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PFI Annual Report 1975 |
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
$ ANNUAL REPOR1'
AKASHDEEP BUILDING (5th FLOOR)
Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 11000I
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· FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
ANNUAL REPORT
For the Year ended 31st December 1975
BLIND RELIEF ASSOCIATION BUILDING,
Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg,
New Delhi-ll0003
AKASHDEEP BUILDING (5th FLOOR)
Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-llOOOl
New Delhi
July, 1976
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Members of the Foundation
Members of the Governing Board
vi
Advisory Council and Advisory Panel
vii
Advisory Panel and Technical Advisory Panel
viii
Staft
viii
Structure of the Report
Chairman's Annual Report
Executive Director's Report
Introduction
General Review
An Overview of the Project
Continuing Problems and New Challenges
Interaction with International Organisations
List of Completed Projects
19
Brief details of Completed Projects
~'3
List of Ongoing Projects
49
Brief Descriptions of Ongoing Projects
54
Accounts
109
Auditor's Report
109
Balance Sheet
110
Income and Expenditure Account
112
Donations-Summary and Regionwise
116
Consolidated Position of Grants Sanctioned and Disbursed
Budget and Expenditure
118
Appendices
121
National Population Policy Statement
121
by Dr Karan Singh
Observations and Suggestions of the Advisory Council
127
Publications Financed by the Foundation
129
Outline of the Scheme of Career Development for
131
Research in Human Reproduction and
Contraception Technology in India
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MEMBERS OF THE
FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
1. Mr J. R. D. Tata
2. Dr Bharat Ram
3. Mrs Tara Ali Baig
4. Mr M. V. Arunachalam
5. Col Dipa'k Bhatia
6. Mr A. Chandra Sekhar
7. Mr G. K. Devarajulu
8. Mr S. P. Godrej
9. Dr M. S. Gore
10. Mr Jaykrishna Harivallabhdas
11. Mr B. M. Khaitan
12. Mrs Yamutai Kirloskar
13. Mr Arvind N. Lalbhai
14. Prof Ravi Matthai
15. Mr A. L. Mudaliar
16. Prof M. Mujeeb
17. Mr H. P. Nanda
18. Dr K. A. Pisharoti
19. Mr A. A. Rahimtula
20. Dr K. N. Raj
21. Dr D. P. Singh
22. Mr Raunaq Singh
23. Dr L. M. Singhvi
24. Mr T. T. Vasu
25. Mr B. G. Verghese
26. Mrs Avabai B. Wadia
27. Dr K. L Wig
28. Prof J. C. Kavoori
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'1. Mr J. R. D. Tata
2. Dr Bharat Ram
3. Mr M. V. Arunachalam
4. Mrs Tara Ali Baig
5. Dr Dipak Bhatia
6. Mr A. Chandra Sekhar
7. Mr S. P. Godrej
8. Mr B. M. Khaitan
9. Mr A. L. Mudaliar
10. Mr Arvind N. Lalbhai
11. Mr H. P. Nanda
12. Dr L. M. Singhvi
13. Mr T. T. Vasu
14. Mr B. G. Verghese
15. Mrs Avabai B. Wadia
16. Dr K. L. Wig
17. Prof J. C. Kavoori
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
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1. Dr Malcolm S. Adiseshiah
2; Dr Abad Ahmed
3. Mr Charles M. Correa
4. Dr (Mrs) Kumudini Dandekar
5. Dr S. C. Dube
6. Mrs Serla Grewal
7. Miss Mehra Masani
8. Dr Asok Mitra
9. Prof N. R. Moudgal
10. Mr J. P. Naik
11. Dr Samuel Paul
12. Prof M. R. N. Prasad
13. Dr B. N. Purandare
14. Dr V. Ramalingaswamy
15. Mr Chanchal Sarkar
1. Prof P. B. Desai
2. Dr George Joseph
3. Prof S. N. Ranade
4. Dr R. K. Sanyal
5. Dr Y. P. Singh
6. Dr T. R. Tewari
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1. Dr K. L. Wig
2. Dr P. N. Chuttani
3. Dr (Mrs) A. Das
4. Dr K. R. Laumas
5. Dr M. K. Krishna Menon
6. Dr Nitya Nand
7. Prof M. R. N. Prasad
8. Dr V. Ramalingaswamy
9. Dr Somnath Roy
10. Mr Chanchal Sarkar
11. Mr Justice S. M. Sikri
Prof J. C. Kavoori
Commodore C. Mehta, AVSM
Dr Sunil Misra
Miss A. R. Malwade
Executive Director
. Secretary & Treasurer
and Director (Administration)
Programme Officer
Programme Associate
A. F. Ferguson & Co
Post Box No 24
New Delhi-110 001
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The Annual Report to the Governing Board has been divided into
four parts, namely the Chairman's report, the Executive Director's
report, Accounts and Appendices.
The Chairman's report is an overview of the population problem
in the context of the new population policy. As part of this exercise
he pinpoints some of the critical developments in the country vis-a-
vis population and also the challenging role that lies ahead of the
Foundation. The financial portion of the report is given in a st!parate
section.
The Executive Director's report is a cumulative one which des-
cribes in brief the Foundatioo's projects and programmes from the
very beginning. The first portion of the report emphasises the ur-
gency of Family Planning and some of the issues confronting the
nation in this connection. It also reviews the Foundation's work,
highlighting both problems and challenges particularly in the light
of the National Population Policy announced recently by the Hon-
ourable Minister for Health and Family Planning, Dr Karan Singh.
This is followed by a review of the projects and programmes, and
these in turn are divided into two sections-eompleted and current
projects. The list of projects is given first in each section, and this
is followed by brief remarks on the projects as a whole, and then
follow a few important details of each project. In detailing the pro-
jects, their objectives and met!todology are described along with their
current status.
The Accounts section contains the Auditors' report, the balance
sheet, income and expenditure account, grants, donations and budget.
The appendices include the National Population Policy statement,
suggestions made by the Advisory Council. publications supported
by the Foundation and a note explaining the scheme "Career Deve-
lopment for Research in the Field of Human Reproductive and Con-
traception Technology."
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CHAIRMAN'S ANNUAL REPORT
For ,the year ended 31 December 1975
On behalf of the members of the Governing Board of the Family
Planning' Foundation, I have much pleasure in presenting the Fifth
Annual Report of the Foundation and its audited accounts for the
year ended 31 December 1975.
The year under review will go down as a memorable one in the
history of family planning in India, for it witnessed two major steps
forward in our march towards our basic objective to plan and control
the growth of our population, as a result of which the whole outlook
in the family planning movement in India has shown a dramatic im-
provement.
Whereas in the past o;n1ya few people in the country, consisting
mainly on the one hand of the authorities of the Health and Family
Planning Ministries at the Centre and in the States, and on the other
of members of private organisations such as ours and individual
faniily l'lanning workers, were fully aware of the population crisis
lcormng ahead and the imperative necessity of checking our birth
rate, the whole country and 'eVery Government in the Union has,
almost overnight, been aroused to the problem and made family
planning a major, if not the major, objective in its socio-economic
programmes. In fact, some of the States are today considering en-
actments of a kind which would have been unthinkable only a couple
of years ago.
We owe this remarkable transformation of official and public opi-
nion mainly to the Prime Minister, who has personally espoused the
cause of planning India's population growth as an essential part of
the basic objective of raising the standards of living and health of
our people and called for actior{ in unequivocal terms. We must also
thank our dynamic Minister for Health and Family Planning, Dr
Karan Singh, who has galvanised Government's family planning pro-
gramme and issued a remarkable National Population Policy state-
ment on April 16, 1976.
For the first time since Independence, we now have a clearly en-
unciated and forward-looking population policy on which there is
unanimous countrywide agreement, and for the first time we have
political will at the highest level, at the Centre and in the States.
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to achieve this crucial national objective.
In the context of this great change, non-governmental or voluntary
organisations cannot afford to lag behind. Their efforts should be
united. with that of the Government in the most effective way possi··
ble. The Foundation has been sensitive to these developments and
will in the coming months make its role as a funding and promoting
agency still more relevant and expeditious in the light of the new
population policy and advice given by its technical bodies such as
the Advisory Council and the Advisory Panel.
Within the limited resources, the Foundation can with justification
claim to make a growing contribution to the country's family plan-
ning programme. Apart from basic research, it has sponsored and
supported creative and innovative time-bound research projects.
Realising the weaknesses in the actual use of most of the existing
means of contraception, and conscious of the likelihood of the ulti··
mate practical solution being found in the biochemical field, it has
gone out of its way to support research in anti-fertility technology.
It is heartening to know that the Advisory Council of the Family
Planning Foundation, consisting of some of the most highly respected
experts in the country and headed by Dr Malcolm S· Adiseshiah,
Director of the Madras Institute of Development Studies, and for
many years Deputy Director of UNESCO, has expressed its appre-
ciation of the programme developed by the Foundation. "rhe Council
has placed on record its appreciation of the quality of the projects
developed over the last five years. It has noted that they conform
to both the criteria established by the Council and the priority guide-
lines laid down by it. It has expressed its particular satisfaction at
the small overheads involved in the development of this large pro-
gramme by just two persons, and congratulated the Foundation for
the economy of the effort. The projects are all oriented towards
action research and represent an important contribution to the Gov-
ernment's population policy. The Council has commended the in-
creasing support to biomedical research where the Foundation's
speedy and flexible aid can contribute to a much-needed break-
through."
This leads me to the second important development, which after
many years of effort reached a stage of fructification during the year
under review, and entitles us to much greater optimism than could
be entertained in the past. Some of the most exciting and promising
biomedical research in the world is going on in India in three or four
laboratories. Humanity seems to be at long last on the threshold of
having at its disposal a sure, safe, economical and simple means of
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checking the growth of population, free from the objections and other
deficiencies from which all existing contraceptive means have suffered
to a greater or lesser degree. I refer to the development in the
All India Institute of Medical Sciences of an anti-pregnancy vaccine
of high contraceptive effectiveness over a substan.tial period of time
by a team of experts headed by Dr G. P. Talwar. This vaccine, which
has been under development for some years, has completed with
success most of the preliminary phases of tests and experimentation
and offers every hope that it may become widely available within
"the next two to three years not only in India but abroad also. If it
fulfils all the hopes that it seems to justify, it will take its place
as one of the greatest medical discoveries and achievements which
over the centuries have studded humanity's path towards a better
life· All the previous efforts were mainly directed at controlling or
eliminating disease and promoting health and longevity. A successful
anti-pregnancy vaccine could playas significant and beneficial a
role by enabling humanity to plan or control the growth of its num-
bers in keeping with its economic resources so as to achieve a higher
standard of health, prosperity and happiness for all human beings.
The fact that this great step forward in the march of the human
race towards its ultimate destiny will have been initiated and deve-
loped in India by Indians is something of which we may all well
be proud.
The Family Planning Foundation, as a people's organisation,
continues to operate through a growing network of institutions and
exports and leaders in industry, in Government and invarious pro-
fessions, working in close coordination with the Ministry of Health
and Family Planning. The Foundation has been constantly engaged in
seeking new strategies and methods that will be effective in family
planning. Its financial support for programmes has grown steadily
since 1972. Up to 31 December, 1975 the Foundation had supported
78 projects to a total extent of Rs 59.46 lakhs. A summary of
important details of projects and programmes is described in the
Executive Director's report elsewhere in these pages.
The experience that the Foundation has had in the last few years
of active funding, and some of the promising projects it has
undertaken, show that it has a significant role to play in the years
ahead in family planning. To pursue its objectives, it must necessarily
enlarge the scope of its programme of activities, and this implies an
augmentation in the resources that it can mobilise and apply to this
rang~ of added activity.
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The main limiting factor in the Foundation's efforts has been and
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continues to lie in the dearth of finance. While it has obtained valu-
able support from the Ford Foundation, for which it is deeply
grateful, the Foundation must continue to depend mainly on donations
from private and corporate organisations within the business and
industrial community of our own country. I regret to say that with
one important exception We have failed up to now to obtain from
them the support that our efforts and the great cause to which they
are devoted justify, particularly in the light of the fact that under
the extremely generous exemptions from income tax under Section
35(1)(ii)of the Income Tax Act, the net cost of donations of corporate
donors, particularly those profitable enough to pay surtax, is
only a fraction of the amounts donated· We are renewing our efforts
to obtain greater support from the industrial and business commu-
nity in the hope, I trust not too forlorn, that it will come to realiS'e
that its long-term interests,. and perhaps survival, depend largely
on the success or failure of the country's family planning programme.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
On 8 March 1975 our esteemed colleague on the Governing Board,
Mr T. S. Krishna, passed away. In him we lost a good friend of the
Foundation and a strong supporter of its programmes. During the
course of the year, Mr Jaykrishna Harivallabhdas and Mr Bhasker
Mitter completed their tenure of membership of the Governing
Board. Our sincere gratitude goes to all of them for their .enduring
interest in the work of the Foundation. The vacancies on the Board
were filled by Mr B. M. Khaitan, Mr A. L. Mudaliar and Mr Arvind
N. Lalbhai.
There have been changes in the compositionof the Advisory Coundl
and also the Advisory Panel. To all those who have retired, I on
behalf of the Foundation convey its appreciation and gratitude for
their sustained interest, valuable guidance and advice during their
association with the Foundation. The Foundation welcomes the new
members and looks forward with enthusiasm to their help in
developing meaningful programmes.
I would like to take this opportunity to convey our sincere thanks
to the Government, particularly the Ministry of Health and Family
Planning for their continuing interest in and support to the
Foundation, responsive to its needs.
I cannot conclude without stressing that such a success as we have
had, is due to the splendid teamwork of the Foundation's staff,. as
well as to the individual social workers, professionals, experts and
6
scientists who have so kindly responded to our requests for help
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I present now the Auditors' report and accounts for the year ended
31 December 1975 given from page 109 to 120.
Donations: Details of donations received from various sources
during the year are micated in the annexed accounts. It will be
seen that out of Rs 35.97 lakhs received duringthe year, Rs 8.87 lakhs
was from the Ford Foundation and Rs 25 lakhs from Tata Chemicals,
the latter being the single largest donation ever received by the
Foundation·
Total donations received up to 31 December 1975 were Rs 92,59,105,
including Rs 24,13,033 from the Ford Foundation. Regionwise details
of donations raised in India are as under:
Bombay
Rs 50,07,600
(73.2%)
Calcutta
Rs 7,42,100
(10.8%)
Ahmedabad
Rs 5,66,000
( 8.2%)
Delhi
Rs 2,95,872
( 4.4%)
Madras
Rs 2,34,500
( 3.4%)
The second fund-raising drive, which was launched towards the
end of 1975, has just gained momentum and further responses are
awaited.
Expenditure: As against the overall budget of Rs 3.41 lakhs the
expenditure for the year was Rs 3.14 lakhs. The expenditure has been
'kept well within the budget despite the fact the Foundation is in the
intensive as well as extensive stages of supporting and monitoring
projects.
Budget for 1976 : Considering the limited funds at the disposal of
the Foundation,. it was decided to maintain the level of financial
support for new projects during the year 1976 as for 1975, namely
Rs 20 lakhs. However, the bUdget for establishment expenditure had
to be raised to Rs 4.48 lakhs on: account of appointments of a Prog-
ramme Director and other technical and secretarial staff commensu-·
rate with the work involved. These new posts had been sanctioned in
principle over a year ago but were not filled until the need became
inescapable.
The Foundation has a lOllg-:range plan to enlarge and further
diversify its activities, for which it has to look to the advisory bodies
and experts for technical support and also to the business community
in the country for financial support.
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In my report to the Governing Board, last year I stated inter alia
that
(1) there was no organized political will in the country in favour
of family planning;
(2) the (health care) infrastructure continued to be comparatively
unresponsive to the challenge involved in developing a viable
family planning programme;
(3) the performance in family planning had gone down nationally;
and
(4) there would be politicisation of population issues in the coming·
yeats (this was said in relation to the Bucharest Conference;
anticipating that there may be some developments in this dir-
ection in the Indian context).
Developments in: the past few months with regard to population
control have changed very significantly, especially on each of the
above four points. An attempt will be made in the following pages
to describe these changes and later briefly explain their implications
for famiLy planning efforts and policy. This initial exercise will it is
hoped help in understanding the work of the Foundation more mean-
ingfully and relevantly.
Emergence of Political Will in Favour of Family Planning
Beginning with the Prime Minister's letter to the sarpanches of
every village in the country in the World Population Year 1974 in
conTIJectionwith arresting the rapid growth in population and her
speech read out at the National Conference on Population (NCP) in
absentia, the:same year, in which she called for galvanising theexis-
ting infrastructure and dynamically gearing it to the work of family
planning within the framework of the country's developmental policy,
a series of events have occurred to bring about political legitimation
of family planning efforts for the first time.
In her NCP speech she advocated the need for a family planning
programme based on our own perception and understanding of the
problem rather than on factors emanating from outside or policies
dictated by such sources. At its annual session at Chandigarh in
December 1975 the Indian National Congress for the first time made
family planning an integral part of its political ideology and prog-
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ramme of socio-economic development. The Youth Congress is also
supporting family planning activities with great vigour.
The recently announced National Population Policy is a radical
departure from the past because it gives much more attention to this
vital nation building activity and is more realistic and relevant to
national requirernents. It has been welcomed generally throughout
the country. The new policy gives a deservedly high place to decreas-
ing the number of humans on the basis of an activated family plan-
ning programme. Earlier there was some dilution of this programme
when it was linked to the developmental process but family planning
is now visualised as a radical programme within a radical population
policy.
The challenge of the new population policy will be at three levels .
in making the infrastructure respond to the challenge; motivating
people to accept radical measures; and preparing to face the prolong-
ed consequences of a policy which may affect the structure of society
as a whole, more especially that of the family.
Making the Health Care Infrastructure Relevant and Effective
A welcome development in the past year has been the Srivastava
Committee report, "Health Services and Medical Education: A Pro-
gramme of Immediate Action." This report points out the inadequacy,
and in .some ways the irrelevance, of the present system of medical
education and the kind of health care service it generates and sus-
tains. The report calls for radical changes in the system and the crea-
tion of a new cadre of workers as part of a new philosophy of health
care. It advocates a health care setup which recognises the primacy
of people as part of a community. It suggests the creation of commu-
nity-based health workers at the village level, selected from the
village or community itself.
This has real relevance to family planm..1g when it is realised that
70 to 90 percent of the deliveries of children in villages take place
outside the health care system. Delivery in village homes and general
health practices represent a system of health care that is part of ;~
continuing health culture of rural life. The primary health centre
(PHC) is essentially an extension of a high-technology-oriented
health philosophy which brings about an uneasy relationship with the
health culture of the people. The Srivastava Committee attempted to
harmonise the two health cultures, probably for the first time, as
part of a policy effort. Conceptually, this was a laudable effort and
long overdue. It has however not gone far enough and suggested
strategies which would bring about changes at critical levels,especi-
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ally those with vested interests in the status quo- But with the enun-
ciation of the new population policy there should be a serious attempt
to implement the committee's recommendations.
Improved Family Planning Programme
There seems to be an overall spurt in the family planning perfor-
mance in the last year, more particularly in the number of steriIisa-
tions. Their number was nearly 2.7 million in April 1975-March
1976, the highest for a normal year. This is double the figure for the
preceding 12 months. Another significant development is the large
increase in tubectomies. In Andhra Pradesh, for instance, they
accounted for 80 percent of the .sterilisations last year. Other signi-
ficant developments are the better performance on the tea estates in
the eastern region and in the public sector industries in general.
The improvement in performance is by and large ascribed to two
reasons, stricter monitoring from the Centre and gearing the state
to achieving the fixed targets. The States are being made accountable
for the grants received. The active involvement of political leaders
in these activities in several states has given. a fillip to the overall
programme. While these trends seem encouraging their full demogra··
phic impact has yet to be assessed, and also how the system is being
made more responsive.
Family planning programmes have not made any significant impact
on the rapid population growth in the past two and a half decades.
The basic pronatalist culture of our people, coupled with theinade-
quacies of contraceptive technology, delivery systems, motivational
methodologies and population policy itself, were primarily responsi-
ble for the failure to achieve the desired performance. To these great
difficulties must be added the challenge of the new population policy
and its implementation. While this policy seems to have a large degree
of support, its radical content will create its own: problems to a
considerable extent. One of the problems is the likelihood of seeing
political meaning in other developmental or welfare measures.
Implications
In short, family planning and its philosophy and programmes have
reached a critical point in the country's history· There is much that
is exciting and promising in it, and much that calls for caution in
radicalising efforts needing greater preparation and will. The Family
Planning Foundation has 'in the past few years played a supportive
role to the Government in a creative spirit. Because of its compara-
tive independence it has operated with a large degree of flexibility.
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In the choice of the projects for support, the identification of insti-
tutional and individual capabilities for programmes and projects and
developing mechanisms for funding and promoting, it has 30ught rele-
vance and excellence. To these must be added the quality of expedi-
tious response in the Foundation's role.
The Foundation will seek a more active and dynamic involvement
in its family planning and promotional efforts, keeping in mind the
new population policy, especially its urgency and radical content.
The Advisory Council has given general guidance in this regard. With
the help of its experts, and with the cooperation of the Government.
the Foundation will undertake a number of projects and programmes
in this connection·
GENERAL REVIEW
As in the earlier reports, the attempt here will be to present a
cumulative picture of the work done so far, concentrating however
on the year under review.
Increasing Initiative of the Foundation
While the progress of each programme/project is reported later in
these pages, an attempt will also be made briefly to indicate some
highlights of this work against the background of how the Foundation
has functioned.
The funding and promoting roles have been really supplementary
and complementary. While applications for project assistance have
not increased in number, the general approach has been to develop
projects jointly with suitable institutions and individuals. (The num-
ber of individuals has, however, not been high.) The initiative in
developing joint projects has often lain with the Foundation, and
there are two reasons for this. Innovative areas for research and
demonstration are comparatively unknown to voluntary organisations
even if they have the will to take up new programmes. This of course
will not apply to institutions involved in basic research-such as in
reproductive biology-and special institutions like those engaged in
communication need minimum interaction. In the second category it
is necessary to find out their requirements and whether the Founda-
tion has a meaningful role in their research. In the behavioural and
sociological areas there is a general lack ~f interest in population
research, and here the initiative is more with the Foundation. It plays
a promotional role along with its funding objectives, and this is some-
times quite time-eonsuming.
This stance has resulted in the valuable association of the Founda-
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Hon with a number of institutions and organisations in a number of
projects and programmes. Project ideas are developed through a task
group in some instances, and an institution is identified later to deve-
lop and experiment in them.
AN OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS
SOfar 70 projects have been supported as indicated in Table I belo,,"
Amount involved
Rs (lakhs)
1. Completed or nearing completion
2. Ongoing
9.92
49.54
*Total
59.46
* Ten pr~rammes were supported in connection with World ,Population
Year. In the table above, some of these have been clubbed together and
shown as one project. Similarly, the publication of three volumes of the
sltatus study of Population Research in India has been taken as part of a
project.
Many planning grants sanctioned earlier were converted into large-
scale action proj"ects in the last year. The Foundation also expanded
its area of operation by funding projects in 14 States as opposed to
ten States covered up to December 1974.
Bihar
New Delhi*
Gujarat
Jammu & Kashmir
Kerala
Madhya Pradesl
Maharashtra
Mysore
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
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B/F
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Not applicable**
Total
* These include studies by individualsiinsltitutions based in Delhi with the
actual studies relating to a larger area.
** These projects have no regional or state relevance in terms of their
location.
This expansion in the activities of the Foundation in the last year
was however more important in relation to the type of project funded
as Table III shows:
1. Information, education and communication (including
training)
9
2. Action and operational research
15
3. (Non-biomedical) research and studies
20
4. Biomedical research
4
5. Seminars, conferences, etc
8
6. Commissioned publications
6
7. Partially financed publications (in connection with
World Population Year)
5
8. Planning grants
6
Total 73*
* Figure 73 is due to the fact that some of the programmes consis't of
more than one project.
As seen in Table III, there has been a large increase in the number
of action projects. involving communication and training. Several
effective methodologies still need to be developed in this important
area of family planning, and the Foundation has taken a big step by
sponsoring programmes varying. from training rural leaders and
paramedical staff to the place of sex and population education among
students. Besides, the Family Planning Foundation has emphasised
the importance of communication through mass media by sanctioning
grants for the production of two films on population and family
planning.
Another important aim of the Foundation which is being met is
playing a supportive but creative role to Government. In collabora-
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tiolllwith the Union Government of India, it has begun a large action-·
cum-research project on different aspects of Medical Termination of
Pregnancy (MTP).
The number of publications the Foundation has commissioned or
financed continues to rise. Some of these have a very high research
value for policy makers and those belonging to the scientific commu-
nity. Other publications for the lay reader have also been well
received.
CONTINUING PROBLEMS AND NEW CHALLENGES
While some of the ongoing work of the Foundation like developing
new project ideas, promotional work, general liaison with the Gov-
ernment and interaction with international organisations for joint
funding have been proceeding satisfactorily, some problems continue
to dog it. Some of them may be traced to an increase in its workload
and lack of adequate staff. Some problems are enumerated below:
1. There have been a few instances of inadequate supervision and
monitoring of projects because it was not possible for our staff
to visit the projects as often as necessary. It was often found
difficult to set up special panels for the purpose of study and
monitoring. This particular should be solved to a considerable
extent with the addition of new staff sanctioned by the Foun-
dation, more especially the Programme Directors.
2. A certain imbalance has also been noticeable in the proportion
of effort that has gone into the Foundation's work. Promotional
work to develop programme ideas into projects and to involve
important agencies in family planning often takes a dispropor-
tionate time at the cost of ongoing projects. This imbalance too
should be corrected in the coming months with the addition of
new staff, especially in consolidating old projects.
3. More than half a dozen project reports have been sent to ex-
perts for comment and assessment. There has been considerable
delay in this regard for the following reasons:
(a) The report of a good, well-experimented project is often
badly written. M}lchtime and patience is needed to rewrite
it.
(b) In some instances a report needs to be rewritten on the
basis of the comments of the experts.
(c) It has not been possible to study the reports expeditiously
and prepare them for early publication because of lack of
staff. Special part-time staff would therefore be needed !or
15
editorial work.
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4. Formulating project ideas and identifying suitable organisations
to develop them is also time-consuming, and so is preparing
the necessary organisation.
But along with these handicaps there are exciting challenges which
the Foundation is taking up. Some of these are:
i) Interacting with resistant groups to develop projects on educa-
tion and motivation within the framework of demonstration
and experiment. Initial interaction with the Jamia Millia,
New Delhi, shows real .promise. So also does interaction with
the Nizamia Educational Trust for Women in Hyderabad. We
have already funded a project on population education for non-
school-going youth in Kashmir, Initial contacts have been
established with Aligarh University, and a project might
materialise after further interaction. Informal task groups of
Muslims, social scientists and other persons of influence in
technology and religion are being appointed to draft a plan of
action the Foundation could examine with a view to project
support and promotion.
ii) The Foundation has begun interaction with the Ministry of
Agriculture and Food and the various agricultural universities
to develop programmes of populatiGn education suitable for
farme~s. It is already working on such a project, and the
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation has shown
some interest in it. The basic idea is to make population
education part of extension education.
Hi) Two small projects having a bearing on Habitat are underway.
One of them deals with slum women living below the poverty
line and gathering information about their fertility behaviour
through case studies.
iv) The work of Dr D.N. Pai (Bombay) with integrated family
planning services, including MTP, has met with considerable
success. Two projects, one in a rural area in Maharashtra, and
another in Kanpur, in Uttar Pradesh, are being developed for
the Foundation's support.
v) Another project now being conceptualised identifies six
successful experiments with community health workers in the
Indian setting. These are an Indian version of China's barefoot
doctors. Several case studies are being prepared as a basis for
developing a strategy of training manpower by the Government.
INTERACTION WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
16
To expand its financial base the Foundation has for some years
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been interacting with some international funding organisations. Most
of these interactions have been informal, and the Government has
been kept in the picture at every stage. Interaction with the Ford
Foundation has so far resulted in two concrete collaborative efforts.
As already known, there is the matching grant of the Ford Founda-
tion to contribute Re 1 for every Rs 3 the Family Planning
Foundation raises. This has turned out to be a continuing relationship.
Another project costing Rs 20 lakhs has been jointly funded by the
two foundations. Its basic thrust is to bring leading biomedical
scientists to India to work in suitable laboratories to upgrade research
efforts in the country. Another component of the project is to identify
promising biomedical scientists in India and help them to upgrade
their skill and experience through a programme of career develop-
ment. (This project is reported in the succeeding pages.)
As already reported, the Foundation has prepared a report for the
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which is seeking an
expanded and more relevant role in population and family planning
in the country. The report and supplementary comments on the
report have been submitted to UNICEF, and it is understood that
both UNICEF and the Union Government are studying it. These
effcrts might result in a number of joint-funding projects.
There is a possibility of FAO coming in as a joint-funding agency
on a project we are developing in collaboration with the Ministry of
Agriculture, Irrigation and Community Development on population
education for rural communities.
Out interaction with the World Bank, and the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has still
to take concrete shape. The Foundation was expecting a large grant
from an international agency last year, but this did not materialise.
In anticipation of receiving it the Advisory Council approved priority
areas for programme development on a perspective basis for five
years. As the grant has not been received no formal action has been
taken in this regard.
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COMPLETED PROJECTS
No.
Project
PROJECTSl PROGRAMMES SUPPORTED BY
FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
Amount
(Rs)
Sanctioned
Principal Investigator/
Project Director
Status Study on Population Research in mdia
(Three Volumes - Behavioural Sciences, Demography
and BiomediCal).
Analy$is of Secondary Data to Determine Wastage
of ChildreJ;l,
,
Training-cum-Action in Pregnancy CounselUng.
Survey of Family Planning Education in the Schools
of Socil;llWork i,n I'ndia.
Evaluation of Gujarat State Massive Vasectomy
Campaign.
A Study of the Population Policy and Legal
Framework.
Evolving Sectoral Strategies for Family Planning
Progra~es in Industries.
Seminar and Summer Institute in Family Planning
for Social Work Education.
Vol. I - Prof U ,Pareek/
DrTVRao
Vol. II. - Mr S P Jain
Vol. III - Prof G P 'l'alwar
Dr Surjit Kaur & Dr Prodipto Roy
Council for Social Development
Late Mrs Mary Clubwala Jadhav
and '
Dr T Janardanan
Guild of Service (Central)
Prof S N Ranade
Dr K N George
Association of the Schools of Social
Work in India.
Mr D V N Sarma
OperationS ~search Group,
Baroda.
Dr S C Kashyap
Dr Phul Chand
Institute for Constitutional and
ParliamentarY Studies..
Dr Samuel Paul
Prof C N S Nambudiri
Prof B R Sharma
Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad.
Mr' Pradip Dalal
Dr K D Gangrade
Prof K N George
Association of Schools of Social
Work in India.
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Project
No.
Title
10.1 Seminar of Key Decision Makers in the Sarvodaya
Movement in India.
11. Workshop on Developing Integrated Material on
:ramiJ,y.Life Planning Education.
13. An Across the 'Board Survey of UNICEF's
Involvement in Population Activities in India.
Amount
Sanctioned
(Rs)
Principal Investigatorl
Project Director
Prof Sugata Dasgupta
Gandhian Institute of Studies,
Varanasi.
Mr E C Shaw
Literacy House,
Lucknow.
Prof. Sugata Dasgupta
Gandhian Institute of Studies,
Varanasi.
.FarnilyPJa,nning Foundation -
14. Initiating a Programme of Integrated Health
maximising Participation of the Voluntary Agencies.
15. Functional Literacy and Family Life Planning
Education.
16. AdhOCGrant to Support Core Staff of Population
.Council of India.
17. Study of Sex Differentiation in Parental Attitudes
'towards Female Children as indicated- Through
Child Rearing Practices.
18. "Sex Education" - A Seminar.
19. Symposium on Chemistry, Biology and Immunology
of Gonadotropins.
20. XXVI International Congress of Physiological
Sciences.
DrKNRao
Population Council of India,
New Delhi.
Dr M P Dadhich
Bikaner Adult Education
Association.
Dr B N Ganguli
Population Council of India,
New Delhi.
Mrs Tara AU Baig
Indian Council for Child Welfare.
Mrs Tara AU Baig
Indian Council for Child Welfare.
Prof N R Moudgal
Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore.
Prof B K Anand, and
Dr S K Manchanda
All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi.
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Project
No.
Title
21. Symposium on Neurcendocrine Regulation of
Fertility.
22. Symposium on "Regulation of Growth and
Differentiated Function in Eukaryote Cells".
23. Symposium on' "Non Human Primates in
Biomedical Research."
24. Publication of report on "Recent Advances in
Contraceptive Technology,"
25. "Organisation of Simultaneous Eye & Family
Planning CampS and a 'Study of Their Mutual
Impact,"
26. Programmes in Connection with World, Population
Year.
i) Publication of book - "Population and Development
, in India, 1947-2000".
iii) Special Population Issue of YWCA Journal
"Today".
'
iv) Special 'Bulletinof the Population Council of
India.
v) Special Iss~e of the AIPP Journal "Panchayat Aur
Insan".
vi) Publication of "Studies in Family Planning in
India."
Amount
Principal Investigator/
Sanctioned Project Director
(Rs)
.
,
20,000* Dr T C Anand Kumar
All India I'nstitute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi.
15,000* Prof G P Talwar
All India l'nstitute of Medlcal
Scienc~, New Delhi.
15,000* Prof M R N Prasad
rhe Indian National Science
Academy.
4,000* Dr K R Laumas
All India l'nstitute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi.
5,000* State Bank of India and
Lok Kalyan Samiti.
Page No.
43
43
44
44
4S
46
Dr Asok Mitra
Prof Ashish Bose
Dr P B Desai
Indian Association for the Study
of Population.
Christian Medical Association of
India, Bangalore.
YWCA
New Delhi
Population Council of India.
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Project
No.
vii) Publication of "Voluntary Effort in FP
Subsidy for Printing
ix) Seminar in Connection with World Population
Year.
xl Congress of All India Gynaecologists &
Obstetricians.
Amount
Sanctioned
(Rs)
5,000
5,000*
Principal Investigator/
Project Director •
Institute of Constitutional &
Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi.
Miss A George
Kerala University.
Dr (Mrs) A Das
Ministry of Health and
Family Planning.
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A number of projects have matured in the second half of 1975 and
the earlier half of 1976, and reports on them have been submitted
in manuscript form· The following books were published earlier:
1. Population in India's Development (IASP), by Bose, Desai,
Mitra -and Sharma.
2. A Status Study on Population Research in India, Vol I:
Behavioural Science, by Pareek and Rao.
3. A Status Study on Population Research in India, Vol II:
Demography, by Jain.
4. A Status Study on Population nesearch in India, Vol III:
Biomedical Aspects, by Talwar.
5. Voluntary Effort in Family Planning, by Kamla lVIankekar.
The following material is scheduled to be published as books or
as reports in the course of this year:
1. Evolving Sectoral Strategy for Family Planning Programmes in
Industry, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
(There is also a plan to bring out six case studies based on the
extension of this study. The case studies focus on successful
family planning work in industry.)
2. A Study of Population Policy and legal Framework, Institute
of Parliamentary and Constitutional Studies" New Delhi. (There
is a plan to update the project in view of the new legislation
on the subject.)
.
3. Analysis of Secondary Data to Determine Wastage of Children,
Council for Social Development, New Delhi.
4. Training-cum-Action in Pregnancy Counselling, Guild 'of Service.
Madras.
5. Population Education for University Youth, School of Social
Work, Delhi.
Some reports of seminars have been published, while some others
will be brought out in _cyclostyled form.
A regular policy on publication needs to be worked out. Mean..
while, we are subsidising the cost of books meant for the scientific
community·
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Title of
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 50,000,also a supplementary grant Qf Rs 20,000 for the publication
of the reports. Total amount Rs 70,000.
Staffing
Pattern
,
Background
Current
Status
The study is basically a revi.ew of the current status of population
research in India. It tries to pin-point the trends of research and the
needs of future research in terms of the country's needs.
The study was commissioned through experts in the respective fields
of behavioural research in family planning (Prof Udai Pareek and
Dr T V Rao), demography (Mr S P Jain) and biomedical research
(Prof G P Talwar).
.
Population research has been going on in the country for quite some
time, but has by and large been uneven and conducte'd more on the
basis of the felt needs of the Government and individuals from time
to time. There is no evidence of a basic approach to the subject as
part of a development or population policy. It was felt that the
status study· of population would stimulate th€ research community
into more meaningful involvement in population research. It would
also help the Government.
The three volumes in the series have been published by Tata
McGraw-HilI: The first two volumes-on the behavioural sciences
and demography--eame out in time, but the volume on 'biomedical
sciences was considerably delayed. All three volutnes have been well
received. The scientific community in particular has welcomed these
publications. At the time of commissioning the project the number
of studies on management having a bearing on population were
negligible. Since then however many have been taken up. The
Foundation is taking steps to commission a fourth volume on
management' to complete the series.
A decision has been taken to summarise alL four studies and prepare
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a report that could be used by adinir.istrators and policy-makers in
work related to population.
Title of
the Project
Submitted by Dr Surjit Kaur and Dr Prodipto Roy of the Council for Social
Development (CSD), New Delhi.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 51,200 (incluclin8 planning grant of Rs 5,000).
Objectives
To determine, by reanalysing data already collected through various
studies, the wastage of children per couple in the States of Haryana,
Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya and Andhra Pradesh. More specifically the
project would take into account:
•
a. the nature and extent of infant and childhood mortality among
male and female offspring in the rural and urban sample groups.
Infant mortality is being studied in terms of peri-natal, neo-natal
and post-natal mortality;
b. estimates of pregnancy wastage rates in relation to socio-economic
and demographic characteristics associated with high or low
wastage;
c. whether child wastage and pregnancy wastage, separately or
jointly, are correlated to attitudes to and adoption of family
planning.
Background
25
1. Although accurate data are not available wastage of pregnancy
and child and infant life in India is about the highest in the world.
This has perhaps generated parental fears about the survival of their
progeny to adulthood and consequently to hesitation in limiting
families.
2. Since nearly 70 to 90 percent of births in the rural areas occur
outside the hospital system or institutional care it is difficult to arrive
at the correct figures necessary for deploying resources and planning
health programmes. The present project attempts to arrive at
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Current
Status
accurate figures in this regard by analysing the available data
further.
Data have been collected and compiled and the final report received.
The report has been sent to two experts for evaluation. It will be
published by the end of the year.-
Title of
) the Project
Submitted by Late Mrs Mary Clubwala Jadhav and Dr T Janardhanan of Guild
of Service (Central), Madras.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 99,000.
Objectives -
The aim of the project was to evolve a suitab~e training programme
and educational material to help volunteers take up pregnancy
counselling with a view to developing more responsible popular
attitudes toward contraceptive practices and abortions. More SPeCifi-
cally, its objectives were:
1· to offer training'in pregnancy counselling to housewives and
women community leaders to develop them as· counsellors;
2, to assess the effectiveness of the training programme, and the
methodology for training volunteers;
3. to develop a manual on Pregnancy counselling; and
4. to assess the impact of the counselling scheme on health and
family planning practi<;es.
Background
26
It has been estimated that prior to the Medical Termination of
Pregnancy Act nearly 6 million illegal abortions took place yearly
in the country. The number of abortions performed in hospitals has
been growing slowly .since the act came into operation.
The provision of easy services to end pregnancy develops an
apathetic attitude towards contraception and women may resort to
repeated abortions at the risk of their health. There is therefore an
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immediate need to provide factually correct information, advice and
services to the public. The project aimed at training women
volunteers drawn from the community and developing them as
counsellors.
The Madras School of Social Work provided research support to
the programme.
'
Brief Review 1. The study shows that the rate of acceptance of family planning
of Progress went up.
2. One significant finding was that many women with delayed
periods were going to quacks, suspecting pregnancy. The project
staff organised pregnancy detecting services at a clinic, and it was
discovered that a large majority of the women concerned had not
actually conceived. This helped to develop a good image of the
project in the area.
3. The great majority of children in the project area were not
vaccinated. The project personnel referred such cases to a hospital.
4. An important service the project provided was home care. Women
who wanted to end their pregnancy or to be sterilised were financially
assisted to arrange for a friend or relation to look after their homes
and children. The women suggested the names of such caretakers
and the project paid between Rs 5 and Rs 15 per day as their
remuneration.
Current
Status
The project report was received a few mQnths ago,. but it is not
satisfactory from the point of view of· research component. The
project has however been on the whole worthwhile in testing the
effectiveness of paramedical and parasocial workers in family plann-
ing and MTP work. The report is being critically examined with a
view to helping the Guild -to rewrite it.
'ritle of
the Project
Survey of Family Planning Education in the Schools of Social Work
in India.
Submitted by Prof K N. George of the Association of Schools of Social Work in
India (ASSWI), Madras.
Venue
27
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Budget
Sanctioned
To conduct a survey of family planning content in training for
social work; research in family planning in schools of social work;
an_demployment opportunities for graduates in social work.
1. The ASSWI decided to explore ways of improving and expanding
family planning work. A committee was set up under the chair-
manship of Prof S N Ranade to study the situation and suggest
what action schools of social work should take to develop:
a. courses on population and family planning for social work
students;
b. short-term orientation training programmes;
c. research-cum-action projects; and
d. case records and other literature.
2. The study covered both undergraduate and post graduate institu-
tions, numbering about 30 in all.· It proposed to provide:
a detaile9 information on the existing conditions with regard to
teaching family planning such as topics covered, time devoted
to teaching these topics, courses in which these topics are
distributed, the background of the instructors in family
planning topics and so on;
b. the nature of field instruction in family planning, the duration
of such instruction, when field work placements were made,
and whether all the students got an opportunity for field work
in family planning;
c. research conducted in family pIaniting both by students and
faculties; and
d. information on number of students currently undergoing
instruction.
3. Two sets of questionnaires were prepared, one for the schools and
the other for the students. In addition the project staff visited
social institutions to collect data.
Brief Review
of Progress
1. The study report has been submitted to the Foundation. Besides
providing useful information about the schools of social work and
their current involvement in family planning, it points out that the
contribution of trained social workers to family planning research
was practically negligible ..
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Current
Status
2. Among other important findings were:
a. the schools needed to strengthen their theoretical as well as
field instruction in family planning; and
b. their teachers themselves needed orientation in family
planning.
The report on the seminar and the summer institute has been
published. But follow-up action, which involves, among other things,
developing projects for use in the schools, has not been forthcoming.
Title of
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 44,000 (Partial support as the Government of Gujarat also gave
financial support.)
The study aimed at :
1. analysing and evaluating the factors relevant to the family
planning programm~ in Gujarat;
2. stUdying the role played by various. government agencies,
Panchayats, motivators and others during the campaign;
3. examining the characteristics of the acceptors and non-acceptors;
and
4. identifying the factors responsible for varying performances.
In the wake of the impressive mass vasectomy campaign in
Ernakulam, Kerala, the Gujarat Government organised similar
action from 15 November 1971 to 14. January 1972. In this
campaign a record total of 2,23.1'16o0perations were performed,
and its success generated much interest in the approach adopted.
The study sets out to ascertam which factors led to comparative
success of the programme.
The Government of Gujarat collaborated in this study and
provided part of the finance besides lending the services of some
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Brief Review The report inter alia brings out the need to provide incentives
of the Project through the existing system by galvanising the panchayats and other
developmental infrastructure.
Current
Status
The project report has been received and after it has been reviewed
by experts ORG will be asked to rewrite it. The Foundation will
then decide on its publication.
Title of
the Project
Submitted by Dr S C Kashyap/Dr Phul Chand of the Institute for Constitutional
and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi. (Dr Phul Chand took over
as Director after Dr Kashyap left.)
Budget
Sanctioned
30
The project sought to :
a. examine the national population policy from various angles,
namely political. social and economic, with reference to needs
as well as means;
b. analyse the existing framework of law having a bearing, either
real or notional, On population policy;
c. evaluate the legal framework with reference to the explicitly
stated aims of legislation;
d. identify and analyse the intended as well as unintended conse-
quences of the legal framework;
e. examine the administrative support available for implementing
the laws;
f. examine the scope to frame laws to encourage family planning;
g. examine the areas of conflict between different laws so as to
identify areas of legislation which need to be attuned to population
policy;
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Current
Status
h. examine gaps between policy and legal framework so as to
identify areas needing legislative action.
The project was primarily a library study and was ~imed at explor-
ing the nature and extent of legislative support to popul~tion policy.
analyse lags between law and policy, and to examine various
alternative policies.
The project report has been received by the Foundation. It has
certain lacunae and needs radical revision. Besides, with the
announcement of the new population policy the project needs to be
recommissioned and -steps are being taken in this 9irection.
Title of
the Project
Evolving Sectoral Strategies for Family Planning Programmes in In-
dustries.
Submitted by Comniissioned by the Family Planning Foundation through the
Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad, and conducted
by Dr Samuel Paul, Prof eNS. Nambudiri and Prof B R Sharma
Budget
Sanctioned
The overall objective of the project was to formulate strategies which
would enable the industrial sector to play a more effective role in
promoting family planning among its employees. The strategy so for-
mulated covered the following areas:
a. the goals of the family planning programme in the industrial sec-
tor;
b.. the targets to be fixed to achieve these goals;
c. the procedures for revising the targets in the light of the evalua-
tion of the programme;
d. the programmes and plans needed to influence the target units to
undertake an effective and sustained family planning programme;
e. the resources required and their organisation and deployment to
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Current
Status
provide adequate support to the target units;
f. the identification and development of organisations which could
be linked to implement the strategy effectively;
g. the determination of the managerial resources and organisational
set-up required to coordinate, direct and evaluate the programme;
and
h. the projects, plans and guidelines to be followed by individual
industrial units to implement the overall programme.
The draft report of the study has been received by the .l"oundation
and reviewed by experts. The Foundation has asked 11M, Ahmeda-
bad, to convene a seminar of experts in the concerned field to discuss
the findings Qf the study. But this has been postponed because Prof
Nambudiri is away in Nigeria. Follow-up action on the study to
initiate demonstration programmes in selected industries in different
parts of the country will be taken on receipt of the report of the
seminar.
Meanwhile, it is proposed to publish the report of the study In book
form. The report identifies a special strategy for family planning for
the industrial sector within the existing programme and policy of
the Government-
As a. sequel to this effort six industries are' being examined and case
studies are being prepared. These will also be published. This work
is being undertaken by Dr J K Satia and othl:!r members of the In-
stitute of Manag~ment.
Title of
the Project
.'
Population Education for University Students (University Population
au~.
'
Submitted by Dr G K Gangrade. (The initial work done by Dr Pradip Dalal need-
ed to be recast and done over again).
Budget
Sanctioned
32
Rs 40,000, also supplementary grant of Rs 31,000, totalling Rs 71,000
for two, years.
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Current
Status
To develop a suitable programme, content, methodology and struc-
ture for population education at the university level·
The project aims at developing a population education programme
suitable for college-going students based on their perceptions and
attitudes. Baseline data provided the rationale for developing the
educational methodology for the programme.
The report of the study has been received. it is currently being re-
viewed by experts. It will be published after the project Director
revises the draft in the light of the comments of the experts.
Title of
Seminar and Summer Institute in Family Planning for Social Work
the Project Education.
-
Submitted by Prof K N George, of the Association of Schools of Social Work in
India (ASSWI), Madras.
Venue
Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning, Gandhigram, Tamil
Nadu.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 38,311.
Objectives
1. To organise a: seminar of heads of social work institutions to dis-
cuss a· curriculum which reflects a perspective of social development
and family planning.
2· To organise a summer institute for faculty members to enable
them to assume responsibility for teaching family planning and or-
ganising and conducting field work.
Background
ASSWI, an organisation concerned with 'prOfessional standards of
education in .social work, felt the need to seek meaningful involve-
ment in population and family planning. This felt need led to the
organisation of a seminar and summer institute.
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Current
Status
Earlier, reports of the seminar and the institute were mimeographed
and circulated. Another report was printed recently and distributed
widely to schools of social work and other interested parties.
Title of
the Project
Seminar of Key Decision-Makers in the Sarvodaya Movement in
India.
Submitted by Prof Suga~a Dasgupta, of the Gandhian Institute of Studies, Vara·-
nasi.
Budget
Sanctioned
Cur~ent
Status
To assess the role of the Sarvodaya movement in the programme of
population control and visualise a population policy bearing in rri.ind
the basic values of Gandhian philosophy.
At a meeting of key members of the Sarva Sewa Sangh it was de-
cided to initiate a dialogue between Gandhians and population ex··
perts· as a preliminary to redefining the Gandhian standpoint on the
population question. It was also decided at this meeting that the
Gandhian Institute of Studies should convene a seminar of the deci-
sion-makers and family planning experts to disct\\ss relevant issues.
The report of the seminar has been received by the Foundation and
reviewed by experts. Its publication will be considered along with
the reports of zonal workshops for grassroot-Ievel Sarvodaya wor-
kers, which have also been financed by the Foundation~ The findings
of the zonal seminars,. along with those of the national meet, will
be published in a single publication.
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Title of
the Project
Workshop on Developing Integrated Material on Family Life Plan-
ning Education.
• Submit-ted by Mr E C Shaw, of Literacy House, Lucknow.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 7,750.
Objectives
The primary purpose of the workshop was to develop and prepare
integrated material on family life planning and family planning for
target groups like agricJllturists, women and young people who do
not attend school.
Background
Concerned at the lack of appropriate literature to provide accurate
information on family planning, sex, contraception and related mat-
ters, Literacy House decided to organise a workshop of writers,
visualisers,artists, instant reporters and family planning experts to
deliberate for 10 days and develop suitable material for this purpose.
Twenty persons participated from four important areas as content
experts, writers, visualisers and artists. The aim was to develop
literacy motives based on the workshops idea involving both writers
and experts·
A number of booklets have been brought out in Hindi, primarily for
use in the Hindi-speaking States. The response from Uttar Pradesh
and Haryana has been very encouraging.
Encouraged by this response, Literacy House plans to bring out more
literature on family life planning education.
Title of
the Project
Study of Natural Family Planning Methods: Case Study of Rhythm-
cum-Temperature Method Family Planning Project in a Calcutta
Slum.
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Submitted by Gandhian Institute of Studies, Varanasi (commissioned by the Foun-
dation).
Budget
Sanctioned
...,
Current
Status
1. To assess the technical feasibility of the method. This included
inter alia assessment of the method's success.
2. The response of the slum dwellers, their reasons for accepting
the method or for non-acceptance, attitudes towards the agency prEl-
pagating the method and the programme.
The rhythm-cum-temperature method is being popularised in a Cal-
cutta slum by a Catholic organisation called Nirmal Hriday (Sacred
Heart), as a means of family welfare under the guidance of Mother
Teresa. The method was claimed to be very popular and effective,
and the Foundation decided to evaluate these claims.
The Gandhian Institute of Studies was commissioned to conduct an
evaluatory study of the programme .
The institute's report has been received by the Foundation. One of
the major findings of the study was that the rhythm-cum-tempera-
ture method was quite effective, its success rate being calculated at
nearly 100 percent. On the basis of this finding wide-scale replica-
tion and propagation of this method has been recommended.
The Foundation got the report evaluated by experts, one of whom
suggested modifications mainly for programme purposes. The other
raised some fundamental questions about the method's rate of suc-
cess. These comments have been sent to the author of the report for
incorporation in it.
The Gandhian Institute of Studies has also ,been asked to revise and
update the study on the basis of the expert comments.
Title of
the Projeet
36
An Across-the-Board Survey of UNICEF's Involvement in Popula-
tion Activities in India.
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5.1 Page 41 |
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Submitted by Jointly commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation (Mrs Sarajni
Abraham and Mr K M Bhatnagar) and UNICEF (SCARO), New Delhi,
Duration
Budget
Sanctioned
New Delhi.
Six months.
Rs 18,000 by the Foundation and Rs 36,000 by UNICEF, the total
cost of the project being estimated at Rs 54,000·
To assess the current status of the UNICEF-aided programmes in the
country with a view to determining:
a. the level and kind of involvement in family planning;
b. ways of adapting them more effectively toS'erve the needs of
family planning; and
c. to suggest a broad stratEo-gyfor technical assistance and pro-
gramme enhanCEment, and to identify the necessary mechanism
and infrastructure for this purpose.
I
1. In 1973 the Executive Board of UNICEF recommended that
UNICEF (SCARO) should review all its assisted programmes in India
to ascertain whether and how a family planning component might
be includ~d in them
2. On the initiative of UNICEF, New Delhi, the Family Planning
Foundation and UNICEF jointly sponsored the study to develop a
family planning component in UNICEF-assisted programmes, both
present and proposed, in the Fifth Five-Year Plan.
Current
Status
1. The report outlining the study findings, as relevant to the Gov-
ernment of India and the mandate of UNICEF, primarily focusses on
the five-year Country Assistance Programme of UNICEF and India's
Fifth Plan. It contains suggestions for immediate action, develop-
ment of new components, and proposals for new projects.
2. The report has been mimeographed and circulated. It is being
studied by UNICEF for programme implications and subsequent ac-
tion. UNICEF has sent the document to some ministries of the Gov-
ernment of India and to some international organisations.
3. The Foundation has summarised the comments of ten experts on
the report. This summary has been sent to UNICEF for study and
comment. Meanwhile, the Foundation understands that the minis-
tries concerned are studying the report for possible collaboration
with UNICEF. The Foundation is likely to be assigned a role in this
larger understanding.
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Title of
the Project
Initiating a Programme of Integrated Health Maximising Participa-
tion of the Voluntary Agencies.
Duration
Submitted by
Budget
Sanctioned
Conduct a preparatory study and take up appropriate activities to
plan a programme of integrated health, maximising the participation
of the voluntary agencies.
.
The Population Council of India submitted a number of proposals
for financial assistance to the Foundation. As a result of several
I
meetings and discussions, it was decided to give a planning grant of
Rs 5,000 to enable PCI to prepare a project design for an action
research project.
Brief Review
of the Project
1. The PCI commissioned a task group of experts to help prepare
the project design. The project proposal submitted by PCI was
reviewed by experts, who suggested some modifications.
2. The budget request for the project was for over Rs 8 lakhs, and
considering the financial constrants the Foundation decided to post-
pone a decision on the project. Besides, by the time the proposal
was received the Foundation had already sanctioned three
demonstration projects in integrated health.
Current
Status
With the winding up of the Population Council of India, the question
of funding the project proposal based on the plannir..g grant did not
arise.
Title of
the Project
Functional Literacy and Family Life Planning Education (an
experimental project).
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5.3 Page 43 |
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Submitted by Dr M. P. Dadich, of the Bikaner Adult Education Association,
Bikaner, Rajasthan.
Budget
Sanctioned
Current
Status
Rs 5,000 (planning grant).
(Rs 1,500 spent and balance surrendered).
Integrating family planning education with family life planning
education programmes and craft training, and assessing its impact
against the indicators of increased awareness and practice of family
planning among selected rural women.
The panel of experts and members of the Advisory Panel, who
reviewed the proposal, felt that it had the essential ingradients
of a good project. But the senior staff needed orientation in
organising programmes of demonstration research.
1. The Foundation sanctioned a planning grant of Rs 5,000 to enable
the Project Director to study similar programmes at other centres
in the country, and also undergo orientation training in plann-
ing, developing and evaluating action research projects in health
and family planning. The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health
and Family Planning was also requested to help the Director in
preparing the research design.
2. The project has since been discontinued because of the lack of
preparedness of the organisation and also the resignation of
Dr Dadhich (who was in charge of the project) from the organisa-
tion.
Title of
the Project
Ad hoc Grant to Support Core Staff of Population Council of India
(PCn.
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Budget
San6tioned
Current
Status
To enable the Population Council of India to engage suitable core
research staff and develop one or two acceptable project proposals.
1. The project proposal on Integrated Health Maximising Participa-
tion of the Voluntary Agencies submitted by PCI was considered
by the Governing Board of the Foundation. It was found to be
a very high-budget project involving an outlay of Rs 8 lakhs
which the Foundation could not support. The Foundation however
sanctioned a one-time ad hoc grant to help PCI appoint suit-
able research staff.
,
2. PCI engaged one Research Director and one Research ASi'ociate.
They completed two studies and developed a number of project
proposals for the Foundation's assistance.
3. Meanwhile, it was learnt that the Project Director had left pcr
to return to his original post with the Orissa Government.
Since PCI has been wound up, the question of follow-up does not .
arise.
Title of
the Project
PROJECT NO. 17
Study of Sex Differentiation in Parental Attitudes Towards Female
Children, as Indicated Through' Child-Rearing Practices.
Budget
Sanctioned
Objectives
40
1. To compile a bibliographical overview of the available- liter~ture
en the subject.
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5.5 Page 45 |
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Current
Status
2. To supplement the above information with a sample of professional
experience in relevant fields like gynecology, pediatrics and social
work.
3. To prepare a status report.
1. Some studies have indicated the differential treatment meted out
to female progeny in a family. This is corroborated by individual
instances narrated by professional workers. These bring forth the
basic attitudes towards females.
2. The status of women is closely related to the acceptances of family
planning or with fertility behaviour. As such, the study of treatment
meted out to women at all stages of life assumes importance. Such
a study would have far-reaching implications in terms of under-
standing the beliefs, attitudes and the authority structure in the
family as related to women.
3. The data collected under this study would help to plan for a
bigger study and to evolve suitable programmes for the amelioration
of the status of women.
A tentative report of the study has been received. A design for the
bigger study is awaited.
'Title of
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 5,000 (to supplement grant of R~ 10;000 by the Government of
India, Department of Family Planning).
There is a serious lacuna both in our education system and our overall
ethos governing the lives of our young people about the knowledge
of sex. There is need therefore for remedying the situation in way
which takes into account the joint opinions and interests of all three
concerned parties - teachers, students and pl:).rents.A seminar which
could provide a forum for discussion among students,· teachers,
parents, social scientists, doctors, administrators, demographers.
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Current
Status
communication experts and so on would be able to develop such a
plan of action.
The seminar aimed:
a) at emphasising the need for sex education among students; and
b) at ascertaining the views of parents, teachers, education adminis-
trators, sociologists, medical professionals and students themselves
on the subject.
The seminar was held at India International Centre. The final report
is awaited.
The seminar is expected to lead to the development of relevant
material (literature, films, etc) for use in sex education, a sadly
neglected aspect of education in schools and colleges today.
Title of
the Project
The Foundation has financed five conferences or seminars
on biomedical research. A brief description of them follows.
Symposium on Chemistry, Biology and Immunology of Gonado-
tropins.
Budget
Sanctioned
Current
Status
Title of
the Project
Submitted by Prof B. K. Anand and Dr Manchanda of the Scientific Committee oi
42
the Congress, AIIMS, New Delhi.
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5.7 Page 47 |
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Budget
Sanctioned
Current
Status
The report has been received and published. No follow-up action
is envisaged.
Title of
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Current
Status
The report of the symposium has been received. No follow-up action
is envisaged.
Title of
the Project
Symposium on Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in
Eukaryote Cells.
Submi~ted by Prof G. P. Talwar of AIIMS, New Delhi, and the International Union
of Biochemistry.
Bude:et
Sanctioned
43
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5.8 Page 48 |
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Current
Status
The report of the symposium has been received. No follow-up action
is envisaged.
Title of
the Project
Submitted by Prof M. R. N. Prasad (The Indian National Science Academy, New
Delhi).
Budget
Sanctioned
Current
Status
1. The Foundation provided only part of the expenses of these
conferences or seminars.
2. All of them have been useful and well appreciated. The Founda-
tion's positive role is also getting to be known and recognised.
Title of
the Project
Publication of report of the Symposium on "Recent Advances in
Contraceptive Technology"-(This is the report of a seminar of Inter-
national Experts on the subject).
Budget
Sanctioned
Current
Status
44
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5.9 Page 49 |
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Title of
the Project
Study of Simultaneous Organisation of Family Planning and Eye
Camps and studying their mutual impact.
Budget
Sanctioned
The mass approach to diff·erent types of motivational action has
gained much popularity in recent years. The sight of a lax'genumber
of fellowmen having the same experience, be it an eye operation or
a vasectomy does much to instil confidence into new recruits to the
scheme. In fact, these two i.e. eye camps and family planning camps
have achieved great success wherever they have been conducted.
The idea of combining the two in a single campaign organised by
the State Bank of India which has been organising eye camps for
some time now, is worth trying. It would be worthwhile to see if
such an experiment produced better results than either or the camp!>
held alone.
.
To determine the impact of one camp on the other and to see whether
their simultaneous organisation would increase the success of efforts
to gain family planning acceptors.
The State Bank of India,. with the Lok Kalyan Samiti, the Family
Planning Department, Delhi Administration and the Corporation of
Delhi organised a simultaneous eye camp and family planning camp
from 21.2.1976to 27.2.1976in Badarpur near Delhi. Special incentives
were given to acceptors. Evaluation of the impact of camps will now
be done on the basis of questionnaires administered to the doctors and
paramedicals involved and to those who came to make use of the
services along with the friends/relatives accompanying them.
Importance of The project represents a very innovative approach to family plan-
the Project ning. Also this initial contact of the bank with the Family Planning
45
Foundation will help to stimulate their interest in family planning,
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Current
Status
more 'especially in developing model projects in and related to the
banking system for replication.
A simultaneous eye camp and family planning camp was held in
Badarpur from 21.2.1976 to 27.2.1976. Two kinds of questionnaires
were administered-one to the medical and paramedical staff and the
other to the visitors (patients and non-patients) to the camp. The
results will be analysed by Dr (Miss) Amita Burdhen of the National
Institute of Family Planning.
1. The Governing Board of the Foundation sanctioned at its meeting
on 12 July 1973 Rs 1,25,000to commission and organise a number of
programmes in connection with the observance of World Population
Year. These programmes broadly fell into the following thrE;e cate-
gories:
a. Sensitising and educating voluntary organisations engaged in
family planning.
b. Sensitising academic, research and professional organisations
so that they could play a meaningful role in the population
crisis.
c. Sensitising mass media to reflect more positive interest in the
population problem.
2. The Foundation supported the following programmes in this con-
nection:
a. Publications
i) Population and Development in Ind~a, 1947-2000. This was
commissioned through the Indian Association for the Study
of Population. The book has been published. Rs 50,000.
ii) Special publication of the CMAI giving the history of eight
years of family planning in Christian mission hospitals.
Rs 7,500.
iii) Special Population Issue of the Journal of the YWCA en-
titled Today. Rs 2,500.
iv) Special bulletin of the Population Council of India. The focus
of this issue was on youth and population and the role of
voluntary organisations. Rs 5,000.
v) Studies in Family Planning in India by Dr (Mrs) Kamala
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6.1 Page 51 |
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Gopal Rao, partially financed. The book has been published.
Rs. 5,000.
vi) Voluntary Effort in Family Planning by Mrs Kamla Manke-
kar. Rs 10,000.
b. Conferences and Seminars
i) National Convention of the Panchayat Parishad, convened
by the AIPP at Lucknow.
ii) Legislators and Family Planning, convened by the Institute
of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi.
Rs 2,125.
iii) Seminar in connection with World Population Year, Miss A
Goerge, Kerala University. Rs 5,000.
iv) All India Congress of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Dr
(Mrs) A Dass of Ministry of Health and Family Planning.
Rs 5,000.
c. Special Activities
Evolving a general programme for the All India Women's Confer-
ence, the YMCA and a few other organisations to activate their parti--
cipation in family planning, especially in connection with World
Population Year.
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PROJECTS/PROGRAMMES SUPPORTED B i:'
FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
Project
No.
Title
Anitou1'lt
Sanctiooed
(Rs)
Principal Investigatorf
Project Director
1. Study on Implication ot Rapid
Population Growth in India by 2000 AD.
7,50,000
30,000
Career Development for Research in the Field of
Human Reproduction and Contraception
Technology in India.
Establishing a Research Cell for Family Planning
Programmes of the Christian Medical Association of
India, (Bangalore)
Action-cum-research Project 011 Different Aspects
of Medical Termination of Pregnancy having a Bearing
on Family Planning.
Research in the Methodology of Health
Delivery.
Family Planning Prbgrarhmes Through Skilled and
Semi-Skilled Workers at Village Level Itself.
Study of Effectiveness of Motivation and Provision
of Family Planning in the Context of Maternal
Child-care Service.
7,8V',OOO
5,00,000
4,00,000
16,00,000
20,00,000
95,000
95,000
50,000
1,45,000
50,OM
Prof G. P. Talwar
All India Institute of
Medical Sciences.
Family Planning Foundation
Ford Foundation.
Dr (Mrs) H. N. Sharma
Christian Medical
Association of India
Bangalore.
Family Planning Foundation in
collaboration With the
Government of India.
Dr Jacob Chandy
CSI of Madhya Diocesan Society,
Kottayam, Rerala.
Dr N. V. R. Ram
Indian Institute of Management,
Bangalore.
Dr Bunker Roy
The Social Work and Research
Centre, Tilonia, Rajasthan.
Christian Medical College,
Ludhiana.
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Project
No.
Title
Amount
Sanctioned
(Rs)
Principal Investigatorj
Project Director
Page No.
10. A Pilot Project on Training of Rural Leaders
in Population and Family Planning.
65,000
20,000
Family Planning Communication for
Rural Young Married Couples.
85,000
5,000
98,.000
5,000
65,000
12. Providing Total Health Care Including Family
Planning to a Population of 20,000.
1,73,000
1,50,000
36,000
1,86,000
Action Research Project on Community Action for
1,39,000
a Programme of Integrated Health and Family Planning. 45,000
Population Education for Non-School-Going
Youth.
Comprehensive Labour Welfare Scheme
(including No Birth Baby Scheme).
5,000
1,50,000
1,55,000
2,00,000
50,000
2,50,000
91,250
Mr Rajiv Jain!Mr Anil Srivastava
Centre for the Development oj'
rnstructional Technology.
Prof Tarun Banerjee
Amiya Debi Charitable Trust,
Calcutta.
Mr Tripurari Sharan
Gram Nirman Mandal,
5ekJ-~r'"ora, Bihar.
and
Dr Sugata Das Gupta
of Gandhian Institute of Studies,
Varanasi.
Through All India Panchayat
Parishad, Aurangabad.
Mr V. 1. Chacko
United Planters Association of
Southern India.
Dr K. A. Pisharoti
Gandhigram Institute of
Rural Health and Family
Planning, Madurai.
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Project
No.
Amount
Sanctioned
(Rs)
Principal Investigator/
Project Director
Publication of "Demography - I'ndia",
a quarterly journal.
Mechanism of Action of Some Anti Fertility Agencies
on the Contractility of the FallopIan Tubes.
25,000
1,00,000
1,25,1:00
50,rOO
Status Study of the Family Planning Component in the
Urban Community Develpoment Programme in India.
Prof Sugata Dasgupta
Gandhian Institute of Studies,
Varanasi.
Prof P. B. Desai
Indian Association for the
Study of Population.
Prof S. K. Guha
Dr B. K. Behar
All India Institute of
Medical Sciences.
Status Study of Population Education as part of
School Education in India.
Developing a Programme of Research in Population and
Family Planning from Sociological, BehaviouraI Point
of View, with Particular Reference to Urban, Tribal
and Rural Communities.
Study of Family Planning Innovation in India - an
Anthropological Study.
Motivation for Planned Parenthood - a Preliminary
Study of Muslim Families in a City.
5,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
Prof A. Bhende
International Institute
Population Studies, Bombay.
(i) Christian Medical
Association of India,
ji) Baroda University.
Prof A. R. Desai
Dr E. R. Ramaswamy
Dr A. K. Danda
Anthropological Survey
of India.
Dr R. Kothari
Centre for the Study of
Developing Societies, Delhi.
Dr Imtiaz Ahmed
Department of Political Science,
Jawaharlal Nehru University.
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Project
No.
Title
Amount
Sanctioned
(Rs)
Principal Investigator!
Project Director
Page No.
27. Developing Effective Maternal and Child Health Services 36,000 Dr Vijay Kumar
91
in Rural Areas in India (Chandigarh).
Post-Graduate
l'nstitute of Medical
Education and Research.
28. Study of the Implications of Incentives and
50,000 Dr P. Panandikar
92
Disincentives in Family Planning.
Centre for Policy Research,
Delhi.
29. Establishing a Private Out-Patient Fertility C':mtrol
5,000 Dr D. N. Pai
94
Clinics in the Rural Areas.
Health Promotion Society,
Bombay.
30. Population and Women - Programme for IWY.
5,000 Col P. N. Luthra.
95
31. Women, Population and Poverty in the India!l Slums.
20,000
96
69,000
30,000
5,000
Action-Oriented Innovative Projects in Voluntary Sector
(including Organised Industries) for Developing Models
of five or six types.
A Pilot Project on Health, Welfare and Education
with Special Emphasis on Population Education.
1,04,000
50,000
1,50,000
1,50,000
35. Production of a Film on "Population and Family
Planning with Focus on Women."
36. Monograph on India.
3,00,000
1,30,000
37. Innovative Approaches for Creation of Demand &
Promotion of Community Involvement and
Participation in Family Planning Welfare Programmes
an Experiment - with Mothers Ciub!Mahila Kalyan
MandaI.
Dr Sachdeva of
Round Tables.
and
Mr C. K. Antony of
Corporation of Madras,
Mr B. R. Deolalikar.
Sher-e-Kashmir
Polyclinic
Srinagar.
Joint collaboration of
FPF and ESCAP (UN).
Dr (Mrs) A. Burdhan
Dr D. C. Dube
National Institute of
Family Planning.
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Project
No.
38. Population and Agricultural Production.
39. Population and Agricultural Education.
40. Analytical case study of an Innovative Programme
in Population and Family Planning.
Involvement of Private Medical Practitioners in the
National Family Planning Programmes.
. Integrated Health, Education and Family Planning
with Community Cooperation.
International Conference on Human Settlements -
Foundation Programme.
Amount
Sanctioned
(Rs)
5,000
95,000
4,500
Principal Investigator/
Project Director
To be identified.
To be identified.
To be identified.
Page No.
104
105
106
5,000
Dr P. C. Batla
106
Indian Medical Association.
3,00,000
To be identified.
107
5,000
107
Brief Study and Review of the Non-Projected Aids
Having a Bearing on Population and Family Planning.
Publicity Programme for Family Planning Foundation.
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On-going and newly commissioned projects would give an indica-
tion of the general direction in which the Foundat~on is moving.
These are in some ways representatives of the kind of projects the
Foundation supports. Some of these have direct policy implications
and are of importance to the national programme, namely:-
(i) Study of Implications of Population Growth in India (Project
No 1)
(ix) Effective Maternal and Child Development Services in Rural
Areas (Project No 27)
(x) Motivation for Planned Parenthood and Preliminary Study of
Muslim Families (Project No 26)
(xi) Film on Family Planning by Mr Santi P Chowdhury (Project
No 35)
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~le of
the Project
Study on Implications of Rapid Population Growth in India by
2000 AD.
Project
Director
Budget
Sanctioned
Dr Asok Mitra.
Rs 7,50,000and a supplementary grant of Rs 30,000.
Background
India's rapid population growth will limit the freedom and choice of
investment in various sectors of the economy very severely in the
next 25 years. A population of 1,000 million in 2000 AD or about
750 million in 1990 will leave little freedom in any direction. To add
to this, population distribution and density will vary from one region
to another, accentuating the already existing regional imbalances.
The causes of such trends, more particularly those stemming from
population growth, need to be identified to help policy decisions. The
Foundation therefore commissioned a project on the implications of
population growth by 2000 AD.
The project was assigned to Dr Asok Mitra, but he could not under-
take the work on a full-time basis until his retirement on 1 March,
1975.
Progress from Dr Mitra has prepared the first volume of the study entitled India',
March 1975 Population Prospects for 2000 AD. The first part contains chapters
to
on the Population of India, 1850-1900, 1901-1920 and 1921-1950.The
March 1976 second part deals with development's in various issues relating to
population, namely the trend of male and female ratio and of infant
mortality, birth and death rates, the reproduction rate, the trend of
the age structure, and the impact of trends in food, nutrition, edu-
cation, income, employment and housing on the size of the family.
-Current
Status
The first report dealing with urban population projects 'will be pub-
lished soon after its completion in July 1976.
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Title of j Developing an Anti-Pregnancy Vaccine.
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 5,00,000.
Backgf'Ound
Though a variety of contraceptive procedures are available, they all
suffer from various drawbacks. It is necessary to evolve a mode of
contraception suitable not only for family planning practices on a
mass scale but also capable of protecting the recipients for a suffi-
ciently long period. An ideal contraceptive should be low-priced.
devoid of side effects and capable of being administered on a mass
scale by paramedical health workers. With these aims in view Prof
Talwar has been working with a team of helpers at AIIMS to
develop a vaccine to prevent pregnancy. This is an ongoing project
for which the Foundation has decided to ghte financial support.
Objectives
Some of the objectives of the project are:
a) to develop in the most expeditious manner a potential anti-preg-
nancy vaccine;
b) to test and establish its safety from different angles;
c) to organise and carry out clinical trials in India and abroad with-
in a coordinated framework; and
d) to develop concomitantly the ,potential use of Beta hCG anti-
bodies as pregnancy terminating agents.
Rationale
56
The anti-pregnancy vaccine approach is based on the principle of
inducing the formation of antibodies in females of reproductive age
who react immunologically with human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG) and neutralise its biological activity. This substance is a unique
and early product of conception. It is synthesised and detectable as
early as four to eight days after fertilisation (i.e. the 18th to 22nd
day cf the cycle in normal, regularly menstruating women). It is
neither synthesised nor present in females who are not pregnant. It
is a gycoprotein hormone, and among its known functions is the criti-
cal support it provides to the corpus luteum, which prevents luteo-
lysis and menstruation. The indirect and direct hormonal support to
the endometrium is important in both the establishment and main--
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Current
Status
tenance of pregnancy. The neutralisation of hCG by antibodies does
not permit the pregnancy to settle. In the vaccination approach, by
virtue of the presence in the blood of antibodies against hCG, a
woman would not miss her menstrual period nor conceive. Immunity
would last as long as the antibodies in the system.
The antibodies against hCG can also be used to end pregnancy in
subjects who are not immunised. The procedure involves injection of
preformed and specially purified and processed antibodies.
At the request of AIIMS the Foundation sanctioned a grant of Rs 5
lakhs on the understanding that AIIMS would raise the balance re-
quired from international organisations. The latest developments with
regard to obtaining financial assistance from foreign/international
sources seem to be unacceptable to AIIMS and the Government of
India because of certain stipulations. These developments were dis-
cussed by the Foundation with the Government and AIIMS, and it
was suggested that the Foundation should respond to the needs of
the project as expeditiously as possible. Steps are accordingly being
taken by the Foundation to provide a grant of Rs 20 lakhs over the
next three years. Simultaneously, efforts are being made to obtain
financial assistance from abroad provided there are no unacceptable
conditions attached to it.
The vaccine was tried on animals and later on a few sterilised wo-
men. There was no reaction from the recipients,. and their repro-
ductive functions have remained normal. The National Ethics Com-
mittee has approved trials on human beings in India. Trials are
being conducted on humans in other countries also.
A task force drawn from the Biomedical Panel constituted by the
Foundation has been appointed under the -chairmanship of Dr K. L.
Wig for periodical review and monitoring of the project.
Title- of.
the Project
Career Development for Research in the Field of Human Reproduc-
tion and Contraception Technology in India.
Budget
Sanctioned
57
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Background
As a part of its enlarged activities, the Family Planning Foundation
is starting a scheme of research awards for biomedical programmes,
with particular reference to research in reproduction and contracep-
tive technology. The project is in collaboration with the Ford Foun-
dation, and the Family Planning Foundation has sanctioned a grant
of Rs 4 lakhs.
A note explaining the scheme is given in the appendices.
A task group has been appOinted to advise the Foudation inter alia
on the following aspects:
i) method of identifying suitable candidates;
ii} identification of research institutions where research would be
carried out; and
iii) special research projects for execJltion.
(There are two components in this scheme. One envisages bringing
back to India of outstanding biomedical scientists of Indian origin
to work in suitable laboratories. The second is identifying such
talent with high research promise in India itself. For the present,
the scheme deals primarily with the second category).
)ritle of
the Project
Establishing a Research Cell for the Family Planning Programmes
of the Christian Medical Association of India, Bangalore.
Submitted by Dr (Mrs) H. N. Sharma, Christian Medical Association of India, Ban-
galore.
Budget
Sanctioned
Background
58
R.s 95,000.
CMAI has a chain of about 350 member-hospitals in all parts of the
country, some of them in the interior of tribal or backward areas.
Under its family planning project, CMAI has launched various spe-·
cial activities including a free delivery-curn-sterilisation programme
and a community health programme. In addition, intra-uterine con-
traceptivedevice (IUCD), MTP and other birth control service:;;are
also provided.
A vast amount of data has been collected under the family planning
project. These have been assembled in the form of hospital case
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Review of
Progress
Current
Status
cards numbering about 3,00,000, including 3,000 for abortions. The
experts who assessed the data were of the opinion that there was
a wealth of important information which could be analysed and put
to good use..
The Foundation decided to sanction Rs 95,000 to help CMAI analyse
this data. On the basis of the results of the first year of this opera-
tion the Foundation may consider sanctioning a grant to develop the
potential of the research cell to cater to the requirements not only
of CMAI hospitals, but also of others in the voluntary sectors.
The project is well underway. The Foundation has set up a task
group to discuss the project and make suggestions. Dr K. Srinivasa
is acting as consultant to the project. Apart from those already
working with the cell, a statistician has been appointed.
Jfitle of
J the Project
Action-cum-Research Project on Different Aspects of Medical Ter-
mination of Pregnancy Having a Bearing on Family Planning.
Submitted by Commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation in collaboration
with the Government of India.
Budget
Sanctioned
I
The MTP Act passed in 1971 came into operation in April 1972, but
the number of legal abortions has not increased to the expected deg··
ree as a consequence. Since unofficial reports suggest that the over-
all rate of induced abortions continues to be high. The reasons why
more women are not availing of the legal facilities need to be ex-
plored and remedial action taken. A step in this direction would be
to study in ~eater depth the abortion services offered by approved
hcspitals and the characteristics of the women who avail of them.
Such information would go a long way towards improving the res-
ponse to legally available measures for abortion, a necessity in view
of the risks involved in illegal abortions employing ineffective or
even harmful methods.
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Hospital records, besides being inadequate for a thorough evaluation
like that envisaged, are also confidential and not available under the
existing law. The Family Planning Foundation, in co-operation with
the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh, has
therefore evolved' a plan for research whereby the Foundation will
supply standard MTP equipment to 30 government hospitals in UP
and will also b€ able to authorize a research institute to analyse the
data from modified case cards from these and other hospitals. Such
a study-cum-action project will, besides, taking MTP services to the
people, also suggest ways of making them more effective.
Objectives
The main obj'ective of the project is to study the factors which influ-
ence the acceptance of services pertaining to MTP (and often compel
women to resort to illegal abortion) and find out if the provision of
proper equipment can improve their level of acceptance. More spe··
cifically, the project will aim to:
a) study the characteristics of abortion-seekers;
b) ascertain the reasons which prevent women from availing of these
services;
c) note the trends in induced abortions at different times of the year
and seasonal variations if any;
d) study the general reasons which make women seek abortion;
e) study the incidence-of abortions in different socio-economicgroups;
f) study post-abortion adjustive behaviour; and
g) find out whether provision of the necessary equipment in the hos-
pitals and improved training of the doctors can enhance the ac-
ceptance of family planning services.
Methodology
60
The Family Planning Foundation will assume the responsibility for
organising and executing the research aspect of the project. It will
bring out reports on the basis of the research data. Guidelines for
preparing the research design have been provided by the task force
set up by the Foundation. The task force suggested that one of the
critical parameters might be the quality of the MTP equipment used.
The status of the centres (in terms of organisational set-up, popula··
tion served, etc) where MTP equipment would be provided ~l1soneed-
ed study. An exhaustive and well-thought-out questionnaire will
be prepared to cover all aspects of MTP services, not just at the
management and organisational levels but also at the human and
psychological levels. Moreover, a training system needs to be built
into the MTP services. Finally, an effective mechanism has to be
devised to conduct a long-term follow-up of the abortion seekers.
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Importance of Such a study would be the first of its kind in the country, and its
Project
results could be directly fed back into the programme. Moreover,
analysis of the relevant data would help to identify areas in which
the Foundation would like to sponsor rese~rch projects.
Current
Status
The Foundation has already paid for most of the MTP equipment/
accessories for the 30 hospitals. A suitable research and evaluation
organisation for carrying out the study is being sought.
jitle of
Research in the Methodology of Health Delivery (Training Pro-
the Project gramme for the Community Nurse).
Submitted by Dr Jacob Chandy on behalf of the Church of South India (CSI), Ma-
dhya Diocesan Society, Kottayam, Kerala.
For 18 months. (The project had already been in operation for tW'J
years when the grant was sanctioned. The Foundation's support is
for the remaining period of training).
Budget
Sanctioned
By and large health personnel lack community orientation both at
the training and work level. Besides, the current health care infra-
structure is costly. There is need for a more relevant type of func-
tionary. With the concept of basic health services being accepted as
a commitment of the welfare state, the Government has recognised
the need to train a multipurpose worker· responsible for the total
health care of the family. But this role has not yet been seriously
studied. The different categories of health workers so far trained,
though effective in limited ways (Le. in easing the difficulties created
by having only one doctor per 60,000 to 125,000 rural population)
are far from adequate in providing effective health care or reducing
the work load of the medical officer at the primary health centre
(PHC). The public health nurse is suitably qualified in clinical train -
ing, but requiring a training period of five years she is luxury we
cannot afford on a large scale. Moreover, she lacks community-
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based training.
This project attempts to define a new category of multipurpose
worker who mediates between doctor and community. Such a person
would have a much more intensive training than the present health
workers, but unlike the traditional doctors and nurses she would be
community-oriented and not hospital-based. Besides taking on some
of the responsibilities of a doctor, i.e. diagnosis and treatment of
all minor health problems, especially in the field of communicable
diseases, the new type of nurse would play an active role in general
community health development by promoting and supporting family
planning, managing "well-baby" clinics and school health pro-
grammes, executing immunisation programmes and so on.
The main aims of the study are to:
a) develop a cadre of workers, designated community nurses, who
could provide health and medical facilities to the community right
at the doorstep;
b) evaluate training methodology, programme operations and the
impact on the health behaviour of the people; and
c) develop a mode for more widespread use.
The course is spread over three years (six semesters) to be followed
by apprenticeship for six months, during which the trainees are
entirely on their own. The training period is largely in the commu-
nity setting, comprising about 1,000 families. The training team con-
sists of two doctors and a B.Sc nurse, and the students are trained
in basic sciences, clinical subjects and community health. In the
sixth semester the students adopt different communities under the
supervision of teachers, and during apprenticeship each trainee is
posted to a different area to undertake independent community health
activities.
The programme has a system for built-in evaluation of all its aspects.
Importance of This is an action research project based on a new concept of provid-
Project
ing health and medical care, including medical education, to the
people. The training involves the minimum of inputs and yet pre-
serves an optimum standard. The programme attains considerable
significance in the wake of the government policy of integrating
family planning with health services and introducing multipurpose
health workers in the field. Both the World Health Organisation
(WHO) and the Government of Kerala have shown a keen interest
in the project, which could lead to the development of ail easily re-
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Current
Status
Eight students have completed three years of training and are now
undergoing a six-month internship.
The final report of the project is awaited. An important development
of the project experience is that Osmania University, Ryderabad, is
instituting from the next academic year a B.Sc course based on this
programme as an experimental measure.
,kle of
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 50,000 (including Rs 5,000 for printing a report).
Uackground
63
Sinc,e the PRC has. come into being as a logical appendage of the
community development block, its functions are varied-from provi-
ding clinical services to public health services on one hand, and from
family planning to aiding nutrition programmes on the other. Though
these centres were originally created to look after the medical as-
pects of the rural health programme, additional programmes have
since been introduced, thus straining the managerial and work capa-
city of the doctor attached to a centre. There are varied opinions
about his ability to function as a manager, both in terms of his train-
ing for the job and of the design of the PRC itself. But these opinions
are not generally backed by scientific inquiry. Such a study has
assumed more importance in the wake of the Union Government's
decision to provide family planning services through the health orga-
nisation and its latest decision to train multipurpose workers to pro-
vide health and family planning at the periphery. The above study
proposes to examine how far functionally the PRC is providing the
services for which it was created, with special reference to family
planning.
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The primary objectives of the study are to:
a) .examine the PRC as a system in its efficacy to provide family
planning services;
b) study the role of extension educators vis-a-vis the doctor as the
actual executor of the system;
c) define with the data available, the functional role of the envisaged
multipurpose workers to qualify them for the new task they are
to perform; and
d) arrive at components of a viable system for providing family
planning services in a PRC.
Ancillary objectives are to examine the attitudes, organisational cohe-
sion and external influences on the organisation and the cost struc-
ture of family planning so that these may be indicators for similar
studies.
The project will study one unit in each of the two PRC systems ope··
rating in Karnataka. One system was the logical development and
historical legacy of the old princely state of Mysore in the direction
of prcviding a viable health service organisation. The other is a cen-
trally directed unit to provide health and family planning services
along with the development concept under the extension of the com-
munity development programme.
The study will be conducted through field surveys, analysis of secon-
dary data and interviews. The project will last one year-three
mcnths to finalise the tools and techniques for the study, six months
to collect data, and three for analysis and writing the report.
Importance of This is perhaps the only study of its kind in the country. It is expec-
Project
ted to provide guidelines for family planning activities at the PRC
level and remove bottlenecks in the systemic environment. It may
also be possible to arrive at indicators of what would be a manage-
able unit for health administration if family planning was a part of it.
Current
Status
Dr Ram began work on the project in September 1975. Two research
assistants have been appointed. The report is awaited.
}Title of
the Project
64
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Submitted by Dr Bunker Roy, of the Social Work and Research Centre (SWRC),
Tilonia, Rajasthan.
Budget
Sanctioned
Planning grant of Rs 5,000.
Background
SWRC, which has been functioning in Tilonia for three years, is com-
mitted to a new concept of village reconstruction based on translat-
ing inexpensive modern concepts and technology into the practical
needs of the rural community. Working with the local people, it has
been evolving a strategy for providing villagers with a drinking
water system, health services, experimental education for rural needs,
improved crops, better seed, fertilisers, and handicrafts to provide
gainful occupations to women. As a step towards making the peo-
ple more self-sufficient and receptive to new ideas, it has trained
eight village level health workers (VLHWs) to provide basic health
services (mainly in recognising the symptoms of common diseases
and referring patients to the dispensary and dispensing common
medicines) and also to maintain a record of vital events in the
village. The VLHW also works as a motivator for a better standard
of living in terms of sanitation, nutrition, irrigation, family planning,
etc and being a local person he elicits a better response.
SWRC now plans to work out an effective family planning pro-
grarri.me by giving suitable training to the village dais and health
workers. These trained personnel will visit village homes and pro-
vide not only basic services but also advice and motivatiOn for accept-
ing the small family norm by personal, oral communication. Through
the combined efforts of these workers and the expanded dispensary
services significant reductions in fertility are expected.
Methodology The Foundation has sanctioned an initial planning grant· which will
be used to identify a suitable expert/institution to visit the area and
prepare an operational design for the project.
Objectives
65
The plan will be designed to achieve the following objectives as
part of a programme of integrated rural development:
a) to train village dais so that they may conduct deliveries hygieni-
cally and also render suitable and effective advice about family
planning, antenatal and postnatal care;
b) to conduct camps for vasectomy and tubectomy;
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c) to lower the birth rate through family planning services and edu-
cational and motivational work; and
d) to reduce the infant mortality rate and instil confidence in women
about the survival of their pregnancy. This would motivate them
to adopt the small family norm.
The final programme methodology will be designed according to the
advice given by the expert team.
Importance of This is an important action-cum-research project undertaken by a
Project
voluntary organisation. But perhaps more important than its imple·-
mentation is planning the methodology involved. This will have to
have a strong research base and also consider possible practical diffi-
culties such as the unwillingnesS of the dais to be trained and the
extent of interest they can evoke in the rural people.
Current
Status
A team of experts is being sent to Tilonia by the Foundation to eva-
luate the work done so far and suggest ways to design the demon-
stration project.
jTitle of
.Study of Effectiveness of Motivation and Provision of Family Plan-
the Project ning in the Context of Maternal/Child Care Service.
Submitted by The Christian Medical College and Brown Memorial Hospital,
Ludhiana, Punjab.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 5,000 planning grant.
Background
66
Though the problem of rural health care in India is urgent and essen··
tial, that of providing health services to the larger urban areas cannot
be overlooked. The population growth here is high, and even though
80 percent of the' doctors practise in the cities the basic health needs
of urban communities are still inadequately met. This is especially
so in the case of family planning, which can be made ideally avail-
able in the context of good maternal and child care. Here the role
of the paramedical worlrers is very important, as already shown by
village level health workers. In the urban setting too therefore the
concept of employing carefully selected and trained women, of little
or no education but of suitable intelligence, who live in the area to
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carry out the work under the supervision of a medical officer should
be tried out.
This programme envisages training such women to work in backward
urban areas as an extension activity of the hospital and the medical
college.
If such a project is demonstrated to be effective it would be of im-
portant national significance and would be reproducible in other large
urban areas, enabling effective health services, in particular effective
MCR and family planning services, to be provided in the community
with a minimum of expenditure by teams of local workers.
Brief Review The project proposal was considered in detail by the Foundation. It
of Progress was felt that while the basic ideas it contained were sound, its ob-
jectives, design and evaluation needed rigorous designing. The pro-
ject also needed to be further strengthened to make it more need-
based, replicative and economical.
The Foundation therefore sanctioned a planning grant of Rs 5,000
for recasting the report after consulting experts in the light of the
above observations.
Current
Status
The Foundation recently sent experts in the field of Community
Health and Gynaecology to Ludhiana to assess the project. Their
report is awaited.
( Title of
A Pilot Project on Training Rural Leaders in Population and Deve-
the Project lopment ..
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 85,000.
B-ackground Repeated experience has shown that efforts to educate a community
are more successful if its leaders or reference groups can first be
67
motivated. They can then play an important role in changing the
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ideas of the general populace. This is especially so in the case of
a sensitive issue like family planning. A resistant population is more
likely to be influenced by the opinions of local leaders than by what
it considers vested interests from outside.
The Foundation therefore commissioned a project on developing a
training progranune for young rural leaders (preferably between 25
and 45 years) to involve them in programmes which support and
promote acceptance of family planning. The All India Panchayat
Parishad has been commissioned to take up this project for one year.
Objectives
and
Methodology
The basic objectives of the project are to sensitise the community
leaders with developmental interest or potential through group
methods. The information imparted to them would have a local con-
notation. As leaders they may be motivated to play a supportive
role to the Government. The objectives are spelt out as:
a) to bring together rural leaders and take them through a process
of learning to create an awareness about the population problem,
mainly in the context of development;
b) to make the leaders aware of their own responsibilities and to
elicit their support for such training programmes;
c) to impart knowledge of family planning methods and the process
of individual group motivation and diffusion; and
d) to make them awar'e of the importance and utility of family plan.
ning programmes for the welfare of the country and the associat-,
ed problems of management and communication and importance
of the role of leadership in solving them.
Importance of It is hoped that the pilot project will help in developing suitable
Project
training programmes and evolving systems to implement it. This
would have lessons for extension and replication.
Current
Status
AIPP has taken on the project and after initial explorations and
surveys decided to base it in Hoshangabad district, in Madhya Pra-
desh. A team of three-one chief organiser and two deputies-has
been recruited as trainers while Prof K. M. Sharma from the School
of Social Work, M.S. University of Baroda, is consultant to the pro-
ject.
An orientation course was held for the trainers in January 1976.
Baseline surveys of the project have been conducted in villages in
Hoshangabad. Preparations for locating the training programme and
for arranging peripatetic training are being made.
An accident to the chief organiser delayed the project by a few
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weeks. Some problems that arose in the teamwork are being cur--
rently looked into by AIPP.
,I
r Title of
1/ the Project
Submitted by Mr Rajiv Jain and Mr Anil Srivastava of the Centre for the Deve-
lopment of Instructional Technology: (CENDIT).
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 5,000 for planning grant
Rs 98,000 for Phase I
Rs 5,000 for printing report
Phase II (A) Rs 65,000 for film and other expenses
(B) Rs 1,75,000
Family Planning communication has to a considerable extent failed
to generate the expected response among the people of India. This
is largely because the mass media have not been identified adequate-
ly with the social and cultural life of the people. Instead of mere
emphasis on the acceptance of family planning an effective media
strategy consistent with the attitudes, aspirations, perceptions, ex-·
pectations and cultural life of the people is needed. Moreover, there
. is at present no mechanism to assess the effectiveness of the avail-
able media material and to find out people's needs for a feedback
to develop the media accordingly. A systematic approach to educate
the target groups with accurate and valid information is also lacking
This project aims at developing a media strategy for family planning
communication for young married rural couples based on two phases
of work. Phase I would involve;
a) an in-depth study of the village community to understand its atti-
tudes to family planning and its general socio-cultural back-
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ground;
b) a study of the communication process involving field testing and
evaluation of a large number of existing media materials to gauge
audience attitudes and comprehension and thereby help in deter-
mining the kind of material and media be:;t suited for the pur-
pose;
c) a study of field workers to ascertain their functions and problems,
and how best media could aid their work.
Methodology
About 200 films on family planning currently shown were reviewed.
To help produce effective media material a baseline study of the four
villages under survey was conducted. A study in depth was also con-
ducted of all family planning workers in the area to assess their role
as communicators. To study the existing communications process,
seven films on FP were chosen and their audience respon.se studied.
The directors and producers of the films were also interviewed.
Useful guidelines for designing instructional programmes emerged
frem these efforts. Detailed methodology for Phase II is being de-
veloped.
Importance of A media strategy based on a detailed study of the current situation
Project
would play a very important part in motivating people to limit the
size of their families.
Current
Status
Phase I has been completed and a report submitted.- The Founda-
tion has undertaken to have it published.
Moreover, the Foundation has sanctioned a grant of Rs 36,000 to
CENDIT to produce a film of 20-minute duration in black and white
based on the findings of the study. These findings suggest that th2
film should:
a) be entertaining and at the same time hold the attention of the
audience;
b) be identifiable to a village audience,-especially one in North India;
c) be related to a local context like a village fair or religious festival;
and
d) deliver a simple FP message emphasising care of children as a
credible method.
CENDIT proposes to shoot the film in and around Sultan pur village
in Saharanpur district of U.P. The FP message will be incorporated
into a performance of a suang, the local folk theatre.
For Phase II CENDIT envisages developing prototype media mate-
rial for testing. This will be part of a total development programme
integrated with rural development. The Foundation has in principle
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sanctioned Rs 1,75,000 for the Family Planning and other expendi-
ture of this phase, but this is subje'ct to CENDIT's raising the money
required for the other developmental aspects of the programme.
~eOf
•
the Project
Total Health Care, Including Family Planning, for a Population of
20,000.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 1,50,000, also a supplementary grant of Rs 36,000. Total
Rs 1,86,000.
Background
Integration of family planning with maternal and child health and
basic health services has been accepted as government policy. This
policy needs to be adequately operationalised at the community level.
The present project concerns itself with this thrust through a private
clinic. Successful implementation of such a programme is contingent
on a good methodology of work and a package of health programmes
acceptable to people.
The population of the area selected for this experiment is predomi-
nantly agro-industrial and is on the threshold of urbanisation. The
project, which is hospital-based, is using the techniques and methods
of community organisation and extension education. All the FP ser-
vices, including sterilisation and termination of pregnancy, are to be
made available.
In addition to providing financial assistance the Foundation is also
trying to procure inputs from other national as well as international
agencies. Although the initial response to this effort was encourag-
ing, later developments have created some difficulties.
The Foundation has also sanctioned an additional grant of Rs 36,000
to enable the organisation to arrange for research expertise.
Objectives
71
The aim is to provide total health services through a voluntary hos-
pital and assess:
a) the extent of improvement in the acceptance of family planning,
and
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b) the extent to which voluntary hospitals and clinics can take up
such programmes.
Brief Review The project was formally inaugurated by the Governor of the West
of Progress Bengal on September 30, 1973.
The baseline survey has been conducted in two rounds with the help
of an anthropologist from the Jadavpur University. The Foundation
earlier arranged for research orientation of the staff at the Gandhi-
gram Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning.
The action part of the project started in November 1975, in the vil-
lages where the second round of the survey had been completed. a;:;
a pilot experiment. The Foundation staff also helped to identify re-
levant information which was needed for launching the action pro-
gramme.
One difficulty the project has encountered is that the hospital pro-
vides only clinic-based medical care and FP services. But the pro-
ject workers not only collect statistics on matters relating to FP but
also advocate it. This has reportedly resulted in some resistance
among the people of the area.
Some aspects of the project still remain to be straightened out. There
has been a lag between its research and action aspects. Though the
programme has the necessary hospital inputs it lacks those required
for nutrition programmes, community-based medical care, etc. Be-
cause help from international agencies has not yet been obtained the
research part of the project has gone ahead while the action part has
been, delayed. This divergence has been accentuated by the theore-
tical rather than action-oriented stance of the project's research con-
sultant.
The programme has one more year to go, in the course of which it
is hoped that its problems will be solved, especially once help has
been obtained from international agencies.
,,~tle of
Action Research Project on Community Action for a Programme of
the Project Integrated Health and Family Planning.
Submitted by Mr Tripurari Sharan, on behalf of the Gram Nirman MandaI, Sekho·
deora, Nawadah, Bihar.
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Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 1,39,000, also a supplementary grant of Rs 45,000 for research.
Total Rs 1,84,000.
Brief
Description
The project has three major aims, namely:
a) to find out the extent to which voluntary organisations can as·
sume the responsibility· for organising health and family planning
programmes;
b) to develop a methodology to enable village organisatoins to launch
programmes of health and FP through voluntary clinics; and
c) to assess the improvement in accepting FP after integration with
the health care services.
This is a project in which the concept of integrated health care and
FP is sought to be achieved through a private clinic in a backward
area.
Three important features of the experiment are:
a) activisation of the village development councils to assume the
responsibility for implementing the programme;
b) 'training of male and female village volunteers to provide mate-
rnal and child health care as well as basic health services, includ-
ing registration of vital events; and
c) a health insurance scheme under which rural families would be
entitled to all hospital facilities, including indoor medical care,
for a nominal fee of Rs 15 a year.
Brief Review
of Progress
The Foundation arranged for the research orientation of the project
staff at the Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning
in the hope that they would prepare a research design and an opera··
tional programme. Since this was not entirely successful research
consultancy was specially arranged through the Gandhigram Insti-
tute. The Institute organised a training programme for the staff and
helped them to draw up an operational programme and has been
providing continuing research guidance to the project.
The Institute suggested reconsideration of some project objectives
and the incorporation of new elements such as indigenous medicine.
A baseline survey has been completed in one segment of the popu-
lation of 5,000 and is in progress in the second segment.
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Status
Current
tae ~
the Project
The project has encountered difficulties at two levels. The inputs
expected from other sources have not been forthcoming. Obtaining
baseline data for programme planning in time proved difficult, and
this resulted in the project's not shaping up as a full-fledged inte-
grated health care project. The project report is expected in two
months. This experiment will highlight ways of initiating commu-
nity action relevant to family planning.
.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 1,50,000.
Background
74
Most family planning motivation .programmes tend to concentrate
on married couples of reproductive age, these being the immediate
concern of the planners. But demographically and sociologically,
from a longer time poinrt of view, couples about to marry and the
newly married group are equally, if not more, important. These peo·-
pIe are on:the threshold of behaviour patterns which, if not properly
motivated, will give full expression to their fecundity.
As past experience has shown, the mere knowledge and availability
of contraceptives do not in themselves provide sufficient motivation.
Young people have to be motivated to change their entire attitude
to life to accept the fact that they can control their own destinies
and should therefore develop a sense of responsible parenthood.
Pilot surveys in Hathnoor village, in Marathwada district have
shown that a whole process of socio-ecollomically compatible edu-
cation is necessary before such changes can be effected among non-
school-going rural youth.
Selection of the right peer groups to impart such motivation and
advice must be an integral part of this motivation process and the
Family Planning Foundation, in conjunction with AIPP, hopes to
concentrate on: this activity.
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Objectives
The development of motivational methods and social technology to
popularise small-family norms among young people in villages who
do not attend school within the context of the social and economic
development of the area. The plan will consider three different levels
of understanding:
,
a) the importance of peer culture for bringing about individual and
group change of a forward-looking nature;
b) the use of group methods and group processes to change the value
system; and
c) relating the feelings and aspirations of the group to socio-eco-
nomic conditions in solving their own problems.
Methodology
Design of the project plan after visits to the field area, six villages
in Marathwada, and implementation of a three-year programme on
an experimental basis to develop a model of education which relies
on group-based learning and is non-formal in character. The project
envisages training about 50 boys and girls as group leaders/educators.
Importance of This is a pioneering venture and is expected to develop a model
Project
which may be applicable in all parts of the couhtry. It hopes to
have considerable feedback value through creating a good system
of built-in evaluation.
Current
Status
The initial survey of the field areas has been completed by Prof
Mavlankar with the assistance of research staff.
A task group has reviewed the work done so far. The next stage
of the project will start after the rest of staff has been selected. The
rural development department of Ahmednagar College has been in-
vited to act as consultant to the project.
'~Of
Comprehensive Labour Welfare Scheme (including No Birth Bonus
the Project Scheme).
Submitted by Mr V.1. Chacko, of the United Planters Association of Southern
India, Coonoor, Tamil Nadu.
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Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 2,00,000.
Rs 50,000.
The United Planters Association of Southern India pioneered in' 1973
a comprehensive labour welfare scheme (CLWS) for the plantation
workers and their families. The following activities were carried
out as part of the scheme: medical care; creches; labour clubs; and
primary schools.
The scheme was initially supported by the United States Agency for
International Development and later by the Government of India.
But the Government discontinued its grant to UPASI for reasons
of economy.
The Foundation sanctioned a grant of Rs 2 lakhs to keep the scheme
going and to introduce a No Birth Bonus Scheme as part of the
CLWS programme. Under the scheme, every woman of reproduc-
tive age (15 to 44 years) was to be invited to join the NBBS. After
joining she was entitled to Rs 5 a month. If she delivered a child
after joining the scheme, and it was her first, second or third ohild,
a part of the accumulated bonus was to be deducted. She forfeited
the entire amount if she delivered a fourth child.
To conduct an action-cum-research project:
,I
a) to establish the most. effective methods of motivating plantation
workers to accept family planning and total improvement of the
welfare of the family;
b) to assess the role of incentives in interesting workers in accepting
family planning; and
c) to find out how far deferred incentives could be a motivating fac-
tor or whether they would have to be integrated with a package
of other welflilre programmes.
Three estates, within 20 miles of UPASI's headquarters, were select-
ed for the initial experiment and the NBBS was introduced into the
CLWS of these estates. An internal evaluation of the programme
was made every six months by participant staff belonging to the es-·
tatesand to the project. The NBBS was initially introduced not
principally for its experimental value but to achieve positive results.
Field surveys were carried out before and dUring the scheme to ob-
serve and relate trends which could be attributed to specific compo""
nents of the programme.
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Importance of Many population experts consider the UPASI scheme innovative in
Project
furthering population control, particularly among a largely illiterate
rural population. Originally designed as a purely action project aim-
ed at getting significant reductions in fertility, its proper evaluation
can lead to a model for use in other organised sectors.
Current
Status
A report covering the first three years of the scheme, from 1-7-1971
to 30-6-1974,has been received. This report suggests that the scheme
has achieved significant successes. The Foundation commissioned
Prof (Miss) A. George of Kerala University and Dr K. A. Pisharoti
of the Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning
to evaluate the programnie. Their report suggests that though the
action part of the scheme has been successfully implemented the
research component needs its strengthening. They felt that the terms
of the NBBS were too liberal and as such it wcis difficult to assess
the real impact of the scheme. They however recommended a fresh
analysis of the available data and also quantifying all the inputs to
work out a cost benefit and cost effectiveness framework.
The Foundation has sanctioned a further grant of Rs 50,000 for a
second look at the data on the lines suggested by the experts.
ltle of
the Project
Submitted by Dr K. A. Pisharoti, of the Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and
Family Planning, Tamil Nadu.
Budget
Sanctioned
There are significant inter-regional differences in the success of the
FP programme. The factors responsible for this can be better iden-;-
tified by studying the programme in a specific region.
The project aims at studying the inter-relationship of socio-econo·
mic variables, inputs in the FP programme and the performance of
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Current
Status
the plans programme. More specifically, the study will try to work
out the correlation, if any, between the developmental measures
adopted in different regions and FP acceptance. Also, the correla-
tion between FP acceptance and programme inputs.
The original project proposal consisted of two phases of study. In
the first phase, the existing information On socio-economic develop-
ment, and FP inputs and performance were to be studied. The se-
cond phase proposed a study of the possibilities of applying a cost-
benefit framework to the number of children a couple wished to
have. The overall budget commitment was more than Rs 5 lakhs.
The experts to whom the proposal was referred commended it. The
Foundation however felt that only the first phase of the project
should be financed, meaning that it should be confined to analysis
of the existing data. It agreed to support the second phase provided
the Gandhigram Institute was able to raise a matching grant from
other sources.
There was also some initial difficulty regarding the appointment of
a Director for the project.
Though information regarding socio-economic variables was avail-
able information about family planning and performance was not
available blockwise. It was therefore necessary to compile material
regarding each village in the project and then calculate block figures.
Data for Madurai district was completed by the end of 1974. It was
proposed to test the accuracy 10 percent of the information collected
from the blocks.
Data collection for the first phase of the study is nearing completion
and its coding has started. Collection took longer than planned.
mainly because of the non-availability of information and difficulties
in obtaining correct information. Expenditure for the first phase
exceeded the original sanctioned budget and the Project Director
has applied for an additional grant of Rs 29,000. The Foundation
is considering the request.
Iritleof
J the Project
Submitted by Prof Sugata Dasgupta, of the Gandhian Institute of Studies. Vara-
78
nasi.
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Budget
Sanctio:ped
At a national seminar of Gandhian workers and decision-makers in
the Sarvodaya movement held at Varanasi in December 1972 it was
decided to impress on Sarvodaya workers at the grassroots level the
seriousness of the population problem and its relation to the Gan..
dhian standpoint. Accordingly, the Gandhian Institute decided to
organise four zonal seminars in different parts of the country.
The l!I1stituteinitially asked for a grant of Rs 40,000 to organise
four seminars of four days each. The Foundation raised its financial
assistance to Rs 50,000with the proviso that workshops be organised
for seven days each and should evolve a concrete plan of action.
To enable grassroots level Sarvodaya workers to appreciate the im-
portance of FP in terms of Gandhian philosophy and support the
programme within the framework a:n.dbasic philosophy of Sarvo-
daya.
Brief Review
of Progress
The Gandhian Institute has so far organised three seminars, specifi-
cally in Calcutta for the eastern zone, Lucknow for the central zone
and Poona for the western zone.
The reports of two workshops have been received and are being re-
viewed. It may be stated tentatively that they regIstered a signifi-
cant achievement in securing the support of some Gandhian. and
other voluntary agencies like the Ramakrishna Ashram., the Vishwa
Bharati Shanti Niketan, the Assam Sewa Samiti and the Navajiwan
Ashram for the family planning philosophy and programme.
An effort is also being made to compile an inventory of ihdigenous
contraceptive material believed to be in use in the eastern zone and
the hill areas of the northern zone. The participants were advised on
developing extension material, keeping in view regional, social and
cultural complexities.
Current
Status
The fourth workshop has been delayed. The cumulative report on
the project has therefore been delayed.
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Lo'
the Project
Sub~itted by Prof P. B.,Desai, of the Indian Association for the Study of Popula-
tion, Delhi.
Delhi.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 25,000, also a supplementary grant of Rs 1,00,000 extending the
term of the project by five years. Total amount Rs 1,25,000.
a) To promote the exchange of ideas in the areas of population stu-
dies and allied aspects;
b) to present a broad spectrum of articles and views on the demo-,
graphic experience in India in particular and of the developing
countries in general; and
c) to encourage contributions to population research, especially by
young social scientists in India and abroad.
Review
Description
Demography-India is the first journal of its kind in the country. It
highlights the demographic aspect of social and economic develop-
ment 1n the Indian context. The journal is a forum for' evaluation
and research in population and family planning and related fields
like sociology, social psychology, biology, genetics, public health and
medical science.
'
Brief Review
of Progress
Five issues of the journal have been published so far. All the issues
have been well received by researchers and other readers both in
India and abroad.
When the journal started publication it was hoped that the quarterly
schedule would be maintained and that it become self-sufficient in
a year. This expectation has not however materialised, and by the
time the fifth issue is published the journal would have completed
three years of existence.
With the rise in printing costs and price of paper the journal needs
outside help at least for a few years more. Considering it has an
important pUblication, the Foundation has sanctioned continuation of
its support for another five years.
The IASP is endeavouring hard to publish the magazine regulariy
as a biannual and also to attain financial self-sufficiency. The indi-
cations are that the Foundation's support may be gradually reduced.
as the journal establishes itself in five years.
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.~tle of
the Project
Mechanism of Action of Some Anti-Fertility Agents on the Contrac-
tility of the Fallopian Tubes.
Submitfed by Prof S. K. Guha, of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
Delhi.
Budget
Sanctioned
A specific class of agents which are believed to affect fertility by
altering the motility of the fallopian tubes is to be studied.
The project would try to study the tubal motility in relation to the
mechanics of transport of ova and sperm. The investigations are
being done both on theoretical and experimental models, as well as
on animals.
It is hoped that the project will help develop a clinical method for
conception control by a single dose at mid-cycle with little or no
side effects.
The Foundation's financial support is limited to providing a senior
fellowship amounting to Rs 15,000 a year, to Dr Behari, principal
research worker under Prof Guha. The rest of the inputs, including
the stipends of the other research staff, are being provided by AIIMS.
The broad aim is to arrive at an understanding of the mechanism
of action of some anti-fertility agents On the fallopian tubes with a
view to selecting suitable agents and providing guidelines for the
synthesis of new agents.
Brief Review
of Progress
A multi-faceted investigation of the problem is underway on the fol-
lowing lines:
a) theoretical study of the forces of ova in relation to transport;
b(i) observation of the contractility of the fallopian tubes in vitre;
b(ii) develop a technique for monitoring the motility of the tubes
in vive;
b(iii) monitor the bio-electricpotential from the fallopian tubes in
vive; and
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b(iv) formulate a new technique for direct observation of the move-
ment of ova or ovalike particles in the fallopian tube with ani-
mal in a normal, conscious state.
Techniques of in vive motility studies were extensively experiment-
ed upon and a miniaturised transducer was made. Using this new
method of motility, reactions in the isthimic and ampulla regions
in different periods after ovulation are being studied.
The method of ascertaining the mobility of ova using radioactive
particles has been tried without success so far. Studies are underway
to find a satisfactory alternative.
An assessment by an expert group is envisaged shortly, especially
to find out if there is a continuing role for the Foundation in this
project.
Jitle of
the Project
Status Study of the Family Planning Component in the Urban
Community Development (UCD) Programme, in India: Its Implica-
tions for Family Planning.
Budget
Sanctioned
To assess the status of the family planning component in programmes
of urban community development projects with a view to replicating
the experience in these areas.
Brief
Description
There are about 20 urban community development projects in the
country which have had FP programmes in varying degrees. It was
felt that a status study of the FP component in them would greatly
help in designing FP programmes in an urban setting.
Brief Review The Foundation commissioned a group of experts to decide the
of Progress preliminaries for such a study. The first meeting of the group
82
recommended that the Foundation should take up this study.
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Current
Status
As most of the UCD projects are being wound up, the experts felt
that a study of the earlier experiences in this connection, along with
a study of new programmes of slum clearances, would help in
developing programmes of population and family planning for th~
urban areas and more particularly their slum component.
Literature on UCD and slum clearance is being analysed. The analysis
has been broad-based to include active family planning and slum
improvement programmes.
Ji'itle of
the Project
Status Study of Population Education as Part of School Education
in India.
Submitted by Prof A. Bhende, of the International Institute for Population Studies,
Bombay (commissioned by the Foundation).
Objectives
83
Rs. 10,000 (two grants, one each for population education and sex
education, have been combined).
Since the National Seminar on Population Education in 1968 there
has not been much progress in reviewing the status of population
education with reference to the school system.The National Council
of Educational Research and Training, which is expected to provide
national leadership in this field, has done some work, but lack of
clarity about population education persists at the conceptual level.
There is a reluctance to include sex education in school education
and or as part of population education.
The available infrastructure does not seem to have been adequately
used for population education. Apart from a dearth of studies of
good quality on this subject, there are hardly any good n.search
projects. The Foundation therefore considered it desirable to com-
mission a study based on an assessment of the present status of
population education, the available infrastructure, the efforts mad~
in this direction by different institutions and connected topics.
The study is based on:
a) a review of all the available literature on the subject;
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Current
Status
b) a historical recapitulation of the efforts made in this field;
c) a study of the available infrastructure and its potential for
developing population education; and
d) analysis of various concepts and theories in population education
and their applicability to. Indian conditions (also the efforts of
NCERT to develop and operationalise these concepts and the
structure evolved to implement them, at various levels).
A review of all the available relevant literature will first be taken
up. Later, a few key persons, including members of the staff ot
NCERT and government officials responsible for the programme, may
be interviewed. A report will be prepared on the basis of these
interviews.
The final report was expected in March 1976, but Prof Bhende has
requested an extension.
Title of
the Project
Population and Women in the Organised Sector (five different
sectors).
Baroda, New Industrial Complex, Jagadhri - Yamuna Nagar, Nagpur,
(two venues have yet to be identified).
Brief
Description
Five planning grants of Rs 5,.000each, the total amount coming to
Rs 25,000.
To carry out preparatory studies in different types of industrial
set-ups with a view to developing suitable project proposals for
family welfare programmes for women in the organised sector.
The Foundation eIlivisageslaunching projects through interested ins-
titutions on family planning for women in this sector. These
women can generally be divided into two categories, those
working in industry and wives of workers. The large majority
belong to the reproductive age group. Studies show that they suffer
from chronic malnutrition because of low-protein and low-calorie
diets and a high rate of pregnancy wastage and from various diseases
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Current
Status
caused by poor hygiene and sanitation. Their children suffer from
various types of deficiencies, often congenital, with consequent
adverse effects on their health, social and mental development.
There is a dearth of accurate information about women in the indus-
trial sector on matters like marital status, pregnancy wastage, fertility
patterns, mortality and sO on. Sufficient information is not available
either on aspects like the workloads of women in different segments
of the labour force. In the absence of reliable information adequate
measures for their welfare and development cannot be planned.
Indian industry can be divided broadly into six categories, each of
which has its own character, institutional set-up and work conditions,
and special programmes of welfare have to be evolved accordingly.
The Foundation has sanctioned five planning grants for preparatory
studies and has informally interacted with the International Labour
Organisation and the Government of India in this matter. The initial
response has been favourable. ILO may assist these projects as part
of a joint funding programme, subject to the concurrence of the
Government.
Suitable agencies/individuals are being identified to undertake the
initial studies. The Foundation has assigned one of them to Prof K.
M. Sharma of the M. S. University of Baroda. The preparatory work
on a· project design for wo1nen in the organised sector in Barodii is
nearly complete. This covers largely construction labour, semi-
migratory in character, working in public sector industries. Two
more industries have been chosen for study, one in Jagadhri-Yamuna
Nagar & the other near Nagpur.
Title of
the Project
Developing a Programme of Research in Population and Family
Planning from a Sociological, Behavioural Point of View, with
Particular Reference to Urban,. Tribal and Rural Communities.
The Family Planning Foundation. The project for Urban life and
situation has been assigned to Dr -A. R. Desai, Bombay University,
and for the rural one to Dr E. Ramaswamy of Delhi University,
with Dr M. N. Srinivasan acting as consultant. The tribal project has
still to be assigned.
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Budget
Sanctioned
Individual experts on rural, urban and tribal communities will
work at different centres.
One year.
Rs. 30,000 (Rs. 10,000 for each of the aforementioned areas).
a) To review existing basic sociological literature which may be
relevant to population and family planning;
b) to undertake a systematic review of the lacunae in and strengths
of research; and
c) to prepare a trend report.
Brief
Description
The basic purpose of commissioning such studies was:
a) to identify relevant literature and prepare a bibliographical over-
view of the three different situation, rural, tribal and urban;
b) to suggest programmes of research in the behavioural sciences
having a bearing on fertility behaviour:
c) to suggest how behavioural scientists can be involved in such
programmes and more particularly the universities and research
institutions; and
d) to identify the implication for action on the part of the
Foundation.
F.esearch relating to the tribal, urban and rural areas from the point
of view of behavioural sociology, is rather sketchy. This is mainly
because family planning and population research have failed to attract
behavioural scientists in sufficient numbers. A review of this kind
is expected to provide some insights into the problems of population
and famliy planning from the behavioural-sociological point of view
and help in generating interest in them among the behavioural
scientists. The idea is not only to galvanise these scientists but also
to assess how the infrastructure of the universities and research
institutions could be utilised to develop population research.
Brief Review Preliminary work on the rural and urban studies has started. A
of Progress report dealing with these areas is expected shortly.
Title of
the .Project
86
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Budget
Sanctioned
The decision-making process involved in the acceptance or rejection
of family planning is based on a complex of causes which have yet
to be fully explored at the micro level. Of special interest are the
influence on the innovators in a community, in this case the few who
are the first to adopt small family norms. A detailed analysis of these
influences in a particular rural setting of the type Dr Danda proposes
may be expected to have considerable feed-back value for the general
family planning programmes.
To conduct a detailed anthropological study of family planning in
a rural setting with special reference to:
a) value orientation and family planning methods;
b) the decision-making process; and
.
c) the role of modernisation in family planning adoption.
The theoretical relationship among the different factors involved and
an intensive analysis of the characteristics of innovators, innovations
and the socio-psychological setting in which the programme sector
is to operate will help identify the constraints encountered in such
programmes, and perhaps also suggest means of overcoming them.
Dr and Mrs Danda, both anthropologists, have already collected
through interviews, case studies and questionnaire methods the rele-
vant data for a West Bengal village whose population comprises 15
Hindu castes, Muslims and tribals. The next steps are analysis of
the data and preparing a report.
Impor,tance
of Project
This is one of the very few anthropological studies of family plan-
ning at the micro level. Support to it could spark interest among
other social scientists in studies along similar lines.
Current
Status
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Title of
the Project
Conimi-
ssioned by
Budget
Sanctioned
Commissioned by the Foundation and executed by the Centre for
the Study of Developing Societies, New Delhi.
The term population policy has for long been restricted to the poli-
cies explicitly adopted by governments for their demographic conse-
quences. As such, in India at least the term has become synonymous
with the national family planning programme. A broader definition
of the term is therefore called for, one that includes policies which
indirectly influence demographic events. The study of population
policy assumes added importance in this framework as it would
show the need for involving various agencies of Government, includ-
ing the Planning Commission, in formulating an effective policy on
population. Whether this policy has been bas·ed on such a compre-
hensive outlook in the past is a debatable point, but current events
indicate that this should now be done.
A detailed review of past policy would also throw more light on the
relationship between the evolution of government policy on P9pula··
tion and family planning and trends in population behaviour and
attitudes, on the type and extent of communication down the politi-
cal and administrative hierarchy and the actual implementation at
the lowest levels of the policy. Such a .study is therefore essential
to determine the rationale behind population policies, and to suggest
ways in which thEfYcould be better linked to overall developmental
policies.
Population policy will be studied at four levels:
a) international initiatives and influences and national (central and
state) responses to them, as well as the emerging critiques, both
from official and non-official sources, to the international initia-
tives;
b) continuities and changes in national policy with respect to goals.
programmes, techniques, targets and organisational innovations
and. changes;
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c) independent initiatives and implementation at the state level; and
. d) implementation below the state level (districts, towns and vil-
lages)..
To assess continuities and changes in the policy process the analysis
will focus on five time periods:
i) Background review of the evolution of the policies before 1965.
ii) The period between 1965 and 1967, the operative period when
the extent of family planning formed the main focus of policy.
iii) The period between 1970 and 1972, the operative period for the
new drive.
iv) The period between 1974-75.
v) The period following the declaration of Emergency in June 1975.
At the end of this study, an attempt will be made to propose ways
of making the policy process more responsive and goal-oriented.
Methodology In the first year of the study the first two levels of the policy pro-
cess will be studied through secondary analysis of relevant research
findings and analysis of aggregate data available at the state and
district level on demographic, developmental and population growth
and content analysis of policy materials. The third and fourth levels
of the policy process will be taken up in the second year through
field research (survey and documentary) along with the organisatio-
nal, communication and implementational dimenSions. Similarly, as-
pects of the organisational structure and the communicaiion process
which can be studied through secondary analysis will be taken up
in the first year while field-based mvestigation in these dimensions
will be taken up in· the second. The question of implementation will
be taken up almost wholly in the second year.
Importance of A study of this kind should provide vital information relating to
Project
the very basis of the family planning programme. The current
efforts in family planning must be related to a rational long-tern~
policy, and such a link has still to be convincingly demonstrated.
Current
Status
The Centre for the Study of Developing Societies launched the pro-
ject on 1 April 1976. The time schedule of work in the first year is:
a) review of relevant research findings, aggregate and secondary
data analysis-April-September 1976.
b) C<mtent analysis of international material and national-level po-
licy materials-Qctober 1976-January 1977.
c) Interim report on the analysis in the first phase-February-March
1977.
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Title of
Motivation for Planned Parenthood (A Preliminary Study of Muslim
the Project Families in a City).
Submitted by Dr Imtiaz Ahmed, Department of Political Science, Jawaharlal Nehru
Budget
University, New Delhi.
Background
Studies of family planning have usually focussed on the knowledge,
attitudes and practices of people regarding FP and birth control
methods. There has been little effort to study the motives underly-
ing the decisions of some families to restrict their size and of others
to have many children. Nor has there been any attempt to examine
the individual and his family in the total context or to examine the
factors actually motivating them to adopt a planned approach to
parenthood. The present proposal is for a study-cum-action pro-
gramme which focusses on the motivational dimension of planned
parenthood among Muslims.
Objectives
To identify the factors which motivate some Muslim families to
adopt a planned approach to parenthood and restrict the size of their
familieS as well· as those factors which motivate other Muslim fami-
lies to have six or more children.
Methodology
About 30 Muslim families belonging to three different social groups
will be chosen for detailed investigation. Two types of families will
be studied in each group" those with two or three children and those
with six or more children. Data will be collected through unstruc-
tured interviews and observation.
Importance of This is a new micro-study of a community, which has received in·
Project
adequate attention from social scientists. The study is likely to ~
useful both in designing a larger study about the community with
regard to population and also provide .methodological insights for
the purpose.
Current
Status
90
The work is to begin shortly with the identification of study areas
and recruitment of staff.
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Title of
Developing Effective Maternal and Child Health Services in Rural
the Project Areas in India.
Submitted by Dr Vijay Kumar of the Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Educa-
tion and Research (PGI), Chandigarh.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 36,000 as initial grant for conducting feasibility studies and de-
signing project.
~
The primary health centre and the sub-centre in the rural areas
cover too wide an area to be effective. As such, their role is gene-
rally limited to treating cases which come to them in;;tead of being
able to deliver essential services to all those who need them. The
PGI project aims at bridging the gap between the PHC and the
rural home through an intermediary-a trained village health assist-
ant-who belongs to the locality and can therefore be expected to
establish a better understanding with the villagers. Similar commu-
nity-oriented projects are being conducted on an experimental basis
in other parts of the country such as Jamkhed (village nurse), Kotta-
yan (community nurse) and Madras (pregnancy counsellor). The
total experience of these experiments may ~e able to suggest a model
for use on a rational scale. The essential point is that such projects
seek complete co-operation from the villagers themselves. Self help
rather than the provision of mere services is their motto. The envi-
saged village health assistant in the PGI project will aim, besides
providing medical and nutritional services, at motivating women to
.. accept small family norms. At the same time the programme envisages
conducting a reorientation and in-service training of the existing
paramedical staff at the subcentres.
1) To develop a model for effective delivery of MCH services in rural
. areas at low cost so as to be applicable in India via:
a) institution of an in-service training programme and reorientation
course for existing paramedical personnel so that more effective
care can be given at the sub-centre; and
_
b) selection and need-based training of villagers to provide culturally
acceptable minimum MCH services.
2) To evaluate an in-built system of health monitoring of expectant
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mothers and pre-school children in rural areas on a longitudinal
basis and compare the quality of health care provided with the
existing set-up.
3) Investigate the cost effectiveness of the selection and training of
new personnel.
4) To evaluate the replicability of the above model.
Methodology
In the first phase (lasting nine months) the PGI will concentrate
on designing the project on the basis of the experience gained at
various places where similar programmes are in operation and of a
study of the existing patterns of health care, cultural beliefs, etc
of the project areas. Attention will be paid to the criteria for selec-
ting personnel for training as village health assistants and to the
training procedures employed. The evaluation process will also be
streamli:n:ed.
On the approval of the above project design by the Family Plan·-
ning Foundation the next stages will involve trying out the model
in: selected areas and also testing its replicability.
Importance of The most important characteristics of this project is 'expected to
Project
be its replicability. It is expected to provide a model for the selection
and training of personnel with an aptitude for intensive work ia
villages and who are socially and culturally acceptable to the commu-
city they serve.
Current
Status
The Foundation has sanctioned an initial grant of Rs 36,000 to the
Institute for designing the project, based on the experience at the
places mentioned above. Dr Vijay Kumar; who is in charge of the
project, has visited a number of projects where relevant innovative
programmes are in progress. These are mostly in the area of training
paramedical personnel.
Title of
Study of the Implications of Incentives and Disincentives in Family
the Project Planning.
Commi-
ssioned by
Commissioned by the Foundation and executed by Dr Pai Panandi-
kar of the Centre for Policy Research.
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Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 50,000.
Background
According to studies made by the Registrar-General of India, the
medium-level estimate of India's population by the year 2000 is about
945 million. At this expected growth of population and with the pre-
sent rate of growth of the economy the mass of the people will still
live nearly below the poverty line at the turn of the century. The
question of population control has therefore assumed great urgency,
all the more because of the limited success of the Family Planning
programme. Concerned at the economic and political implications of
this development, the Central and State Governments are considering
a fresh package of measures to give a further fillip to the Family
Planning programme and put a rather sharp brake on the growth of
population.
The new measures are designed to be far-reaching and likely to be
somewhat drastic in relation to the current thinking on Family Plan-
ning policy. The important question is whether this package will
achieve the desired objectives. What are its implications, both regard-
ing policy and implementation? What effect are they likely to have
on the different segments of society?
Objectives
This project proposes to make a preliminary study of these important
questions, keeping in view the following aims:
a) to judge the efficiency, both relative and absolute, of the different
incentives and disincentives in promoting F.P.
b) to assess the likely effects of various motivating factors in controll-
ing population in different parts of the country.
c) to assess the likely effects of the various measures to persuade
people to accept the small-family norm or different social classes.
d) to examine the larger social and economic consequences of the
various incentives to keep families small and disincentives to
having large ones.
Methodology
93
The study will be conducted mainly through discussion at four
levels--the Centre, the state, the district and the village/town. Dis-
cussions will be held with the help of pre-planned guide points drawn
up to s,uit each level and keeping in view the objectives of the study.
Discussions at the Centre will be held with officers of the Depart-
ment of Family Planning, the Director-General of Health Services,
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,
..J
the Registrar-General of India and such officers of other departments
as are involved in policy formulation. At the state level, they will be
held with officers of the Bureau of Family Pl~nning, the Directorate
of Health and other departments as are concerned with the framing
policy and programme planning. Talks will be held at the district
level with the F P officer and other officers involved,in programme
execution, and at the local level, village and town, with the official
directly executing the programme and non-officials, among them
local leaders, past and new acceptors and dissenters. The subject will
also be discussed at the local level with a fair number of women
falling within each category. Representatives of voluntary organisa-
tions connected with the execution of the FP programme will also be
involved in discussions at all levels.
The number of units from the state level downwards will be kept
small. They will be purposefully selected on the criteria of a compa-
ratively large population and a relatively poor performance in FP.
Discussion at different levels will be supplemented by personal and
first-band observation of the working of the new programme at the
field level.
Importance of The ,study may have a direct relevance to FP strategy and action.
the Project Moreover, there has been so much subjective argument about the
use of incentives and disincentives in this country that the Family
Planning Foundation might consider it a special challenge to com-
mission a study through an organisation such as the Centre foi Policy
Studies.
Current
Status
The study is currently in its first phase, preparation of a study.
outline, framing guide points for discussion and selecting sample state,
district and local units.
Title of
Establishing Private Out"-Patient Fertility· Control Clinics in the
the Project Rural Areas.
Budget
Sanctioned
94
A rural area in Maharashtra.
Rs 5,000 planning grant.
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Background
The Health Promotion Society, started in 1960, aims at providing
health and FP services throughout the country with a chain of family
planning hospitals. The first of these institutions has been functioning
in Bombay for a year and offers free FP services, abortion at a nomi-
nal cost and subsidised medical care. Dr Pai now proposes to open a
second hospital .on the same lines in a rural area in Maharashtra and
a third in the city of Kanpur.
Objectives
The planning grant has been sanctioned to develop a project pro-
posal in a rural area of Maharashtra based on the urban experience
of the family planning hospital. A broad survey of the identified area
will be conducted to determine:
a) the necessary infrastructure relevant to the envisaged programme:
ramme;
.
b) bread demographic and social profile of the people and theil'
service needs; and
c) the financial and other needs of the project.
Methodology Dr Pai will make an initial survey of the various needs of the project
and may also.have to employ technical expertise to 'execute it.
Current
Status
Title of .
the Project
Commi-
ssioned by
Population and Women: a Programme based on International
Women's Year.
Commissioned by the Foundation and to he executed by Mr P. N.
Luthra ..
Budget
Sanctioned
International Women's Year has thrown up a number of ideas, both
nationally and internationally for new policies and programmes. The
information gathered is varied and widespread. It would be worth-
while to review all the available literature identifying areas of popu-
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Bearing the critical importance of women in population control and
FP in mind, the aim of the study is to:
a) review broadly the literature on IWY, including the report on
the status of women;
b) review various programmes, envisaged as well ac; already under-
taken; and
c) suggest meaningful programmes with a time perspective to the
Family Planning Foundation and other institutions with develop-
mental and population interests, especially non-government
organisations.
Methodology The study is to be conducted by an individual under the guidance
of a small advisory group and will take about two months.
Current
Status
Col. Luthra, a retired officer of the Indian Administrative Service,
has been selected for this study. The necessary technical and
secretarial support is being provided.
Title of
the Project
Commi-
ssioned by
Women, Population and Poverty in Indian Slums: the Foundation's.
programme for HABITAT: United Nations Conference on Human
Settlements.
Budget
Sanctioned
To create a meaningful role for itself in solving the problems of
human settlements, both urban and rural, the Foundation has decided
to undertake a project which brings out some of the crucial aspects
of these problems which have a bearing on rapid growth of popula-
tion; Poverty in Indian slums is one SUchproject.
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Objectives
To study in depth and identify the nature of the problems of women
of small means in relation to their fertility behaviour and evolve
.methods to motivate them to r~trict the size of their families.
Methodology
A study is to be made of 50 to 60 women living below the poverty
line in slums in different cities. Six young women social scientists
will be selected to study about ten women e!lChof fertile age. The
overall study may be made in the form of analysis of case histories
Twelve of the women chosen for study could be analysed for their
special or unique character to provide material for detailed case
histories.
Importance of Women living below the poverty line may be expected to display
Project
quite different attitudes and fertility behaviobl.rfrom other women.
A detailed study of these differences in the context of their socio-
economic envirOfIlmentwould be very useful in developing appropriate
motivational strategies.
Current
Status
The Foundation has selected social researchers to carry out field
studies in six cities. The Executive· Director is coordinating the
study.
Title of
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 1,04,000, comprising:
i) Rs 69,000 for two of the six camps to be held;
ii) Rs 30,000 for the evaluation of the camps by the Gandhigram
Institute of Rural Development.
iii) Rs 5,000 as planning grant for a follow-up study of the camps.
Background The mass sterilisation camps held in the country in the early
97
seventies were conducted as action projects and they lacked an
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experimental basis. There was no provision for on-the-spot eval uation
and claims about their unprecedented success have met with
scepticism from several researchers. For the first time, the Corpora-
tion of Madras decided to hold vasectomy and tubectomy camps
aimed at reaching the urban poor and using the urban infrastructure.
These camps would at the same time have a strong research base
to permit on-the-spot evaluation of all aspects-organisation, the
performance of various categories of workers and a follow-up of the
sterilised cases. The demographic and motivational factors involved
would also be studied. An important feature of these camps is that
incentives would be confined to compensation for travel and work
hours lost and food packets to ensure adequate nutrition in the days
immediately after tJ:le operation.
Objectives
To evaluate the role and effectiveness of mass sterilisation camps in
an urban setting.
.
Methodology
The Corporation of Madras expects to conduct six mass vasectomy
and tubectomy camps to sterilise 10,000 males and 10,000 females in
the eligible or reproductive age groups between December 1975 and
June 1976.
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning
Planning has been assigned the task of simultaneously evaluating
these camps in terms of organisational dynamics, the performance
of different categories of workers, the demographic characteristics of
acceptors and so on.
Importance of Mass sterilisation camps have received much publicity as a means
Project
of lowering fertility. But how far this is deserved has not· been
seriously tested. Unfortunately both positive and negative reactions
to the camps have been based on post-event evaluation. The Madras
camps are expected to allow a more scientific on-the-spot evaluation
and could therefore have considerable feedback value for similar
campaigns in other urban areas. Evaluation of the project is the total
responsibility of the Foundation, while the actual camps will be
financed by the Foundation in conjunction with other voluntary
organisations like Round Tables, the Rotary Club, andthe Cooperative
for Amercian Relief Everywhere (CARE).
Current
Status
98
Two vasectomy camps, with simultaneous provISIon of tubectomy
services, were held at Narnmalwarpet and Royapuram in Jan.uary-
February 1976. The Gandhigram Institute has taken on the task of
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evaluation and the Foundation has sanctioned a further sum of
Rs 5,OUO to design a longitudinal follow-up study on the basis of
the experience gained.
Title of
the Project
Commi-
ssioned by
Budget
Sanctioned
Action-Oriented Innovative Projects in Organised Industries for De-
veloping Models.
Commissioned by the Foundation and to be executed by Mr B. R.
Deolalikar.
The Foundation hopes to develop five or six projects for U$e in FP
strategy in the industrial sector. The study on Sectoral Strategy in
the Organised Sector conducted by the Indian Institute of Manage-
ment, Ahmedabad, will be used as a base.
Current
Status
In the first instance five or six units which are typical of Indian in-
dustries will be studied from the following. aspects:
a) the present status of the FP programme in the state/country;
b) the potential of the existing infrastructure for more effective
work and the human, financial and other resources involved;
c) the community around the industries in their interactive relation.-
ship; and
d) other relevant aspects of the industries. Suitable projects will be
designed on the basis 'of the findings of these studies.
The Foundation has assigned the task to Shri B. R. Deolalikar. who
is currently visiting a number of industrial sites for ideas for de-
signing· the study.
Title of
the Project
A Pilot Project on Health, Welfare and Education ,with Special em-
phasis on Population Education.
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Commi-
ssioned by
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 3,00,000,including Rs 1,50,000already ,sanctioned for a project on
population education for out-of-school youth.
Population education for non-schooling youth, newly married or on
the threshold of marriage and reproduction., is an important pro-
gramme area and the Foundation is already supporting a project on
the same lines in Maharashtra at the request of All India Panchayat
Parishad. But in the Kashmir Project, population: education has been
made a part of the total community health and welfare programme
for greater impact. A hospital has been chosen as the nucleus of the
programme in view of the envisaged role of this institution as a
catalytic agent of chalIlge besides being a conventional source of
treatment and cure.
The main aim of the project is to develop a comprehensive prog-
ramme of health, family planning and population education along
with general welfare activities and to assess its impact both in the
short and long term on: popular attitudes and behaviour. Ways of
imparting comprehensive health education as a built-in component
of the activities of the hospital will be studied. The main focus of
this project is out-of-school rural youth (16-22 years for males and
14-20 years for females) which will influence the future demographic
pattern of the country. The evolution of a system of communication
for these groups is an important component of the programme.
Methodology
The nucleus of the programme is the Sher-e-Kashmir Polyclinic. A
number of innovative ideas will be tried, tested and if found suitable,
woven into a system of health delivery under the project. But the
Community Health Department of the State will have to be strength-
ened and the necessary infrastructure created. The Department re-
quires a core staff to manage the project activities adequately.
Importance of The, project holds high promise in tertns of its replicative value for
Project
FP programmes. The State Government is associated with the pro-
100
ject in the most meaningful way possible. The polyclinic is a new
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Current
Status
but growing institution, and using its infrastructure for ~emonstration
purposes might be a trend-setter.
The Foundation is in the process of working out the programme
with the polyclinic. The project is being incorporated in a larger pro-·
ject of the State Government with the focus on the integrated health
care programme in the area. Another important feature of the pro-
gramme is training school teachers as 'innovative health workers.
(Rahber-e-Seaht).
Title of
the Project
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 1,30,000.
Background
Audio-visual commnnication has been consistently shown to have a
greater impact than the written or spoken word alone. Especially
now, with the satellite instructional television experiment (SITE)
reaching a greater number of TV and, cinema screen viewers than
ever before, the time is ripe to propagate the idea of family plannil}g
through simple yet meaningful films. Mr Chowdhury's proposal to
make a 20-minute documentary tentatively entitled Population and
Family Planning with the Focus on Women was considered timely.
Such a film, if effectively made, could through mass distribution and
screening be expected to make a considerable impact, esPecially on
rural audiences.
Objectives
To produce a topical and visually arresting short on the importanct:
of family planning, with special focus on women, in the form of an
easily understood story.
Methodology Mr Chowdhury has already submitted the script for approval to the
Foundation. He will make the film by July 1976, taking into account
101
the suggestions of the Foundation's Advisory Panel.
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Importance of Apart from the use that the film could be put to, the Foundation will
Project
evaluate its impact for future referen.ce. International Women's De-
cade makes the idea very topical, and besides being widely screened
in India the film is expected to be used by international agencies.
Current
Status'
Mr Chowdhury had informal discussions in March 1976 about the
locale for the film and has been informed of the suggestions made
by the Advisory Panel. The Ministry of Information and Broadcast-
ing has granted release of raw colour film for the project.
Title of
the Project
Commi-
ssioned by
Budget
Sanctioned
Joint collaboration between the Foundation and United Nations Eco-
nomic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
ESCAP made informal inquiries about the possibility of securing
the Foundation's collaboration in preparing a monograph on the
population of India. This is to be prepared on the basis of a general
design for all the countries in the region.
The aim is to prepare an exhaustive study with developmental rele-
vance. The subject matter covered in the monograph would fnclude
growth and distribution of population, age and sex, literacy and
education, economic activities, household and housing, mortality,
marital status, fertility, family planning, prospects of population
growth, and interaction of population trends with social and economic
background.
.
While the overall cost of the project will be met by ESCAP in terms
of payment to authors and similar expenses the Foundation is expec·
ted to organise the study by assoCiating appropriate technical exper-
tise by calling meetings of experts and undertaking administrative
and coordination work. A technical group will help the Foundation
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Current
Status
The Advisory Panel recommended' a grant of Rs 5,000 for the study.
This amount may be increased to Rs 30,000 for arranging meetings
of experts and other coordinating activities. The Foundation is, now
working out the final details with ESCAP.
Title of
the Project
Innovative Approaches for the Creation of Demand and Promotion of
Community Involvement and Participation in Family Welfare Plan-
ning Programmes: an experiment with Mother's Club/Mahila Kalyan
Mandals.
Submitted by National Institute of Family Planning (NIFP) with Dr (Miss) Amita
1Burdhan and Dr D.C. Dube as Project Directors.
Budget
Sanctioned
Rs 5,000 planning grant.
Background
Though the national family planning programme begun in 1952 ha.s
reached practically all the urban and rural centres it has yet to make
a significant demographic impact. A stage has been reached when it
must be converted into a people's programme. Though 'local institu-
tions of the people, which have been successfully used in other coun-
tries such as the Philippines and the Republic of Korea, lil~e th~
mahila mandals exist in India no serious attempt has been made to
involve them in family welfare planning programmes. The present
proposal envisages a practical model for galvanising the mahila man-
daIs and similar organisations.
Objectives
As women and children constitute the most relevant groups of the
population in relation to family welfare planning, the project pro-
poses to concentrate on securing the active support of local women's
associations for the programme.
Methodology The planning grant is intended to enable NIFP prepare a project
design based on areas outside the field practice areas it covers (in a
103
state like UP or Rajasthan) to make the demonstration more replic-
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Importance of Mothers being the most target group of family planning programmes,
Project
their involvement in any action-cum-demonstration project geared to
the overall objective of involving people in the programme is impor-
tant.
Current
Status
Certain discussions have been held with NIFP on preparing a pro-
ject design.
Title of
the Project
Commi-
ssioned by
Budget
Sanctioned
Commissioned by the Foundation and to be executed by an institu-
tion/individual to be selected.
Population education would conceivably make more sense in India
if linked to rural and agricultural education. A large network for ins-
truction in agriculture already exists in forms ranging from large
universities to small farmer-training centres. These resources, if
tapped properly, could give them a very important dual role in exten··
sion education programmes. Besides reaching a large target popula-
tion, they would also" by the very nature of the information they
impart, reach a more receptive audience than that facing conven-
tional FP workers.
The planning grant will be used to design a project to be undertaken
in population and agricultural production by an unspecified organisa·
tion. At present the Agricultural Institute at Allahabad is the only
one of its kind which offers contraceptive services, and it would be
worthwhile to prepare a more replicable design for use in similar
organisations.
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Current
Status
The grant for the project has been sanctioned. The Foundation is
holding informal discussions about it with officials of the Ministry
of Agriculture and Irrigation, the Indian Council of Agricultural Re-
search and an Agriculture University. The design of the study will
be prepared on the outcome of these discussions and a person or
institution will then be chosen to implement it.
Title of
Analytical Case Study of an Innovative Programme in Population
the Project and Family Planning.
Submitted by The Family Planning Foundation (An institution yet to be identi-
fied).
Description
Brief
Current
Status
The International Council for Educational Development (ICED)has
been interacting with the Foundation about bringing out a number
of case studies, evaluative as well as descriptive, to provide th~
main core of empirical evidence of alternative educational approach-
es for bringing about acceptance of small family norms.
The Foundation considered it appropriate to commission a case
study of a programme in India along these lines. This could later
be merged with the international study:
Title of
Involvement of Private Medical Practitioners in the National Fa-
the Project mily Planning Programme.
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Brief
Descri:ption
The Indian Medical Association (IMA) plans to intensify efforts
to involve its members, nearly 45,000 in number, in providing fa-
mily planning education, motivation and such services as doctors
are trained in and can undertake,. especially in the rural areas. This
pilot study at present aims at fact finding in one or two districts
for developing a methodology and mechanism for involvi,ng private
medical practitioners. On the basis of this pilot study a model pro-
gramme for implementation would be developed for the Founda-
tion to consider for funding.
Current
Status
Title of
the Project
Integrated Health, Education arid Family Planning with Community
Cooperation.
Submitted. by The Family Planning Foundation (An individual/institution to be
-identified).
Brief
Description
Originally this project was sanctioned, in principle, for the Popula-
tion -Council of India (PCI) but this was subject to PCI raising ad-
ditional funds from other sources for other importan~ inputs. Since
PCI could not raise the additional funds and has in any case wound
up now, another suitable organisation is being identified to under-
~ke the project.
Title of
the Project
Foundation's Programme for HABITAT~lnternational
on Human Settlements.
Conference
Submitted. by The Family Planning Foundation (Mrs M. Ralia Ram, under the
guidance of Prof J. C. Kavoori).
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Brief
Description
The study involves a survey of the literature on environmental and
human settJementsand the development of a strategy for the same.
It is likely to be completed by August 1, 1970.
Title of
the Projeet
Brief Study and Review of the Non-projected Aids Having a Bear-
ing on Population and Family Planning.
Submitted by The Family Pl~ng
be identified).
Foundation (An individual/institution yet to
Brief
Description
The review will cover the material produced in Hindi during the
last five years to ascertain the place of non-projected aids in mass
communication.
Title of
,the Project
Brief
Description
Preliminary discussions have been htold with journalists and senior
staff from some newspapers and a strategy is being formulated.
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12.1 Page 111 |
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12.2 Page 112 |
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A.F. FERGUSON & CO.
Chartered Accountants
Agenda Item No.2
Scindia House, Kasturba Gandhi Marg
Post Box No. 24, New Delhi
We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of the Family Plan-
ning Foundation as at 31st December, 1975 and the Income and Ex-
penditure Account for the year ended on that date with the books
and records submitted to us and have found it in accordance there-
with.
We have obtained all the information and explanations we have
required and, in our opinion, the Balance Sheet and the Income and
Expenditure Account set forth a true and fair view of the state of
affairs of the Foundation as at -31st December, 1975, and of the ex-
cess of Income over Expenditure for the year then endec:irespective-
ly, according to the best of our information and explanations given
to us and as per the books and records submitted to us.
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December
31, 1974
3,500 SUNDRY CREDITORS
GRANTS AND DONATIONS
47,49,497 As at December 31, 1974
9,12,195 Add. Received during 1975
Less: Disbursements
(-) 4,87,509 Upto December 31,
(-) 8,17,741
1974
During 1975
(Schedule attached)
(-) 3,643 UNICEF GRANT ACCOUNT.
Ks
Ks
1,500
56,61,693
35,97,412
----
92,59,105
13,05,250
8,17,565
----
21,22,815
7l,36,29G
520
2,43,040
1,36,237
SURPLUS
Excess of Income over Expenditure
As on January 1, '75
3,79,277
As per annexed Ales.
3,11,190
NOTE
Grants:
1. The entire actual disbursements have been shown as grants and
deducted from the total grants/donations received, although
audited accounts from grantees for Rs 8,83,585 (December 31,
1974, 8,45,711) have yet to be received as shown in the
attached schedule.
2. Where necessary previous year's figures have been recast. ~o
facilitate comparison.
NEW DELHI
As per our report attached
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12.4 Page 114 |
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FIXED ASSETS
(As per schedule annexed)
INVESTMENTS
With Delhi Cloth & General
Mills Co. Ltd.
With I.T.C. Ltd.
With Bombay Dyeing & Mfg. Co. Ltd.
With Escorts Tractors Ltd.
_ 2,01,587 INTEREST ACCRUED
.._------~_--
315 PREPAID EXPENSES (Car Insurance)
ADVANCES
9,400
1,900
Executive Director
Other Staff
SECURITY DEPOSITS
For Petrol
For Telephones
1,67,888
5,082
CASH AND BANK BALANCES
Cash in hand
With Central Bank of India:
On Savings Bank Account
On Current Account
With First National City Bank:
On Savings Bank Account
5,00,000
5,00,000
15,00,000
8,200
1,441
61,00,000
2,79,724
286
500
11,800
4,75,956
22,251
Sd/-
Members Governing Board
Secretary & Treasure
Sd/-
A. F. Ferguson & Co.
CHARTERED AC~OUNTANTS
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12.5 Page 115 |
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Previous
Year
1,01,285 Staff Salaries
8,799 Contribution to Provident
and Pension Funds
5,374 Medical Expenses
2,850 Honoraria
4,384 Consultation Fees
16,800 Rent - Office
Residential Accommodation
(including subsidy (Rs. 6,972
to staff 10,484) in 1974)
Travel Expenses:
24,066 Executive Director
18,564 Others
9,536 CO:lveyance Expenses
12,849 Maintenance of Ex. Dir.'s Car
including Rs. 425/- (Less monthly
recovery of Rs. 150/- for personal use)
Repairs & Maintenance:
2,852
1,449
1,338
13,208
5,111
11,896
8,847
199
1,000
6,232
1,36,237
Office
Residence
Electricity & Water
Postage, Telephones and Telegrams
Library (Books & Periodicals)
Printing & Stationery
Meetings Entertainments & Staff Welfare
General Expenses
Audit Fees
Depreciation
Excess of Income over Expenditure for the
year carried to Balance Sheet
18,000
34,304
6,356
21,783
4,012
948
9,302
10,554
2,600
13,360
28,139
11,985
12,709
4,960
1,888
20,393
5,331
13,253
11,03£1
796
1,500
5.547
Notes:
1. The Executive Director's Remunerations for the year amounted
to Rs. 56,148 (previous year Rs. 56,626). In addition he is
provided with car and driver by the Foundation, for official and
personal uses, and a recovery of Rs. 150/- p.m. is being made
for personal use.
2. All grants received/disbursed during the year are refiected
directly in the Balance Eheet - See note on Balance Sheet.
3. Where necessary previous year's figures have been recast to
facilitate comparison.
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Sd/-
.
Members Governing Board
Secretary & Treasurer
NEW DELHI
As per our report attached
Sd/-
A. F. Ferguson & Co.
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
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12.7 Page 117 |
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
Schedule of Fixed Assets annexed to and forming part of the Balance Sheet as on 31.12.1975
,--
---
----_ ... -
COST
DEPRECIATION
Particulars
As at Additions Sales!Adjst.
1.1.75 during during the
the year year
Total as
on
31.12.75
Up tq
1.1.75
lfor the Total up to
year
31.12.75
.
WRITTEN DOWN
VALUE
---------
As at
As at
31.12.75
31.12.74
1. Motor Car
23,337
-
-
2. Furniture,
34,779 6,743
22
Fixtures and
Equipment
23,337
41,500
13,7",8
7,534
1,912
3,635
15,690
11,169
7,647
30,331
9,559
27,245
Total
58,116 6,743
22
64,837
21,312
5,547
26,859
37,978
36,804
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12.8 Page 118 |
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CONSOLIDATED POSITION OF GRANTS SANCTIONED AND DISBURSED
UPTO DECEMBER 31, 1975
(Annexed to and forming part of the Balance Sheet as at 31-12-1975}
Period
PROJECTS
Disbursed Accounted
No. Sanctioned Surrenders
Net
upto
31-12-75
for upto
31-12-75
1972 )
1973 )
1974
1975
Rs
Rs
Rs
Rs
Rs ...
32
25,49,520 1,81,384 23,68,136 16,83,359
10,23,89&
17
16,10,000
25,000 15,85,000 3,54,456
29
20,07,500
15,000 19,92,500
85,000
2,15,337
Total
78
61,67,020 2,21,384 59,45,636 21,22,815
12,39,230
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Donations - Summary as on 31-12-1975
(Annexed to and forming part of the Balance Sheet as at 31-12-1975)
Region
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
Total
Bombay
Calcutta
Ahmedabad
Delhi
Madras
Rs
19,80,000
3',65,100
1,30,000
1,00,000
50,000
Rs
3,43,000
72,000
2,47,500
1,30,000
5,000
Rs
70,000
1,95,000
1,31,000
22,872
1,44,500
Rs
25,000
42,000
47,500
35,000
Rs
25,89,600
67,500
10,000
43,000
Rs
50,07,600
7,42,100
5,66,000
2,95,872
2,34,500
Total
Ford Foundation
Grand Total
26,25,100 7,97,500 5,63,372 1,50,000 27,10,100 68,46,072
3,79,270 3,84,256 7,32,195 8,87,312 24,13,033
26,25,100 11,76,770 9,47,628 9,12,195 35,97,412 92,59,105
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Tata Chemicals Ltd.
Glaxo Laboratories
Premier Tyres Ltd.
Pioneer Magnesia Ltd.
New India Industries Ltd.
Associated Bearing Co. Ltd.
Flender Macneill Gears Ltd.
Indian· Tube Co. Ltd.
Tribeni Tissues
Brooke Bond India Ltd.
Delhi Cloth Mills
Bharat Steel Tubes
Receipts
Rs
25,00,000
4,500
25,000
100
10,000
50,000
·5,000
-10,000
2,500
. 50,000
·28,000
~15,000 ~
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Ill. Library
----
5,113
IV. Travel & Incidentals
-----
0.31
0.18
Foundation's staff and
9,228
Governing Board/General
Body Members
0.12
0.15
Advisory Council/'Panel
18,911
Member and ConsUltants
0.Q7
0.10
V. Honoraria/Consultant Fees 15,960
-------------
0.08
0.09
VI. Meeting/Entertainments
9,956
0.01
0.01
VII. Audit Fee
------
2.95
2.95
Total
1,500
3,14,028
0.05
0.08
Purchase of
more books.
0.25
0.25
0.20
0.25
More operating
expenses on
consultancy and
monitoring of
projects.
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.01
0.02
(Rs. 1500 as for
last year)
3.41
4.411
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13.4 Page 124 |
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NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Statement
by
Dr. KARAN SINGH
Minister of Health and Family Planning
NEW DELHI
16 April, 1976
With 2.4 per cent of the world's land area, India has about 15
per cent of the world's people. It is estimated that our population
as on 1st January, 1976 has crossed the 600 million mark, and is
now rising at the rate of well over one million per month. Since
Independence 250 millions have been added, equivalent to the entire
population of the Soviet Union with six times the land area of India.
The increase every year is now equal to the entire population of
Australia which is 2-1/2 times the size of our country. If the
present rate of increase continues unchecked our population at the
turn of the century may well reach the staggering figure of one
billion. Indisputably we are facing a population explosion of crisis
dimensions which has largely diluted the fruits of the remarkable
economic progress that we have made over the last two decades. If
the future of the nation is to be secured, and the goal of removing
poverty to be attained, the population problem will have to be treat-
ed as a top national priority and commitment.
2. Our real enemy is poverty, and it is as a frontal assault on the
citadels of poverty that the Fifth Five-Year Plan has included the
Minimum Needs Programme. One of its five items is integrated
package of health, family planning and nutrition. Far reaching steps
have been initiated to reorient the thrust of medical education so as
to strengthen the community medicine and rural health aspects, and
to restructure the health care delivery system on a three-tier basis
going down to the most far-flung rural areas where the majority of
cur people reside and where child mortality and morbidity are the
highest. Similarly, ignorance, illiteracy and superstition have got to
be fought and eliminated. In the ultimate analysis it is only when the
underlying causes of poverty and disease are eliminated that the
nation will be able to move forward to its desired ideals.
3. Nonetheless it is clear that simply to wait for education and
economic development to bring about a drop in fertility is not a prac··
tical solution. The very increase in population makes economic de.
velopment slow and more difficult of achievement. The time factor
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is so pressing, and the population growth so formidable, that we
have to get out of the vicious circle through a direct assault upon
this problem as a national commitment. The President in his ad-
dress to the Joint Session of Parliament this year reiterated the im-
portance of stepping up family planning efforts, and the Prime Min-
ister has On several occasions laid stress upon the crucial role that
population control has to play in the movement towards economic
independence and social transformation, specially in the light of the
20-Point Economic Programme.
4. Considerable work has been done in our country in the field of
family planning, but clearly only the fringe of the problem has so
far been touched. In this context, after a thorough and careful con-
sideration of all the factors involved as well as the expression of
a wide spectrum of public opinion, Government have decided on a
series of fundamental measures detailed below which, it is hoped,
will enable us to achieve the planned target of reducing the birth
rate from an estimated 35 per thousand in the beginning of the Fifth
Plan to 25 per thousand at the end of the Sixth. Allowing for the
steady decline in the death rate that will continue due to the im-
provement in our medical and public health services and the living
standards of our people, this is expected to bring down the growth
rate of population in our country to 1.4 percent by 1984.
5. Raising the age of marriage will not only have a demonstrable
demographic impact, but will also lead to more responsible parent-
hOod and help to safeguard the health of the mother and the child.
It is well known that very early pregnancy leads to higher maternal
and infant mortality. Also, if the women of our country are to play
their rightful role in its economic, social and intellectual life, the
practice of early marriage will have to be severely discouraged. The
present law has not been effectively or uniformly enforced. It has,
therefore, been decided that the minimum age of marriage should be
raised to 18 for girls and 21 for boys, and suitable legislation to this
effect will be passed. Offences under this law will be cognizable by
an officer not below the rank of a Sub-Divisional Magistrate. The
question of making registration of marriages compulsory is under
active consideration.
6. It has been represented by some States that while on the one
hand we are urging them to limit their population, those States which
do well in this field facE'reduction of representation in Parliament
while those with weak performance in family planning tend to get
increasing representation. It is obviously necessary to remedy this
situation. It has, therefore, been decided that the representation in
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the Lok Sabha/and the State Legislatures will be frozen on the basis
of the 1971 census until the year 2001. This means in effect that
the cehsus counts of 1981 and 1991 will not be considered for pur-
poses of adjustment of Lok Sabha Legislature seats. Necessary con-
stitutional amendment will be brought forward during the current
year. Appropriate legislation for other elective bodies will also be
undertaken.
7. In a federal system, the sharing of Central resources with the
States is a matter of considerable importance. In all cases where
population is a factor, as in the allocation of Central assistance to
State Plans, devolution of taxes and duties and grants"-in-aid, the
population figqres of 1971 will continue to J:>efollowed till the year
2001. In the matter of Central assistance to State Plans, eight per
cent will be specifically earmarked against performance in family
planning. The detailed procedures in this regard will be worked out
by the Planning Commission.
8. While there is a direct correlation between illiteracy and ferti··
lity, this is particularly marked in the case of girls' education.
Wherever female literacy improves, it has been seen that fertility
drops almost automatically. It is, therefore, necessary that special
measures be taken to raise the levels of female education, particu-
larly above the middle level for girls as well as non-formal educa-
tion plans for young women especially in certain backward States
where the family planning performance so far has been unimpres-
sive. The same is true with regard to child nutrition programmes,
as high infant mortality and morbidity have a direct impact on fer-
tility. The Ministry of Education is urging upon the State Govern-
ments the necessity to give these matters higher priority than has
been accorded so far and fully earmarking adequate outlays both
for girls education upto the middle level and child nutrition.
9. My Ministry is 'also in close touch with the Education Ministry
with regard to the introduction of population values in the educatio-
nal system, and the NCERT has already made a beginning in bring-
ing out some text books on these lines. It is essential that the younger
generations should grow up with an adequate awareness of the po"
pulation problem and a realization of their national responsibility
in this regard. Indeed, if I may venture to say so. exhortations to
plan families are more important for the younger generations than
for those who have already made their contribution to our demo-
graphic profile.
10. The adoption of a small family norm is too important a matter
to be considered the responsibility of only one Ministry. It is essen-
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13.7 Page 127 |
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tial that all Ministries and Departments of the Government of India
as well as the States should take up as an integral part of their
normal programme and budgets the motivation of citizens to adopt
responsible reproductive behaviour both in their own as well as the
national interest. A directive to this effect is being issued by the
Prime Minister to all Ministries of the Government of India, and a
letter will also be addressed by her to all Chief Ministers. The per-
formance of family planning in the States will be more carefully
and intensively monitored than in the past, and the Union Cabinet
will review the situation in depth at least once a year.
11. Experience over the last 20 years has shown that monetary com-
pensation does have a significant impact upon the acceptance of
family planning, particularly among the poorer sections of society. In
view of the desirability of limiting the family size to two or three it
has been decided that monetary compensation for sterilization (both
male and female) will be raised to Rs. 150/- if performed with two
living children or less,Rs. 100/- if performed with three living child-
ren and Rs.70/- if performed with four or more children. These
amounts will include the money payable to individual acceptors as
well as other charges such as drugs and dressings, etc., and will take
effect from 1st May, 1976. Facilities for sterilization and MTP are
being increasingly extended to cover rural areas.
12. In addition to individual compensation, Government is of the
view that group incentives should now be introduced in a bold and
imaginative manner so as to make family planning a mass movement
with greater community involvement. It has, therefore, been decid-
ed that suitable group incentives will be introduced for the medical
profession, for Zila and Panchayat Samitis, for teachers at varIOUS
levels, for cooperative societies and for labour in the organized sec-
tor through their respective representative national organizations.
Details of these group incentives are being worked out in consulta··
tionwith the concerned organizations.
13. Despite governmental efforts at Union, State and Municipal
level, family planning cannot succeed unless voluntary organizations
are drawn into its promotion in an increasing measure, particularly
youth and women's organizations. There is already a scheme for aid-
ing voluntary organizations, and it has been decided that this will
be expanded. Also, full rebate will be allowed in the ~come tax
assessment for amounts given as donations for family planning pur-
poses to Government, local bodies or any registered voluntary orga-
. nization. approved for this purpose by the Union Ministry of Health.
14. Research in reproductive biology and contraception is under
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way in several of our scientific institutions, and there are some very
promising developments which, we hope, will lead to a major break-
through before too long. This is a great challenge to our scientists,
and efforts in this direction will receive special attention so that
necessary research inputs are ensured on a long range and continu-
ing basis.
15. The question of compulsory sterilization has been the subject
of lively public debate over the last few months. It is clear that
public opinion is now ready to accept much more stringent measures
for family planning than before. However, the administrative and
medical infrastructure in many parts of the country is still not ade-
quate to cope with the vast implications of nation-wide compulsory
sterilization. We do not, therefore, intend to bring in Central legis-
lation for this purpose,at least for the time being. Some States feel
that the facilities available with them are adequate to meet the re-
quirements of compulsory sterilization .. We are of the view that
where a State legislature, in the exercise of its own powers, decides
that the time is ripe and it is necessary to pass legislation for com-
pulsory sterilization, it may do so. Our advice to the States in such
cases will be to bring in the limitation after three children, and to
make it uniformly applicable to all Indian citizens resident in that
State without distinction of caste, creed or community.
16. Some States have also introduced a series of measures directed
towards their employees and other citizens in the matter of prefer ..
entia! allotment of houses, loans, etc. for those who have accepted
family planning. In this sphere also we have decided to leave it to
each individual State to introduce such measures as they consider
necessary and desirable. Employees of the Union Government will
be expected to adopt the small family norm and necessary changes
will be made in their service/conduct rules. to ensure this.
17. In order to spread the message of family planning throughout
the nation, a new multi-media motivational strategy is being evolved
which will utilize all the available media channels including the
radio, television (specially programmes aimed directly at rural audi-
ences),' the press, films, visual displays and also include traditional
folk media such as the jatra, puppet shows, folk songs and folk dan-
ces. The attempt is to move from the somewhat urban-elitist ap-
proaches of the past into a much more imaginative and vigorous
rural-oriented approach. In this context my Ministry is working in
close co-ordination with the Ministry of Information and Broadcast-
ing, and is also trying to draw the best media talent available j~
the country iIito the structuring of the new programme.
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18. This package of measures will succeed in its objective only if
it receives the full and active co-operation of the people at large. It
is my sincere hope that the entire nation will strongly endorse the
new population policy which, as part of a multi-faceted strategy for
economic development and social emancipation, is directed towards
building a strong and prosperous India in the years and decades to
come.
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13.10 Page 130 |
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SUGGESTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
by the
ADVISORY COUNCIL
(Meeting held on 22nd April 1976)
Observations
(1) The quality and quantity of the work of the Foundation was
commendable, particularly as it was undertaken by a limited
staff without an adequate technical base within the Founda-
tion's own structure.
(2) The Council expressed the clear opinion that within the
research framework of its functions the J.."oundationhad
supported programmes of practical value to policy-maker.5
and programmes. The research and other programmes were
not just research and theoretically orientated.
(3) From the Annual Report presented to the Council, the trends,
of project support showed quite clearly that the Foundation
was going in more and more for sponsored programmes.
(4) The Foundation was increasingly, supporting biomedical
research, which was a challenging area of work. This was a
happy development.
(5) Programmes of study and action sponsored by the Foundation
were of high quality and relevant to the needs of the field.-
The Foundation's machinery for evaluating .and monitoring
projects needed to be strengthened.
Suggestions
(1) Priority. One more item under priorities needs to be included,
namely the promotion of programmes in backward States and
areas where the family planning programme is poor.
(2) National Population Policy. In the wake of the National
Population Policy statement certain situations would arise
which need to be studied and, where necessary, remedial
measures suggested to fill the gap between the announcement
of the policy and its follow-up action. For example, as part
of this radical policy States were being given the option
to introduce· compulsory sterilisation. Its implications,
especially for effective implementation, creating and galvanis-
ing machinery for evaluating and monitoring the programmes
need new scales and determination. These aspects would be
examined and studied by the Foundation.
(3) Increasing Role of Voluntary Organisations. To make family
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14 Pages 131-140 |
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14.1 Page 131 |
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planning programme a people's programme, the Foundation
should sponsor studies/research not only to identify the already
existing organisations but also to strengthen such of the
organisations as have a will and capacity to play a meaningful
role with some additional inputs. Care should, however; be
taken to involve local or at the most youth from nearby small
towns in helping develop rural programmes.
(4) Use of Research Findings. The Foundation should set up
machinery to give wide publicity to useful results and findings
of studies and research promoted by the Foundation and arouse
interest among policy-makers, administrators, organisations
and Government.
(5) Community Health Workers. Programmes involving commu-
nity-based functionaries such as village leaders, village school
teachers, village postmasters and dais should be promoted.
(6) Programmes on Communication, Training and Non-Formal
Education. Notwithstanding the monopoly of the Government
in areas like communication, training and non-formal educa-
tion, the Foundation should develop more programmes in
relation to family planning.
(7) Evaluation and Monitoring Arrangement. The Foundation
should evolve proper evaluating and monitoring machinery
as part of its own staff in addition to outside consultancy on a
regional basis.
(8) Image of the Foundation. More publicity needs to be given
to the Foundation's existence and its activities, so that more
persons and institutions should know about the Foundation
and avail of the facilities it offers.
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,
I ALREADY PUBLISHED
(A) Studies
1. Status Study on Population'
Research in India.
i) Vol I : Behavioural
Science
ii) Vol Ir: Demography
iii) Vol III: Bio-Medical
2. Population in India's
Development by the year
2000 AD.
3. Voluntary Efforts in
Family Planning - A
Brief History.
4. Studies in Family
Planning: India.
(B) Seminar Reports
5. Report on the Seminar and
Summer Institute in Family
Planning for Social Work
Education.
6. Recent Advances in Contra-
ceptive Technology (under
print)
7. Regulation of Growth and
Differentiated Function in
Eukaryote Cells.
(C) Journals
8. "Demography-In,dia"
(Quarterly Journal)
Authors
Mr S. P. Jain.
Prof G. P. Talwar.
Indian Association for the Study of
Population - Dr Asok MItra, Prof
Ashish Bose, Prof P. B. Desai, Prof
J. N. Sharma.
Association for School of Social
Work in India, Madras.
Dr K. R. Laumas, All India Institute
of Medical Sciences.
Prof G. P. Talwar, All India
Institute of Medical Sciences.
Indian Association for the Study of
Population.
Publishers
Tata McGraw-Hill PUblish1ng Co. Ltd.
Hindustan Publishing Corpn (India),
Delhi.
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U EXPECTED TO BE PUBLISHED SHORTLY
9. Sectoral Strategies for
Prof C. N. S. Nambudiri and
Family Planning Programmes Prof B. R. Sharma,. Indian Institute
in India (Vol I).
of Management.
10. Six Case Studies on Family
Planning in Selected Indus-
trial Enterprises (Vol II).
Dr J. K. Satia of Indian Institute
of Management, Ahmedabad.
11. Status Study on Population
Research in India
(Vol IV-Management).
Dr J. K. Satia of Indian Institute
of Management, Ahmedabad.
12. Evaluation of Gujarat State
Massive Vasectomy Campaign.
13. PopUlation and the Legal
Framework.
Dr Phul Chand
Institute of Constitutional and
Parliamentary Studies.
14. Analysis of Secondary Data
to Determine Wastage of
Children.
Dr Surjit Kaur
Council for Social Development,
New Delhi.
15. Research in the Methodo-
logy of Health Delivery
System.
16. l'mplications of Rapid
Population Growth.
17. Population Education for
University Youth.
18. Family Planning Communica- Centre for Development of
tion for Rural Young Couples. Instructional Technology.
Reports already received and under
revision.
This is a follow-up of Serial No. 9
above.
This is related to the study mentioned
in Serial 1 above.
Report has been ftnalised and will be
pUblished shortly.
Report being examined before
publication.
Project work almost complete and
report under preparation.
Part I of the report expected to be
ready shortly.
Report has been received and is likely
to be published shortly.
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CAREER DEVELOPMENT FOR RESE.t'\\RCH IN THE FIELD
OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND CONTRACEPTION
TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
The Family Planning Foundation is a non-governmental organi-
sation which promotes action programmes of a creative and innovative
kind in population and family planning. As a part of its activities the .
Foundation has initiated a scheme which offers research awards in
order to:-
(i) develop young Indian· scientists wi,th outstanding potential
for independent research in relation to reproduction, with
special reference to contraception;
(ii) help in furthering research in the biomedical field in India,
with particular reference to research in improving contra··
ception techniques; and
(iii) strengthening the infrastructure of some institutions
involved in biomedical research.
Eligibility
Candidates should have initiative and high competence in research
and experience in biomedical work, particularly human reproductive
physiology and contraception techniques. The criteria for selection
will be the candidate's professional attainments and his/her ability
to make a significant contribution to the country's family plannin~
research programme, besides willingness to conduct research in India.
Final selection of candidates will be made by a special committee
appointed by the Family Planning Foundation.
(i) be of Indian nationality;
(ii) be nominated by or acceptable to a national public or
private institution (located in India) engaged in research
in the field of human reproductive physiology and contra-
ception techniques; and
(iii) have at least five years of relevant experience in research
after completion of a degree such as Ph.D, MD, etc.
Since this programme is specially for the purpose of developing
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the research potential of outstanding young scientists, individuals
applying under this scheme should normally be between 30 and 45
years of age. This may be relaxable in exceptional cases.
Selection of Candidates
A special committee will be appointed by the Foundation to
identify suitable candidates for the award and match their capabilities,
and aptitude with specific research and the institution where the
research will be conducted. Candidates called for interview will. be
reimbursed travel and incidental expenses.
Conditions for Award
The appointment of each scientist will be on three years' contract.
The co.ntraet may be extended by one year, i.e. up to a maximum of
four years, with no commitment of continued service with the
Foundation or the institution/organisation to which the scientist may
be seconded. Although the appointment is on a contract basis it is
subject to the work of each scientist being found satisfactory on
annual review.
Each scientist will be assigned to a leading research institution
or universities in India where the infrastructure already exists or
can be improved with some additional inputs for research in human
reproductive physiology and contraception techniques.
The area of research and place of research will be decided by
the Foundation in consultation with the recipient research institutions.
Candidates may however indicate their special interest, and also their
specialisation in terms of level and variety.
Although the award will be for the individual scientist, funds
will be placed at the disposal of the institution concerned on behalf
.of the selected candidates. Each awardee will be directly responsible
to the research institution to which he is attached for research and
he must conform to its rules and regulations for all purposes, includ-
ing the disciplinary aspects.
Awardees are expected to devote their entire professional efforts
to the achievement of the objectives of the scheme. Their principal
involvement must be with the actual conduct of research. The
awardee must not engage in clinical practice, professional consulta-
tion or allied activities except SO far as these activities are connected
with their research. Any fees resulting from clinical practice, etc.
may not be retained by the awardees. Such fees will be assigned to
the grahtee inStitution for disposition as it may deem fit.
~ Awardees may however engage in scientific and technical writing,
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deliver occasional outside lectures and serve in any advisory capacity
to public or private non-profit organisations, provided the time
involved on such activities is not much and these are within the
institutional policies. Fees from writing of scientific and technical
papers, etc., may be retained by awardees If permitted by the grantee
institutions.
Terms of Award
The emoluments for the awardee will be based on training,
experience and accomplishments. Depending upon the merit of each
case, salary will generally be the same as payable to other staff
members of the institution with similar training, experience and
responsibility. For senior positions, galary will be fixed at a suitable
stage in the pay scale of Rs. 1600-100-2500.In exceptional cases eve~
higher emoluments may be considered. They will also be given house
rent subsidy, dearness allowance, medical reimbursements, leave
(earned, sick and casual), etc., as per rules of the institution to which
they are attached. Scientists on deputation will be governed by the
normal rules allowing for deputation allowance.
Since the award is for a specified period, during its tenure no
leave other than annual earned leave, sick leave and casual leave will
be admissible. Annual leave may not be granted for more than 30 days
a year.
During the tenure of their assignment under the scheme the
scientists will be given an opportunity to travel within the country
in connection with research work. Travel expenses will be reimbursed
through the research institution concerned, but these should conform
to the travel rules applicable to other comparable staff working in
the institutions. Estimated expenditure should be indicated in the
budget column of the application.
Travel Expenses on Joining
On joining the research institution each scientist will be entitled
to reimbursement of travel expenses for himself and dependent
members of his family (spouse and minor children) to the extent of
first class rail fare from the place of residence in India to the place
of appointment. He will also be reimbursed actual expenses incurred
on transporting personal baggage. Total reimbursement or. travel and
transport of baggage will be subject to a maximum of Rs 3,ODO.
Payments to the Research Institution
Certain amounts will be set aside for reimbursement to the
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research institution concerned for purchase of essential equipment
and other material required for research. In addition, adequate funds
will be made available for minimum technical as well as secretarial
assistance purely in connection with research work. Detailed itemwise
estimates for such expenditure, and also on travel in India in connec-
tion with research work, would need to be reflected in the overall
budget in applying for an award.
Maintenance of Accounts
The institute concerned will be required to maintain a separate
account for each awardee and send at the end of each financial year
a statement of accounts, duly audited by the authorised auditors,
accounting for the funds received from the Foundation. Full details
are given in the grants scheme.
Trials on Human Beings
It will be the responsibility of the institution which receives the
funds or is accountable to the FPF for funds to ensure that no trials.
are condl1etedon human beings unless these confcrm to the Helsinki
Declaration of 1964 and until the Foundation has been assured of
compliance with the formalities in force from time to time. The
concurrence of the Foundation for such experiments should be
obtained in writing in advance.
Patents/Royalty
The question of royalty on patentable products ansmg out of
research supported wholly or partly by the Foundation is under
examinat,ion and its decision will be communicated separately.
Periodical Review and Monitoring
The awardee must send a periodical report through the institution
concerned and it will be reviewed and monitored by a Technical
Review Committee appointed by the Foundation. The committee may
make certain suggestions for implementation. The committee will
also review the work progress and give its recommendations with
regard to the annual extension of the awardee.