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PFI Annual Report 1977 |
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1 Pages 1-10 |
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FAMILY PLA NI G FOU DATIO
AKASHDEEP BUILDING (5th FLOOR)
Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110001
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
ANNUAL REPORT
For the Year ended 31st December 1977
BLIND RELIEF ASSOCIATION BUILDING,
Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg,
New Delhi-llOOOJ
AKASHDEEP BUILDING (5th FLOOR)
Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-lIOOOl
New Delhi
July, 1978
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
ANNUAL REPORT
For the Year ended 31st December 1977
BLIND RELIEF ASSOCIATION BUILDING,
Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg,
New Delhi-llOOOJ
AKASHDEEP BUILDING (5th FLOOR)
Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-lIOOOl
New Delhi
July, 1978
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Members of the Foundation
Members of ·the Governing Board
Advisory Council
Advisory Panel (Biomedicall), Advisory Panel
Staff
Structure of the Report
Chairman's Report
Executive Director's Report!
Brief Details of Projects:
(i) Biomedical Research
19
(ii) Health Related Projects and Programmes
32
(Hi) Information, Education and Communicatlion
43
(iv) Family Planning in the Organised Sector
56
(v) Studies, Surveys and Evaluation
59
(vi) Management and Administration
80
«(vu) Institutional Development
83
(viii) Special Programmes
92
Accounts:
103
Auditors Report
103
Balance Sheet
104
Income and Expenditure Account
106
Financial Review
109
Donations-Summary
110
Donations During the year 1977
111
Grants Sanctioned and Disbursed (Summary)
112
Budget and Expenditure
113
Appendices:
118
List of Projects
118
Publications
140
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GOVERNING BOARD
1. Mr J. R. D. Tata
2. Dr Bharat Ram
3. Mr M. V. Arunachalam
4. Mrs Tara Ali Baig
5. Dr Dipak Bhatia
6. Mr S. P. Godrej
7. Mr B. M. Khaitan
8. Mr A. L. Mudaliar
9. Mr Arvind N. Lalbhai
10. Mr H. P. Nanda
11. Mr Rajeshwar Prasad
12. Dr L. M. Singhvi
13. Mr T. T. Vasu
14. Mr B. G. Verghese
15. Mrs Avabai B. Wadia
16. Dr K. L. Wig
17. Prof J. C. Kavoori
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
Member
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Executive Direct"or FPF
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MEMBERS OF THE
FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
1. Mr J. R. D. Tata
2. Dr Bharat Ram
3. Mrs Tara Ali Baig
4. Mr M. V. Arunachalam
5. Col Dipak Bhatia
6. Mr G. K. Devarajulu
7. Mr S. P. Godrej
8. Dr M. S. Gore
9. Mr J aykrishna Harivallabhdas
10. Mr B. M. Khaitan
11. Mrs Yamutai Kirloskar
12. Mr Arvind N. Lalbhai
13. Prof Ravi Matthai
14. Mr A L. Mudaliar
15. Prof M. Mujeeb
16. Mr H. P. Nanda
17. Dr K. A Pisharoti
18. Mr Rajeshwar Prasad
19. Mr A A Rahimtula
20. Dr K. N. Raj
21. Dr D. P. Singh
22. Mr Raunaq Singh
23. Dr L. M. Singhvi
24. Mr T. T. Vasu
25. Mr B. G. Verghese
26. Mrs Avabai B. Wadia
27. Dr K. L. Wig
28. ProfJ. C. Kavoori
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1. . Dr Malcolm S. Adiseshiah
2. Mr Charles M. Correa
3. Dr (Mrs) A Dass
4. Dr (Mrs) Kumudini Dandekar
5. Mrs Serla Grewal, IAS
6. Dr A M. Khusro
7. Miss Mehra Masani
8. Dr N. R. Moudgal
9. Mr J. P.,Naik
10. Dr Nitya Nand
11. Dr V. A Pai Panandikar
12. Dr Samuel Paul
13. Dr Bhaskar Rao
14. Dr V. Ramalingaswamy
15. Mr Chanchal Sarkar
16. Dr M. N. Srinivas
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1. Dr K. L. Wig
2. Dr P. N. Chhuttani
3. Dr (Mrs) A. Dass
4. Dr K. R. Laumas
5. Dr M. K. Krishna Menon
6. Dr Nity~and
7. Prof M. R. N. Prasad
8. Dr V. Ramalingaswamy
9. Dr Somnath Roy
10. Mr Chanchal Sarkar
11. Mr Justice S. M. Sikri
1. Prof P. B. Desai
2. Dr George Joseph
3. Dr S. N. Ranade
4. Dr R. K. Sanyal
5. Dr Y. P. Singh
6. Dr T. R. Tewari
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Prof J. C. Kavoori
Commodore C. Mehta, AVSM
Secretary &Treasurer
. ~. ·and Director Administration
Dr B. K. Anand
Vacant
Vacant
Dr K. K. Siddh
Vacant
Programme Director (Biomedical)
Programme Director (Demography)
Programme Director (Management)
Programme Associate
Programme Associate (Biomedical)
A F. Ferguson and Co.
Post Box No. 24
New Delhi 110 001.
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The Annual Report has been divided into four parts: the Chairman's
report, the Executive Director's report together with brief details of the
projects financed by the Foundation, Accounts and Appendices.
The Chairman's report is an overview of the population problem in the
context of the critical developments in this field in the recent past of
the coun~ry which have made the Foundation's role still more challeng-
ing and necessary. The financial portion of the report is given in a
separate section.
The Executive Director's report is a cumulative one which describes in
brief the Foundation's projects and programmes from its inception. This
is followed by a review of the projeets and programmes which are
divided into eight categories, namely,
(i) Biomedical Research
(ii) Health Related Projects and Programmes
(iii) Information, Education aJ).dCommunication
(iv) Family Planning in the Organised Sector
(v) Studies, Surveys and Evaluation
(vi) Management and Administration
(vii) Institutional Development
(viii) Special Programmes
These are further divided into completed projects, ongoing projects,
planning and preparatory grants, and projects which were discontinued
or withdrawn. The completed projects have been briefly described
emphasising the key ideas involved in them. The ongoing projects
emphasise the current status at the level of programmes.
The Accounts Section contains the Auditor's report, balance sheet, in-
come & expenditure accOunt, grants made, donations received and budget
for 1978.
The appendices include the list of projects and publications financed by
the Foundatdon.
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I have great pleasure in presenting, on behalf of the Governing Board,
the Seventh Annual Report of the Family Planning Foundation.
While reviewing the work of the Foundation last year I had shared with!
you some of the anxieties caused to us by certain excesses and consequent
adverse impact on the cause of family planning which had developed
during the emergency. With the lifting of press censorship last
year and the publication 'of harrowing tales of coercion, the extent of
the damage to family planning programmes became apparent and, I
regret to say, exceeded all our fears.
The family planning programme in a greater part of north india, is at
a near stand-still. This is where- the bulk of the population problem
is. The family planning workers at all levels are demoralised and in
many parts of the country their activities have practically come to a
halt. In this situation, there is for a non-poliiical organisation like ours,
a major role not only in practical and imaginative programmes, but alsO'
for relegitimising ,family planning with vigorous efforts in the eyes of
the masses .and leaders.
You may recall that not very long ago, the Health & Family Welfare
Minister himself copfessed that the situation on the family planning
front was "very serious" because of a startling fall in confuoaceptiveusage
and methods in the period April-December 1977 compared with the
corresponding months in 1976.The Prime Minister has also been forthright
in his espousal of the 'family planning cause. Such declarations and
confessions, while good in themselves, are not enough today. What is
needed is. a vigorous pursuit of known and tested methods of work and
organization and the identification of new ways to realize population goals.
This calls for strong will, first and foremost. This need has been ex-
pressed stlrongly in several forums of voluntary and other organizations.
I would like to reiterate the same on behalf of our Foundation.
The Foundation welcomes the policy announcements of the Indian Gov-
ernment made during the year under review concerning their continued
support to family planning as family welfare as iJt is now known. The
rejection of coercion is to be lauded; equally so, the desire to pursue
population control programmes vigorously. However,' I must point out that
in spite of the policy announcements the Government does not seem as
yet to have shown adequate will, nor dynamism, in pushing forward the
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programme. The situation, therefore, continues to cause us real concern.
For the Family Planning Foundation the year under review was one of
looking for a meaningful role for itself and for undertaking a few pro-
grammes with a corrective and forward looking stance. We have taken
a few initiatives which we hope will carry the Foundation forward in
playing its supportive role in a meaningful manner. Among th~ several
programmes which are being supported by the Foundation one is the
study of the implementation of family planning during the emergency,
for its policy and programmes implications. The focus of the study is
on learning lessons of the period rather than finding fault with anyone.
This is being undertaken with the help of some of the country's leading
social scientists.
1 would like to mention specifically two other projects. One envisages
the development of communication programmes, particularly for the-
leaders in the country's-legislatures, policy-makers and others in posi-
tions of influenre, to stimulate them into involvement in family planning
in an effective and meaningful way. The other project is a film:
"PARVATI", which was produced by the well known director/producer,
Mr Santi P. Chowdhury, at the request of the Foundation. This film
presents the message of the· small family norm as part of a developmen-
tal process in the micro-setting of a village with a village woman as the
central character. This film was adjudged by the Union Min.i.Sitryof
Information and Broadcast::U:tass the best promotional film produced in
India in 1977.
Further, I am happy to report on two developments within the Founda-
tion:
(i) In pursuance of the decision of the Governing Board to have the
work of the Foundation-from' its inception six years ago--independently
(
evaluated, a three member evaluation team has been constituted with
Mr Justice G. D. Khosla, former Chief Justice of Punjab High Court,
as Chairman, and Dr V. Ramalingaswami, Director, All I.ndia Instit.ute!
of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, and Prof. P. B. Desai, Institute of Eco-
nomic Growth, Delhi, as its members.
The main objectives of this exercise are: to assess whether the Founda-
tion has been operating effectively within the broad framework of its
goals and objectives and more particularly the directions given by the
Advisory Council; to analyse how far the projects and programmes the
Foundation has sponsored and supported have been innovative, creatlive
and useful; to ascertain how far the organizational, administrative
and other mechanisms employed to make its objectives operational haVe!
been effective and relevant; and to determine how meaningfully the
Foundation's role is related to the national population policies and pro-
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grammes. The Evaluation team is also expected to give guidelines for
the future role and function of the Foundatlion. It is expected to submit
its report shortly.
(U) Dr B. K. Anand, former Dean of the All-India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, and Assistant Director of the World H,ealtihOrgani-
zation, has joined the Foundation as Programme Director (Biomedical)
from October 1, 1977. Dr. Anand is a medical scientist of international
repute and has been closely connected with research on reproductive
biology at the AIIMS, the Indian Council of Medical Research and World
Health Organ,ization. His joining the Foundation has greatly streng-
thened its technical base. It has also provided a fillip to its biomedical
research programme in general and more particularly to the Career
Development! Scheme for young Indian biomedical scientists, for which
the Ford Foundation has, with the approval of the Government of India,
made a generous grant of Rs 1.6 million, with a matching grant of
Rs 400,000from the Family Planning Foundation.
Last year, I had indicated the possibilities of joint funding of key pro-
jects in collaboration with international/United Nations agencies and
similar private and public bodies of high repute. These are now being
actively explored. Among the ongoing projects where such collaboration
has already been established two noteworthy instances are: the Career
Development Scheme for Reprod~tive Biology and Contraceptive Tech-
nology, with which the Ford Foundation is associated and the prepara-
tion of a Populatdon Monograph on India based on the 1971 census in
association with the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for
Asia and the Pacific.
These contacts st'em from the rising international visibility of the Foun,..,
dation. We hope to be able to relate witl1. other organizations in the
near future, with the knowledge and approval of the Government of
India.
There was a vacancy on the Governing Board caused by the transfer of
Mr A Chandra Sekhar, Special Secretary in the Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare, to Andhra Pradesh. This was filled by Mr Rajeshwar
Prasad, Secretary, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, who has kindly
accepted an invitation to join the Governing Board as a member. Our
sincere gratitude goes to MrA. Chandra Sekhar, whose sustained interest
and valuable guidance and advice helped the Foundation a great deal in
its activities. On behalf of the Foundation, I welcome Mr Rajeshwar
Prasad, who has made his presence felt within a short time of his' joining
the Ministry. In the few months he has been with the Foundation, he
has proved to be a trusted friend and counsellor of the Foundation.
The Foundation also owes a debt of gratitude to the members of the
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Advisory Council and Advisory Panels, and the individual social workers,
professionals and scientists who have continued to help and respond to
our requests for advice and guidance in furthering our promotlional
activities in family planning.
I also take this opportunity·to convey my appreciation to the Foundation
staff for discharging their duties with enthusiasm and competence.
I now present the annual accounts for the year ended 31st December 1977.
It would be seen from the details at page 110 of the report, that 1977
has been a lean year for donations to the Foundation. To some extent
this i s understandable and attributable to the adverse reaction to
family planning programmes in several states. The prevailing atmosphere
was, therefore, not conducive to fund raising last year. Nevertheless,
the need for raising adequate resources to -enable the Foundation to
promote and develop im~Jnative programmes requires emphasis. In the
coming months we shall redouble our efforts and approach the industrial
and business community once again for donations. Simultaneously, the
Foundation is exploring the possibility of joint funding in collaboration
with international organizations with the approval of the Government
of India
As shown on page 109 this report, at the end of the 1977 the Foundation
had uncommitted funds to the extent of Rs 65 lakhs. As in the past,
we have decided to sanction a budget of Rs 20 lakhs for supporting new
projects in 1978. The budget approved for operating expenses, including
promotional activities and expenditure on general administration and
establishment for 1978,is Rs 5.63Iakhs.
J. R. D. Tata
Chairman
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The year 1977 contJinuedto be a period of concern for all those involved
and interested in family planning.
Last year, looking ahead and to the prospects for family planning I
had said:
"The critical issue in the coming months ,is the need for restoring the
credibility of both the idea and programme of family planning. Both
are suffering from an 'identitty crisis. As an idea, family planning has
lost much of its developmental value, personal 'usefulness and meaningful-
ness; and as a programme'it has become in the minds of many, particularly
in North India, another name for coercion. Another critical issue born
out of the stand taken by the .n. ew government is how well and how
soon can they make a wholly voluntary programme solve the problem
of rapid population growth. While the rejection of coercion as a method
is a very welcome feature of the thinking of the government, it is not
enough as a positive force for a sound and workable programme. One
more critical problem would be the mobilization of the administration
and infrastructure as a whole. Their morale is at a low ebb. Most of
them may be rejecting their role after the consequences of the backlash.
The health staff will have to relegitimatize their role as educators and
motivators rather than as symbols of coercion".
The year 1977did not see any change in the situation in any appreciable
meaure. In fact, the lack of political will became more glaringly manifest,
particularly in the States; this, notwithstanding the fact that the President,
the Prime Minister and the Health Minister have made several laudable
speeches indicative of interest and commitment to family planning. There
is .more to the stalemate than the inability to translate a well-meaning
policy st~nce into a programme of action. It is unwilling to see the
problem in its deeper and complex dimension-the dimension thrown
up after the backlash to the programme of family planning. Two things
seem to have happened: (i) psychological resistance to family planning
has got enmeshed into a culture that is still tradition ridden more than
before, and (ii) having secured electoral mileage from the abuses and
excesses in family planning, the present political leadership finds articu-
lation on family planning both embarassing and inconvenient.
Apart from the need to face the basic realities, suitable strategies for
a radically changed situation have also not come forth and the
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infrastructure continues to be inadequate to the challenge. This is notwith-
standing the ;fact tha~ some movement is visible in a few parts of the
country and no serious questions can be raised about the policy ideas of
the government, vis-a-vis its stance on community approach, indigenous
systems of medicine etc. But ideas, however well maning and relevant
are circumscribed by the system of which they are a part. Today, in
a good measure, the system is both inappropriate and inadequate. IIi
fact, it has been so for quite some time. The crisis-the backlash during
and after the emergency-has only shown up the problem in all its
complexity and danger. The attempts to revive family planning, mostly
throvgh the existing health care system with its static stance· and that
too for the major part a mechanical return to sterilization, are not likely
to bring about the desired qualitative change necessary at this critical
juncture. A crisis is both a danger and an opportunity-an opportunity
to innovate and break with a burdensome past and look for new answers.
Unfortunately, we seem to be more preoccupied with the former than
with the latter.
The opporunity is before the nation; to revitalise family planning,
radically and relevently, within a framework that is both realistic and
practical. It is in this spirit that the Foundation is seeking an effective
and forward looking role for itself in the nation's life.
~ the last year, the Foundation had two broad kinds of programmes,
(1) those of an innovative character suitable to the mood, temper and
need of the difficult 1;imesthat we are in; and (2) support activities of
a promotional nature. Both of these are being undertaken in a selective
way, choosing the area of initiative and action for their creative
value. We hope that these will trigger, in time, certain ideas and forces
that may help 1P change the atmosphere in the country in the short
run and in the long term, help to strengthen the family planning
programme in a substantive meaningful way.
Some Selected Programmes
Apart from the programmes and projects mentioned in the Chairman's
Report, it would be worthwhile to indicate here a few more projects and
programmes which reveal the basic character and thrust of the
Foundation's role.
A continuing major lacuna in our research is the inadequate under-
standing of fertility behaviour at the micro-level. With a view to strengthen
research in this area, the Foundation funded a project, "Changing
ramily Organization among Khasis and Garos". This project is being
undertaken by Dr M. Kodanda Rao of North Eastern Hill University,
Shillong. This is a socio-cultural study of fertility behaviour in an area
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consider~ sensitive as far as perception of population problem is
concerned. With this and similar other &tudies that are likely to follow,
it· is hoped to stimulate much-needed interest in population problem, in
an area where ecological and cultural considerations are obviously
important. This is an attempt to develop a regio~al. stance in
family planning and population control.
Another project is "District Development Demonstration Project"
undertaken by the Gandhigram Institute of Health and Family Planning.
The :rnstitute has brought down substantially the fertility levels in a
block through a programme of integrated health care. This successful
experiment is now being extended m one entire division involving' a;
population of one million. This is a collaborative endeavour with the
Tamil Nadu Government. This would have replication value far beyond
Tamil Nadu.
One more project with considerable policy relevance is the projectJ on
"Population Policy 2.000'AD-A Study of Relationship between Population
and Economic Development". This project will study various develop-
mental scenarios based on population projections under different
assumptions. The study which has been undertaken by the Centre for
Policy Research under the Directorship of Dr V. A. Pai Panandikar, would
attempt to look into critical areas that impinge on development, parti-
cularly those that have so far not been studied, namely, environment and
possible tensions.
Another major thrust during the year has been in the area of biomedical
research. With the joining of Dr B. K. Anand as Programme Director
(Biomedical) of Foundation, to which the Chairman has already made a
reference, work on the Career Development Research Scheme offering
fellowships to biomedical scientists has gained substantive momentum.
Candidates of proven and po;tential worth have been selected both from
India and abroad. Along with this, a number of. conferences/seminars
on biomedical aspects have been funded to encourage the scientific
community to relate with the Foundation purposefully.
An Overview of ,the Projects:
A· brief but overall picture of a progressive and cumulative kind is
indicated in the succeeding paragraphs. The Foundation has funded twelve
new projects/programmes during the year under review and sanctioning
only Rs 11,89,600 against the budget of Rs 20 lakhs. For this there are
two reasons. The number of projects that came up for consideration,
although large, were mostly not acceptable, either due to their lack of
relevance to;the present needs or because they were weak in their technical
content and thrust, often both. Secondly, in view of the expected report
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of the Evaluation Committee, to which reference has been made by the
C}:lainnan,the work on processing of new projecU>was slowed as finner
direction for funding is now expected to emerge for the Foundation.
The Foundation has supported 93 projects in all. These have been
divided into 8 categories. Against each category, the number of projects
funded, the amount involved and the percentage are indicated below:
------_.- ..._----
SNo.
Type of Study
No. of Amount Percentage
Studies Sanctioned
1. Biomedical Research
14
2. Health Related
11
3. Information, Education & Communication
14
4. Family Planmdng in the Organised Sector
4
<'"/. Studies, Surveys and Evaluation
26
6. Management and Administration
5
7. Institutional Development
12
8. Special Programmes
7
27,O9,OO()'
29.4
17,57,l>OO
19.1
10,01,750
10.9
5,47,00(j
6.0
22,15,:>50
24.0
1,59,000
1.8
4,28,311
4.6
3,85,125
4.2
roTAL-
93
92,13,236
lCO.OO
Note 1: Out of these, five projects for which the Foundation had sanctioned
Rs 1,75,000 were withdrawn/discontinued.
Note 2: The above amount of Rs 92,13,236 includes fellowship awards to the extent
of! Rs 20 lakhs'sanctioned during the year 11&78,for which the Ford
Foundation contributed Rs 16 lakhs apart from Rs 4 lakhs sanctioned
by the Family Planning Foundation.
The broad analysis would show that the overall funding has been in the
field of biomedical and health which accounts for 25 projects involving
an amount of Rs 14,65,500,Le. 48.5% of the total commitment. In other
words, the Foundation's funding has a strqng medical and health stance.
This is followed by 26 projects on Studies, Surveys and Evaluation,
totalling Rs 22,15,550and accounting for 24.0%. These are evaluative and
critical studies which provide insights for identifying replication and
extension ideas for pilot and demonstration work. This is followed by
14 projects on Infonnation, Education and Communication with an outlay
ofRs 10,01,750. The other three areas, namely, Management and
Administration, Institutional Development and Special Programmes cover
24 projects for which an amount! of Rs 9,82,436 has been sanctioned.
The overall stance of the programme is on action-oriented, followed
by projects concerning policy involvement. The Foundation continues
to function nationally. The projects are located in practically every
part of the country.
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A continuing difficulty that. the Foundation has been facing since its
inception needs to be recorded. The bulk of the problem in the country
relates to 4 States, namely, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya
Pradesh. The Foundation has been finding it difficult to identify suitable
non-governmental organizations to undertake projects of a useful kind
in these areas. The problem is more than one of finding good programmes
to support; in the first instance, the need is to identify and develop
agencies for undertaking meaningful work.
Future:
Funding and promoting in the coming years would be done largely
on the basis of the report Qf the Evaluation Committee and the
programmes thereafter would be developed with the help of the Advisory
Council. It would be relevant to mention that the Foundation would
continue to maintain its independence stance as a nOn-government
organization. It is the soul of its existence.
J. C. KA VOORI
Executive Director.
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Brief Details of Projects
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3 Pages 21-30 |
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CATEGORY OF PROJECTS
Category
Project Nos Page Nos
I Biomedical Research·
(a) Completed Projects
(b) Ongoing Projects
vl-ll
12-14
19-27
27-32
II. Health Related Projects and Programmes
(a) Completed Projects
(b) Ongoing Projects
(c) Planning/Preparatory Grants
15-17
18-23
24-25
32-35
35-40
41-43
III. Information, Education and Communication
(a) Completed Projects
(b) Ongoing Projects
(c) Planning/Preparatory Grants
(d) Withdrawn/Discontinued Projects
26-28
29-33
34-36
37-39
43-45
45-50
50-521
52-55
IV. Family Planning in the Organised Sector
Ongoing Projects
\\
40-43 56-59
v. Studies, Surveys and Evaluation
(a) Completed Projects
(b) Ongoing Projects
44-52
53-69
59-64
64-79
VI. Management and Administration
(a) Completed Projects
(b) Ongoing Projects
70-72
73-74
80-81
82-83
VII. Institutional Development
(a) Completed Projects
(b) Ongoing Proiects
(c) Planning/Preparatory Grants
(d) Withdrawn/Discontinued Projects
75-78
79-83
84-85
86
83-86
86-90
90-91
91-92
VIII. Special Programmes
(a) Completed Projects
(b) Ollgoing Projects
(c) Withdrawn/Discontinued
Projects
87-90
91-92
93
.92-96
97-99
99
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Title
Director
Background
Xth Convention of the Indian College of Allergy and Applied Immunology.
Dr (Mrs) A. Dass.
This was convention of experts involved in specialisations related to
Allergy and Applied Immunology. As part of their interest they also
discussed in the Convention, the topic "Immunological Approach to
Control of Reproduction". The grant was given with a view to stimulate
and sustain in1Brest of Applied Immunologists and others in fertility
control
Budget
Insti'fution
Rs 5,000.
The Indian College of Allergy and Applied Immunology.
Budget
Institution
19
This was. a satellite symposium of the XXVI International Congress of
Physiological Sciences, organised under the direction of Dr K. R. Laumas.
The symposium discussed the latest developments in contraceptive
technology, the world over. The symposium was organized under the
auspices of WHO Research and Training 'Cent.re at the All India Institute
of Medical Sciences. The report has been published in a book form,
with the help' of a grant given by tpe Foundation, by Ankur Publishing
House.
Rs 4,000
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
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Background
This symposium was organized in New Delhi from November 3 to 8,
1975 by the Indian National Science Academy. The discussions had a
direct bearing on human fertility. Over 100 biomedical scientists from
14 countries as well as representatives from the World Health Organisation,
ICMR, Department of Science and Technology, UGC, Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare, Department of Agriculture, Indian Wild Life- Society
and others attended.
Dr M. R N. Prasad and Dr T. C. Anand Kumar were the Directors.
This was published by the Delhi University Press.
Title
Symposium on "Regulation to Growth and Differentiated Function in
Eukaroyote Cells."
Background
20
This was a satellite symposium of the XXVI lnternational Congress of
Physiological Sciences. It was attended by immunologists, cell biologists
and others from all over the world. A sizeable part of the discussion
was devoted to the development of contraceptive technology as part of
the larger concerns of the symposium. The Director of the seminar was
Dr G. P. Talwar of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. The pro-
ceedings have been published in a book form by Rabin Press Publishers.
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Tide
Symposium on "Neuroendocrine Regulation of Fertility".
Background
This was a satellite symposium of the XXVI International Congress of
Physiological Sciences. As a potential new approach to human repro-
duction this symposium was based on neuroendocrine regulation of
fertility.
Dr T. C. Anand Kumar of the AIIMS was the Director of the symposium.
The symposium organized by the WHO Research and Training Centre
at the AIIMS was held at Simla.
The proceedings have been published in a book form by S. Karger.
Mechanism of A~on of some Anti-Fertility Agents on the Contractility
of the Fallopian Tubes.
.
.
The basic thrust of the project was to study a specific class of agents
which are believed to effect fertility' by altering the tubal motility in
relation to the mechanism of transport of ova and sperm. For studying
this biomedical engineering device was developed which could record
the tubal motility in intact and unanaesthetised animals.
The project has been completed and the report submitted. The same
is currently being assessed by the experts for possible extension of the
project. The possibilities of a Career Development Fellowship (Biomedical)
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is being considered as a follow-up.
There is need for further research, particularly on the long term effects
of the contraceptive agents on the fallopian tubes.
Directors
Prof B. K. Anand, and Dr S. K. Manchanda, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi.
Background
The Foundation funded the XXVI International Congress of Physiological
Sciences keeping in view the intimate and critical intereset the Congress
had in population and family planning through studies on reproductive
physiology and biology. The President of the Congress was Dr B. K.
.Anand who also directed it. The Foundation's grant was used for
supporting travel and some other expenses -in connection with twOt
Symposia held during the Congress in the field of Reproductive Biology.
Further it was in this Congress that for the first time Dr G. P .. Talwar
shared his research findings on the anti-pregnancy vaccine with other
national and international scientists. The proceedings of the Congress
have been published. under the Core-book programme of the Nationai
Book ~t of India.
Director
22
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Background
The Symposium was an international one where, interalia, the importance
of gonadotrol?ins and fertility control was stressed. The report has
been published in the form of a book.
Submitted by Dr S. K. Guha
Professor of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences & Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi.
Venue
Indian Institute of Technology and All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
NeW-Delhi.
No. of
Pamcipants
Approximately 200.
Background
It. is widely recognised that for effective research and development in the'
field of fertility and sterility, it is not possible to achieve perceivable
results within compartmentalised arrangements. Keeping this in mind,
the Indian Institute of Technology and the All India Institute of Medical
Sciences jointly, organised an International Sympooium and Workshop
on Biomedical Engineering to identify national needs and chalk out
working plans for the same.
Importance
23
The propo~ed symposium provided an opportunity to the scientists,
(physicists, physiologists and others) and engineers to explore jointly the
areas of biology which could be assisted through biomedicaL engineering,
including involvemenl1 in research related to family planning. The
approach of biomedical engineering for solving biological problems is
a recent one. Development of contraceptive technology based on this
approach would be a useful addition to the several other approaches.
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Objectives & ~e aim and objects of the Symposium were:
Methodology 1. To provide free forum to scientists to exhibit instruments and
techniques currently under development in their laboratories.
2. Discussion on recent scientific advancements.
3. Intensive but informal group exchange of views on engineering
aspects of biomedical engineering together with demonstrations.
4. Commercial exhibition of instruments, devices and books.
\\
The general topic for discussion were related to the field of :
(i) Mass health care for rural and urban sectors.
(ii) BME in fertility and sterility.
(iii) Control mechanism and information processing during yoga and
meditation.
(iv) Early detection and management of malnutrition.
(v) Rehabilitation Engineering.
(vi) Biomedical instrumentation and computers.
(vii) Modelling and information processing.
(viii) Bio-materials.
(ix) Bio-medical engineering education.
(x) Control of the environment.
These were discussed under four topics;
1. Rehabilitation Engineering.
2. Fertility and Sterility.
3. Yoga and MediJtQtion.
4. Biomedical Instrumentation and Computer Application.
, The Foundation's support was sought to meet ,expenses on the travel of
young Indian scientists and for publication of this report.
XXIII Annual Conference of the Associattion of Physiologiss and
Pharmacologists of India.
Submitted by Dr (Mrs) Sarda Subramanyam, Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical
Sciences, Madras University, Madras.
Venue
24
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No. of
Approximately 300 participants attended the Conference.
Participants
Background
Since the founding of the Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists,
there has been a general involvement of the concerned scientists in the
study of Reproductive physiology leading to the development of
contraceptive technology and family planning. This interest has grown
over tlhe years. . At the International Congress of Physiological Sciences,
the Association organised an entire section. on Reproducti~e Biology and
Family Planning. The Foundation gave Rs 50,000 for this session and
also supported a number of satellite seminars and workshops partially.
The present meeting was the Association's National Annual Conference
for which it asked for a partial supportJ of Rs 10,000, from the Foundation,
to help young Indian scientists to attend the Conference.
Several senior and junior scientists are working in the field of contra-
ceptive technology. For instance, resear.ch is underway on a contraceptive
pill suitable for our populatlion where malnutrition is very prevalent.
Such conferences help in strengthening interest of the scientific community
in important areas of research. The Conference also provide opportunities
to younger scientists to updat,e their knowledge. Conferences such as
these, if well organized provide mutual stimulation and help in generating
new ideas.
Objective &
Methodology
One of the important areas of concern in this conference is family planning
and reproductive physiology. -Twenty original papers on f'8mily planning
and reproducive physiology were presented at the Conference on the
following important topics :
1. Neuro-endocrime Mechanism for reproduction and their control
2. Role of pineal gland in reproduction.
3. Use of some indigenous products in influencing reproduction.
4. Effects of prostaglands.
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Submitted by Dr S. K. Mukherji.
Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.
Approximately 250 participants attended the Conference from within and
outside the country.
The Central Drug Research IIlSititute,Lucknow, and K.G. Medical College,
Lucknow jointly organized the Und Conference of the Federation of
Indian Societies of Endocrinology (comprising five different societies,
three of which are mainly concerned with studies in the field of repro-
duction). One of the important areas of discussion was fertility control.
The FouI\\datlion's help was sought to meet expenses on travel of the
Indian scientists and also for the publication of the report.
The seminar was organized as an important periodical exercise for
identifying areas of critical research as part of the search for excellence
and relevance. It aimed also at providing specific guidance for research.
The interaction between (1) different disciplines viz. the biologists,
biochemists and clinicians; and (2) senior and young scientists was a
forward looking and stimulating exercise.
Objective &
Methodology
The primary aim of the Conference was to identify priority. areas for
research in Reproductive Biology which are likely to lead to the develop-
ment and improvement of fertility control technology.
The topics of discussion were:
(i) Reproductive Biology
(ii) General, Comparative and Clinical Endocrinology.
(iii) Diabetes and allied Metabolic Disorders.
In addiion some of the sessions were devoted to matters relevant to
family planning. Seminars on the following three topics provided an
opportunity to the participants to update their knowledge in the area
of fertility control, namely:
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(i) Receptor and Fertility Control.
(ii) Neural Control of Endocrine functions; and
(iii) Reproductive Biology.
Career Development for Research in the field of Human Reproduction and
Contraceptive Technology in India.
Current
Status
This is a project which endeavours to give a. qualitative thrust to
reproductlive research in India, by supporting most promising areas of
reBearch through a programme of fellowships awarded to outstanding
and/or promising scientists in the field.
The programme has two thrusts, namely:
(1) bringing Indian scientists from abroad for work in India; and
(2) identifying promising Indian scientists in India itself;
and awarding them Fellowship for two to three years to conduct research
in the field of human reproduction and contraceptive technology, having
relevance to the Indian conditions.
Keeping the overall objectives of the project in view, the :F'oundation has
aimed to:
'
(i) identify outstanding and{or promIsIng scientists in India and
abroad to work in suitable laboratories with a view to give a quali-
tative thrust to research in reproduction; and
(ii) encourage young and promising Indian scientists to take up
research on reproductive physiology as part of their long term
interest.
The workers have been identified and awarded Fellowships (Senior
Fellowships for the first category of workers and Training Fellowship
for the second category) keeping in view their levels of seniority, expertise
and scientific and academic proficiency. The research projects approved
for their studies have been mainly those which may have immediate
relevance to their applicability in the Indian milieu. These projects
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mainly aim at studying the mechanisms, both in the female and the
male, of fertilisation and implantation-thus aiming to develop contra-
ceptive technology which may lead to either avoidance of fertilisation
of the egg, or, in the alternatJi.veavoiding implantation of the fertilized
egg in the uterus, or its discard within a few days of implantation.
1. Dr Amar Chatterjee-Bs 2.50 lakhs
Fellowship for three years to conduct studies on the mechanism of action
on Prostaglandins. The studies on smaller animals will be carried out in
Calcutta, and the studies on monkeys at CDRI Lucknow. A detailed work
plan has been drawn and the studies initiated with effect from May 1978.
2. Dr. Jagannadha Rao-Bs 2.40lakhs.
Fellowship for three years to work at the Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, to study the mechanism of secretion of chorionogonadotropins
in pregnant monkeys and human placental tissue cultures. It is expected
that such studies may lead to the development of contraceptive technology
through influencing the secretion of HCG.
Note: It has since been learnt that Dr Rao is not likely to return from
America to take up these studies in the near future. Th.e Foundation
is trying to identify some other' suitable person to undertake this project
3. Dr (Mrs) Bhashini Rao-Bs 1.30lakhs.
Fellowship for three years to work at AIIMS, New Delhi to study the
mechanism of secretion of chorionogonadotropins to human placental
homogenates, and the effects of prostaglandin on the same.
Dr Bao ~s returning from abroad in the next couple of months to take up
these studies.
4. Dr C. P. Puri-Bs 53,000.
Training Fellowship to carry out a pilot study for one year at the AIIMS,
New Delhi, to study the effects of nasal sprays of prostaglandins in
monkeys. In case this pilot study brings out some useful results, the
project is likely to be extended further. The project has started with
effect from April 1978.
5. Two Training Fellowships for developing Badio-receptor test for very
early detection of normal and abnormal pregnancy-Bs 3.0 lakhs.
DrS. M. Shahani of TN Medical College, Bombay. in collaboration with
Dr K. R. Laumas of AIIMB, New Delhi is working on a project for
developing the Radio-receptor test for very early detection of normal
and abnormal pregnancy. Once this test is developed and perfected it
will not only be useful for ascertaining the state of pregnancy within
a few days of its occurrence, this test will also be useful in various
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clinical trials being carried out with contraceptive substan~s such as
anti-pregnancy vaccine. Two Training Fellows are being appointed
one to work with Dr S. M. Shahani and the other with Dr K. R. Laumas.
6.' Dr Chander Prakash-Rs 1.75lakhs.
Fellowship for three years to work at PGI Chandigarh to conduct studies
on certain immunological aspects of reproduction. The semen delivered
into the female genital tract has many immunological antigens in the
form of proteins-still it does not' produce any immunological response
in normal female.<;·.Dr. Prakash will be studying. the "inhibitors" which
safeguard against immunological semitisation of the female with a view
to utilise this information for producing infertility.
Dr Chander Prakash has returned from abroad and the project started
with effect from May 1978. .
7. Dr Jaishri Sengupta and One Training Fellowship-Rs 3.75 lakhs.
Senior Fellowship for Dr Jaishri Sen~upta and another Training Fellow-
ship have been awarded for working under Dr S. K. Manchanda of AIIMS,
New Delhi, to study the mechanism of steroidogenesis and other metabolic
changes taking place in the blastocyst (fertilised ovum) so that this
information can be utlilised for developing methods which may result in'
non-implantation of the fertilised ovum.
The project started functioning with effect from May, 1978.
Additional Fellowship Awards
In addition to the above 7 awards two more Fellowship applications, to
conduct studies on the following projects, are under active considera-
, ti~n of the Foundation, and are likely to be approved in the near future:
1. Dr P. Govindarajulu-Rs 3.0 lakhs.
Fellowship for three years to carry out studies on "Contraception fo~
Males-Studies on Epididymis" to find out the mechanisms-hormonal
as well as biochemical-which help in the maturation or capacitance
process of the sperms, while they are stored in the epididymis, and thus
study the mechanism of their survival and the development of their
.fertilisation capacity.
,2. Dr Somnath Roy-Rs 3.53lakhs.
Award of a Training Fellowship for three years under Dr Roy to conduct
studies on "Male Anti-fertility Agents in Human/Subhuman Primates".
These studies are aimed to investigate the effects of Cyperoerone acetate
and other anti-fertility agents on spermatogenesis and the maturation
of sperm in epidydimus and vas deferens.
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This project is jointly financed by the Family Planning ~~oundatiorl(Rs 4
lakhs) and the Ford Foundatiion (Rs 16 lakhs).
•
Current
Status
This project represents a very important research on contraceptive
technology in the world today. The antipregnancy vaccine approach is
based on the induction of antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG), which is an early product of conception and is essential for the
implantation of fertilised egg. The antibodies formed thus lead to the
termination of pregnancy at a very early stage.
The vaccine has been tried on animals as well as on human females.
These studies have brought out the following results:
(1) Animal trials have given very good results producing antibodies
against chorionogonadotropins (CG), and not resulting in any cross
reaction against Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
This is an important observation as some doubts had been expressed
whether this vaccine, in addition to HCG, would also cross react with other
gonadotropins like LH. No toxic effects were also observed in these animals,
(2) Phase I trials with this vaccine carried out on tubectomised human
females have confirmed the results obtained in the animals. Good antibody
titres were obtained and no toxic effects seen. As a result an ethics
committee cleared this vaccine for clinical trials on human females.
(3) The clinical trials carried out on some normal women with the first
batch of vaccine prepared for this purpose, have not proved very effective,
as effective antibody titres were not produced in all such females, and
also pregnancies oocurred in some cases.
The Worker feels that this is due to defects noted in the binding of BHCG.
Further studies are heing carried out to correct this.
(4) New batch of vaccine has been prepared and sent to some centres
for further clinical trials. Results are awaited.
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Plans (or
Future
Studies
(5) Female and male Baboons have been obtained for studies with this
vaccme, as in these primates reproductive responses are more akin to
human (which is not the case in monkeys). Breeding atte~pts on these
animals in the laboratory have proved successful. Vaccine trials on female
baboons are being carried out. There is suggestive evidence of a certain
level of success having'been achieved already.
(1) Experiments are being conducted to find out whether instead of
BHCG, any of its components-especially some synthetic - ones can
produce similar results. The results obtained so far are not very hopeful.
(2) Studies to find out if tetanus toxoid ('IT) can be replaced by some
other combination. This may also increase or decrease the duration of
immunization, and will also be useful in those subjects who have allergy
ofTT.
(3) Studies have also been undertaken to find out any adjuvants for the
immune response.
Rs 5,00,000 (The institutional Development Research Centre, Canada i3
also assisting the project, more particularly in the foreign exchange
component of the work).
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Director, Dr. V. Ramalingaswami.
Submitted by DT Ranjit Roy Chaudhury, Professor & Head of the Department of
Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research,
Chandigarh.
.
Background
31
Frofessor Chaudhury was invited to deliver Dr B. C. Roy's Memorial
lectures by the Calcutta University on Reproductive Biology and contra-
ception. He had requested for an assistance from the Foundation as
publication support. The publication. would be undertaken after suitably
revisIng and reorganising the lectures. The publicaction would be useful
to the scientists and non-scientists working in the field.
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Contraceptive pharmacology has direct relevance to fertility control.
These lectures, representing the quantessence of one of our foremost
biomedical scientists, would fill an important gap in the field of Contra-
ceptive Pharmacology.
Methodology
& Objectives
The chapterization of the lectures would be :
(1) Oral contraceptives; (2.) Injectable contraceptives; (3) Intrauterine
contraceptives; (4) Anti fertility plants; and (5) Recent Advances in other
areas of contraceptives.
The above work would reflect recent advances in the field of reproductive
contraceptive technology and identification of the new leads to be followed.
It would also review some of the future researches that are being planned
by different individuals and organisation.
,
Current
Status
Background
32
The Report has be~n received. After preliminary technical scrutiny
it was found necessray to rewrite the same. Dr L. Ramachandran of
the Gandhigram Institute of RurafHealth and Family Planning has helped
in rewriting of the report ..
The basic thrust of the project was to identify local women living in ithe
slums and train them into effective pregnancy counsellors. The programme
of pregnancy counselling consisted of family planning education, motiva-
tion and as part of this, counselling on abortions was conducted for
unwanted pregnancies. Apart from doing worthwhile education aild
motivation work for the; acceptance of one of the several family planning
methods, this project was able to help 80% of the pregnant women in
not going to quacks for real or ;imaginary abortions. Most of these were
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cases of delayed menses: Pregnancy tests which were developed as part
of the project helped in this process. The,training given was both health
education and social .work oriented, the former by the hospital staff and
the latter by the School-ofSocial Work.
This is one of the projects where an attempt has been made to develop
a community level worker for family planning and MT'P in'the urban
setting. This is in keeping with the new trend to develop community
level WOl ker for development in general and health and family planning
in particular.
A pre and post-evaluation of the project has brought out the fact that
a general awareness and motivation for family planning resulted in the
eligible women\\ as a result of such a counselling; this gradually led to
incre~sea adoption of 'family planning measures, including M.T.P. and
sterilisation. The report would be shortly disseminated.
Backgro1Dld
33
The project attempts to define a new category of multi-purpose middle
level worker (the community nurse) who mediates between the doctor'
and the community and could also provide supervision over the com-
munity health workers. It also aims to evaluate the training programme
of these workers and develop a model for widespread use.
aSeven' students have completed three years of training and undergone
six month internship. The final repOrt on the project has been com-
pleted by Dr Chandy with the 8S1?istanceof Dr Ravi Narayan of the AU
India Institute of Medical Sciences. The project report would have a
direct bearing on the current interest in developing community-oriented
health and family planning services. With the Government's decision,
to train an equivalent category of middle level health workers (Health
Assistants), who will provide supervisory and referral services between
the "doctors" and the peripheral workers (Health Workers and "Com-
munity Health Workers), the project report would have impact on the
development of their training programmes. The report would be shortly
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- Budget
Dr Jacob Chandy was assigned the project as an individual. However,
or Chandy organized the project with the medical departm.ent of Church
of South India.
Action Research Project on Community Action for a Programme of
Integrated Health and Family Plan.ning.
ThE>proJect hopes to find out the extent to which voluntary orgimisations
can assume the responsibility tor organizing health and family planning
programmes, to develop the methodology to enable voluntary organisa-
tions to launch programmes of health and family planning through
voluntary clinics and to assess the improvement in family planning
acceptance when the services are integrated with health care activities.
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning provided
consultancy services to the project by organising a trainin.g programme
for the project staff, helping them to draw up an operational plan and
providing continued research guidance. The proiect suffered a setback
because the inputs expected from. other sources did not materialize and
there were also some difficulties in obtaining sufficient base line data for
programme planning. Th ijnal report of the project has been completed.
It has been sent to experts for their comments. The project director
now has been requested to revise it in the light of their recommendations.
The revised versionlof the report is expected shortly. The project has
as one of its innovative dimensions, the identification of local community
workers for working in the project and to further asse..<:s'theireffedtive-
ness. The project also discovered a local herb "Banjhauri" which
reportedly acts as a contraceptive agent. As the clinical trials carried
out by the Sukhodeora Ashram have provided suggestive evidence of its
effectiveness, scientifically controlled studies are being planned to assess
its efficacy.
Further, based' on the experiences of this pilot study, the Gram Nirman
M'andal, Sokhodeora Ashram has planned to carry out a more compre-
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hensive project for organising Health & Family Welfare Services with
community participation and involvement of modern and indigenous
systems of medicine for the Block which is being processed by the
Family Planning Foundation
Duration
The project ~sbeing organised by the Foundation.
Background
35
This is a project for 'identifying and defining a community worker
throL:gh a programme of case studies and seminar. There is a basic
thinking now going on in India and other developing countries restruc-
ture the health care system with a view to make it more corpmunity
oriented. Currently, the health care system has a high technology
orientation and 'an equally narrow clinical approach. These have not
helped ;to bring health care services to the people. What is require(i
is the establishment of a vital link between the source for services and
the people. One of the mechanisms for such a, purpose is 'to identify
a suitable community level worker who can undertake both the health
and family planning responsi1?ilities in the context of a more responsive
and community oriented health care system. There have been a number of
project experiences in India which have experiinentations of an effective
kind of functionary at the grass' roots level. Some of these are: Jamkhed
project in Maharashtra, Tilonia project near Ajmer in Rajasthan, Palghar
project in Maharashtra and village health care project in Oddanchatram
in Tamil Nadu.
The project. consists of preparing case studies of project experiences by
the person incharge of the programme together with another outside
individual with adequate background and qualifications. This should
provide an effective and useful case study of each experience. There
would be also an int'ernational case study of like experience. These would
be discussed in a seminar to which the policy makers would be invited,
so that certain directions may be identified for incorporation in the
governmental policy of the country.
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Current
Status
The material on case studies have been gathered. The seminar will be
held towards the end of 1978.
PROJECT No. 19
Reference No. 112
Action-cum-Research Project on Diff~rent Aspects of Medical Termination
of Pregnancy Having a Bearing on Family Planning.
Current
Status
This project has been undertaken in collaboration with the State Govern-
ment of UP and based on 30 of its hospitals in the State. The main.
objective is to study the factors which influence the' acceptance of services
pertaining to MTP and to find out if the provision of proper equipment
can improve their level of acceptance. The other dimensions of the
study are--to make MTP an effective part of family planning services
and also understand the profiles of the abortion seekers. Such informa-
tion would go a long way 'towards improving the response to legally
available measures for abortion.
The Foundation has suppplied thirty government hospitals in UP with
standard MTP equipment and is now authorising a research institute to
analyse the data through modified case cards from these and other
hospitals.
The Foundation is interacting with the Planning and Management con-
sultancy and Data System' Corporation of UP Ltd. for conducting work
in designing the project as a demonstration one and also to evaluate it
Title
36
PROJECT No. 20
Reference No. 111
Community Welfare Centre for Women and Children. (A Project for
Integrating Family Planning with Health Care).
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Current
Status
Budget
Institution
37
One of the greatest drawbacks of any community located in congested
slums is poverty. This inherits many social evils caused by illiteracy,
unemployment and under-employment, low income, lack of medical care,
over population, extreme conservatism etc.. Whenever any change is
initiated in such areas, especially among women, the problem invariably
faced is one of infrastructure. In such situations, family planning strategy
does not have any effect unless there is an improvement in the. health
and general welfare of the people. The Princess Esin Women's Educational
Centre' proposed a demonstration project in Purani' Haveli, Hyderabad,
a low-income, predominantly Muslim area of the city which fulfils the
above conditions of backwardness. The Centre, as part of the project,
proposes to provide a comprehensive welfare programme of health,
educational and occupational training facilities along with family planning.
It would contribute greatly towards creating awareness of population
problems and motivation for smaller families.
It is proposed in the project that 1,000 families are taken up in the
initial stage. This will later be expanded to another 5,000 families/in
the course of three years in stages. The project envisages utilisation
of students and staff of School of Social Sciences and staff of Centre of
Child Education
The base lme survey inter-alia would identify the women leaders. It
will also help in working out staff requirements for the project. It
would suggest various inputs to make it self-supporting after a period
of 3 years when the Foundation would discontinue its funding. It will
also furnish valuable data for long term planning and extension of similar
services to other localities.
The Princess Esin Women's Education Centre will collect the base line
data through a survey of the community. The data would provide the
basis for designing the demonstration programme.
The cooperation of the students and staff of the school of Socal Sciences
recommended an additional grant of Rs 6,000 which has been approved
by the Foundation. The Foundation has disbursed the first instalment
and the preliminary work has begun.
Rs 16,000
Princess Esin Women's Educational Centre, Hyderabad.
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A Pilot Project on Health, Welfare and Education with special emphasis
on Population Education.
Current
Status
The main aim of the project is to develop a comprehensive programme
.of health, family planning and population education along with welfare
activities and to assess its impact, both in the short and long term, on
popular attitudes arid behaviour. Ways of imparting comprehensive health
education as a built-in component of the activities of the hospital will
also be studied. An important feature of the programme is the training
of school teachers as innovative health workers (Rehbar-e-Sehat).
The staff of the project has been appointed and the preliminary com-
munity survey work has been completed. On the basis of the findings
of the survey report required health services are being provided. The
staff is currently engaged in preparing the training material ~r teachers.
After its completion the actual work of training the teachers will be
taken in hand.
'
Background
The project attempts to provide total health services through a voluntary
hospital and to assess the extent of improvement in the acceptance of
family planning and the extent to which voluntary hospitals and clinics
can take up such programmes. The project is based in Narendrapur, a
southern suburb of Calcutta, which has a predominantly agro-industrial
population.
.
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The report on socio-Economic demographic survey is complete. It is,
however, weak in its research component. The Foundaion would consider
providing research infrastructure while examining its potential for con-
tinuation. The action part of the project also did not pick up in time
due to the clinic orientation of the project as a whole. The survey
report prepared for the purpose of the project was also inadequate. It
is now being recast to reflect community orientation. This will be useful
for the second phase of the study.
Rs 1,86,000 (includiDgRs 36,-000 for consultancy services)
District Development Demonstration Project in Madurai District-
Dindugal Divi~ion,Tamil Nadu.
Dr L. Ramachandran, Director, Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and
Family Planning-Ambathurai, Madurai.
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning has for
some years been involved in innovative family planning programmes. It<;
action research project promoting Health and Family Planning in Athoov
Block covering a population of 1,20,000 in Madurai District is one such
project, In this project, besides raising the health standards of the local
population in the area, a substantial decline in birth rate from 43 in 1959
to 27.4.in 1975was achieved. On the basis of the Athoor model the Institute
has prepared an action research project covering an entire division con-
taining 10 blocks with a population of 10 lacs for demonstrating its
replicability. The Institute received from the Tamil Nadu Government
a grant of Rs 14.39lacs against a request for Rs 18.82lacs. The Institute
raised Rs 1.12 lacs on its own and to meet the balance of Rs 3.30 lacs
approached the Foundation. The amount was primarily required for
research and management inputs.
The project basically attempts at integrated health care in and through
the existing system of a primary health centre. It is an attempt to
improve an existing system without making any radical changes. The
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· Methodology
& Objectives
project is important because it is the replication and extension of a suc-
cessful experiment. Its lessons, if successful, would have lessons beyond
district level.
The overall objective is to test the replicability of Athoor project, using
the existing infrastructure for improvements. This would be done through
tl;lefollowing operational objectives:
(1) Integration of function of the workers and supervisors at the PRC
and District levels, using the organisational strUiCtureof the multi-
purpose worker's scheme.
(2 Development of effective referral services.
(3) Development of methodology and pattern of work for PHC personnel.
(4) Development of modern management cells among supervisors and
medical officers at district and PHC levels.
(5) Use of intensified and imaginative communication, educational and
motivational strategies.
(6) Ensuring coordination and involvement of community and other
developmental agencies.
(7) Involvement of Community leaders, Voluntary Organisations, dais,
indigenious medical practitioners, teachers and voluntary workers.
For the study, eight blocks in the Dindugal Division have been selected.
These have been divided 'into two streets each of 4 blocks. In one"Sroup
of villages communication methods and education will be tried out and
in the other set of villages no such inputs will be introduced. This would
help in evaluating the effectiveness of the multipurpose workers scheme
and the impact of management cells in a comparative frame work.
Current
Status
The Gandhigram Institute has taken steps to approach the State and the
Central Government. It is hoped that the State Government may sanction
an additional amount of Rs 3.30 lacs or Central Government may explore
the possibility of arranging the funds within its resources. The Founda-
tion is awaiting their response and only in the event that nothing comes
out from any official source, it will release the amount. The Gandhigram
Institute has recruited the required personnel for the project and the
first phase of the study is underway.
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Social Work and Research Centre (SWRC) is a field agency involved in
integrated rural development programmes for the last four years in Tiloni::t.
(District Ajmer). Its main thrust is to link modern technology with:
rural needs through people's participation at all levels of planning,
implementation arid supervision of programmes. As a step to achieve this
aim, it has trained eight village health level workers (VLHW) to provide
basic health services and maintain records - of vital importance in the
village. They also work as motivators for better living in terms of health,
sanitation, nutrition and family planning as part of overall rural deve-
lopment programme.
SWRC now plans to work out an effective family planning programme
by giving suitable training to the village dais and health workers. These
trained personnel will visit village homes and provide not only basic
services but also motivate the people into accepting small family norms.
With the integrated efforts of VLHWs and expanded dispensary services,
the SWRC aims to bring down the fertility rate.
\\
The Foundation has sanctioned a planning grant to prepare an operational
design for the project with the assistance of an expert/institution after
visiting the area.
The project will be designed to achieve the following objectives as part
of a programme of integrated rural development:
(a) to train village dais, so that they may conduct deliveries hygienically
and also render suitable' and effective advice about family planning,.
antenatal and postnatal care;
(b) to organize and conduct camps for vasectomy and tubectomy based
on education and motivation;
(c) as part of overall rural development programme, it aims to reduce the
infant mortality rate and instil confidence among women about the
survival of their children, which would motivate them to adopt small
family norms;
(d) finally, it aims to lower the birth rate through regular family planning
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Current
Status
s~.tvices and educational and motivational work. If undertaken, this
is an important research-cum-action project by a voluntary organi-
sation. I.dentifying the methodology involved would be an important
element. It will also help to identify problems in:
(i) recrUItment of dais;
(ii) their training;
(iii) diffi.cultiiesfaced by them in the field;
(iv) extent of interest they can evoke in the people. ".
i,,'" ',;
i;~
The Foundation deputed two experts, a senior officer in the Ministery of
Health and Family Welfare and a Social Scientist to suggest ideas for
designing the project. Their main recommendations are:
(a) some additional medical personnel are required before the team may
become adequate for family planning;
(b) to improve voluntary acceptance of family planning through extension
education, which has been specially analysed in the field;
(c) there is a need for bench mark survey to demarcate control and test
areas, develop evaluation tools and measure the impact in a longi-
tudinal manner;
(d) in order to develop the areas as a demonstration project necessary
expertise in terms of social science and statistics will have' to be
provided;
.
I
(e) services of a short term consultant would be necessary to prepare the
research proposal.
The Foundation is currently interacting with a number of experts for
designing the project and the needed initial survey.
Title
42
Reference No. 101
(--~
"wet(
Developing Effective Maternal and Child Health Services in Rural Areas
in India.
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Current
Status
The grant is for designing a project proposal to develop a model for the
selection and training of paramedical personnel who have an aptitude
for intensive work in villages and who ar;: socially and culturally accept-
able to the community they serve. The proposal is based on a study
of the experience gained at var:ious places (like Jarnkhed and Tilonia)
where similar programmes are in operation. The study also takes into
account the existing pattern of health care, cultural beliefs etc. of the
concerned project areas.
Dr Vijay Kumar has visited a number of places where innovative family
planning particularly training programmes have been in progress. The
project proposal based on survey and initial testing of ideas has been
received for financial assistance by the Foundation. This was discussed
with the froJect Director particularly for suitable amendment or modifi-
cation of the project plan to bring it in line with the type of health
infrastructure envisaged by the State authorities for such rural areas.
The Prpject Director's further response is awaited.
Reference No. 211
/
Background
43
The ~emjnar was organized in March 1975 and a report on the same has
been published by the Indian Council of Child Welfare. The report
contains the general proceedings and the recommendations of various
Committees. The SeJ;Ilinar provided a forum for discussion among
students, lecturers, parents, social workers, social scientists, demographers
and others. The Seminar was characterised by keen and intensive debate
about several areas related to sex education
The salient feature was that it not only defined sex education in a more
rational and candid manner, but also made a number of practical sugges-
tions for introducing sex education into the school system, as also into
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Current
Status
to commission a case study of a programme in India along these lines.
This could later be merged or ;coordinated with the international study,
such as the o~e undertaken by the International Council of Education
D~cl~moot
'
The projet developing case study is of the Jamkhed Project (Rural Deve-
lopment, Health and Family Planning Project) in Maharashtra. Dr
Y. P. Singh has completed a part of the project report. 'The report was
presented at the National Workshop on Integration of Population Educa-
tion and Agriculture Extension held on 22-27 May 1978 at' Bangalore.
It was well received by the participants.
Title
Director
Background
Functional literacy and family life planning education.
DorM.P. Dadhich.
This was a grant for designing a project of Adult Education for Women
with focus on family planning. The project also, visualized economic
activities as part of the overall programme. Part of the grant was
utilized.
The project was not continued in view of the unpreparedness of the
organization-Bikaner Adult Education.
Out of a grant of Rs 5,000 only Rs 1,500 was spent. The project has
been considered withdrawn for the above mentioned reason.
Title
52
Preparation of Two Manuals on "The Delivery of Fertility Control
Methods".
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the social-cultural life of Indian society. The report also highlighted
iinportant areas for further research and study.
Workshop on "Developing Integrated Material on Family Planning
Education" .
Background
The materials prepared by the Workshop have been received. The attempt
in this workshop has been to provide accurate information on family
planning, sex and contraception fOFthe neo-literates in Hindi. Twenty
persons participated in the workshop--writers" vistialisers, artists and
population experts. The booklets have been utilized by the Hindi speaking
States--MP and Haryana have shown more than ordinary interest in them.
Background
44
The picture entitled "PARVATI" is of 20 minutes duration. It stresse~
the importance of family planning and status o'f women in the context
of social change taking place in the village. The t'ransition from tradition
to modernity is portrayed in a woman who seeks a higher status in the
prOcess asserting herself in a traditional family. She has only daughters
which makes her· strUggle all the more challenging. The woman doctor
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Current
Status
is depicted in the picture as the Person who stimulates change in the
.outlook of Parvati.
The film has won the National Award as the best promotional film for
1977.. Discussions are now going on with the Government to have the
film on the compulsory circuit.
'
Direotor
Prof KM Sharma of the M. S. University, Baroda is acting as the
Consultant and Mr D. K. Sharma is the Chief Organiser.
Background
The project aims to develop a training programme for young rural leaders
with actual or potential interest in development issues to involve them
in programmes which support and promote acceptance of family planning
This is important because a resist~t population is more likely to be
influenced by the opinions of local leaders than by what it considers are
vested interests from outside.
The project was undertaken by the All India Panchayat Parishad with
Prof K. M. Sharma of the MSUniversity-(School
of Social Work,
Baroda) acting as a Consultant. It was originally confined to the train-
ing of male community leaders but it was. later decided to hold a training
camp for women leaders as well. However, this was dropped because
of the 'elections. A number of institutional and peripatetic training
camps were held after considerable delay. A preliminary report
submitted was examined by the Foundation staff, and comments and
suggestions were sent to Prof K. M. Sharma, Consultant for preparing
the final report. The same is awaited.
Institution
45
All India Panchayat Parishad, New Delhi (President Mr L. S. Tyagi).
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Title
Population Education through Agricultural Institutions ~veloping Role
Definition and Role Commitments of Agricultural Institutions in Population
Education.
Director -
\\
Background
Dr Y. P. Singh.
The general failure of family planning progranune suggests the need
for a broader framework of action Unless population issues are linked
with economic development activities a breakthrough would be difficult.
In a 'predominantly rural country like ours, the econo~c activities are
more agriculture oriented. If the resources of the agricultural universities
and training institutes are tapped properly they could play a very
important dual role in their extension education programmes. A well-
planned education programme which can effeCtively link population
issues to those involved in general economic developmen~ especially
with regard to nutritional and health status, is" needed. An important
incidental point that emerges is that the target population of such a
strategy would be predominantly _male, and therefore, an .important
factor in decision making.
The problem can be visualised as one of introducing new but compatible
roles in agricultural institutions, developing tl}eir commitment to these
roles and integrating these in their total role.
The plan will be implexnented"first· on a pilot scale: a demonstration
project for expanding the role of th~ present agricultural institutions to
include population education. If the project 'achieves significant results,
it could become the precursor of a large scale use of agricultural" institu-
tions for population education with the help of governmental and possibly,
international agencies. The role of the Foundation in this case becomes
doubly important, because in addition to financing the actual demonstra-
tion it could also be developing the methodology involved.
(a) Conducting a status study of the agricultural institutions in the
\\
country with regard to their goals, resources, programmes and their
interest in population education;
(b) locate entry and intervention points in this system for the population
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Current
Status
education 'programme envisaged;
(c) develop a concrete intervention plan of action;
(d) implement this plan of action; first, on a pilot scale using an appro-
priate agriculture institute as the base.
Informal discussions havebeen held to locate the project at the
IARI with Dr Y. P. Singh as Director. Progress has been rather slow. r
The"Foundation may need to make alternate arrangements.
~""
"Communication for Social Marketing: ~ Methodology for developing
Communication Appeals for Family Planning Programme" A Publication
Grant.
Submittetl'1Jy Dr Labdhi Pat Raj Bhandari,
"Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
Background
Importance
The study is a doctoral thesis. In order to disseminate the study widely,
partic\\tlarty among people ihvolved in family planning, Dr Bhandari
approache4tbe Fou~ation for financial assistance for its publication .
.~,..•.. , ~.'
. :...,~!" ,.
,)~~.<
The study. i~an important .one from the point of view of methodology
used. !t useS the SQcialmarketing approach for developing family plan--
ning messages. First, the study recognises the influence of value syst~ms
of the people on their own attitude and behaviour t and utilises the~· in
desigJ:rlng communication messages. Second, it develops and t~sts a
methodology that empirically generates the value dimensions and oQtains
~.the·relationship bet~n-values and familyplcmninS, as perceived by;
be<~thetarget population:'i:'lurd, itgenerates~substanti~e message that can
used for family planning communication campaign.
Methodology The study was Conducted in Jodlrpur District of Western Rajasthan where
& Objectivess.ix wards were chosen for urbiiftc interviews and seven villages-,drom
two tehsils f9r rural study. In all 400 persons. were selected rmwomly
47
from the lists' of eligible couples prepared by Family Welfare Department.
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They were split up evenly between rural, and urban areas, male and
female respondents and users and non-users of family planning methods.
The method used was oral interviews using a semi-structured
questionnaire.
Current
StatuS
(i) to test the suitability of the instruments and methods for data
collection from both urban and rural respondents;
(ii) to test the viability of using value responses generated by respon-
dents during interview sessions; and
(iii) to investigate the viability of this methodology to generate sub-
stantive recommendations for potentially effective communication
appeals.
The book is being published by the Macmillan Company of India who
have been given a subsidy in order t6 reduce the price· of the book.
Dr Bhandari currently working at Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad
Title
Directors
Current
Sta-fus
48
\\
Family Planning Communication for Young Rural Married Couples.
Mr R. Jain and Mr A. Srivastava.
The project aims at developing a media strategy for family planning com-
munication for young, married rural couples, based on two phases of
work. Phase I involves an indepth study of a village community in U.P.
to understand attltudes to family planning; an evaluation of a large
number of existing media materials to determine the kind of material
and media best suited for the purpose; a study of field workers to ascertain
their functions and problems. In Phase II, CENDIT envisages developing
prototype media for testing as part of a total developmental programme.
The report on Phase I & II has been completed. Rs 36,000 has been
sanctioned to produce a 20 minute black and white film on family
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planning based on the study. The shooting of the film is complete. Rest
of the process is underWay. The family planning message has been put
across in a folk song by the local folk theatre. The publication of the
• study will be brought out in a popular form.
~
Rs 1,73.000.(For Phase I ~d ll)
Centre for Developmentof Instructional Technology(CENDIT),New Delhi
CoItlDlis-
sioned by
Project
Director'
Developing Programme of Information Dissemination and Motivation in
Population and Family Planning (A project for involving community
leaders in population through innovative programmes of communication).
Mrs Rami Ch!labra
.(
The pr,oject has been visualised in the context of the extant Crisis in
family 'planning. The field workers in the Department of Health aDd
Family Welfare are demoralised, especially in ,the northern part of the
country. Another disturbing' fact is the lack of politiC81will and com-
initment on ~e part of the leaderslUp. There is, therefore, need for
developing appropriate family plaI1l1ingmessages for reawakening interest
in family planning among the leaders' at all levels, more partict1larly, at·
the political leveL The project is being designed with this particular
focusin mind.
The project js essentially a response to a critical need when the family
planning is in the' state of near paralysis. One of the critical sna!Js is
the lack and interest and will of political leadership. The project
dynamically organised and effectively.implemented, would become a
timely and meaningful exercise. The material prepared and programmes
organised under the project would sensitize important sections of public
opinion and would help in creating an atmosphere in favour of family
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planning. This may help in rehabilitating and developing family planning!
programme in a more earnest and serious way.
Methodology
& Objectives
Current
Status
to·..··• .
~::i
c;.:,'
(. .,;.
(1) to relegitimize family planning by informing and educating the
community leaders, particularly the leadership at legislative; political
and policy levels; and (2)'to create a sense of continuing interest .on the
part of the leadership in problems of population as part of the overalll
development of the country. Selected material would be processed and!\\
reorganised and made persuasive in character for leaders like the legis- i
lators and other community and opinion leaders. There would be pro-' :
grammes of an imaginative kind towards this end. The mass media: 1
I radio, T.V.and newspapers, would be helped to develop dynamic com- •
munication programmes. -
.
-j
The project envisages close involvement with the Foundation's work
particularly in raising its visibility, preparing a quarterly bulletin on and.
about Foundation's work, help Foundation with its editorial work
_j-
of manuscripts for publication.
_\\
1
The Project Director has rec~ntly been appointed. For other infrastructure ,
t4e Foundation is interacting with research organisations and universities. -
Innovative Approach for the Creation of Demand and Promotion of'
Community Involvement and Participation in Family Welfare Planning
Programme. An Experiment with Mother's Club/Mahila Kalyan Mandals.
Dr (Miss) Amita Burdhan and Dr D. C Dube.
~
Though the national family planning prograrxune began in 1952 and has
reached practically aU'the urban and rural centres, it has yet to make
a sjgnificant demographic impact. A stage has reached when it is
imperative that it be converted into· a people's programme through local
institutions of the people. Programmes of this kind have been success-
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Current
Status
fully used in other countries such as Philippines and the Republic of
Korea. In India, institutions like the Mahila Mandals eXist, but no
serious att~mpt has been made to involve ~hem in family planning pro-
grammes. The present proposal envisages a practical model for gal-
vanising the Mahila Mandals and similar organisations.
The planning grant is sanctioned to enable NIHFW to prepare a project
design outside it:; field practice area (in a State like UP OT Rajasthan)
to make the demonstration more realistic and replicable. The objectives
would be spelt out cogently in the design. Mothers being the prime
target of family planning programmes, their involvement in any action-
cum-demonstration project geared to the overall objective of involving
people in the programme is important.
As women and children constitute the most relevant groups of the popu-
lation in relation to family welfare planning, the project proposes to
concentrate on securing the active support of local women's associations
for the programme.
The reorganisation of the NIF)' and NIHAI resulted in some delay. The
NIHFW has appointed a Project Director for taking up the project. The
funds have been diSbursed and the work has started. The report is
likely to be completed by the end of this year.
National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi-NIHFW
(Dr Sharad Kumar).
Analytical Case Study of an Innovative Programme in Population and
Family Planning.
The Foundation, as a preliminary exercise to bringing out a number of
Case Studies which would be evaluative, descriptive and would provide
the core of empirical evidence of alternative educational approaches for
bringing about acceptance of small family norms. considers it appropriate
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Current
Status
to commission a case study of a programme in India along these lines.
This could later be merged or ;coordinated with the international study,
such as the ope undertaken by the International Council of Education
Development.
The projet developing case study is of the Jamkhed Project (Rural Deve-
lopment, Health and Family Planning Project) in Maharashtra. Dr
Y. P. Singh has completed a part of the project report. The report was
presented at the National Workshop on Integration of Population Educa-
tion and Agriculture Extension held on 22-27 May 1978 at' Bang~lore.
It was well received by the participants.
Title
Director
Background
Functional literacy and family life planning education.
Dr M. P. Dadhich.
This was a grant for designing a project of Adult Education for Women
with focus on family planning. The project also visualized economic
activities as part of the overall programme. Part of the grant was
utilized.
The project was not continued in view of the unpreparedness of the
organization-Bikaner Adult Education.
Out of a grant of Rs 5,000 only Rs 1,500 was spent. The project has
been considered withdrawn for the above mentioned reason.
Title
52
Preparation of Two Manuals on "The Delivery of Fertility Control
Methods".
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Importance
of Project
The medical infrastructure is not well equipped to cope with the increasing
requirements of family planning because of its lack in surgical manage·-
ment and other skills. Though at the same time lot of literature has
been written and published on the population problem there remains a
dearth of know-how regarding the provision of services. This is of
immense practical relevance to the administrators and field staff. The
present proposal hopes to prepare literature on the acceptability, screen-·
ing and total management of the field staff.
It will help in bridging the gap between the doctor and the field workers.
It will also help in improving the quality of care of clients by proper
selection of workers and follow-up.
Two separate Manuals will be produced; one for physicians/surgeonsl
administrators and the other for field workers.
(a) The 'couples-in need', in any given target population;
(b) The fertility control measures of relevance to population programme;
(c) The management of Nirodh and oral contraceptives through field
workers;
(d) The management of different kinds of sterilization techniques;
(e) The evaluating criteria of fertility control methods.
'Current
Status
(a) Planning field work;
(b) Selective education to target couples;
(c) Screening for different methods of fertility control;
(d) Fertility control methods;
(e) Follow-up system of each method;
(f) Self evaluation.
Th~ sanction was conveyed to the Project Director, subject to
the provisos (i) that the budget is within Rs 15,000 inclusive of cost of
printing, and (ii) that the literature will be in two languages-namely,
English for 'doctors and Hindi for field workers. Presumably, because of
other preoccupations the Project Director delayed the working on the
project; later she had no interest in it. Therefore, the project has been
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Title
Brief Study and Review of the Non-Projected Aids Having a Bearing
on Population and Family Planning.
Background
The importance of using non-projected aids for the purpose of education
and motivation in family planning is being increasingly realized. A
planning grant for this purpose was sanctioned with a view to review
all the material produced on the subject of population and family
planning, so that a project proposal for developing non-projected aids
may be considered. Informal discussions are going on for identification
of a suitable institution for the above purpose.
Current
Status
Budget
54
(i) content analysis of the themes contained in various messages;
(ii) how far are the messages related to the performance aspect of the
family planning programme;
(iii) indentify various organizations that bring out the material;
(iv) how far the communication materials have a bearing on family
planning techniques and practices and are related to educational
aspects;
(v) what are the implications for developing more effective aids.
The study will confine itself to the material produced in Hindi by the
Government of India, State Governments and the organizations like FPAI
and PRAl.
In view of the lack of interest on the part of the Literacy House to respond
to the initiative of the Foundation, the project has been withdrawn.
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Current
Status
The focus of programme attention with regard to family planning has
been, by and large, on married couples of reproductive age. But demo-
graphically and sociologically, and also from a long term point of view,
the about-to-get-married and the newly-married are as, if not more,
important. Keeping this important aspect in mind, the present project
was supported so that a population education programme suitable to this
critical age group is initiated. The project was for a period of three years
and had been assigned to the All India Panchayat Parishad.
The basic objective of the project is to develop motivational methodology
and social technology to popularise small family norms among village
people who do not go to school.
The initial survey of the project area was completed by Prof Mavlankar
with the assistance of research staff. Later on, the Rural Development
Department of Ahmednagar College was contacted to provide consultancy
to devlop the demonstration project. Although they showed initial
interest, further response has not been very cooperative. AIPP has also
not shown adequate initiative in the matter. The project was reviewed
with a view to assess its potentiality for continuation. The project, in
spite of the initial survey aRd the advice tendered by the special task
group, the AIPP has not been able to muster enough will and support
in the area to undertake the project with requisite itnerest and desire.
The failure of the Rural Development Department of the Ahmednagar
College to act as consultant on research side has also made the Foundation
take a cautious attitude towards continuing the project through AIPP. The
Hoshangabad experience with the AIPP on another project reported else-
where was also none too happy. Hence it has been withdrawn.
Institute
55
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Action Oriented Innovative Projects in Organised Industries for
Developing Models.
Current
Status
The Foundation hopes to· develop four or five projects for use in the
family planning strategy in the organised sector. The idea of the st'udy
is to evolve flexible and workable strategies for family planning wo,rk
for specific industries as also the community around them.
Mr Deolalikar visited a number of industrial sites in the country for
ideas for designing the projects. On the basis of the material available
and the extent of cooperation from the managements of the industries,
he was able to design three project proposals to be based in: (i) Madhi
Sugar Cooperative, Surat District (Gujarat); (ii) A group of small indus-
trial units in Aurangabad Industrial Complex, Maharashtra; (iii) Hindustan
Organic Chemicals Ltd., in Rasayani (Maharashtra).
Mr Deolalikar has submitted three proposals for considerat~on by the
Foundation. An overall report is presently being prepared. The report
would inter-alia suggest special strategies for family planning work.
Follow-up work was held up because of the stalemate in family planning
However, Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd. in Rasayani has shown more
positive interest.
The project was undertaken by Mr Deolalikar who is a Consultant to
the Operation Research Group, Baroda.
Director
56
Comprehensive Labour Welfare Scheme (inclUding No Birth Bonus
Scheme)
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Current
Status
The UPASI experiment has already generated much worldwide interest
in its attempt to study the impact of deferred incentives through the No
Birth Bonus Scheme (NBBS) on fertility. In addition, the estates under
NBBS and some of the others, were also under the Comprehensive Labour
Welfare Scheme (CLWS), which included medical care, creches, labour
clubs and primary schools. The aim of the project was to establish the
most effective methods in motivating plantation workers to accept family
planning and total improvement of the welfare of the family.
The report on the first three years of the project claimed considerable
reduction in fertility. However Dr (Miss)A. George and Dr K. A. Pishoroti,
who studied the report for the Foundation felt that though the action
part of the scheme had been successfully implemented, the research com-
ponent needed strengthening. They recommended a fresh analysis of the
available data and of specially collected new information to quantify
the impact of the NBBS supplementing the CLW scheme. They stressed
the need for a cost benefit analysis. The Foundation has sanctioned
Rs 50,000 for a detailed and scientific evaluation of the UPASlproject
along the lines mentioned above. Prof (Miss) A. George has agreed to
act as a consultant. The report is expected shortly. The Governing
Board has suggested to Evaluation Committee to examine the project
and advice if further assistance is necessary.
Directors
The Family Planning Foundation is coordinating and organizing the
project.
Background
57
The grant is for carrying out five preparatory studies in different types of
industrial situations, with a view to developing suitable project propOsals
for family welfare programmes for women in the organized sector.
Informal interactions are currently underway with an international
organisation for collaborating with the Foundation for joint funding
subject to the concurrence of the Government of India.
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Current
Status
(i) Frof K. M. Sharma of MS University for New Industrial Complex
in Baroda (For construction labour). .
(ii) Dr Prodipto Roy of Council of Social Development, New Delhi
(For the CoffeePlantation in Coorg).
(iii) Dr T. S. Wilkinson of Hislop College, Nagpur (For Industrial Units
in or around Nagpur).
(iv) Dr H. M. Sharma of CMAI (For the Jagadhari-Yamunanagar
Home based metal industry).
The proposals from" Dr K. M. Sharma, Dr Prodipto Roy and
Dr T. S. Wilkinson have been received. The fourth is awaited.
Council of Social Development, Hislop College, Christian Medical Associa-
tion of India and School of Social Work (MS University of Baroda)
Commissioned by the Foundation.
Background
58
The study has been completed and published by Sterling Publishers Pvt.
Ltd. in 1977, under the authorship of Prof C. N. S. Nambudiri and Prof
B. R. Sharma, both (at the time of he project period) of the Indian Institute
of Management, Ahmedabad. After critically examining representative
50 .industries in the country, in terms of -their administrative, organi-
sational and other aspects, the study identifies a special strategy for family
planning for the industrial sector, within the existing programme and
policy of the government. As a sequel to this study, six case ~tudies of
successful programmes of family planning in the industrial project sector
are now under preparation. These would also be published. This has been
undertaken by Dr J. K. Satia, Dr Nirmala Murthy and others on the staff
of the Institute of Management.'
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Curren!
Stz:tus
This is a case study of a project to popularise the rhythm-cum-tempera-
ture method in a Calcutta slum by a Catholic Organization-Nirmal Hriday.
Mother Theresa is the head of the organisation. The method was claimed
to be a very popular and effective and the Foundation decided to evaluate
these claims and the technical feasibility of the method and· its accept-
ability among the slum dwellers.
The report on the project has been received and is being rewritten on.
the basis of conunents of experts. The main thrust of the comments
is that the success of the method is more to be found in the high motiva-
tion with which the nuns and the women wO'rkedunder the doctor, Sister
Pauletta. Also a well-knit suitable organisation was developed for the
purpose. The efficiency of the method per ~ is not conclusive.
The report is being revised on the basis of conunents of the experts for
publication.
Background The Study has been completed. Action on its publication and dissemina-
59
tion is under consideration and decision will be taken on the basis of
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Current
Status
experts' recommendations and suggestions. The, study deals with the
mass vasectomy campaign organised by the Government of Gujarat in
1971and 1972. These were organised based on the approach used earlier
in Ernakulam, Kerala. The study includes the analysis and evaluation
of factors that lead to success in family planning in Gujarat through
mass approach. The study also includes understanding of the role of
various orgaisations and the profiles of acceptors apd non-acceptors. This
study pinpoints the organisational dynamics of the campaign and its
success due to decentralization of authority and responsibility. The!
project was partially supported by the Government of Gujarat.
The report of the study in the cyclostyled from has been widely circula-
ted to disseminate its rich experience among the planners, executors and
researchers of the family planning programme.
Background
The report of the project has been received and is now under scrutiny
for publication or such other action as would be needed for dissemination
of the findings.
The study, undertaken by Dr K. G. Gangrade of the Delhi School QIf
Social Work, aims at identifying the context, methods and programmes
of population education suitable to college students~ The study was
~arlier undertaken by Mr. Pradip Dalal. It was commissioned for making
it more relevant and comprehensive. The project design is based on
a survey of the students and staff and understanding the infrastructure
of four colleges of the University. For sometime now, work has been
done on population education in relation to secondary and lower level
students. This would be one of the first attempts at population educa-
tion for students at the college level.
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Background
Budget
Institution
.This project is a re-analysis of various studies of the wastage of children
per couple (foetal wastage to infant mortality). The study is confined
to Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya and Andhra Pradesh. It has a direct
bearing on the survival of children, a crucial factor in family planning
acceptance. The study goes into such areas as the nature of infant and
childhood mortality among male and female offspring, pregnancy wastage
in relation t9 family planning acceptance and estimates of pregnancy
wastage rate in relation to socio-economicand demographic characteristics.
The report of the study has been published in a book form.
Rs 51,200.
Centre for Social Development, New DeIhL
Title
Study of Sex Differentiation in Parental Attitude Towards Female
Children as Indicated Through Child Bearing Practices.
Background
61
This is a review of the literature on children, more particularly the
different treatment meted out to female progeny in an Indian family.
The report has been received. The status review revealed that the
literature on children is mostly confined to feeding and child rearing
practices and there are practically no studies on differential treatment to
the female children, although this is an obvious fact. A large study based
on the findings is anticipated in future. This study was directed by
Mrs Baig when she was the President of the Indian Council of Child
Welfare.
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Title
Study of the implications of Incentives and Disincentives in Family
Planning.
Background
The report has been received and is being processed for publication.
The study deals with: the population policy with its stress on incentives
and disincentives for promoting higher target achievement. An overall
view of the relevant literature on the subject has been made. Imple-
ment~tion of the scheme in different states has been critically examined.
It also reviews the working of the schemes in other countries for' a com-
parative study. Detailed analysis of the specific measures in respect of
social legislation, administration and organisational structure has been
made. Orientation of field staff, target population, and change in their
attitude has been assessed. The study makes several recommendations
fdr the success of the programme to the policy makers.
Title
Publication of a journal of the FP Activities of the Christian Medical
Associationof India (CMAI).
Background
62
The CMAI through its family planning project of about 350 Christian
Missionary Hospilals has been carrying on family planning work with two
thrusts; to stimulate and galvanize family planning in the various hospitals
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and to experiment with innovative ideas in family planning, The CMAI
was helped to bring out a special bulletin coveri~ apart from the
history of family planning work, the innovative efforts in family planning.
The report has been received and has been distributed widely to all
missionary hospitals, non-Christian private hospitals and State and Central
Government departments of Health and Family Planning.
Survey of Family Planning Education in the Schools of Social Work
in India.
Background
63
The survey undertaken by the Association of Schools of Soci~I_Workhas
been ~ompleted and the mimeographed report has been circulated to
all the Schools of Social Work in the country, the Central and State
Departments of Social Welfare, and others. This report stimulated
interests in professional social welfare circles to seek a more meaningful
involvement in social work with specific reference to population and
family planning. It also resulted in the organisation of a Hational
Summer Institute' and seminar on the subject which the Foundation
funded.
The survey "is on the status of population and family planning in the
Schools of Social Work with specific reference to teaching, field work
and research. It also goes into the question of employment of trained
graduates in social work.
The report brought out the level of interest of the faculty in population,
the strengths and lacunae of the existing involvement and what steps
should be taken for increasing the involvement of the schools in the
population issue. One of the serious limitations found was that the
faculties were not adequately sensitized to the need.
The survey provided the core' papers for the Summer Institute and
Seminar on the subject.
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Background
These are three status reviews of research in areas of population, namely,
the behavioural, demographic and biomedical aspects. The study on
behavioural sciences was undertaken by Dr Udai Pareek and Dr T. V. Rao
of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad; the one on demo-
graphy by Dr S. P. Jain, former Deputy Registrar General of India;
and the third one, on biomedical aspects, by Dr G. P. Talwar, Professor
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences. The three
volumes in the series have been published by Tata McGraw Hill. All
three volumes have been well received. The scientific community in
particular has welcomed these publications.
At the time of commissioning the project, the number of studies on
management having a bearing on population were negligible. Since then,
however, many studies have come up. The Foundation has commissioned
a study on the same.
Reference No. 432
Status Study of the Family Planning Component in the Urban Com-
munity Development (UCD) and other Implications of Family Planning
Pt:0gramme in India.
Undertaken directly by the Foundation (Prof J. C. Kavoori).
Background This is a study of the earlier experiences of the urban community deve-
64
lopment projects in a few cities and of the new programmes of slum
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Current
Status
clearance to develop programmes of population and family planning
for the urban areas and more particularly for their slum components.
The literature on UCD and slum clearance has been analysed and the
final report is being prepared This study is con.•bined with' a survey
of the literature on environment and human settlements and the develop-
ment of a strategy for the same. This is expected to result in suggestions
for effective work in family planning in the urban setting and more:
particulafiy the slums. The report writing is in progress.
"The Correlates of Muslim Fertility in an Urban Setting: A Case Study
of Kanpur (City". (Publication Grant).
The work represents a doctoral thesis presented to the Indian Institute
of Technology, Kanpur. It focusses on the dynamics of fertility behaviour
among Muslims in an urban environment. The author had approached
the Foundation for a publication grant.
The study is one of the first of its kinds in social sciences with focus
on fertility behaviour among Muslims. It is o~real interest to the demo-
graphers, social scientists and family planning workers who are interested
in working among the Muslims. The study provides valuable insights
into social and fertility behaviour, especially as this is a hitherto un-
explored area. Studies in fertility behaviour of Muslims are practically
non-existent.
Methodology
& Objectives
The study was undertaken in 22 predominantly Muslim areas (Chaks)
in Kanpur City. A random sample of 350 married couples were chosen.
Two different schedules, separately for husband and wife were used.
Besides, semi-structured schedules were used to collect information from
community leaders and other influentials.
The author as part of the objectives has made an attempt to evaluate:
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Current
Status
(a) actual fertility performance and practice of differential fertility;
(b) norms about family size;
(c) knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning; and
(d) lastly to integrate ,all those demographic and su-uctural variables
for getting a comprehensive picture of -the processes which affeci
fertility behaviour of the Muslim group under study.
The book is under print by the publisher who has been given a subsidy
by the Foundation with a view to reducing the s~ling price of the book
to ensure as large a readership as possible.
Earlier, the literature on population research done in India had not been
reviewed. Its basic strengths and limitations were not known. There
was a felt need that such a review be undertaken. The Foundation
Commissioned three studies on (1) demography; (2) behavioural sciences
and (3) bie-medical sciences. All these studies were well received by the
research community. There was also a suggestion to initiate a similar
study on management. To fulfil this need the Foundation commissioned
the fourth volume on Management.
The study will be a survey of management literature having a bearing
on Family Planning. The report is expected shortly.
Institution
66
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Background
This is an assessment of the' present status of population education in
schools, the available infrastructure for the purpose, the efforts made
in this direction by different institutions, and content of population edu-
cation. The study includes both population education and sex-education.
Current
Status
The final report on the project is expected shortly.
Importance
The project was assigned to Dr Asha A. Bhende. She is working· as a
Professor at the International Institute of Population Studies Bombay.
Since there has been some delay in the project, Dr Bhende is being asked
to update the data and the final report may reflect the latest thinking in
the field of population education.
Title
Director
Population Policy-2000 AD-A Study of the Relationship between
Population and EconomicDevelopment.
Dr V. A. Pai Panandikar.
Centre for the Policy Research, New Delh(
Background
67
Over the last few years there has been a considerable concern with the
long term implications of the growth of India's population on economic
development and the quality of life for its masses. In particular, various
scenarios have been prepared which depict a high level of malnutrition
and starvation deaths in the country. However, there is dearth of policy
oriented studies of a more direct kind, although some of the studies do
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identify certain implications for population policy. In the proposed
project which has a critical focus on population, alternative population
scenarios would be worked out. These would identify, if it would be
possible to meet the minimum needs of the people at all earlier period:
also the implications for reduction in inequality, the implications of eco-
nomic growth and sustained policy support to bring about a reduction in
fertility.
The study would have value for policy-makers. It would help them
inter-alia in determining the normal variations in economic and popula-
tion structure with the level of development in the different states. Such
an exercise would be new in the Indian context.
Methodology The study would attempt to answer some of the basic questions related
& Objectives to population and economic development, such as-
(i) Is it feasible to bring about a more effective relationship between
economic development and population growth, especially of econo-
mic indicators on population policy ?
(ii) What is the relationship between population growth and the ability
of the country to provide minimum needs to the people within
next 25 years?
(iii) Whether relationship can be established between higher incomes
and the reduction in the rate of population growth ?
(iv) Study the factors designed to improve the quality of life, not only
in term of the minimum needs but the other items as well for
the population over the past 25 years;
(v) The study would also look into the aspects of quality of the internal
security that may have a bearing on the question of population
growth. By its very nature the study will be highly policy
oriented and would attempt to develop alternative scenarios keeping
in view the various basic objectives. A study on these lines has
]J.ot been undertak~n so far. Therefore, an inter-disciplinary con-
ference will be called to prepare a position paper which would
try to spell out the nature of the study.
The study would be revised again at a Conference of administrators,
politicians, policy-makers and academicians. The final study would incor-
porate the suggestions emanating from this conference.
Current
Status
68
The Centre for policy Research has completed the preliminary work and
is c~rrently engaged in organising the multi-disciplinary conference to
discuss its position paper.
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Current
Status
India's rapid population growth is going to limit very severely the free-
dom and choices of investment in various sectors of the economy in
the next 25 years. A population of one billion in 2000 AD or 750 million
around 1990 will leave India with very little option in any direction
because of the overall constraints. Population distribution and density
will vary from one region to another, accentuating the already existing
regional imbalances. The fields that are contributory to such trE7ndsmore
particularly th(!)searising from population growth, need to be identified
to help policy decisions. The Foundation, therefore, commissioned a
project to study the implications of population growth in India by 2000AD.
The project was originally envisaged in three parts leading to the pub-
lication of three volumes on the subject. However, by mid-1976, Prof.
Mitra felt that the marked interruptions in the course of progress of the
five year plans made it impossible to identify firm long-term trends in
any sector of the economy and it would be unwise to build on short term
trends. As such, he undertook to write a book not giving another set of
projections, but focusing on the quality of population. The manuscript
entitled "India's Population: Aspects of Quality and Control" has been
completed and is under print: The study focuses on the need to improve
the quality of the Indian population.,if not as a pre-condition to, at least
simultaneously with, effoctive control measures. Various aspects of popu-
lation quality are considered and include infant mortality, sex ratio,
causes of death, ed,ucationallevels, employment levels etc.
The project is assigned to Dr Asok Mitra, working at present in the
Jawaharlal Nehru University as a Professor. He has also undertaken
an ICSSR project which constitutes phase II of the present study.
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Background
The primary aim of the project is to explore the nature and extent of
legislative support to population policy, analyse lags between law and
policy to examine various alternative policies.
Current
Status
(a) examine the national population policy from various angles, namely,
political, spcial and economic with reference to needs as weJ.I as
means;
(b) analyse the existing frame-work of law having a bearing, real or
notional on population policy; _
(c) evaluate the legal frame-work with reference to explicitly stated aims
of legislature;
(d) identify and analyse the intended as well as unintended consequences
of the legal frame-work;
(e) exercise the administrative support available for implementation of
the laws;
(f) examine the scope to frame laws to encourage family planning;
(g) examine the areas of conflict between different laws so asito identify
need to be attuned to population policy;
(h) examine gap between policy and legal frame-work so as to identify
areas needing legislative action.
Though the work was almost complete and the report was received in
1976, it was thought to update it in view of the massive sterilization
programme during the emergency period. For this an additional grant
of Rs 52,000 was sanctioned. The project was, however, withheld as it
was considered to be too early to undertake a meaningful comprehensive
study on this particular subject. It· has now been decided to undertake
immediately a further reStricted study on laws, executive orders, schemes
etc., before 'and during emergency. On its completion a national seminar
may be organised to create national awareness of population problems
with particular reference to law. The second phase of the study is current-
ly underway.
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Current
Status
Directed and organised by the Foundation in collaboration with the
Indian Association for Studies of Population, New Delhi with the
help of a Task Group.
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and
Family Planning Foundation have provided funds for the preparation of
a Monograph on the population of India. This is to be prepared on the
basis of a general design for all the countries in the region. The Executive
Director discussed the general approach of the project in October 1976
with the ESCAP.
The aim is to prepare an exhaustive study with developmental relevance.
The subject matter covered in the monograph would include growth and
distribution of population, age and sex, literacy and education, economic
activities, house hold and housing, mortality, marital status and fertility,
family planning, prospects of population growth and interaction of
population trends with social and economic background.
With a view to expedite the preparation of the monograph the Indian
Association for Studies of Population and the Family Planning Founda-
tion are working together. Authors of various chapters have been
identified. A meeting of the authors was called to design and delineate
areas of study. The study' is likely to be completed by the end of 1978.
It is joint collaboration between the Foundation; United Nations
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and; the Indian
Association for Studies of Population.
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Background
This is a detailed re~iew of past population policy in India with a view
to determine the relationship between the evaluation of government policy
on population and family planning and trends in population behaviour
and attftudes, the type and extent of communication down the political
and administrative hierarchy and the actual implementation of the policy
at the lowest levels. Such a study was considered essential to determine
the rationale behind population policies and to suggest ways in which
they could be better linked to overall developmental policies.
Current
Status
Dr. D. L. Sheth is currently acting as the Director of the Project. Dr
Ali Baqar is currently working on the project. The data is being gathered.
The Foundation has received the first two position papers of the project.
The first paper deals with the population policies-process, organisation,
communication and implementation. The second paper deals with the
history of the family planning programme. In the current year field
work in two states will be undertaken and on the basis of its findings one
or two workshops and seminars will be organised. All these will provide
the basis for the final report.
.
Commis-
sioned by
Problems of Family Planning during Emergency and its Policy and
Programme Implications for Future Action
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Project
Directors
1. Dr Pradipto ROY,Pcroject Director and Coordinator, Council for Social
Development.
2. Dr Rajni Kothari, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies.
J. Dr V. A. Pai Panandikar, Centre for Policy Research.
4. Dr P. B. Desai, Institute of Economic Growth.
The above mentioned have been acting as advisory group for the project
and Dr Chitra Sundram is working as Field Officer and Researcher for
the project.
The above project came up as a result of the deep concern felt in the
Foundation about the crisis in family planning that had enveloped the
c01.!Jltryduring the emerg~ncy and soon after the elections. A special
meeting of some of the members of the Governing Board, Advisory Coun-
cil, Advisory Panel and a few other experts was called to advise the
Foundation about the possible role that it could play, not only to put
back family planning on the rails but also to learn lessons from the
excesses committed in the implementation of the family planning pro-
gramme. One recommendation of this group was the commissioning of
a study on the subject to be undertaken with the help of leading experts
in the countrty.
This would be a timely study, especially when the Government is finding
it difficult to revitalise the programme. Though a number of enquiries
and studies have been commissioned. by the Government, this study
would be different. It would attempt to take a broader cross-section
of events in four States--Maharashtra, Andhra, UP and Haryana-in
order to make policy and programme recommendations. The study of the
authoritarian methods and processes used during emergency would be
of ut'most importance for their feedback value for dynamically reorganiz-
ing family planning in future.
Methodology
& Objectives
The project envisages a two phase study: first, a cross sectional study
in four Stat€s-Haryana, UP, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh; followed
by an action learning phase, which would bring together for discussion
and study policy makers, programmers and people from the larger com-
munity concerned with and involved in family planning. For the first
phase a purposive sample of 300-500 couples in rural and urban areas
would be drawn from four districts which had an intensive sterilization
programme. A purposive sample of 100-200 staff members of the moti-
vational machinery, para-medical and medical staff concerned in all four
States would also be interviewed.
In the second phase, rural and urban people, the medical staff and
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Current
Status
officials of appropriate government machinery would be actively mvolved
in a systematic examination of family planning programme. Based on
such an examination they would be ask~d to suggest what should be the
new direction that the family planning programme should take. The
findings of the first phase would be fed into the second phase.
The overall aim of the study is to learn practical lessons lor future policy
and action. The documentation and analysis of excessive enthusiasm
operating in an irrational framework, done in a selective and purposive
w~y would serve the above objective.
Prelimin~ry design of the study has already been prepared and the teams
have visited four states for preliminary meetings with officials and non-
officials. The work on the first phase is well underway. On the advice
of the Governing Board only three States are being studied, namely, UP,
Maharashtra and AP. A new dimension has been added to the study,
namely, the identification of voluntary organisations, cooperatives and
panchayats in the States, to see how they can be galvanised in reactivating
fam:iiyplanning.
Submitted by Dr M. Kodanda Bao, Senior Lecturer, North Eastern Hill University,
Shillong.
Background
74
One of the interests of the Foundation has been to promote the idea
of viewing the population problem from a regional perspective, recogniz-
mg the fact that it differs from region to region; To encourage this
approach the Foundation interacted with the North Eastern Hill Uni-
versity d~EHU) for developing a population programme which could help
in sensitising the people of the area about the problem from their own
perspective and approach. The population problem in the region is not
so much one of population growth as of stabilisation in relation to
lesources. The proposal submitted by Dr M. Kodanda Rao was a maiden
attempt in that direction.
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The above study is important from a regional stance, particularly from two
points of view: (1) it is an attempt to introduce an imaginative new
method in a sensitive area and (2) it has an experimental value for deve-
loping regional approaches to population and family planning.
Methodology
& Objectives
The primary data will be collected through questionnaire- and schedule,
while genealogical charts and case studies will be prepared for the collec·-
tion of empirical data regarding the life styles and situations in family
organisation.
Current
Status
(a) the changing family structures among two selected matrilineal groups
of North East India, namely, the Khasis and Garos of Meghalaya;
(b) the impact of some aspects of social demography on the changing
family life among these two tribes; and
(c) the extent of influence of factors, such as birth. rate, age at marriage
and family life on their standard of living, employment, education
and housing.
A Diachronic Study of Changes in Contraceptive and Fertility Behaviour
in a Tamil Nadu Village and Its Eight Harijan Hamlets during the!
Decades 1956-76.
Contraception is being increasingly adopted by all sections of people
though the exact data is not available. Moreover, a definite decline in
all vital rates has also taken place as a co~equence of the reorganised
heajth and family planning programme in rural areas.
It is high time to undertake a study in-depth of the processes of change
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in general and fertility behaviour in particular to verify at the micro-
level several hunches regarding the national family planning programme.
Prof A. Aiyappan proposes to undertake the above study in Manguda
Village near Poonamalle Health Centre in Chinglepet District, ,Tamilnadu.
The village has a high propor.t!ion'of Harijans. The study would help in
determining how far the small family norm has been internalised in
rural Tamilnadu and what are the critical points in the t1ransition from
traditionalism to modernism. This study is envisaged as a fertility
behaviour study as part of a social change process.
Methodology
Out of total of 1,900 eligible couples, about 1,000 women and 500 men
will be selected on random basis in the study population. The data will
be collected through interviews and participant observation.
Current
Status
(a) changes in infant and child mortality patterns, contraception, and
fertility and rate of urban migration;
(b) changes in the RAP of different contraceptives;
(c) the relative importance of officials, including their recruitment, train-
ing, role-playing and changes in the style and methods of work;
(d) rural non-official agents of change in general and promoters of
family planning in particular;
(e) institutional agencies of change in the context of rural development
and population control; and
(f) the perception of clients about the various change agents.
Design of the study has been completed and the work has begun. Earlier
data is also being processed as part of the overall study.
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Current
Status
The project aims at studying the inter-relationships of socio-economic
variables, inputs in the family planning programme and the success of
the programme, in order to identify the factors responsible for regional
differences in family planning acceptance.
Work on the project has been completed and a report is expected shortly.
On the basis of this, the Gandhigram Institute envisages a second phase
of the project on the economic value of children.
A detailed proposal on the second phase has been received. The Foundation
has agreed, in principle, to pay for the second phase to the extent of 50
percent, provided the Gandhigram Institute raises the balance from other
sources. The second phase..assistance will, however, be considered after
the first phase report is received.
Motivation for Planned Parenthood-A Preliminary Study of Muslim
Families in a City.
Current
Status
,This is a study-cum-action project to identify the factors which motivate
some Muslim families to adopt a planned approach to parenthood and res-
trict the size of their families and others to have six or more children.
About thirty Muslim families belonging to three different social groups
have been chosen for detailed investigation. This would be a methodo-
logical study and would provide basis for a larger study.
Data gathering is in its final stages. The report was expected in Septem.,.
ber 1977. However, there has been considerable delay in writing the
report because of the fact that some of the families under study were
dislocated during and after emergency. After reestablishing contacts
with them, the data gathering has been completed. The report is expected
shortly.
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Current
Status
Developing a Programme of Research in Population and Family Planning
from a Sociological and Behavioural Point of View with Pqrticular
Refere~nce to Urban, Tribal and Rural ~Communities.
Dr M. N. Srinivas and Dr E. A. Ramaswamy (for rural
Dr A. R. Desai (for urban study);
Dr Roy Burman (for tribal study).
study);
These are three reviews of the existing basic sociological literature which
have relevance to population and family planning. The review will also
identify lacunae and prepare a trend report. It is expected to provide
some insights into the problems of family planning from the behavioural
sociological point of view and help in generating interest among the
behavioural scientists.
The rural study was assigned to Prof M. N. Srinivas and
Dr E. A. Ramaswamy. The final report has been received, commented
on very favourably by experts and has been published. The studies on
the urban and tribal areas are underway with Dr A. R. Desai and Dr
Roy Burman as Directors. Their reports are expected by the end of
<xtober 1978.
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Current
Status
This is a detailed anthropological study of family planning in a rural
setting with special reference to (a) value orientation vis-a-vis family
planning methods; (b) the decision-making process and (c) the role of
modernisation in the adoption of family planning. It is based on a West
Bengal village whose population comprises 15 Hindu castes, Muslims
and Tribals.
There has been an inordinate delay in preparing the final report because
of the two transfers of the Project Director. The report is being ex-
pedited.
Dr A K. Danda has taken up the programme in his individual capacity,
but with the permission of the Anthropological Survey of India.
Background
The project undertaken directly by the Family Planning Foundation.
(Prof. J. C. Kavoori)..
This is a study of the fertility behaviour of 60 pO,orwomen living in
slums in six cities/towns of Northern India-Delhi, Kanpur, Indore, Agra,
Meerut and Lucknow. Six women social scientists each studied ten
women ot reproductive age. Twelve of these women were analysed in
greater depth for the preparation of detailed case histories. There would
be a methodological study which will not only suggest methods of study-
ing the fertility behaviour, but also relevant areas of research. The field
work has been completed and the material is being analysed for prepar-
ing the final report. The report is expected to be ready for publication
towards the end of 1978.
Institute
79
Family Planning Foundation.
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Current
Status
Organization of Simultaneous Eye-cum-Family Planning Camps and a
Study of their Mutual Impact.
The programme was organized collectively by the State Bank of India
employees, Family Planning Foundat,ion and Lok Kalyan Samity,
Badarpur.
Eye Camps and Family Planning camps have achieved a good measure
of success wherever they have been conducted separately. It was thought
worthwhile to see if combining the two in a single campaign produced
better results than the individual performance.
A &imultaneous six day eye and family planning camp was held in
Badarpur near Delhi in 1976 at which time questionnaires were adminis-
tered to medical and para-medical staff and to the visitors (patients and
non-patients). Dr (Miss) Amita Bardhan of the National Institute of
Health and Family Welfare'had analysed the data and prepared the report.
While the data is insufficient to be conclusive the report categorically
3uggests that jointly organised family planning· camps particularly for
patients with eye-disease, can be successful only when there is an
advance preparation and publicity. The report is inconclusive. A more
vigorous study with appropriate methodology and conceptualization may
be necessary. This is being explored.
Background
80
The project aims to evaluate the role and effectiveness of mass steriliza-
tion camps in an urban setting. The Corporation of Madras decided to hold
six vasectomy and tubectomy camps aimed at reaching the urban poor
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Current
Status
and using the urban infrastructure. The nature of the organization of
the camps would have a strong research base to permit on the spot evalua-
tion of all possible programme aspects. The Foundation has also sanc-
tioned an additional sum of Rs 5,000 for designing a longitudinal follow-up
study on the basis of the experience gained.
~"
The Corporation of Madras held the camps during 1976 and early 1977
and their impact has been evaluated by the Gandhigram Institute of
Rural Health and Family Planning. The report on the project has been
received. It is being examined by the experts. On receipt \\of their
comments follow-up action will be taken.
Rs 1,04,000 (including Rs 30,000. to cover expenses on research and
evaluation)
Round Tables, Madras and the Madras Municipal Corporation-8pecial
Officer, Mr T. V. Anthony.
Title
Establishing a Private Out-Patient Fertility Control Clinic in the Rural
Area.
Background
The work of Dr D. N. Pai in Bombay at the Pearl Clinic has been known
for its effective organisation and management of abortion services as part
of an integrated family planning programme. The programme is a self
paying one. Dr Pai has been asked to prepare a project proposal based
on'his urban experience but suitable to rural areas.
Current
Status
The proposal based on a survey is awaited from Dr Pai.
Pai's Family Hospital, Bombay. Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
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Current
Status
The work of Dr D. N. Pai at the Pearl Clinic, Bombay has certain innova-
tions about it. It is one of the most effective clinics for abortion services
as parJ and parcel of overall family planning service. It is a self-paying
programme and is known for its effective organization and management
aspects apart from providing highly satisfactory surgical and other
clinical services. It was considered necessary that the experience at
the clinic is' recorded in the form of a case study for its educational and
other uses.
It is based on the'review of the work done through records and reports
and on the basis of interviews with Dr Pai and others. The objective of the
case study would be to bring out the managerial and organisational
aspect of a successful institutiQn in the field of family planning.
The Foundation commissioned Dr Rathinder Nath Roy to prepare the
case'study. The case study has had the approval of Dr D. N. Pai. The
case study is providing the base for a feasibility study, to replicate the
Pai Model. The Feasibility study envisages work in ten cities.
Background
82
Primary Health Centre is providing the functional services for which it
was created, making special reference to family planning. It studies
one unit in each of the twOPrimary Health Centres operating in Karnataka
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Current
Status
through field surveys, analysis of secondary data and interviews. It is
expected to provide guidelines for family planning activities at the PHC
level and also indicate how it would be a manageable unit for health
administration with family planning as a part of it.
There has been considerable delay i~ the project due to the departure
of Dr N. V. R. Ram' from .the Institute. However, it has now been taken,
up by Prof A. K. Sahani and Prof M. R. Pejavar and their report is ex-
pected shortly.
The Third Annual Conference of the Indian Association for the Study
of Population (IASP).
Submitted by Professor P. B. Desai, President, Indian
Population, Delhi.
No. of
Approximately 150participants attended the Conference.
Participants
Background
The financial assistance to tl;te !ASP has been interalia in the nature of
institutional support with a view to its developmental capabilities. This
was the Third Annual Conference of the !ASP. The overall theme of
this conference was "Population and Development", a subject which is
timely and relevant-in terms of the current attempts to relate family
planning with the developmental programme at the Government of India
level.
Importance
83
IASP is seeking meaningful involvement in developmental policies and
programmes of the country in the context of the population problem in
India. This conference was a further step in this direction. One of the
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aims of the Conference was to encourage population research among
young demographers in developing their capabilities through their parti-
cipation. This has been one of the priority areas of support for the
Foundation.
Objective &
Methodology
The Conference had in all four technical sessions. The topics which were
discussed were: (i) Population Policy Statement; (ii) .Population and
Employment; (iii) Population and Minimum Need Programme; and
(iv) Population and Area Planning.
The other aim of the seminar was to. bring distinguished academicians
from universities, research institutions and related government depart-
ments from all over the country together to suggest ways and means to
bring the family planning programme back on the rails.
Current
Sta,tus
Background
The youth of the country could be properly organized for developmental
purposes. Indian Youtp Population Coalition (IYPC) in the south is
trying to play a stimulating and coordinating role among' students and
youth organisations which are engaged in different nation building acti-
vities, especially population and development work. The Foundation has
given financial assistance to set up a Task Group to evolve and develop
project proposals in the field of family planning which the Foundation
and others could assist financially.
Objectives
84
The Task Group aims to study in depth the objectives and plans of action
of IYPC. It will identify issues and areas where IYPC can provide
leadership for youth and students in population and development; identify
the projects and programmes for IYPC and spell out the means and· stra-
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Current
Status
tegies of implementation; outline courses of action and develop a methodo-
logy for the development of IYPC both as a coordinating body and as a
directly operating agency in the field of population.
The meeting of the Task Group was held in February 1978. The report,
and the plan of action is awaited.
Background
The report of the Seminar has been received. After the review of the
Seminar report, it was decided to support four zonal seminars of a,
slmliar kind but ensuring larger participation. The final report of all
the seminars will be Rrepared, when the zonal reports are ready.
The thrust of the seminar was to initiate a dialogue between Sarvodaya
workers and population experts. This was considered a necessary pre-
liminary exercise before defining the Gandhian approach to the population
problem .. The Seminar set the pace for a more open and a clearer position
of Sarvodaya in relation to population. The Seminar reiterated the need
to control runaway population growth. It also took a more liberal stand
with regard to family planning methods: while it preferred self-control,
it appreciated the need for individuals, to choose their own methods.
Title
85
Seminar and Summer Institute in Family Planning for Social Work
Education.
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Background
The seminar was organized by the Association of Schools of Social Work
(ASSW)-President, Dr K. N. George, and Director of the Seminar Dr
S. H. Pathak.
The ISSWI organized the Institute and the Seminar. The Institute was
attended by most of the Directors of the Schools of Social Work, and the
Seminar by the faculty of the school. The focus of the Institute was
making social work socially and developmentally relevant and the
Seminar went into the issue of family planning education as part of social
work education in depth.
The Seminar has made a number of suggestions and recommendations to
the School of Social work and the departments of Social Welfare, part}-
cularly in reorganizing professional social work education to reflect
population concerns.
Title
Establishing a Mechanical Tabulation Research Cell for the Family
Planning Programmes of the Christian Medical Association of India,
Bangalore.
Background
86
The grant was sanctioned to enable the Christian Medical Association of
India (CMAI) to analyse the vast amount of data collected under its
family planning project. On the basis of the results from this, the
Foundation would consider helping to develop a research cell at CMAI
to cater to the requirements of not' only the CMAI chain of hospitals, but
also of other hospitals in the voluntary sector.
Data processing machines have been installed by IBM. A code list has
been prepared. The cards of the sterilised persons have been completed
incorporating all the demographic characteristics of acceptors. The cards
have now been punched and verified. A tabulation plan has been worked
out.
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Current
Status
The data analysis is almost complete and a report is expected shortly.
A research proposal has been submitted to the Foundation for its assis-
tance on the basis of data arising out of the analysis .
Current
Status
.
"Demography-India" is the first journal of its kind in the country. It
highlights ,the demographic aspects of social and economiC development
in the Indian context. The journal is a forum for research and evaluation
in population and family planning and related fields like sociology, social
psycholog,y, biology, genetics, public health and medicine.
Seven issues of the journal have so far been brought out. These have
been well received in India and abroad. The !ASP is now trying to publish
the magazine regularly as a biannual issue and also to attain financial
self-sufficiency. The Foundation's- support would be gradually reduced
as the journal becomes self:"supporting in five years. Arrangements have
recently been made to publish and distribute the journal through com-
mercial channels.
.
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Current
Status
On the basis of experience gained at a National Seminar of Gandhian.
Workers and Decision Makers in the Sarvodaya Movement held at
Varanasi in December, 1972,it was decided to organise four zonal work-
shops to enable grassroot Sarvodaya workers to understand the impor-
tance of family planning in terms of Gandhian Philosophy and support
the programme.
The Gandhian Institute has so far organised three seminars at Calcutta,
Lucknow and Poona. These seminars have helped several voluntary
agencies to come together for family planning work. At these some indi-
genous contraceptive methods were suggested in the eastern and northern.
zones. The fourth seminar was cancelled because of 'unsuitable atmqs-
phere in 1976. An overall report is awaited.
Developing Population Programmes for North-Eastern Hill University
(NEHU),Shillo~.
Director
Background
Work for supervision and direction will be evolved by the University.
I
The family planning programmeJn India is much too strait-jacketed and
far too uniformly conceptualized and programmed to be really effective
in the various situations which exist in India. With a view to evolve
practkal kinds of programmes, it is necessary to help evolve regional
approaches to family planning. If the resources of the universities and
research institutes are tapped properly, they could playa leading role
in the furtherance of the programme. The role of the Foundation
becomes important because it will get replicable designs for use in
similar areas.
Objectives
Possibility of the university playing a meaningful role in the population
field is to be explored. Involvement is envisaged in keeping with the
university's forward-looking attempt-to seek for itself an effective
community.
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Current
Status
Interactli.onwith the Vice-Chancellor of the NEHU has resulted in a deve-
lopment, namely, the Foundation's assistance be utilized to sensi-
tise their (1) adult education department to incorporate population con-
cerns in the non-formal education programme and; (2) help the uni-
versity through the work of a task force to develop related programmes
as a need of stabilization of the region. Work on these approaches is
being continued.
North Easter~ Hill University. Commissioned by Family Planning
Foundation.
Publication of the Special Issues of Urdu and English Quarterly Journals
"Islam Aur Asri-Jadid" and "Islam and the Modern Age" with the Family
Planning Themes.
. Submitted by Islam and th~ Modern Age Society, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi.
The 'Islam and the Modern Age Society' had submitted a pilot project to
study, educate and motivate family welfare among Indian Muslims. The
Foundation sanctioned a planning grant to cover expenses on survey, travel
and incidental expenses involved in the project. However, the project did
not materialize. Now, the society has requested the Foundation to con-
vert the above grant for publishing special issues of "Islam Aur Asri-
Jadid" and "Islam and the "Mqdern Age" an Urdu and English Journal
respectively. The Society is of the view that the purpose of the com-
munity will be best served if scholars are requested to contribute articles
in Urdu and English on the family planning theme, for the special issues
of the above journals. For this they may be suitably paid. The Society
is regularly publishing the above journals for the last 8 year~ The
Ulemasas well as educated Muslims contribute to the Journals. Publica-
tion of the special issues will serve the purpose of educating the readers
about the need for small family norms in the Muslim community.
Current
Status
89
The Foundation has disbursed the grant and the Society has taken preli-
minary steps for releasing the special issues. Both the special issues
are expected to be published in the year, 1978.
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Involvement of Private Medical Practitioners in the National Family
Planning Programme.
Current
Status
The Indian Medical Association planned to intensify efforts to involve
its members in providing family planning education, motivation and such
services as doctors are trained in and can undertake, especially in the
rural areas. This pilot study aims at fact finding in one or two districts
in Uttar Pradesh for developing a methodology and mechanism for in-
volving the private medical practitioners.
The ,IMA has submitted the report on a survey of its me:mbers in the
district of U.P. A project design based on this is awaited. As a partial
follow up action, however, IMA expressed its desire to playa role in
revitalising the family planning programme in India. They submitted
a programme for organising a workshop for galvanizing the IMA in
family planning. The project has been approved by the Foundation.
Initiating of programme of Integrated Health and Maximising participation
of the voluntary organisations.
Background
90
This was a planning grant given to the Population Council of India to
design a project for maximising participation of the voluntary organisa-
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tions in farpily planning through a programme of integrated health. The
project design was received but in view of the winding up of the,
Population Council of India, the project proposal' was not considered for
support.
Title
Preparation of a Programme for Study of and Education for Family
Welfare among Indian Muslims.
Background
The higher rate of fertility among Muslims cannot be attributed to a
single factor. Several factors are involved. Reasons go beyond the
religious and socio-economic mileu. There is a need for creating neces-
sary ethos for. family planning. Informative, educational and motiva-
tional programmes are needed not only for eligible couples, but also for
the community leaqers, most particularly the ULLEMAS.
Objectives
To develop a methodology for an innovative project in population and
family planning, among Indian Muslims. The following actions would
be undertaken for the purpose: '
(a) educational extension work and responsible parenthood programmes
in two regions inhabited largely by Muslims;
(b) preparation of publications for dissemination of knowledge on
planned parenthood and family planning;
(c) regional seminars and conferences of leaders of MusIim community
'in the project region; and
(d) propagation of family planning among Muslims by personal contact
with infiuential leaders and individuals in the project region.
Methodology To identify methodo~ogy and prepare the dimension, a general survey of
91
the area, including identification of organization will be made.
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Current
Status
The Foundation !'anctioned a planning grant to cover the survey, travel
a:Qdin~dental expenses involved in the project. The Society was to
raise money from other resources to cover other expenses, but this did not
materiahse. The Society, therefore, requested the Foundation to convert
the above grant for releasing two special issues of quarterly journals
in English and Urdu. Because of this the Project was withdrawn and
the Foundation accepted the request for another project reported else-
where.
Jamia Millia Islamia and the Modern Islamic Society. New Delhi (Presi-
de~t Dr S. Abid Hussain).
Background
The Foundation has supported a number of . projects and programmes
including the organising of a number of Conferences/Seminars and Work-
shops hi observance of World Population Year (1974). These programmes
broadly fall into the following three categories:
(a) Sensitising and educating voluntary organizations engaged in family
planning;
(b) Sensiti"mg academic, research and professional organizations, so
that they could play a meaningful role in the population crisis;
(c) Sensitising mass media to reflect more positive interest in the popula-
tion problem.
Programmes The Foundation supported the following programmes in this connection:
supported
during WPY (a) Publications
(i) Population and Development in India, 1947-2000. This was com-
missioned through the Indian Association for the Study of Popu-
lation. The book has been published by the Asia Publishing
House (Rs 50,000).
(ii) Special Publication of the CMAI. This publication gave the his-
tory of eight years of family planning in about 300 Christian
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Mission Hospitals in the country (Rs 7,500).
(iii) Special Population Issue of the Journal of the YWCA entitled
Today. A number of articles' were brought out pinpointing the
needs of family planning and the critical role of women in this.
(Rs. 2,500).
(iv) Special Bulletin of the Population Council of India. The focus
of this issue was on youth and population and the role of volun-
tary organisations (Rs 5,000).
(v) Studies in Family Planning in India by Dr (Mrs) Kamala Gopal
Rao (partially financed). This was a review of all the research
work done in India for the past 25 years. The book has been
published by Abhinav Publications (Rs 5,000).
(vi) Voluntary Effort in Family Planning.
By'Mrs Kamla Mankekar. This was a review of the work done
by vOluntary organizations in India. It was published by Abhinav
Publications (Rs 10,000).
(i) National Convention of the Panchayat Parishad convened by the
AIPP at Lucknow (Rs 5,000).
(ii) pegislators and Family Planning convened by the Institute of
Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi (Rs 2,125).
(iii) Seminar in Connection with World Population Year Dr (Miss)
A. George, Kerala University (Rs 5,000).
(iv) All India Congress of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians Dr (Mrs)
A. Dass (Rs 5,000).
The above activities during the World Population Year (WPY) helped the
various organizations in seeking a more relevant role in population and
family planning. The stimulation during the WPY has helped several
organizations to continue their interest in family planning on a long term
basis.
Title
93 ..
An Across the Board Survey of UNICEF's Involvement in Population
Activities in India
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Jointly commissioned by the UNIqEF (SCARO) and the Family Planning
Foundation.
Current
Status
The purpose in jointly commissioning the project was to assess the current
status of the UNICEF-aided programme in the country with a view to
determine the level and kind of involvement in family planning; ways
of adapting it more effectively to serve the needs of fa..milyplanning; to
suggest a broad strategy for technical assistance and programme enhance-
ment; and to identify the necessary mechanism and infrastructure for
this purpose.
The findings. would help UNICEF in identifying for itself, an effective
role in family planning in India as part of the aid to the country. The
report is completed and is before the Government of India for its con-
sideration. It contains suggestions for immediate action, development of
new components and proposals for new projects. The study would be
reviewed in the light of the new developments and the same would be
submitted to the UNICEF and the G()vernment of India for their con·-
sideration. One third of the expenditure was met by the Founda-
tion and two thirds by the UNICEF.
Professor S. N. Ranade, Dr George Joseph, Dr Kamala Gopal Rao,and
Dr S. N. Mukherjee constituted the Advisory Panel. Mrs Sarojini Abraham
and Mr K. M. Bhatnagar worked as Research Officers. Professor J. C.
Kavoori directed and coordinated the study.
The study has received attention recently from the Deputy Executive
Director of the UNICEF, New York. Interaction with the UNICEF and
the Government of India will be stepped up.
Commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation in Collaboration with
UNICEF..
Title.
94
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In the recent decade there has been'increasing focus on the fundamental
value of family as an institution and its potential power to build human
resources. Family has been a natural and basic element of the society and
state in the Asian countries due to their being rooted in their ancient
cultures, while the European countries have witnessed the disruption
of family life and a chain of social problem· due to heavy industrializa-
tion and urbanization. In order to prevent any erosion of time old social
values attached to the family, it is necessary that the public leadership
should be aroused to promote the retention and &trengthening of family
integrity. The seminar was organised jointly by the Indian Council of
Social Science Research (ICSSR), the International Union of Family
Organizations and the Family Planning Foundation. The thrust of the
seminar was to consider measures which help in preserving the unity
of the family.
Methodology
& Objectives
The main aim of the Seminar is to restore and reconstruct family as a
unit of creative force in society. Family welfare in this would be visualiz-
ed as a cO,mpositesubject and a variety of fields will be covered during
the Conference. Family Planning would be a crucial area in this res-
pect, because, however wide the base of welfare promotion be, it will not
yield enduring results unless the size of families is brought under control
The Conference would devise suitable action to preserve the integrity
of the family, to save it from the danger of break-up by the growing
forces of 'industrialization, urbanization and over-population'. The Semi-
nar would provide an opportunity to collaborate with national and inter-
national organizations in organizing a conference in the area of be'havioural
aspects of fertility. This would then be first such experience for the
Foundation.
Current
Status
The Seminar took place in New Delhi from October 17 to 21, 1977. Besides
India, representatives from 31 other countries participated in the Seminar.
Nearly 200 social scientists, voluntary .worker.s and social welfare
administrators attended the Seminar. The major areas explored at the
Seminar were:
-
(i) National Policy for promoting the integrity of the famiiy.
(ii) National planning for meeting the minimum needs of the family.
(iii) Role of culture in self presentation and promotion of the family.
(iv) Intervention techniques of social workers in favour of rural and
urban family.
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As a follow-up action it· has been, decided by the organisers to set up
an Asian Regional Organization for the promotion of family welfare in
all its aspects.
Indian Council of Social Sciences Research, New Delhi. \\
Mr J. P. Naik, Member-Secretary
It is jointly funded by the ICSSR, UNICEF and the Family Planning
Foundation.
Population and Women: A Programme based for the International
Women's Decade.
Background
Current
Status
International Women's Year and the subsequent, declaration 9f the Inter-
national Decade for Women have thrown up a number of ideas for new
policies and programmes. Keeping the importance of women's role in the
field of family planning in mind the aim of. the present study is to:
(a) review broadly the literature on IWY including report on status of
women;
(b) review various programmes, envisaged as well as already undertaken;
(c) suggest meaningful programmes with a time perspective to the Family
Planning Foundation and other institutions with developmental and
population interest, especially non-governmental organisations.
The data for the study has been collected and has been processed. The
report is expected shortly.
Col Luthra, who is a retired !AS officer and was personally incharge of
IWY, was requested to undertake the study on behalf of the Foundation.
Necessary Technical and Secretarial support was provided.
The Study was Commissioned by the Foundation.
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11 Pages 101-110 |
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11.1 Page 101 |
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National Conference of Voluntary Organizations for Evolving a Strategy
of Participation in Family Planning.
Current
Status
In 1976, Governing Board sanctioned a grant of Rs 60,000 for a project
"Promoting Family Planning Activities in. Key National Voluntary
Organizations". The aim of the project was fo'r key voluntary organiza-
tions to identify for themselves a meaningful role in undertaking family
planning activities. The revised proposal enlarges the scope of the earlier
project. -It proposes to organize a National Conference on the current
status of :family planning in the country (during and after emergency)
and to help voluntary organizations to catalyse this sphere. This Con-
ference would also help to evolve a broad national approach for partici-
pation of voluntary organizations in family planning.
It is proposed to hold a three-day conference of a number of voluntary
organizations and research institutions. A number of papers will be
presented by experts in the relevant field such as (1) review of the status
of family planning in the country during and after the emergency. (2) The
new population policy of the government, with special reference to volun-
tary organizations. (3) The history of family planning in the voluntary
sector and implications for future programmes. (4) Some innovative
approaches to family planning in the voluntary sector-a few case
studies. This will be followed by general discussion to define future pro-
grammes and policies of voluntary organizations. Each organization may
be requested to prepare a note on its own work and how it perceives its
role in the new circumstances.
A special committee was set-up for advising and organising the conference.
The Family Planning Association of India was invited to be a co-sponsor
-of the seminar. A broad strategy for the purpose was prepared.
During the review of the report on the organization it was pointed out
that the 'Government of India (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare)
was organising a similar conference. It was decided that the Foundation
may cooperate with the Government and not hold a separate conference
for the present. However, it was suggested follow-up action may be
necessary on the part of the Foundation.
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11.2 Page 102 |
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This would be a collaborative programme between Foundation and other
suitable organization.
Women constitute about half of India's population. They could be a
powerful force for a nation's planned development and progress. Their
role in the acceptance of family planning is a crucial factor. It affects
their future and status in the family and the country. As a follow-up
of the international Women's Year and also a continuing activity of the
International Women's Decade, the lLO suggested to the Foundation to
organize a national-seminar on the status of women with specific reference
to population.
The project would not only be a follow-up study, but also provide an op-
portunity for the Foundation to develop relationship with international
organizations with the aim of undertaking projects in collaboration with
them in future.
The project aims to bring the various bodies and organizations of women
(including those representing the organised or working sector) to a com-
mon platform to review and discuss different aspects and seek and suggest
solutions to the special problems of women.
The aim is to study the relationship between the role and the status of
women and fertility changes through an analysis of the experiences and
activities of women working in various organized and welfare sectors.
It will review literature on status of women, population changes and
family planning practices; identify significant factors and derive their
implications for improviIig women's status.
It will collect, collate and review experiences in planning and implement-
ing activities designed to promote status of women in the organised sector.
It will suggest an immediate and long term plan of action.
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11.3 Page 103 |
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Current
Status
Foundation is currently negotiating with an institution to collaborate
with it for organizing the seminar and undertake preparatory steps.
The Seminar will be organised by the Family Planning Foundation. The
F'oundation would invite the Government of India, UNFPA and ILO to
extend their cooperation.
Current
Status
Family planning is most effective when overall development is also
attempted simultaneously. The two are basically interdependent. Family
Planning can neither be a substitute for development, nor can any deve-
lopment approach be fruitful without taking into account the demo-
graphic facts like population growth and population distribution. There-
fore, what is, needed in the Indian situation is an examination of· the
present developmental endeavours (including family planning) and see
their adequacy as a co-variables for affecting population changes. With this
in view, it was thought to initiate a pilot project to bring out clearly the
relationship between fertility and development. The development will not
only include growth and distribution but also food and health care. A
preparatory grant would be given for developing a project based on deve-
lopmental survey and more particularly agriculture production.
Interaction with a number of organizations and the implications of this
as a pilot study interalia bears out more demand both in terms of money
and time. It is being withdrawn in its recent form. While reactivating
it will take cognizance of not only agricultural production, but also rural
development as a total concept. The population concern is moving in
this direction.
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11.4 Page 104 |
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11.5 Page 105 |
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A.. F. FERGUSON & CO.
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
Scindia House, Kasturba Gandhi Marg
Post Box No. 24, New Delhi
We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of the Family Planning
Foundation as on December 31, 1977 and the Income and Expendifure
Account for the year ended on that date with the books and records
submitted to us and have found it in accordance therewith.
We have obtained all the. information and explanations which to the
best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our
audit and, in our opinion, the Balance Sheet and the Income and
Expenditure Account set forth a t!rue and fair view of the state of affairs
of the Foundation as on December 31, 1977 and of the excess of Income.
over Expenditure for the year then ended respectively according to the
best of our information and explanations given to us and as per the books
and records submitted to us.
'
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11.6 Page 106 |
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Previous
year
Rs
SOCIETY FUND
Grants and Donations as on
December 31, 1976
15,47,289 Add: ReceivEJd during 1977
1,08,06,394
Less: Disbursements:
13,,31,463
Upto December 31,
1976
During 1977
34,54,278
5,98,568
73,52,116
Add: Amount transferred from
I'ncome and Expenditure
Account
3,62.,651
1,11,69,045
40,52.,844
71,16,201
Balance as on December 31, 1976
Add: Excess of Income over
Expenditure for the year
as per annexed Income
5,25,919
and Expenditure Account
12,16,3li6
Less: Transferred to Society
Fund·
6,53,367
18,69,753
18,69,753
NOTE:
Grants :
The entire actual dis~ursements have been shown as grants and deducted
from the total grants/donations received, although audited accounts from
grantees for Rs. 5,07,149; previous yC<'lrRs Rs 9,45,864, have yet to be received.
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11.7 Page 107 |
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Previous
year
Rs
.38,760
38,00,000
20,00,000
5,00,000
5,00,000
8,00,000
76,00,000
3,16,953
FIXED ASSETS
(As per Schedule annexed)
INVESTMENTS
Fixed Deposits with:
Delhi Cloth and General Mills
Co. Ltd
Escorts Tractors Limited
Bombay Dyeing &. Mfg. Co. Ltd
Iinvestment Corporation of
India Ltd.
Nirlon Synthetic Fibres and
Chemicals Ltd.
Goetze (India) Ltd
Voltas Limited
Sassoon J. David & Co. Ltd
JK Synthetics Limited
Ballarpur Industries Ltd
INTEREST ACCRUED
SECURITY DEPOSITS
500 For Petrol
16,800 For Telephones
17,300
2311 PRE-PAID EXPENSES
7,000
1,430
1,000
9,430
Executive Director
Other Staff
Delhi Gymkhana Club Ltd
568 Cash in hand
With Central Bank of India:
45,408 On Current Account
3,90,612 On Savings Account
with Citi Bank
1,56,409 On Savings Account
5,92,,997
38,00,000
3,00,000
5,00,000·
10,00,000
8,00,000
7,00,000
3,00,000
3,00,000
1,00,000
SOO
10,000
5,800
4,010
1,000
25,588
1,72,524
NEW DELHI.
As ~r our report of even date attached.
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11.8 Page 108 |
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INCOME & EXPENDITURE ACCO\\JN'D
Previous
year
Rs
EXPENDITURE
Salaries and Allowances:
Rs
Rs
Salaries
Dearness Allowance
City Compensatory Allowance
1,24,237
4,804
1,441
1,30,482
274
7,522
11,830
Contribution to Provident and
Family Pension Fund
Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme
Medical Expenses
Honorarium and Consultant's fees
Rent:
10,949
754
8,072
12,300
27,460 Office Accommodation
25,079 Residential Accommodation*
12,800 House Re~t Subsidy
28,320
28,097
15,577
71,994
*Net after adjusting a recovery
of Rs 3,600 from the Executive
Director-previous year Rs 3,600
Trav.al Expeness:
5,672 Executive Director
17,227 Technical Consultants
1,538 Other Staff
12,989 Conveyance Expenses
18,825 Maintenance of Executive Direc-
tor's car (including Rs 325 In
surance-previous .year Rs 365
Repairs and Maintenance:
8,915
16,385
8,793
34,093
12,079
3,627
871
656
21,978
7,321
14,925
7,500
12,781
917
1,500
5,635
5,25,919
8;62,ffi
Office
Residence
Electricity and Water
Postage, Telegrams and Telephones
Library (Books & Periodicals)
Printing and Stationery
Printing of Publications
Meetings, Entertainments and Staff
Welfare Expenses
General ExpealSes
Audit Fee
Depreciation
Excess of Income over Expenditure
for the year carried over to
Balance Sheet
8,516
1,358
37,310
7,715
12,775
8,000
11,255
2,804
2,000
7,986
6,53,367
10,50,329
NOTES:
1. The Executive Director's Remuneration for the year amounted to Rs 56,772
(previous year Rs 56,142). In addition he is provided! with a car and driver
by the Foundation, for official and personal uses, and a recovery of Rs 150 per
month is being made for personal use.
2. All grants received/disbursed during the year are reflected directly in the
Balance Sheet-see note on Balanre Sheet.
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11.9 Page 109 |
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Previous
year
Rs
8,14,629
47,508
Interest :
On Fixed Deposits
On Savings Bank Accounts
Rs
10,33,254
17,075
NEW DELHI
As per our report of even date attached ..
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11.10 Page 110 |
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SCHEDULE OF FIXED ASSETS ANNEXED TO AND FORMING PART OF mE
BALANCE SHEET AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1&77
.particulars
As at
1.1.1977
Cost
Additions Total as on Up to
during the 31.12.77 1.1.1977
year
Depreciation
For the
year
1977
Total
upto
31.12.77
Written down value
As on
31.12.1977
As on
31.12.1976
1- Motor Car
2. Furniture, Fixtures and
Equipment
23,337
47,917
71,254
23,337 17,219
25,365
73,282 15,275
25,365 ------96,619---- 32,494
1,224
6,762
7,986
18,443
22,037
40,480
4,894
51,245
56,139
6,118
32,642
38,760
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12 Pages 111-120 |
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12.1 Page 111 |
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FINANCIAL REVIEW AS ON 31.12.1977
(Figures in Iakhs of rupees)
STATEMENT
INCOME
A. Donations
B. Grants by Ford Fou~dation
(General)
C. Grant by Ford Foundation
(Biomed Project)
D. Interest
E. Total Income (A+B+C+D)
F. GRANTS SANCTIONED
DISBURSEMENTS
G. Projects Grants
(i) Disbursed
(ii) Yet to be disbursed against
grants sanctioned
H. Expenditure on Establishment
I. Total Disbursement (G+H)
INCOME
(i) Donations
(ii) Grants by Ford Foundation
(General)
(iii) Grant by Ford Foundation
(Biomed Project) including
promises
(iv) Interest
Upto
31.12.76
During
1977
79.38
24.13
4.56
26.04
134.11
64.43
3.63
10.50
14.13
11.90
11.44
11.44
83.01
24.13
16.00
36.54
159.68*
76.33
34.54
5.99
14.17
4.17
REVIEW
83.01
24.13
16.00
36.54
40.53
35.80
76.33
18.34
---94.67**
(i) Actual disbursement and
commitments on grants
(ii) On establishment
Uncommitted Balance (as on 31.12.1977)
NOTE:
Out of uncommitted amount of Rs 65.01 lakhs, the fonowing amounts have been
budgeted for 11178:
(i) For supporting projects
20.00 lakhs
(ii) For establishment and other
5.63 lakhs
operating expenses
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12.2 Page 112 |
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Region
Bombay
Calcutta
Ahmedabad
Delhi
Madras
DONATIONS
(POSITroN AS ON 31ST DECEMBER 1977)
Upto
31.12.1976
Rs
During
1977
Rs
Promise
Rs
58,20,600
8,53,600
5,76,000
3,47,872
3,39,500
2,02,000
1,23,500
37,151
Total (Raised in India)
Ford Foundation Grant
(General)
79,37,572
24,13,033
Ford Foundation Grant
(Biomedical Project)
4,55,788
Total
1,08,06,393
3,62,651
3,62,651
11,44,212
11,44,212
Total
Rs
60,22,600
9,77,100
5,76,000
3,85,023
3,39,500
83,00,223
24,13,033
16,00,000
1,23,13,256
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12.3 Page 113 |
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CALCUTTA
Brooke Bond India Ltd
The Upper Assam Tea Co. Ltd
'l1he Greenwood Tea Co Ltd
Salonah Tea Co. Ltd
Thwai Tea Co Ltd
The Assam Estates. Ltd
The Assam Co. Ltd
The Attarkhat Tea Co Ltd
Bishnath Tea Co Ltd
The Moaband Tea Co Ltd
Manjuli Tea Co Ltd
The Borelli Tea Co Ltd
Itakholi Tea Co. Ltd
"Tingri Tea Co Ltd
Bordubi Tea Co Ltd
Corramore Tea Co Ltd
Koomsang Tea Co Ltd
Bavgang Tea Co Ltd
Rajwai Tea Co Ltd
Boroi Tea Co Ltd
Johustan Lamps India Ltd
Flender Macneill Gears Ltd
D€wrance Macneill & Co Ltd
Macneill & Magor Ltd
The Chartered Bank
Price Water House Peat & Co
Assam Oil Co Ltd
India Tobacco Co Ltd
Chloride India Ltd
BOMBAY
Sandvik Asia Ltd
- Himdustan Lever Ltd
Gokak Patel Volkart Ltd
Forbes Forbes Campbell & Co Ltd
U1nionCarbide India Ltd
J R D Tata Trust
New India Tndustries Ltd
Sir Ratanji Tata Trust
DELHI
Delhi Cloth Mills
Ballarpur I~ustries Ltd.
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co Ltd
Total
50,000
4,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
.1,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
2,500
5,000
10,000
5,000
37,500
8,500
8,500
1,00,000
12,500
5,000
25,000
31,500
2,000
3,651
37,151
3,62,651
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12.4 Page 114 |
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Year of
sanction
IS'72[73
1974
1975
1976
1977
GRANTS SANCTIONED AND DISBURSED
(Summary)
Amount
sanctioned
Rs
Disbursements
Upto
During
31-12-1976
Rs
1977
Rs
23,65,136
12,85,000
19,82,500
8,10,500
11,89,600
19,46,029
4,62,760
8,88,207
1,57,282
1,76,066
73,527
1,65,530
1,70,681
12,762
76,32,736
34,54:,278
5,98,566
Total
Rs
21,22,095
5,36,287
10,53,737
3,27,963
12,762
4Q,52,844
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12.5 Page 115 |
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ESTABLISHMENT AND OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES
AND BUDGET FOR 1978.
Budget
For the year 1977
IS76
Expenditure
Budget
in lakhs
Accounts Heads
in Rs
in lakhs in lakhs
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
DURING 1977
Forecast Budget
for 1978
inRs.
(vi)
in lakhs
(vii)
1. Pay & Allowance
Staft salaries
Dearness Allowance
City Compensatory
Allowance
House Rent/subsidy
Conveyance expense!':
Medical Reimburse-
ment
Contributory P. Io~.
Staft WelIare
Executive Director's
Car Maintenance
1,27,237
4,804
1,441
43,674
12.,079
8,072
11,703
1,257
16,520
2.56
2,26,787
2. Office Establishment
Rent
28,320
Repairs & Maintenance 9,874
Electricity & Water
0.42
38,194
Stationery
Printing & Publication
of Reports
Postage, Telegrams &
Telephones
General Expenses
Equipment & Furniture
12,775
8,000
37,310
2,805
25,365
0.80
86,255
0.06 3. Library
0.25 4. Travel FPF Staft
0.25
Adv. Panels/Council
& Consultants
0.20 5. Honorarium/Consulta-
tion fee:
0.10 6. Meeting & Entertain-
ments
0-.0-2--~7.--A_...-udit fee
4.48
7,715
17,709
16,a85
12,300
9,998
2,000
3;17;343
2.27
0.38
0.86
0.08
0.18
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.02
4.17
2.56
0.60
0.55
0.08
0.20
0.21
0.16
0.10
0.02
4.48
1,83,960
16,392
4,968
84,612
12,840
14,830
18,432
1,500
17,000
3,54,534
36,000
9,000
3,000
48,000
14,000
ll>,000
35,000
2,000
15,000·
76,000
10,000
22,000
~2,000
18,000
10,000
2,000
5,62,534
3.55
0.48
0.76
0.10
0.22
0.22
0.18
0.10
0.02
5.63
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12.6 Page 116 |
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Appendices
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|
12.7 Page 117 |
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SL
No.
1. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
(a) Complet1edProjects (Page 19 to 27)
Amount
sanctioned
Rs
-
1. Xth Convention of the Indian College of Allergy and
Applied Immnnology.
2. Symposium on "Recent Advances in Contraceptive
Techonology"
3. Symposium on "Non-Human Primates in Biomedical
Research"
4. Symposium on "Regulation of Growth and Differentiated
Function in Eukaroyote Cells"
5. Symposium on "Neurcendocrine Regulation of Fertility"
\\
6. Mechanisrr. of Action of some Anti-Fertility Agents on the
Contractility of the Fallopian Tubes
7. XXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences
8. Symposium on Chemistry, Biology and Immunology of
Gonadotropins.
9. International Symposium and Workshop on Biomedical
Engineering
11. IIud Conference of the Federation of Indian Societies of
Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India
11. Hnd Conference of the Federation of Indian Societies of
Endocrinology
I
12. Career Development for Res~arch in the field of Human.
Reproduction and Contraceptive Technology in India
The following fellowships have been awarded under the
scheme'.
(i) "Studies on the mechanism of action of Prostaglandins"
(for 3 years)
16,00,000
4,00,000
20,00,000
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12.8 Page 118 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
Prof B K Anand and
Dr S K Manchanda
Prof N R Moudgal.
Indian College of Allergy and Applied
Immunology, New Delhi.
All India Institute of Medical Seciences,
New Delhi.
The Indian National Science Academy,
New Delhi.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
and Indian Institute of Technology,
New Delhi.
Madras Medical College, Madras
- Central Drug Research Institute,
Lucknow
Directed and monitored by
the Family Planning
Foundation
Family Planning Foundation in colla-
boration with Ford Foundation
Raja Peary Mohan College,Uttarpara
Hooghly, Calcutta.
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12.9 Page 119 |
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S1.
Amount
No.
sanctioned
Rs
(ii) "To study the mechanism of secretion of
2,40,000
chorionogonadotropins in pregnant monkeys and human
placental tissue culture" (for 3 years)
(iii) "To study the mechanism of secretion of
Chorionogonadotropins in human placental
homogenates, and the effects of Prostaglandins
on the same" (for 3 year)
(iv) "To study the effects of nasal sprays of prostaglandins
in monkeys"
(for 1 year)
(v) "Developing Radio-receptor test for vary early
detection of normal and abnormal pregnancy".
(Two training fellows are being appointed under
the Project Directors)
(vi) "Studies on certain immunological aspects of
reproduction"
(for 3 years)
(vii) "To study the mechanism of steroidogensis and other
metabolic changes taking place in the blastocyst
(fertilised ovum). (One senior fellowship to
Dr Jaishri Sengupta and one training fellowship
to Dr Ch. Radha Krishna Murthy have been awarded
under the Project Director)
(viii) "Study on Contraception for Males-Studies
on Epididymis"
(under consideration)
(ix) Studies on "Male Anti-fertility Agents in human
and subhuman primates"
(Award of a training fellowship for 3 years under the
Project Director is under consideration)
13. Development of Anti-Pregnancy Vaccine
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12.10 Page 120 |
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Principal Investigatori
Project Director/Consultant
Dr S M Shah ani
Dr K R Laumas
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
Medical College Bombay All India Ins-
titute of Medical Seciences , New Delhi
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medi-
cal Sciences, Taramani, Madras.
National Institute of Health & Family
Welfare, New Delhi.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi.
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Edu-
cation & Research, Chandigarh.
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13 Pages 121-130 |
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|
13.1 Page 121 |
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5l.
Amount
No.
sanctioned
II. HEALTH RELATED PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES
(a) Completed Projects (Page 32 to 35)
Rs
99,000
17. Action Research Project on Community Action for a
Programme of Integrated Health and Family Planning
(b) Ongoing Projects (Page 35 to 40)
18. Villa~ Level Health and Family Planning Worker
(Five Case Studies)
19. Action-cum-Research Project on Different Aspects of
Medical Termination (9f Pregnancy Having a
Bearing on Family Planning.
20. Community Welfare Centre for Women and Children.
16,000
(A Project for Integrating Family Planning with Health Care)
A Pilot Project on Health, Welfare and Education with
special Emphasis on Population Education
Total Health Care Including Family .Planning for a
Population of 20,000
(For Consultancy)
J ,50,000
36,000
23. District Development Demonstration Project in Madurai
District- Dindugal Division
24. Family Planning Programme through Village
I Level Workers
25. Developing Effective Maternal and Child Health Services
in Rural Areas in India
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13.2 Page 122 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
Late Mrs Mary Clubwala
Jadhavand
Dr T. Janardhanan and
Dr Rajasekharan
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation
The project was assigned to Dr Jacob
Chandy as an individual
Gram Nirman Mandal, Sokhodeora
The project is being organised
by the Family Planning
Foundation~
U.P. State Government. For
research aspect an institution'
has yet to the identified.
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
Directorate of Health Services, Govern-
ment of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Princess Esin Women's Educational
Centre, and Hyderabad Women's Asso··
ciation Trust
Sher-e-Kashmir Polyclinic, Kashmir.
Amiya Banerjee Charitable Trust,
Calcutta
Gandhigram Institute of Rural' Health
and Family Plannlng-Ambathurai,
Madurai.
I
Dr Vijay Kumar
Social Work and Research Centre,
Tilonia, Rajasthan.
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Edu-
cation & Research, Chandigarh.
|
|
13.3 Page 123 |
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SL
Amount
No.
sanctioned
27. Workshop on "Developing Integrated Material on
Family Planning Education"
28. Film on Population and Family Planning with
Focus on Women
Rs
5,000
29. Pilot Project on Training Rural Leaders in Population
and Development
~ Population Education through Agricultural Institutions
Developing the Role Definition and Role Commitment of
Agricultural Intitutions in Population Education.
31. "CommunicatioI). for Social Marketing: A Methodology for
Developing Communication Appeals for Family Planning
_.../ Programmes". A Publication Grant.
.
\\.J2. Family Planning Communication for Young Rural
1,43,000
Married Couples-Study and a Film
30,000 (for
follow up work)
33. Developing Programme of Information Disemination and 3,00,000
Motivation in Population and Family Planning. (A Project
for involving Community Leaders in Population through
Innovative Programme of Communication)
~) Planning/Preparatory Grants (Page 50 to 52)
~Innovative
Approach for the Creation of Demand and
Promotion of Community Involvement and Participation in
Family Welfare Planning Programme. An Experiment
with Mother's Club/Mahila Kalyan Mandals
--I35. Analytical Case Study of an Innovative Programme in
Population and Family Planning
~. functional Literacy and Family Life Planning Education
5,000
4,500
1,500
|
|
13.4 Page 124 |
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Principal Investigatorf
Project Director/Consultant
Mr R Jain and
Mr A Srivastava.
Indian Council of Child Welfare, New
Delhi.
Literacy House, Lucknow
Assigned to Mr Chowdury as an indi-
vidual.
All India Panchayat Parish ad, New
Delhi.
Commissioned by Family Planning
Foundation.
, Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad.
Centre for Development of Instruction-
al Technology, New Delhi.
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
Dr (Mis~)Amita Burdhan
and Dr D C Dube
National Institute of Health and Family
Welfare, New Delhi.
Indian Agricultural Research Institute,
New Delhi.
Bikaner, Adult Education Association,
Bikaner, Rajasthan.
|
|
13.5 Page 125 |
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S1.
Amount
No.
sanctioned
Rs
37. Preparation of Two Manuals in "The Delivery of
15,000
Fertility Control Methods"
Brief Study and Review of the Non-Projected Aids
Having a Bearing on Population and Family Planning
Population Education for Non School-going Youth
1,55,000
(Out of this Rs 10,000
was disbursed for
initial expenses.)
40. Action Oriented Innovative Projects in Organized
50,000
Industries for Developing a few Models
41. Comprehensive Labour Welfare Scheme
2,50,000
(ip.cluding No Birth Bonus Scheme)
42. Population and Women in the Organized
25.000
Sector.
(Five Planning
grants of Rs 5,000
each).
43. Strategies for Family Planning in
the Indian Industrial Sector
V. STUDIES, SURVEYS AND EVALUATION
(a) Completed Projects (Page 59 to 64)
44. Study of Natural Family Planning
Mehods.
45. Evaluation of Gujarat State Massive
.vasectomy Campaign.
46. Population Education for University
~tudents.
47. Analysis of the Secondary Data to
Determine Westage of Children.
|
|
13.6 Page 126 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
All India Panchayat Parishad, New
Delhi.
The Family Planning
Foundation is Coordi-
nating and Organizing
the Project.
Prof C N S Nambudiri and
Prof B R Sharma
Assigned to Mr Deolalikar as an indi-
vidual.
United Planters' Association of South
India.
Council for Social Development, New
Delhi; Hislop College, Nagpur; Chris-
tian Medical Association of India,
Bangalore; and School of Social Work,
Baroda. Commissioned by the Family
Planning Foundation.
Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad.
Dr Amritananda Das and
Prof Sugata Das Gupta
Council for Social Development, New.
Delhi.
|
|
13.7 Page 127 |
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Sl.
No.
48. Study of Sex Differentiation in Parental
Attitudes Towards Female Children
as indicated through Child Rearing Practices
49. Study of the Implications of Incentives
and Disincentives 'in Family Planning.
50. Publication of a journal of the Family Planning
Activities of the Christian Medical
Association of India (CMAI)
51. Survey of Family Planning Education in
the Schools of Social Work in India.
52. Status Study on Population Research in
India (Three Volumes).
Amount
sanctioned
Rs
5,000
53. Status Study of the Family Planning Component
in the Urban Community Develop~ent
(UCD) Programme in India and HABITAT.
and their implication for Family Planning.
54. "The Correlates of Muslim Fertility in
an Urban Setting: A Case Study of Kanpur
City" (Publication Grant).
55. Status Study of Population Research
in India, (Management). Vol. IV.
56. Status Study of Population Education
as part of School Education in India.
57. Population Policy-2000 AD-A Study
of the Relationship between Population
and Economic Development.
, 58. Implications of Rapid Population Growth
8,50,000 (including
Rs 70,000 from the
FAO)
59. A Study of Population Policy and the
Legal frame-work
(Additional grant)
62,500
52,000
|
|
13.8 Page 128 |
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Principal Investigator/
P-r-oj-ec-t-D--ire-c-to-r/-C-on-s-ul-ta-n-t -------------
Indian Council of Child Welfare, New
Delhi.
Dr Udai Pareek and
Dr T V Rao; Dr G P Talwar;
and Mr S P Jain
Christian Medical Association of India,
Bangalore.
Association of Schools of Social
Work, Delhi.
Commissioned by the Family ..Planning
Foundation.
Undertaken directly by
the Family Planning
Foundation.
(Prof J C Kavoori)
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundatiom.
Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad.
International Institute of Population
Studies, Bombay.
Centre for the Policy Research,
New Delhi.
Family Planning Foundation in collabo-
ration with Indian Council of Social
Sciences Research, New Delhi.
Institute for Constitutional and Parlia-
mentary Studies, I:lew Delhi.
|
|
13.9 Page 129 |
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S1.
No.
62. Problems of Family Planning during
Emergency and its Policy' and Programme
Implications for Future Action.
Amount
sanctioned
Rs
45,000
63. Changing Family Organi~ations Among
Kh€lsisand Garos·
64. A Diachronic' Study of Changes in Contraceptive
and Fertility Behaviour in a Tamil Nadu Village and its
eight Harijan Hamlets during ,the Decades, 1956-57.
28,000
62,000
65. Determinants of Fertility Change in
Tamil Nadu.
91,250
66. Motivation for Planned Parenthood-A
Preliminary Study of Muslim Families
in a City.
67. Developing a Programme of Research in
Population and Family Planning from a
Sociological and Behavioural Point of
View with Particular Reference to
the following :
(a) Urban
30,000
41,800
|
|
13.10 Page 130 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
Directed and organi~ed
by the Family Plannig
Foundation with the
help of Task Group.
Dr Rajni Kothari, and
Dr D L Seth
Dr Prodipto Roy, Council for
Social Development, New
Delhi; (Dr Rajni Kothari,
Centre for the Study of
Developing Societies, New
Delhi; Dr V A Pai Panandi-
kar, Centre for Policy
R'esearch, New Delhi;' Dr P B
Desai, In~titute of Economic
Growth, Delhi. and Dr
Frodipto Roy constitute the
Advisory Group)
Dr M Kodanda RaC!
In collaboration with United Nations
Economic and Social Commission for
Asia and the Pacific, and Indian Asso-
ciation for Studies of Population, Delhi.
Centre for the Study of Developing
Societies, New Delhi.
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
Madras Institute of Development
Studies, Madras.
Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health
and Family Planning, Ambathurai,
Madurai.
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New
Delhi.
The project is commissioned by the
Family Planning Foundation.
|
|
14 Pages 131-140 |
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|
|
14.1 Page 131 |
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Sl.
Amount
No.
sanctioned
.~" Family Planning Innovation in India'
-An Anthropological Study.
69. Population and 'Poverty in the Indian
Slums.
VI. MANAGEMENTAND ADMINISTRATION
(a) Completed Projects (Page 80 to 81)
70. Organization of Simultaneous Eye ~nd
Family Planning Camps and a Study of
their Mutual Impact.
5,000
71. Family Planning Camps in Madras
69,000
(Planning grant for
30,000. (For evaluation)
making designing
5,000
follow up work)
"
72. Establishing a 'Private Out-Patient
5,000
Fertility Control Clinic in the Rural Area.
(b) Ongoing Projects (Page 82 to 83)
73. Integrated Family Planning Services
at the Pearl Clinic-A Case Study.
74. Fundional Analysis of the
Primary Health Centre.
132
5,000
50,000
|
|
14.2 Page 132 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
Dr M N Srinivas and
Dr E A Ramaswary
Dr. B. K. Roy Burman
The Project undertaken
directly by the Family
Planning -Foundation.
(Prof J C Kavoori)
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
The programme was organis-
ed by the State Bank of India
and Family Planning Founda-
tion.
State Bank of India employees, Lok
Kalyan Samity, and Family Planning
Foundation.
Round Tables, Madras, and the Madras
Municipal Corporation.
Pai's Family Hospital, Bombay-Com-
missioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
The Indian Institute of Management,
Bangalore,
|
|
14.3 Page 133 |
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SI.
Amount
No.
sanctioned
VII. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
(a) Completed Projects (Page 83 to 86)
75. The Third Annual Conference of
the Indian Association for the
Study of Population (rASP).
76. Task Group on Indian Youth
Population Coalition (IYPC).
77. Seminar of Key Decision-Makers in
the Sarvodaya Movement in India.
78. Seminar and S:ummer Institute in Family
Planning for Social Work Education.
(b) Ongoing Projects (Page 86 to 90)
79. Establishing a Mechanical Tabulation Research Cell
under Family Planning Project at the Christian
Medical Association' of India. Bangalore.
80. Publication of Demography-India,
A Biannual Journal.
81. Zonal Seminars for Grassroots Level
Workers of Sarvodaya.
82. Developing Population Programmes
for North-Eastern Hill University
(NEHU), Shillong.
83. Publication of the Special Issues of
Urdu and English Quarterly Journals "Islam
Aur Asri-Jadid" and "Islam and the Modern
\\ Age" with the Family Planning Themes.
(c) Planning/Preparatory Grant (Page 90 to 91)
84. Involvement of Private Medical Practitioners
in the National Family Planning Programme.
85. Initiating Programme of Integrated
Health and Maximising participation of the
Voluntary Organisations.
(d) Withdrawn/Discontinued/(Page 91 to 92)
86. Preparation of a Programme for Study of and
Education for Family Welfare among Indian Muslims.
Rs
15,000
|
|
14.4 Page 134 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
Dr K N George and
Dr S H Pathak
Work for supervision and
direction will be evolved
by the Vniversity.
Dr S Abid Husain
Indian Association for the Study of
Population, Delhi.
Indian Youth Population Coalition,
Madras.
Gandhian Institute of Studies, Varanasi.
Association of Schools of Social Work,
Madras.
Christian Medical Association of India,
Bangalore.
/
Indian Association for the Study of
Population, Delhi.
Gandhian Institute of Studies , Varanasi
North-Eastern Hill University. Commis-
sioned by, the Family Planning Founda-
tion.
Islam and Modern Age Society, Jamia
Nagar, New Delhi.
Jamia Millia Islamia and the Modern
Islamic Society, New Delhi.
|
|
14.5 Page 135 |
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S1.
Amount
No.
sanctioned
87. Programmes in connection with the World
Population Year (1974)
(The Family Planning Foundation supported a
number of projects and programmes including
thE'organising of a number of Conferences,
Seminars, Workshops and Publications.)
1 Publications
(i) "Population and Development in India,
1947-2000"
(ii) Special Publication of the CMAI Bulletin.
(With focus on history of eight year~ of
work-family planning)
(iii) Special Population Issue of YMCA Journal
"Today".
(ivJ Special Bulletin of the Population Council
of India (Focus on Youth and Population)
(v) "Studies in Family Planning in India"
(vi) "Voluntary Efforts in Family Planning"
2. Conferences and Seminars
(i) Special Issue of the AIPP Journal
"Panchayat Aur Insan"
(ii) Seminar on Legislators 'and Family
Planning.
(iii) Seminar in connection with World
Population Year.
(iv) All India Congress of Gynaecologists and
Obstetricians.
88. An Acro8s the Board Survey of UNICEF's
Involvement in Population Activities
in India
5,000
10,000
|
|
14.6 Page 136 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
These were commissioned by the Family
Planning Foundation, with a total
budget of Rs 97,125.
Dr Asdk Mitra/Prof Ashish
Bose/Dr P B Desai/
Dr Sinha-(IASP).
Christian Medical Associ-
ation of India (CMAI),
Bangalore.
Young Women Christian
Association (YWCA).
Population Councij of India,
New Delhi.
Dr (Mrs) Kamala Gopal Rao
Mrs Kamla Mankekar
All India Panchayat
Parish ad (AIPPt
Institute of Constitutional
and Parliamentary Studies,
New Delhi.
Miss A George, Kerala
University.
Dr (Mrs) A Dass
Prof J C Kavoori
Family Planning
Foundation
Jointly commissioned by the UNICEF
(SCARO) and the Family Planning
Foundation.
|
|
14.7 Page 137 |
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81.
No.
89. Asian Conference on 'Family as a Unit of
Welfare in National Planning.
- 90. Population and Women: A Programme based for
the International Women's Decade.
91. National Conference of Voluntary Organisations
for Evolving a Strategy of Participation in
Family Planning.
92. Seminar on the Status of Women and its
Impact on Population Practices.
Amount
sanctioned
Rs
50,000
|
|
14.8 Page 138 |
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Principal Investigator/
Project Director/Consultant
It was jointly funded by the ICSSR,
UNICEF and the Family Planning
Foundation,
Assigned to Col Luthra as an individual.
To be organised
joinlty with the Family
Planning Association of
India.
This would be a collaborative
programme between the Family
Planning Foundation and
another suitable organisa-
tion.
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
The Seminar will be organised by the
Family Planning Foundation. The
Foundation would invite the Govern-
ment of India, UNFPA and ILO to ex-
tend their cooperation.
Commissioned by the Family Planning
Foundation.
|
|
14.9 Page 139 |
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1. Status Study on Population in India
(i) Vol I : Behavioural Sciences
24.
(ii) Vol II : Demography
21
(iii)I Vol. III : Bio-Medical
39
3. Voluntary Efforts in Family Planning-A Brief History
10
4. Studies in Family Planning: India
80
5. Strategy for Family Planning in the Indian Industrial Sector
30
8. India's Population: Aspects of Quality and Control
(2 Volumes-under print)
9. Policy Implications of Incentive and Disincentive in
Family Planning (under Print)
10. Contraceptive Pharmacology (Dr B. C. Roy Memorial
Lectures) (Under print)
11. Communication for Social Marketing: A Methodology
for Developing Communication Appeals for Family
Planning Programme (Under print)
12. The Correlates of Muslim Fertility in an Urban Setting:
A Case Study of Kanpur City (Under print)
Not yet
fixed
35
Not yet
fixed
|
|
14.10 Page 140 |
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Mr S. P. Jain
Prof G. P. Talwar
Dr Asok Mitra
Prof Ashish Bose
Prof P. B Desai &
Prof J. N. Sharma
(IASP)
Mrs Kamla Mankekar
Dr (Mrs) Kamala Gopal Rao
Prof C. N. S. Nambudiri &
Prof Baldev R. Sharma
Dr M. N. Srinivas &
Dr E. A. Ramaswamy
Dr Surjit Kaur
Dr V. A. Pai Panandikar
R. M. Bishnoi
O.'P. Sharma
Centre for Policy Research~
New Delhi..
Dr Ranjit Roy Chaudhaury,
PGI, Chandigarh
Prof L. R. Bhandari
Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad
DrM. E. Khan
Operations Research Group,
Baroda
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., New Delhi
-do-
-do-
Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
,. Abhinav Publications, New Delhi
Abhinav Publications, New Delhi
Sterlin~fPublishers Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi
Oxford University Press, Delhi,
Sterling Publishers
AB/9 Safdarjang Enclave,
New Delhi-16.
Abhinav Publications
E-37, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
Radiant Publishers, New Delhi
The Macmillan Company of Indian
Ltd., New Delhi
Manohar Book Service,
2 Ansari Road, Daryaganj,
New Delhi-2.
|
|
15 Pages 141-150 |
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|
|
15.1 Page 141 |
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81.
No.
14. Recent Advances in Chemistry, Biology and
Immunology of Gonadotropins
15. Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function
in Eukaryote Cells
16. Use ,of Non-human Primate in Bio-medical Research
17. Neurcendqcrine Regulation of Fertility
18. "Democracy-India" (Biannual Issue Journal)
NON-PRICED PUBLICATIONS
19. XXIII Annual Conference of the Association of the
Physiologists and Pharmacologists qf India
20. InterIiational Symposium and Workshop on Biomedical
Engineering
21. Second Annual Conference of the Federation of the
Indian Societies of Endocrinology
22. An Across the Board Study of UNICEF's Involvement in
Population Activities in India
23. Social Development Aspects of Social Education
US $59'
Rs 2(}
24. The Indian College of Allergy and Applied
Immunology Xth Convention
27. The Mechanism of Action of Some Anti-Fertility Agents
on the Contractility of the Fallopian Tube
|
|
15.2 Page 142 |
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Dr K. R. Laumas
All India Institute of
Medical Sciences
New Delhi
Dr N. R. Moudgal
Prof M. R. N. Prasad &
Prof T. C. Anand Kumar
Prof T. C. Anand Kumar
Indian Association for the
Study of Population
Dr K. N. George
Association of School of
Social Work in India
Dr (Mrs) A. Dass
Dr J. Behari &
Prof S. K. Guha
Ankur Publishing House
New Delhi.
Indian National Science Academy
New Delhi.
S. Karger, Basel, USA
Hindustan Publishing Corpn.
(India) Delhi
Indian Institute of Technology and
All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi
Central Drug Research Institutte,
Lucknow, and
K. G.'s Medical College, LuckllOW
Family Planning Foundation
New Delhi.
The Paramount Printers, Madurai
Indian College of Allergy and
Applied Immunology Medical
College, New Delhi.
All India Institue of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi
Indian Council for Child Welfare,
New Delhi
Centre for Biomedical Engineering,
All India Institute of Medical
Sciences and Indian Institute of
Technology, New Delhi.