
currently editing the chapters. After these are reviewed by the Foundation and
the IASP, the ESCAP would take necessary steps to get these published as an
UN document.
The project is a collaborative effort of the Family Planning Foundation, ESCAP
and the Indian Association for the Study of Population (IASP).
Motivation for Planned Parenthood: A Preliminary Study of Muslim Families
in a city
Research on family planning in India has been characterised by a series of
theoretical and methodological assumptions which can be clearly identified:
a) People will take to family planning willingly if the technical know-how and
contraceptive technology required for birth control are rendered available to
them, b) People's reluctance to take to family planning or birth control is a
product of their irrationality and lack of knowledge and awareness about the
advantage of accepting a small family norm, c) Attitude and values, parti-
cularly religious values, are a critical determinant of whether or not people take
to family planning or birth control measures, and d) Family planning behaviour
can be explored adequately satisfactorily focussing research on the individual,
or at best the couple, as the unit of data collection and analysis. These assump-
tions constitute a closely interconnected sequence whereupon an effort was
undertaken to provide followers of certain religious communities whose values
were believed to be opposed to family planning with a reinterpretation of their
faith so as to show that their religion in fact sanctioned family planning and
birth control.
This study was conceived against the background of these assumptions and
the effort to propagate family planning among Muslims by offering them a new
interpretation of their faith as sanctioning family planning. It was felt that very
little was actually known about family planning among Muslims and an attempt
to study the question in a systematic fashion was called for.
The primary objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the family
planning behaviour of the selected families so that certain generalizations re-
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garding Muslim attitudes to family planning and their family planning behavi-
our could be generated. Second, the study started with the assumption that
within Indian society the individual as well as the couple was embedded within
the framework of the family so that a systematic understanding of his family
planning behaviour could not be had by reference to his own attitudes and
values.
The data as visualised has been collected and processed. Of the six envisaged, five
have been completed. The work on the last is under progress. The project was
sanctioned in June 1976. The completed report, in the form of a monograph,
is expected to be completed by the middle of 1981.
There are few studies on the family organisation among the matrilineal groups
of North-East India, especially on their social demography. A detailed study of
this would contribute greatly to our knowledge and understandings of their
special problems. This would be of interest not only to academicians but also
to policy makers iucluding those of family planning. Several scholars have
stressed the need for the family planning programme to employ a more regional
approach, taking into consideration the vastly different situation in different
parts of the country.
Keeping this view in mind, the Foundation interacted with the North-
Eastern Hill University to explore the possibilities of that University, playing a
more meaningful role in the population field. The present research project is an
outcome of these discussions.
Much of the data have been gathered but the serious illness of the Project
Director has caused a long delay. Also he has moved to the Central University
of Hyderabad, A.P. As things stand, he may have to shift the project to
Hyderabad. Correspondence is now going with the Vice-Chancellor of NERU
in this matter. The project was sanctioned in November 1977 and operationali-
zed in 1978.
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Population and the legal framework interact ill a given society and sometimes
demographic factors may even have a conditioning effect on law. This is also a
likelihood of legislative measures having unintended consequences since social
legislation may often have an indirect effect on population parameters. It was,
therefore, felt necessary to survey and analyse the existing legal framework,
Central as well as State, statutory as well as administrative, having a real or
imaginary bearing on population policy. The Foundation, therefore, sanctioned
a project to the Institute for Constitutional and Parlia.mentary Studies to exa-
mine some of these factors.
The objective of the study inter alia was to make a survey and analyse the
existing framework of law having a direct or indirect bearing on population
policy and evaluate the existing legal framework with reference to the
explicitly stated aims of legislation and also analyse and identify the intended
as well as unintended consequences of the existing legal framework.
This project which was ope rationalized in 1974 has been inordinately delayed
as there was a change in Project Director and the report submitted was not
found entirely satisfactory by the referees of the Foundation. The project
was reactivated in 1980.
The Foundation has identified a suitable person to revise the study and
also to update it as there have been several new relevant developments since the
study was first undertaken. An additional grant of Rs 10,000 has been sanctioned
for this project.
Rs 62,500 (sanctioned in February 1973)
+Rs 10,000 (sanctioned October 1979)
The International Women's Decade provided to the Foundation impacts for
seeking meaningful research in Women, Population and Development. For
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family planning to succeed, it is necessary that the energies of women in general
and of women who are actively participating in the economic and social life
of the country are suitably organised and mobilised.
The project seeks to discuss the problem of women's status as related to
population phenomena, in depth and to suggest ways and ideas to bring
women into the mainstream of national life, and the necessary organisational
structures for the same. The over all objective of the project is to help improve
the status of women and to bring them into the mainstream of the country's
economic and social developments activities and consequently to support the
national (family welfare) programme. The work involves preparation of case
study of women in organizational work situations followed by a seminar. The
participants and invitees to the seminar are expected to be drawn from the
organised sector, professional association, especially of women.
A panel drawn from among the participants would finalise the recom-
mendations for policy and action purposes.
Dr Sastry of the Gandhigram Institute has completed a survey of women in
urban and rural areas. The data collected are being analysed for the prepara-
tion of a monograph for publication and also a background paper on the Status
of Women and Fertility for use in the Siminar.
The Seminar is expected to be calledjn September/October 1981.
Developing Population Programme for North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU),
Shillong.
The Foundation in its efforts to create relevant kind of regional approaches in
understanding the population problem has been interacting with the North-
Eastern Hill University (NEHU) for sometime now with a view to bring about
serious interest in population of a relevant kind in that region.
The Foundation felt that if the resources of the University and research
institutions of the area are tapped properly, they could playa. meaningful
role in the furtherance of the population programme. The previous Vice-
Chancellor of the NEHU University had expressed his willingness to undertake
a project to evolve suitable population research strategy for this sensitive
geographical area. The matter, however, could not be pursued for same time
due to the retirement of the previous Vice-Chancellor.
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the idea of collaboration between the Foundation and NEHU favourably. He
has, however, suggested that when the uneasy situation in the region improves,
the project can be activised. He felt that from a long-term point of view, the uni-
versities in that part of the country should take the lead in developing appro-
priateresearch studies that relate population, development and resources.
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V. Family Planning in the Organised Sector
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The study has been completed and published in 1975 under the joint authorship
of Prof eNS Nambudiri and Prof B R Sharma, both (at the time of the project
period) of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. It was commis-
sioned in 1972 and published in 1975.
After critically examining 50 industries representative of the various kinds
and categories of industries in the country in terms of their administrative,
organisational and other aspects, it identified a special strategy for family
planning for the industrial sector, within the existing programmes and policy
of the Government. Based on this study, a seminar was to be organised. Since
the Government of India itself was organising a seminar on the subject, the
Institute was asked to prepare a ba,sic pap'er for the purpose. The idea of
seminar, therefore, was not pursued.
The study entitled "Strategy for Family Planning in th~ Industrial Sector" has
been published. It has been well received. The suggested strategy is formulat-
ed within the Governmental policy and financial allocation with the industrial
sector not only playing a role for its own industrial population but also for
the community. The area approach is strengthened by viewing it as being
enmeshed with the community of a mutually dependent kind. The six case
studies have been received and are now being reviewed for possible dissemina-
tion of a suitable kind. With this the project would be completed.
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VI. Marketing, Management & Administration
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Demonstration Project in Community Based Distribution (CBD) of Contracep-
tive and Community Based Surgical Services (CBS).
The project is a result of interaction between the Kasturba Medical College
Hospital (KMCH) and Family Planning Foundation (FPF). The overall thrust
of the project is to bring to the family planning effort the strength and genius of
management and marketing approach. It aims at creating a self-sustaining
system for providing oral contraception to eligible women at risk through
com1Uunity based distribution of oral contraceptive pills, and also making avail-
able to them family planning surgical services of menstrual regulation (MR)
and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) through the proper training of
locally available medical doctors.
A. Community Based Distribution of Oral Contraceptives (CBD)
Distribution centres are proposed to be established in the District, each distri-
bution centre to be managed by a suitably trained Distributor, who will be a
mature woman belonging to the local community. Supervisors recruited from the
community, after undergoing training, will supervise the functioning of Distri-
butors. For each month's supply of contraceptive pills, the acceptor will pay
service charges of Rs I, out of which a portion will be kept by the ;Distributor
as her incentive money, and the remaining reimbursed to the central office,
which money, when the project is in full swing after about 3 years, will be
sufficient to provide for the services of the administrative set-up including
Supervisors.
B. Community Based Family Planning Surgical Services (CBS)
This is essentially an extension of the CBD project in as much as it will provide
termination of pregnancy through surgery to women desiring it, especially in
cases where oral contraception has failed. These will be undertaken only by
those qualified doctors who have been suitably trained for this purpose (as per
MTP Act).
The Foundation initially provided a planning grant of Rs 30,000 which helped
the development of the project design.
The project was approved by the Foundation to be carried out in one third
of the District of South Canara, on the lines as indicated above.
.
However, for authorising Community Based Distributors (non para-medi-
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cals) to distribute oral contraceptive pills, Government's permission is required,
which is awaited. In the meantime, it was decided that the distribution of pills
can initially be taken up through locally available doctors and other registered
medical practitioners (RMPs), and the ANMs attached to the Health Sub-
centres of KMCH, who already have such an authorisation for distribution from
the Government.
The MR and MTP services will also be provided by suitably trained doctors
(as per MTP Act).
Th~ project has been put into operation with effect from April 1, 1981.
Total Rs 30,000 (planning grant sanctioned in January 1979)
+ Rs 4,50,000 (sanctioned in October 1980)
Viewed in broad historical terms, Primary Health Centres in India were originally
created primarily to provide curative medical service, but an attempt was made
to make their functions gradually more comprehensive in terms of meeting the
health needs of the people. The project involves carrying out an in-depth study
of the two types of Primary Health Centres operating in Karnataka, through
field survey, analysis of secondary data and interviews, and the study of differ-
ence in terms of their effectiveness within a historical framework and their
implications for family planning for organisation and management. As part of
this, it envisages also the study of the attitudes of the staff, organisational
cohesion, management capacity of the Doctor-in-charge, external influences and
the cost of infrastructure.
The project was first undertaken by Dr N V R Ram, while in progress, he
left the institute. Thereafter Dr Ashok Sahani was assigned the project by the
institute in 1976. The project has been inordinately delayed causing some
embarassment. The matter has been taken up at the highest levels.
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VII. ConferencesfSeminarsfW orkshops
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Health care for the village people of India has improved steadily since 1947.
An infrastructure of health centres and subcentres has been progressively ex-
panded, so that each Community Development Block now has the framework to
support primary health care.
One of the early attempts to relate health needs to resources, and design
innovative health care reaching down to the village level, was carried out by the
Rural Health Research Centre at Narangwal in the Punjab. Among many
studies, two were conducted on what were identified as the greatest health pro-
blems of villages, i.e. the need for family planning integrated in health c~re and
the synergism between malnutrition and infection in weaning age children. The
field work for these was carried out between 1969 and 1974.
The findings of these studies have recently been published in the form of
following two monographs:
i) Integration of Family Planning and Health Services-The Narangwal
Experience
ii) Malnutrition, Infection, Growth and Development-The Narangwal
Experience.
It is proposed to hold a Workshop to critically review these two monographs
with a view to making relevant suggestions for primary health care in the
country. The Workshop will also correlate the observations made by the
Narangwal study with the experience gained from other recently conducted
successful experiments in the country.
The Foundation approved the holding of the Workshop jointly with the Indian
Council of Medical Research. Approval ofthe Government of India for holding
the Workshop is awaited.
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List of Completed/Closed Projects
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Sr. Title of the Project
No.
List of Completed /
Amount
Sanctioned
1. Family Planning through Village Level Workers.
2. Developing Effective Meternal and Child Health
Services in Rural Areas in India.
3. Integrating Family Planning and Health Care through
Community Welfare Centre for Women and Children.
4. Research in the Methodology of Health Delivery.
5,000
36,000
6. Total Health Care including Family Planning through
a Voluntary Hospital.
7. Initiating a Programme of Integrated Health and
Maximising Participation of Voluntary Organisations.
8. Action Research Project on Community Action for
a Programme of Integrated Health and Family
Planning.
1,39,000
(plus 45,000 for
consultancy services)
9. Biomedical Study Group.
10. Mechanism of Action of Some Anti-fertility Agents on
the Contractility of the Fellopian Tube.
11. Prostaglandin Involvement in the Regulation of Male
. and Female Fertility.
12. Studies on Certain Immunological Aspects of Repro-
duction.
45,000
50,000
13. Study group on Sixth Five-Year Plan (with specific
focus on reviewing the population and Family Planning
Policy and Programme of the Plan).
14. Film on Population and Family Planning with Focus
on Women.
|
|
10.3 Page 93 |
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Closed Projects
Principal Investigator/
Project Director
Dr Sanjit Roy
Dr Vijay Kumar
Late Mrs Mary Clubwala,
Dr T Janardhanan and
Dr Rajasekharan
Dr Tarun Banerjee
Social Work and Research Centre, Tilonia.
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh.
Princess Esin Women's Educational Centre,
Hyderabad
Medical Department of the Churches of South India,
Kerala.
Guild of Services, Madras.
Dr BK Anand
Dr S K Guha
Dr Chander Parkash and
Dr Ranjit Roy Choudhury
Commissioned by FPF.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, Calcutta; and
Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh.
Task Group under
Dr Malcolm S Adiseshiah
|
|
10.4 Page 94 |
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Sr
No. ritle of the Project
15. Family Planning Communication for Young Rural
Married Couples.
16. Communication for Social Marketing: A Methodology
for Developing Communication· Appeals for Family
Planning Programme.
17. Analytical Case Study of an Innovative Programme
in Population and Family Planning.
18. Publication of 'Demography India' a bi-annual journal.
19. Innovative Approach for the Creation of Demand and
- Promotion of Community Involvement and Participa-
tion in Family Welfare Planning Programme.
20. Functional Literacy and Family Life Planning Educ-
ation.
21. Population Education for Non-School Going Youths.
(AIPP).
22. Pilot Project on Training Rural Leaders in Population
and Development.
23. Publication of the Special Issues of Urdu and English
Quarterly Journals "Islam Aur Asri Jadid" and "Islam
and the Modern Age" with the Family Planning
Theme.
24. Publicity programmes for FPF.
25. Developing a programme of Research in Population
and Family Planning from a Sociological and Beha-
vioural Point of View with particular reference to
Urban, Tribal and Rural Communities.
26. Population Policy-2000 A.D.: A Study of the Relation-
ship between Population and Economic Development.
27. India's Population--Aspects of Quality and Control.
28. Status Study on Population Research in India (Three
Volumes).
29. A Diachronic Study of Changes in Contraceptive and
Fertility Behaviour in a Tamil Nadu Village and its
eight Harijan Hamlets during the decades 1956-76.
Amount
Sanctioned
..-
1,38~000
5,000
4,500
1,25,000
5,000
1,500
1,55,000
1,00,000
5,000
6,57,072
70,658
70,000
|
|
10.5 Page 95 |
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Principal Investigator/
_Project Director
Mr R Jain and
Centre for Development of Instructional Technology
Mr A Srivastava
(CENDIT), New Delhi.
Dr Labdhi Pat Raj Bhandari Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
Prof P B Desai
Dr (Miss) Amita Bardhan
and Dr D C Dube
Indian Association for the Study of Population.
National Institute of Health and Family Welfare,
Munirka, New Delhi.
Prof K M Sharma and
MrD K Sharma
Prof S Abid Husain
Islam and Modern Age Society, Jamia Nagar, New
Delhi.
Dr M N Srinivas and
Dr E A Ramaswamy (Rural)
Dr A R Desai
Dr Roy Burman (Tribal)
Dr V A Pai Panandiker
Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi.
Dr Udai Pareek
Dr TV Rao,
Dr S P Jain and
Dr G P Talwar
Prof A Aiyappan
Commissioned by FPF.
Madras Institute of Development Studies, Madras.
|
|
10.6 Page 96 |
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Sl.
No.
30. An Across the Board Survey of UNICEF's Involvement
in Population Activities in India.
31. Evaluation of Gujarat State Massive Vasectomy
Campaign.
32. Population Education for University Students.
33. Determinants of Fertility Change in Tamil Nadu.
34. Analysis of Secondary data to determine Wastage of
Children.
35. Study of the Implications of Incentives and Disincen-
tives in Family Planning.
36. Family Planning Inn~)Vation in India: An anthropologi-
cal study.
37. Projects in connection with World Population Year.
(i) Publications
(ii) ConferencesjS'eminars
38. Population and Poverty in the Indian Slums.
39. Status Study of the Family Planning component in the
Urban Community Development (UCD) and other
. implications for Family Planning Programme in India.
40. Survey of Family Planning Education in the Schools of
Social Work of India.
41. Organisation for Change: A System Analysis of Family
Planning in Rural India Publication Grant.
42. Study of Natural Family Planning methods.
43. Sex Differential in Parential Attitudes towards Female
Children as indicated through Child Rearing Practices.
44. Publication of a journal of .the Family Planning Activi-
ties of the Christian Medical Association of India
(CMAI).
45. Establishing a Mechanical Tabulation Research Cell
for Family Planning Programme of the Christian
Medical Association of India, Bangalore.
46. The Correlates of Muslim Fertility in the Urban Setting:
A Case Study of Kanpur City (Publication Grant).
47. Population and Women: A Programme based for the
International Women's Decade.
48. Evaluation of the Work of FPF.
Amount
Sanctioned
71,000
91,250
80,000
17,125
28,000
10,000
|
|
10.7 Page 97 |
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Principal Investigator(
Project Director
Dr K D Gangrade
Dr L Ramachandran
Delhi School of Social Work, New Delhi.
Municipal Corporation, Madras and Gandhigram
Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust,
Madurai.
Council for Social Development, New Delhi.
Prof J C Kavoori
Prof J C Kavoori
Family Planning Foundation.
Family Planning Foundation.
Dr Amritananda Das &
Prof Sugata Das Gupta
Mrs Tara Ali Baig
Col P N Luthra
IAS (Retd.)
Mr Justice G D Khosla
|
|
10.8 Page 98 |
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Sf. Title of the
No. Project
Amount
Sanctioned
50. Comprehensive Labour 'Yelfare Scheme (including No
Birth Bonus Scheme).'
.
51. Action Oriented Innovative Projects for Developing
.Models in the Organised Industries.
53. Organisation of Simultaneous Eye~cum-Family Plan-
ning Camps and a Study of their Mutual Impact.
54. Integrated Family Planning Services at the Pearl
Clinic-A Case Study.
55. A Programme o'f Revh'ing and Revitalising Voluntary
Sterilization in three States-Demonstration Project.
56. Establishing a Private Outpatient Fertility Control
Clinic in a Rural Area.
57. National Conference of Voluntary Organisations for
Evolving a Strategy of Participation in Family Plan-
ning.
58. Symposium "Population Strategies in Asia, Comparing
National Experience."
59. XXVI International Congress of Physiological
Sciences.
60. Symposium on "Recent Advances in Contraceptive
Technology".
61. Symposium on Neuroendocrine Regulation of Fertility.
62. Symposium on Chemistry, Biology and Immunology of
Gonedotropins.
63. Symposi'lm on Regulation of Growth and Differentiat-
ed Function in Eukaroyote Cells.
64. Vth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids.
69,000
35,000
5,000
20,000
20,000
|
|
10.9 Page 99 |
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Principal Investigator!
Project Director
Mr VI Chacko
Dr (Miss) A George
Mr B R Deolalikar
Council for Social Development; Hislop College,
Nagpur; Christian Medical Association ofIndia; and
School of Social Work (M.S. University of Baroda)
United Planters Association of South India (UPASJ).
Mr T V Anthony
Dr L Ramachandran
Dr R P Goyal
Round Tables, Madras, and the Madras Municipal
Corporation and GIRH & FW Trust, Madurai.' •
State Bank of India Employees, FPF and Lok
Kalyan Samiti, Badarpur.
DrPai's Family Hospital, Bombay.
Dr T C Anand Kumar
Prof N R Moudgal
AIIMS
AIIMS
|
|
10.10 Page 100 |
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Sr. Name of the Project
No.
65. An International Symposium on Recent Advances in
Reproduction and Fertility Control.
66. Symposium on "Non-Human Primates in Biomedical
Research" .
67. VII Congress of the International Primatological
Society.
68. Winter School on Neurophysiological and Neuro-
chemical Correlates' of Behaviour and International
Symposium on Aggresive Behaviour.
69. International Symposium and Workshop in Bio-medical
Engineering.
70. Hnd Conference of the Federation of Indian Societies
of Endocrinology.
71. X"eIII Annual Conference of the Association of Physio-
logists and Pharmacologists in India.
72. Xth Convention of the Indian College of Allergy and
Applied Technology.
73. Dr. B C Roy Memorial Lecture.
74. Workshop on Family Planning Propagation Strategy
for Medical Practitioners (IMA).
75. National Seminar on Physician and Population
Change.
76. XXV Annual Conference of the Association of Physio-
logists of India.
77. Workshop on "Developing Integrated Material on
Family Planning Education.
78. Seminar on Sex Education.
79. The Third Annual Conference of the Indian Assoiation
for the Study of Population.
80. Task Force on Indian Youth Population Coalition
(IYPC).
81. Seminar of Key Decision-Makers in the Sarvodaya
Movement in India and Zonal Seminars for Grassroot
Level Sarvodaya Workers.
82. Seminar and Summer Institute in Family Planning for
Social Work Education.
83. Involvement of Private Medical Practitioners in the
National Family Programme.
Amount
Sanctioned
5,000
15,000
10,000
50,000
|
|
11 Pages 101-110 |
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|
|
11.1 Page 101 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director
Dr N R Moudgal and
Dr T C Anand Kumar
Dr S K Manchanda
Mrs Tara Ali Baig
Dr P B Desai
Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
Madras.
The Indian College of Allergy and Applied Immuno-
logy.
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research, Chandigarh.
Indian Medical Association, New Delhi.
Indian Association for the Advancement of Medical
Education, New Delhi.
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi.
Indian Council of Child Welfare, New Delhi.
The Indian Association for the Study of Population,
Delhi.
Indian Youth Population Coalition (IYPC).
Dr K N George and
Dr S HPathak
Dr P C BhatIa
|
|
11.2 Page 102 |
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SI. Title of the
No. Project
84. Asian Conference on Family as a Unit of Welfare in
NatiQnal Planning.
85. National Conference on Populatio::1 Dynamics and
\\ Rural Development.
.A,l;nount
Sanctioned
|
|
11.3 Page 103 |
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|
|
11.4 Page 104 |
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Accounts
|
|
11.5 Page 105 |
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A F FERGUSON & CO
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
Scindia House, Kasturba Gandhi Marg
Post Box No. 24, New Delhi
We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of the Family Planning Foundation as
on December 31, 1980 and the Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended
on that date with the book ••and records submitted to us and have found them in
accordance therewith.
We have obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of cur
knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit and, in our
opinion, the Balance Sheet and the Income and Expenditure Account set forth a true
and fair view of the state of affairs of the Foundation as on December 31, 1980 and
of the excess of Income over Expenditure for the year then ended respectively,
according to the best of our information and explanations given to us and as per the
books and records submitted to us.
A F Ferguson & Co.
Chartered Accountants
|
|
11.6 Page 106 |
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Previouy Year
Rs
1,24,04,534
1,88,591
1,25,93,125
55,99,978
13,24,280
56,68,867
24,20,986
3,79,048
84,68,901
6,200
3,79,048
3,79,048
LIABILlTmS
Society Fund
Grants and Donations
as on December 31, 1979
Add; Received during
1980
Less: Disbursements
Upto Dec. 31, 1979
During 1980
Rs
69,24,258
13,93,322
Surplus Fund
Balance as on Dec, 31,1979
Add; Amount transfered
during the year
28,00,034
14,41,161
Sundry Creditors
Income and Expenditure Account
Excess of Income over
expenditur.:: for the year
as per annexed income
and expenditure account.
Less: Transferred to
Society's surplus fund
account.
BALANCE SHEET
Rs
Rs
1,25,93,125
1,11,40,760
2,37,33,885
83,17,580
1,54,16,305
42,41,195
14,41,161
1,96,57,500
7,700
14,41,161
Note: Grants
The entire actual disbursements have been shown as grants and deducted from the total grants
donations received although audited accounts from grantees for Rs 18,75,713 (Previous year
Rs 13,10,449) have yet to be received,
|
|
11.7 Page 107 |
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AS ON DECEMBER 31,1980
Previous Year
Rs
79,900
35,00,000
14,00,000
10,00,000
7,00,000
5,00,000
8,00,000
79,00,000
2,90,516
500
3,400
3,165
1,000
6,000
827
1,79,417
6,400
3,976
ASSETS
Fixed Assets
(As per schedule annexed)
Investments
Fixed Deposits with:
Delhi Cloth & Gen. Mills Co Ltd
Mahindra Ugine Steel Co Ltd
Nirlon Synthetic Fibres & Chemicals
Sassoon J David & Co Ltd
Mafatlal Fine Spng. & Mfg Co
Voltas Ltd
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd
Indian Dyestuff Industries Ltd
Ingersoll Rand (I) Ltd
Excel Industries Ltd
Ahmedabad Advance Mills Ltd
Tata Finlay Ltd
Shriram Fibres Ltd
National Machinery Mfg Ltd
SJ:ecial Steels Ltd
Investment Corporation of India
Mahindra Spicers Ltd
Tata Oil Mills Co Ltd
Kelvinator of India Ltd
Goetze (India) Ltd
Interest Accrued
Security Deposit For Petrol
Advances
Executive Director
Other Staff
Delhi Gymkhana Club Ltd
Executive Director's residential
rent deposit for:i months
Cash and Bank Balances
Cash in hand .
On Savings Bank Account
With Indian Overseas Bank
With Citibank
With Central Bank of India
84,75,101
New Deihl
As per our report of even date attached.
Chartered Accountants
Rs
35,00,000
15,00,000
14,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
10,00,000
8,00,000
7,00,000
7,00,000
6,00,000
6,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
4,00,000
2,200
1,670
1,000
6,000
127
1,58,526
31,566
4,178
Rs
69,467
1,87,00,000
6,89,966
500
10,870
1,94,397
1,96,65,200
|
|
11.8 Page 108 |
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Previous
Year
1,59,871
12,575
3,773
590
300
15,817
1,092
788
11,918
66,000
10,240
48,072
47,788
31,694
23,008
13,391
17,702
14,606
3,289
10,125
57,482
10,079
13,102
10,653
17,727
3,394
2,000
Salaries and Allowances
Salaries
Dearness Allowance
City Compensatory Allowance
Washing and other Allowances
Secretarial Assistance
Contributory Provident and Family
Fund
Deposit linked Insurance Scheme
Gratuity
Medical Expenses
Leave Travel Concession
Honorarium and Consultant Fee
Pension
Rent
Office Accommodation
Composition Fee
Residential Accommodation (3 Directors)-
Net after adjusting a recovery of Rs 3,800
from the Executive Director (Previous Year
Rs 3,600)
House Rent Subsidy (Staff)
Travel Expenses
Executive Director
Other Staff
Consultants
Conveyance Expenses
Maintenance of Executive Director's Car
including Rs 372 Insurance-Previous
Year
Rs 388
Repairs and Maintenance
Office
Residence
Electricity and Water
Postage, Telegrams and Telephones
Library (Books and Periodicals)
Printing and Stationery
Printing and Publications
Meetings, Entertainments and Staff Welfare
Expenses
General Expenses
Audit Fee
1,69,559
15,591
3,727
1,652
66,000
7,680
49,848
1,90,529
3,399
17,601
1,214
1,450
12,350
12,709
12,960
23,883
23,339
36,272
83,494
16,710
19,059
14,000
4,445
18,445
13,753
51,679
13,301
22,243
9,985
23,197
5,989
2,500
|
|
11.9 Page 109 |
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Previous
Year
10,19,600
7,547
Interest
On Fixed Deposits
On Saving Bank Accounts
21,12,643
14,416
|
|
11.10 Page 110 |
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Previous
Year
12,910
3,79,048
Depreciation
Excess of Income over Expenditure for the
year carried over to Balance Sheet
Notes
1. The Executive Director's remuneration for the year amounted to Rs 69,807 (Previous
Year Rs 63,924). In addition he is provided with a Car and Driver by the Foundation
for official and personal uses, and a recovery of Rs 150 per month is being made for
personal use.
2. All grants received/disbursed during the year are reflected in the Balance Sheet-See
note on Balance Sheet.
|
|
12 Pages 111-120 |
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|
|
12.1 Page 111 |
▲back to top |
Previous
Year
NEW DELHI
As per our report even date attached.
CHARTED ACCOUNTANTS
|
|
12.2 Page 112 |
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CHSEDULE OF FIXED ASSETS ANNEXED TO AND FORMING PART OF THE BALANCE SHEET AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 1980
Particulars
As at
1,1.1980
COST
Additions Sales Total
during the Adjust- as on
year ment 31.12.80
during
the year
Up to
1.1.1980
DEPRECIATION
On Sales
during
the ,ear
For the
year
Written Down Value
Total As on
upto 31.12.80
31.12.80
As on
3U2.79
Motor Car
Furniture, Fixture and
.Equipment
TOTAL
Previous Year
15,174
1,07,604
1,22,778
1,00,640
734
734
22,138
15,174
1,08,338
1,23,512
1,22,778
3,440
39,438
42,878
29,968
2,347
8,820
11,167
12,910
5,787
48,258
54,045
42,878
9,387
60,080
69,467
79,900
11,734
68,166
79,900
|
|
12.3 Page 113 |
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DONATIONS (SUMMARY)
(as on 31.12.1980)
Region
Bombay
Calcutta
Ahmmedabad
Delhi
Madras
Total (raised in India)
Ford Foundation Grant
(General)
Ford Foundation Grant
(Biomedical Programme)
Total
Upto
31.12.1978
Rs
60,22,600
9,77,100
5,76,000
4,01,532
3,39,500
83,16,732
24,13,033
16,74,769
1,24,04,534
During
1979
Rs
60,000
1,28,591
1,88,591
1,88,591
During
1980
Rs
33,65,190
16,15,000
5,10,000
54,542
1,06,500
56,51,232
54,89,528
i,l1,40,760
Total
Rs
93,87,790
25,92,100
11,46,000
5,84,665
4,46,000
1,41,56,555
79,02,561
16,74,769
2,37,33,885
|
|
12.4 Page 114 |
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
(Donations received during 1980)
BOMBAY REGION (33.65+6.30)
Tata Group of Industries (25.75+4.50)
'0. The Tata Iron and Steel Co Ltd
....--z-. TELCO
\\~. Tata Hydro Elec Power Supply Co Ltd
4. Sir Dorabji Tata Trust
S. The Indian Hotels Co Ltd
6. Sir Ratanji Tata Trust
7. The Ahmedabad Advance Mills Ltd
....g. Rallis India Ltd
.,/'9. Tata Oil Mil1s Co Ltd
10. Tata Finlay Ltd (Calcutta)
v-ll. Tata Chemicals Ltd
12. J R D Tata Trust
•...- 13. Voltas Ltd
14. The Indian Tube Co Ltd (Calcutta)
15. Volkart Foundation
16. The Svadeshi Mills Co Ltd
17. Tata Robins Fraser Ltd
18. Tata Yodagawa Ltd
19. Forbes Compbell & Co Ltd
20. Gokak Patel Volkart Ltd
21. IVP Limited
22. Goodlass Narolac Paints Ltd
23. Facit Asia Ltd (Madras)
vMr Yogindra N Mafatlal
1. Indian Dyestuff Industries Ltd
2. Mihir Textiles Ltd
3. Hoechst Dyes & Chemicals Ltd
5,00,000
5,00,000
2,00,000
2,00,000
2,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
25,000
25.000
25,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
15,000
15.000
vThe Associated Cement Co Ltd (Mr N A Palkhivala)
l/fhe Standard Mills (Mr Resesh N Mafatlal)
",·Larsen & Toubro Ltd (Mr N M Desai)
'_~ssociated Bearing Co Ltd (Mr Akbar Hydari)
;/Mahindra & Mahindra (Mr Keshub C Mahindra)
Kamani Eng Corporation Ltd (Mr N L Hingorani)
vCeat Tyres of India Ltd (lVlr P A Narielwala)
Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Co Ltd (Mr R P Aiyer)
yColour-Chem Ltd (Mr Dharamacy M Khatau)
Glaxo Laboratories (India) Ltd (Mr S Bhoothalingam)
Indian Organic Chemicals Ltd) (Mr B M Ghia)
The Baroda RayoTl Corporation Ltd Mr Fatesinghrao P Gaekwad»
J M Financial & Investment Consultancy Services (P) Ltd.
Receipts Promises
Rs
Rs
1,00,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
75,000
75,000
2,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
50,000
25,000
25,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
190
1,00,000
80,000
|
|
12.5 Page 115 |
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;' (><vc1
, .~'
It-,
{i,l
4c
"'~""~
::>
/-
CALCUTTA REGION (16.l5)
Birla Group of Industries (15.00)
1. National Engineering Industries Ltd
2. Orient Paper & Industries Ltd
3. General Mar\\(eting & Mfg Co Ltd
4. Hukumchand Jute Mills Lid
5. Gwalior Rayon Silk Mfg (Wvg) Co Ltd
6. Jiyajeerao Cotton Mills Ltd
1. Century Spg & Mfg Co Ltd
8. Hindustan Motors Ltd
9. Orient General Industries Ltd
10. PHani Investment Corporation Ltd
11. Mysore Cements Ltd
12. Birla Jute Mfg Co Ltd
13. Universal Cables Ltd
14. Kesoram Industries & Cotton Mills Ltd
15. Shree Digvijaya Woolen Mills Ltd
16. Indian Smelting & Refining Co Ltd
17. Upper Ganges Sugar Mills Ltd
18. Oudh Sugar Mills Ltd
19. Hindustan Welfare Trust
20. Sutlej Cotton Mills Ltd
21. Texmaco Limited
22. Gobind Sugar Mills Ltd
23. Hindustan Times Ltd
24. New India Sugar Mills Ltd
25. New Swadeshi Sugar Mills Ltd
;./
"I. Philips Carbon Black Ltd (Me K P Goenka)
I. 'Metal Box India Ltd (Mr P K NandaJ.-
Indian Oxygen Ltd (Mr K B Moore)
Brooke Bond India Ltd (Mr C S Samuel)
Guest Keen Williams Ltd (Mr S Ray)
Bishnauth Charitable Trust (Macneill & Magor Ltd)
Reckit & Colman of India (Mr R S Sikand)
Bata India Ltd (Mr D M Marchant)
Teribeni Tissues Ltd (Mr N G Chowdhury)
BIF
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
2,00,000
2,00,000
1,50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
DELHI REGION (0.55+5.00)
Delhi Cloth & General Mills Co Ltd (Dr Bharat Ram)
Dr D Ensminger
MADRAS REGION (1.07)
Shriram Fibres Ltd
Lakshmi Mills Co Ltd (Mr G K Devarajulu)
South India Shipping Corporation Ltd (Mr J H Tarapore)
CfF
Receipts
Rs
33,65,190
Promises
Rs
6,30,000
15,00,000
50,000
25,000
15,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
3,000
2,000
54,000
542
5,00,000
31,500
25,000
_ 25,000
51,41,232,
11,30,000
119
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12.6 Page 116 |
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AHMEDABAD REGiON (5.10)
Lalbbai Group (Late Mr Kasturbhai Lalbhai)
1. The Atul Products
2. Arvind Mills Ltd
3. The Aruna Mills Ltd
4. The Asoka Mills Ltd
5. The Raipur Mfg Co Ltd
6. The Nutan Mills Ltd
7. The Saraspur Mills Ltd
8. The Ahmedabad New Cotton Mills Co
9. The Anil Starch Products Ltd
The Ahmedabad Electricity Co Ltd (Mr R S Bhatt)
B/F
1,00,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
Total
Receipts
Rs
51,41,232
Promises
Rs
11,30,000
5,00.000
10,000
56,51,232 11,30,000
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12.7 Page 117 |
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SUMMARY-GRANTS SANCTIONED AND DISBURSED FOR THE YEAR 1980
Year of
Sanction
Original
ii
SANCTiONS
Additional
iii
Total
iv
DISBURSEMENTS
Upto
During
31.12.79
1980
v
vi
Total
vii
AMOUNT
Accounted To be account-
for
edfor
v..iii
ix
1973
22,75,568
5,95,000
28,70,568
25,35,626
3,309
25,38,938
24,48,061
90,874
1974
4,19,798
3,35,000
7,54,798
6,16,402
60,000
6,76,402
6,16,715
59,687
\\
1975
16,42,500
87,500
17,30,000
11,82,615
96,912
12,79,527
9,97,077
2,82,450
\\
1976
6,90,057
85,054
7,75,121
5,45,667
80,441
6.26,108
5,33,955
92,153
\\0
1977
1978
10,79,500
13,29,192
10,79,500
13,29,192
7,80,603
4,90,265
2,14,241
2,44,592
9,94,844
7,34.857
7,52,779
4,34,237
2,42,065
3,00,620
16,43',544
1,20,000
17,63,544
7,48,976
2,85,464
10,34,440
5,41,623
4,92,817
\\
\\ 1979
14,52,400
59,000·*
15,11,400
24,104
1,47,931
1,72,035
73,988
98,047
I
1980
21,77,800·
21,77,800
2,60,432
2,60,432
43,432
2,17,000
1,27,10,359
12,81,564
1,39,91,923
69,24,258
13,93,322
83,17,580
64,41,867
18,75,713
Note: Total grants sanctioned during the year 1980 amount to Rs 22,36,800 (Rs 21,77,800· shown above plus Rs 59,000** sanctioned
as additional grant for the ongoing project "Evolving an Effective Role for Grassroot Child Welfare Workers in Family
Planning in an Urban/Slum/Rural Area").
, td
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12.8 Page 118 |
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DETAILS OF FIXED DEPOSITS
(As on December 31, 1980)
Date of
Name of the Company
Amount
Deposit/
--~ - -----
1. Delhi Cloth and General
RI>
Renewal
- - ~-- -~--~
------
4,00,000
10.2.1979
Mills Co Ltd
2,00,000
10.2.1980
(Rs 35,00,000)
4,00,000
10.2.1980
20,00,000
10.8.1979
5,00,000
16.9.1980'
2, Mahindra Ugine Steel Co
(Rs 15,00,000)
5,00,000
10,00,000
26.2.1980
29.5.1980
3. Nirlon Synthetic Fibres
& Chemical Ltd
5,00,000
9,00,000
22.8.1980
20.11.1980
(Rs 14,00,000)
4. Sassoon J David & Co
(Rs 10,00,000)
6,00,000
4,00,000
5.9.1979
15.10.1979
5. Mafatlal Fine Spg & Mfg
10,00,000
26.2.1980
Co. (Rs 10,00,000)
6. Voltas Limited
10,00,000
26.2.1980
(Rs 10,00,000)
7. Mahihdra & Mahindra Ltd 10,00,000
5.6.1980
(Rs 10,00,000)
8. Indian Dyestuff Inds.
10,00,000
2.6.1980
Ltd. (Rs 10,00,000)
9. Ingersoll·Rand (1) Ltd
(Rs 10,00,000)
5,00,000
5,00,.000
7.6.1980
19.9.1980
10. Excel Industries Ltd
(Rs 10,00,000)
11. Ahmedabad Advance Mills
6,00,000
4,00,000
8,00,000
20.9.1980
14.10.1980
11.4.1980
Ltd. (Rs 8,00,000)
12. Tata Finlay Ltd
7,00,000
5.10.1979
(Rs 7,00,000)
13. Shriram Fibres Ltd
7,00,000
20.9.1980
(Rs 7,00,000)
14. National Machinery Mfrs
6,00,000
18.6.1980
Ltd. (Rs 6,00,000)
15. Special Steels Ltd
6,00,000
18.6.1980
(Rs 6,00,000)
16. Investment Corporation'
5,00,000
14.9.1978
(Rs 5.00,000)
17. Mahindra Spicers Ltd
5,00,000
26.2.1980
(Rs 5,00,000)
18. Tala Oil Mills Co Ltd
5,00,000
25.2.1980
(Rs 5,00,000)
19. Kelvinator of India Ltd
4,00,000
12.10.1980
(Rs 4,00,000)
Date of
Maturity
------
10.2.1981
10.2.1982
10.2.1982
10.8.1982
16.9.1983
26.2.1982
29.5.1983
21.8.1981
19.11.1983
5.9.1982
15.10.1982
25.2.1981
26.2.1983
5.6.1983
2.6.1983
7.6.1983
19.9.1983
20.9.1982
14.10.1983
11.4.1983
5.10.1982
20.9.1983
18.6.1983
18.6.1983
14.9.1981
26.2.1982
25.2.1983
12.10.1982
Rate of Interest
(%)
~---~--
12! Plus 1%
r12!l
~~! Plus 2%
14 J
15
17
17
17
14
14
15
lit
17
14
16
16
17
17
14
14
15 Plus 11%
17
17
14
15
14
16k
TOTAL
1,87,00000
122
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12.9 Page 119 |
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FINANCIAL REVIEW AS ON DECEMBER 31,1980
(Figures in lakhs of Rupees) .
Upto
Dee 31,1979
Income
A. Donations
B. Grants by Foundation (General)
C. Grant by Ford Foundation (Biomedical
Programmes)
D. Interest
85.05
24.13
16.75
57.55
183.48
Disbursements
F. Project Grants
i) Disbursed
ii) Yet to be disbursed
already sanctioned
against
grants
121.55
During
1980
56.51
54.90
21.27
132.68
22.37
G. Expenditure on Programme
Development, Monitoring and
Establishment
H. Total Disbursement (F+G)
Uncommitted Balance (Rs 316.16* - Rs 180.90***
30.23
Anticipated Income (Donations, Grants, Interest) During 1981
Donations in India (Approximate)
Interest on Investments of 187.00
to.oo
30.00
40.00
Anticipated Expenditure During 1980
Disbursement for ongoing projects sanctioned
upto 1980 (against a balance commitment
of Rs 60.74 lakhs)
Disbursement for new projects to be sanc-
tioned (say upto Rs 30 1akhs) during 1981
Developmental, evaluation and monitoring of
ongoing projects and •establishment ex-
penses (as per the proposed budget)
9.55
40.fO
To/al
141.56
79.03
16.75
78.82
--'-3~16._.1-6~* --
143.92**
83.18
60.74
36.98
180.90***
. -----,._--
135.26
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12.10 Page 120 |
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1979
Budget
3,49
0.17
0.95
1.04
0.10
0.25
0.25
0.18
0.12
--0.02
6.57
BUDGET (1981) AND EXPENDITURE (1980)
(Rupees in Jakhs)
Sl.
No.
Accounts Heads
1. Pay and Allowances
2. Car Maintenance
3. Establishment Expenses (Rent,
repairs, electricity, etc.)
4. Stationery, Postage, Telephone
Furniture, Equipment, General,
etc.
5. Library
1r.6. Travel Expenses
i) Staff
ii) Members-Advisory
Council/Panels
Hi) Consultants
7. Honorarium/Consultatiol,l Fee
8. Meetings and Entertainment
Expenditure
9. Audit Fee
TOTAL
For the Year 1980
Budget
Actual
Expenditure
4.77
3.36
0.20
0.19
1.07
1.01
Approved
Budget
for 1981
5.03
0.20
1.16
1.09
0.91
1.38
0,12
0.13
0.15
0.60
0,47
0.65
0.30
0,18
0.30
0.18
0.30
0,18
0.13
0.20
0.12
0.16
0.15
0.03
0.03
0.Q3
8.48
6.75
9.55
|
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13 Pages 121-130 |
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|
|
13.1 Page 121 |
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List of Publications
|
|
13.2 Page 122 |
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Sf.
No.
1. Status Study on Population Research in India
(i) Vol. I
: Behavioural Sciences
(ii) Vol. II
: Demography
(iii) Vol. III
: Bio-Medical
5. Health For All
6. Demography India (Biannual Issue)
10. Family Planning Communication: A Critique of the Indian
Programme
11. Communication for Social Marketing: A Methodology for
Developing Communication Appeals for Family Planning
Programme
12. Family Planning under the Emergency: Policy Implications of
Incentives and Disincentives
13. Voluntary Efforts in Family Planning: A Brief History
14. Studies in Family Planning: India
15. Strategy for Family Planning in the Indian Industrial Sector
|
|
13.3 Page 123 |
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Prof U dai Pareek &
Dr TV Rao
Mr S P Jain
Prof G P Talwar
Dr Ashok Mitra
Prof Ashish Bose
Prof P B Desai &
Prof J N Sharma (IASP)
Dr M N Srinivas &
Dr E A Ramaswamy
••'..Prof A R Desai
•. ICSSR/ICMR/FPF
Indian Association for the Study
of Population (IASP)
Dr Surjit Kaur
Dr V A Pai Panandiker
R N Bishnoi
o P Sharma
Mrs Kamla Mankekar
Dr (Mrs) Kamala Gopal Rao
Prof C N S Nambudiri &
Prof Baldev R Sharma
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi
-do-
-do-
Popular Prakashan Private Ltd., 35, Tardeo
Road, Bombay 400034.
Indian Institute of Education, Pune .
Hindustan Publishing Corpn. (India), New
Delhi
Sterling Publishers
AB/9 Safdarjang Enclave, New Delhi-16
Manohar Book Service
2 Ansari Road, Daryaganj,
New Delhi-2
Abhinav Publications
E-37 Hauz Khas, New Delhi
Radiant Publishers,
E-155 Kalkaji, New Delhi-ll0019
The Macmillan Company of India Ltd.,
New Delhi
Radiant Publishers,
E-155 Kalkaji, New Delhi-l 10019
Abhinav Publications, New Delhi
Abhinav Publications, New Delhi
Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
|
|
13.4 Page 124 |
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Sl.
No.
16. Recent Advances in Contraceptive Technology
17. Gonadotropins and Gonadal Function (Proceedings of a
Conference held in 1973)
18. Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Eukaryote
Cells
19. Use of Non-Human Primate in Bio-Medical Research
21. Contraceptive Pharmacology (Dr B C Roy Memorial Lectures)
(u~rint)
22. XXIII Annual Conference of the Association of the Physiologists
and Pharmacologists of India
23. International Symposium and Workshop on Biomedical
Engineering
24. Second Annual Conference of the Federation of the Indian
Societies of Endocrinology
25. The Indian College of Allergy and Applied Immunology Xth
Convention
26. XXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences
27. The Mechanism of Action of Some Anti-fertility Agents on the
Contractility of the Fallopian Tube
28. Abstracts-Symposium lectures Fifth International Congress on
Hormonal Steroids New Delhi~28 October-4 November 1978.
29. Proceedings of Family Planning Programme Strategy for Medical
Practitioners-Workshop Seminar.
31. Family As.a Unit of Welfare in National Planning Proceedings
of the Regional Asian Conference held in New Delhi-17-21
October 1972.
|
|
13.5 Page 125 |
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Dr K R Laumas
Dr N R Moudgal
Prof M R N Prasad &
Prof T C Anand Kumar
Prof T C Anand Kumar
Ankur Publishing House, New Delhi
Academic Press Inc., New York
Indian National Science Academy,
New Delhi
S. Karger, Basel USA
Arun and Rajive Pvt. Ltd.
Sector 17-C Chandigarh.
Dr J Behari and
ProfS K Guha
DrB K Anand
(Biomedical Study Group)
Col Pran Nath Luhra
Indian Institute of Technology and All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow and
K.G's Medical College, Lucknow
Indian College of Allergy and Applied
Immunology Medical College, New Delhi
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, All India
Institute of Medical Sciences and Indian
Institute of Technology. New Delhi
Congress Secretariat Vth International Congress
on Hormonal Steroids-All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Indian Medical Association, IMA House,
Indraprastha House, New Delhi
Indian Council of Social Sciences Research,
Delhi
|
|
13.6 Page 126 |
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Sl.
No.
32. An Across the Board Study of UNICEF's Involvement in
Population Activities in India
33. Social Development Aspects of Social Education
34. Why Sex Education (?)
|
|
13.7 Page 127 |
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Dr K NGeorge
Mrs Tara Ali Baig
The Paramount Printers, Madurai
Indian Council for Child Welfare, New Delhi