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PFI Annual Report 1974 |
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
ANNUAL REPORT
For the Year ended 31st December 1974
Akashdeep Building (5th Floor)'
Barakhamba Road
New Delhi 110001
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
ANNUAL REPORT
For the Year ended 31st December 1974
Registered Office
Akashdeep Building (5th Floor)
Barakhamba Road
New Delhi 110001
Administrative Office
88, Golf Links
New Delhi-11OOO3
New Delhi
July 11, 1975
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Advisory Panel
Staff
Auditors Report
Balance Sheet
Income & Expenditure Account
Donations-Summary and Regionwise
Consolidated Position of Grants :Made
Budget and Expenditure
The Population Situation
Foundation's Continuing Role
Projects and Programmes-the General Picture
Problems
New Efforts
Achievements
Review of the Foundation's Work by the Advisory Council
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MEMBERS OF THE
FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
1. Mr. J. R. D. Tata
2· Dr. Bharat Ram
3. Mr. M. V. Arunachalam
4. Co!. Dipak Bhatia
5. Mrs. Tara Ali Baig
6. Mr. A. Chandra Sekhar
7. Mr. G. K. Devarajulu
8· Dr. M. S. Gore
9. Mr. S. P. Godrej
10. Mr. Jaykrishna Harivallabhdas
11. Mrs. Y. Kirloskar
12. Prof. M· Mujeeb
13. ?rof. Ravi Matthai
14. Mr. Bhaskar Mitter
15. Mr. H. P. Nanda
16. Dr. K. A. Pisharoti
17. Mr. A. A. Rahimtula
18. Mr. K. N. Raj
19. Mr. Raunaq Singh
20· Dr. L. M. Singhvi
21. Dr. D. P. Singh
22. Mr. T. T. Vasu
23. Mr. B. G. Verghese
24. Dr· K. L. Wig
25. Mrs. Avabai B. Wadia
26. Prof. J. C. Kavoori
Chairman
Vice Chairman
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Mr. J. R. D. Tata
Chairman
Dr. Bharat Ram
Vice-Chairman
Mr. M. V. Arunachalam
Mrs. Tara AU Baig
Co!. Dipak Bhatia
Mr. S. P. Godrej
Mr. Jaykrishna Harivallabhdas
Mr. Bhaskar Mitter
Mr. H. P. Nanda
Mr. A. Chandra Sekhar I·A.S.
Dr. L. M. Singhvi
Mr. T. T. Vasu
Mr. B. G. Verghese
Dr. K. L. Wig
Prof. J. C. Kavoori
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Dr. Malcolm S. Adiseshiah
Dr. Abad Ahmed
Mr. Charles M Correa
Dr. (Mrs.) K. Dandekar
Dr. (Mrs.) P. K. Devi
Dr S. C. Dube
Mrs. Serla Grewal LA.S.
Dr. C. Gopalan
Miss Mehra Masani
Dr. Asok Mitra
D~. N. R. Moudgal
Shri J. P. Naik
Dr. Samuel Paul
Prof. M. R. N. Prasad
Dr. B. N. Purandare
Dr. V. Ramalingaswamy
Mr. Chanchal Sarkar
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A. F· Ferguson & Co.,
Post Box No. 24,
New Delhi-llOOOl.
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CHAIRMAN'S ANNUAL REPORT
For The Year Ended December 31, 1974
On behalf of the members of the Governing Board, I have pleasure
in presenting the annual report of the Foundation and the audited
accounts for the year ended December 31, 1974.
Significant Developments
The most significant development in the field of family planning
during the year under review was the Wodd Population Conference
organised by the United Nations in Bucharest in August, 1974. The
Bucharest Conference was essentially a political gathering of mem-
ber nations within the United Nations. While it was most useful in
focusing attention on the population problem globally for the first
time through governmental participation, it prompted the surfacing
of diverse approaches to the pOpulation problem. It also tended to
politicise it and thereby diffuse its follow up potential.
At the national level an important event was the National Popula-
tion Conference in New Delhi, in December, 1974 which provided the
occasion for the Prime Minister to extend publicly for the first tinle
her powerful support to the family planning programme. Her letter
to every Sarpanch in the country was a most welcome development
indicative of the recognition of the problem at the highest level. The
political and ideological overtones of the Bucharest Conference were
fortunately conspicuouS by their absence in the deliberations of the
National Population Conference. The Conference deliberated popu-
lation and family planning problems· in a realistic frame of mind.
While there was a general recognition of the need for the develop-
mental approach with regard to population, family planning as a
critical and core effort was fully accepted.
The Foundation has carefully followed these and other develop-
ments in international and national fields and is relating them in its
own work positively and meaningfully so that the quality and direc-
tion of its work become more realistic and relevant.
Grants in Support of Projects
In supporting programmes the Foundation has had to function
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within serious constraints of resources. In common with all other
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philanthropic organisations, the Foundation is faced with the hard
fact that the demand for its financial support greatly exceeds the
resources it has been able to build up upto now as a result of which
it regretably had to decline support to some very worthwhile pro-
jects. Nonetheless, we have managed to work through these constraints
with ·some success, hoping to do better in ensuing years. By the end
of 1973, the Foundation had supported twenty-four projects for which
it committed B.s. 25.50 lakhs. During the year 1974, nineteen more
projects were sanctioned committing further Rs. 16.10 lakhs, thus
making a progressive total of Rs. 41.60 lakhs sanctioned over the
last two and half years, details of which are annexed to the report.
This, we believe, is the largest sum for any single voluntary Indian
organisation to sanction in support of population and family planning
programmes In the country. However, we feel that in view of the
magnitude and critical nature of the problem and taking into consi.-
deration the momentum already gained by the Foundation, it should
have a budget of at least Rs 50 lakhs a year.
Financial Assistance From Other Countries and '
International Organisations
Our main source of income upto now has come from the donations
received from the industrial and business community in India and
from the Ford Foundation. Our first round of fund raising drive in
India brought Rs. 41.36 lakhs and we received in addition two gene-
rous grants of $ 100,000 each or about Rs 16 lakhs in all from the
Ford Foundation. We shall500n start our next round of fund-raising,
this time with a wider base.
Inspite of our best efforts, it may not be possible to raise adequate
funds from the business community and private sources in India.
We have, therefore, been endeavouring to find other sources of assi'3-
tance. I am glad to report that there is an encouraging prospect of
financial resources from international agencies. My colleagues and
I wish to place on record our appreciation of the sympathetic attitude
and support we have received from the Government of India in our
work and also in seeking funds from abroad, which we believe may
materialise in the coming months. Meanwhile we have also embarked
upon joint funding programmes in collaboration with international
organisations especially within the UN System. One such project was
undertaken in 1974 in collaboration with UNICEF and informal nego-
tiations are underway for atleast two more projects in collaboration
with other organisations. The important feature of this arrangement
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is that while the Foundation's contribution would be one third or
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even cne fourth of the expenditure on each project, the entire respon-
sibility for the programmes, its operational design, selection of appro-
priate agency, monitoring and evaluation would devolve on the
Foundation. I am confident that the Foundation has gained sufficient
experience to shoulder these responsibilities satisfactorily.
Acknowledgements
During the course of the year, there were some changes in the mem-
bership of the Governing Board. We lost the valuable services of
Lady Dhanvanthi Rama Rau and Co!. B.H. Zaidi who resigned for
health grounds and of Mr. A. N. Haksar who expressed his inability
tc continue on the Beard. Our sincere gratitude goes to them all for
their enduring interest in the work of the Foundation. These vacan-
cies on the Board were filled by Mrs. Tara Ali Baig, Mr. B. G.Verghese
and Mr. A. Chandra Sekhar, IAS. These distinguished new
members have a record of devoted and dedicated service in their
respective fields and need no introduction.
In accordance with our rules and regulations one third of the mem-
bers of the Advisory Council retired this year. To all those who have
,retired, the Foundation conveys its appreciation and gratitude for
their sustained interest, valuable guidance and advice during their
association with the Foundation. The Foundation welcomes the new
members and looks forward with enthusiasm to_ their support in
developing meaningful programmes.
The Foundation owes a debt of gratitude to the Advisory Panel,
Task Groups and individual social workers, professionals and scien-
tists who have been responding to the Foundation's requests for deve-
loping programmes at no small inconvenience to themselves.
The Foundation has continued to maintain close liaison with the
Government of India in playing a supportive though not necessarily
a conformist role in the national programme. Government has always
been sympathetic and helpful and also responsive to our needs.
Personal interest evinced by the Minister for Health and Family
Planning and acceptance of invitations by Mr. A. Chandra Sekhar and
Mrs. 8erla Grewal to join the Governing Board and the Advisory
Council respectively, are indications of the confidence that they place
in the Foundation. Officers at every level have been most helpful and
understanding. This has given great encouragement to us.
Although the Foundation's role has gone beyond mere funding to
that of promotional activities, monitoring and evaluation of projects,
its small staff willingly accepted the additional work without any
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corresponding increase in complement. The Board has noted with
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satisfaction the devotion and untiring efforts of all the members of
the staff towards the success of the Fourtdation's activities.
J\\·ow I present the annexed accounts for the year ended on 31st
December, 1974.
Donations-It will be seen from the annual accounts for the year
ended December 31, 1974 that the total amount of donations received
was Rs. 41.36 lakhs exclusive of the two grants from the
Ford Foundation. Regionwise percentage of collections are; Bombay
58.3; Calcutta 16.4; Ahmedabad 13.6; Delhi 6.0 and Madras 5.7. As
mentioned earlier, we hope to raise larger amounts during our next
cycle of raising funds in India.
Expenditure-A sum of Rs. 2.95 lakhs was sanctioned for expendi-
ture cn establishment for the year under review. Despite the fact
that the Foundation is now in the intensive stage of monitoring pro-
jects and has expanded its promotional activities, it would be seen
from the accounts that the expenditure on establishment has been
kept within the approved budget as a result of exercising strict
economy.
. Budget for 1975-Pending the emergence of a clearer picture of
the funds likely to be available in future and also taking note of the
pace already set up by the Foundation, it was decided to sanction a
budget of Rs 20 lakhs for approving grants in support of programmes/
projects and Rs. 3.41 lakhs for expenditure on establishment. The
latter includes operating expenses such as payment of honoraria, .
consultants fee and travel exPenses to the Advisory Panel, members
of the Task Groups and individual consultants.
The importance of a voluntary organisation like our Foundation
cannot be measured by its budget. It would be seen from the annexed
details describing the activities of the Foundation that it has every
reason to be proud of its record within the short period of its exis-
tence but there should be no possible excuse for it to put less weight
behind its oars. We have, however, t~ rely on the support, particularly
of the business community, for financial assistance to enable the
Foundation to expand its activities more effectively.
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A. F. FERGUSON & CO.
Chartered Accountants
Scindia House, Kasturba Gandhi Marg,
Post Box No. 24, New Delhi.
New Delhi
We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of the Family Plan-
Ding Foundation as at 31st December, 1974 and the Income and Ex-
penditure Account for the year ended on that date with the books
and records submitted to us and have found it in accordance there-
with.
We have obtained all the information and explanations we have
.L"equiredand, in our opinion, the Balance Sheet and the Income and
Expenditure Account set forth a true and fair view of the state of
affairs of the Foundation as at 31st December, 1974 and of the excess
of Income over expenditure for the year then ended respectively,
according to the best of our information and explanations given to
I1S and as per the books and reco.rds submitted to us.
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31st December,
1973
4,350 SUNDRY CREDITORS
Rs.
3,500
38,01,869
9,47,628
47,49,497
(-)69,250
(-)4,18,259
42,61,988
As at 31st December, 1973 47,49,497
Add: Received during the year 9,12,195
Less: Disbursed upto
31st December, 1973 4,87,509
Disbursed during
the year (Schedule
attached)
8,17,741
56,61,692
1,22,923
1,20,117
Excess of Income over Expenditure:
As on 1st January, 1974
2,43,040
As per annexed accounts
1,36,237
Grants
The entire actual disbursements have been shown as
grants and deducted from the total g;rantsidonations
received, although audited accounts from grantees for
Rs. 8,45,711 (31st December, 1973 Rs. 3,82,479) have yet
to be received as shown in the attached schedule.
NEW DELHI
As per our report attached·
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1,48,854
684
5,53,535
13,011
ASSETS
FIXED ASSETS
(As per schedule annexed)
FIXED DEPOSITS
Delhi Cloth and General
Mills Co. Ltd.
I.T.C. Ltd.
28,78,800
13,00,000
INTEREST ACCRUED
PREPAID EXPENSES
UNICEF GRANT RECEIVABLE
ADVANCES
Executive Director
Staff
9,400
1,900
SECURITY DEPOSIT F'OR PETROL
CASH AND BANK BALANCES
Cash on hand
With Central Bank of India:
On Savings Bank Account
1,67,888
On Current Accoj.lnt
5,082
With First National City Bank:
On Savings Bank Account
1,32,849
41,78,800
2,01,587
315
3,643
11,300
500
.f.RD. TATA (Chairman)
BHARAT RAM (Vice Chai.rman)
TARA ALl BAIG
S. P. GODREJ
BHASKAR MITTER
K. L. WIG
J.C. KAVOORI (Executive Director)
C. MEHTA (Secretary & Treasurer)
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94,645
7,885
4,299
2,700
4,797
('{'j" (' .-, "
f', (,
",
'EXPENDITURE
Staff Salaries ,r\\
'
,"y'
Contribution t~ Prov'ident and Pension Fund
M\\:!didl' Expenses'
:: ,
HO:loraria ;," "
,
Consultation Fees
Ren~()mce
Staff Resident'al accom-,
modation (includingsub~
sidy to staff Hs. 6,972)
16,800
31,285
1,01,28;')
8,799
5,374
2,85,)
4,384
Travel 'Expenses':
6,740
17,730
T,(EJtx'heecu'rtsi'Ve' Ditectc,r
24,066
18,564
JO,476 CO:lveyance 'Expenses
Mainten~mce cf Executive Director's Car
,,.,(iIl.c1udiI}Zd,!'iver's salary Rs. 3,900 Less:
"Mc.nthly recovery of Rs. 150/- for personal use)
!rtsurance idfca;r ,
P,cpairs c.:ndMaintenance--Office
2,852
"r
,',
Residences 1,449
., ?;547
i; 931
~lectricityand water
q,6~2 ,'I' 'Postage,' Telegrams anefTelephones
Library(Bl:fuks a.nd-'P.etiodicals)
-:3,991> Printing and Stationery
5,101 Meetings and Entertainments
1,469 General Expenses
800 Audit Fees
2,~97. ,beg~l5;~arges
4,S59' ,Depreciation
Excess of Income over Expenditure
1,20,117
i
year car;.ied to Balance Sheet
42,630
9,536
12,311
533
4,301
1.338
13,208
5,111
11,896
8,847
199
1,000
3,49,218
~. , .•••• I 'j
\\. i! "".""
r ,~.
1. the Executlve DirectO,'r'c;remuneration Rs. 56,626 (previous year
R:I~59,408). In addiUon he is provided with car and driver by the
. r,Foun~iotl for his personal use for which a recovery of Rs. 150
, Y'p m.'i~"being made.
2. All grants received/disbursed during the year are reflected l1irectly
in the Balance Sheet-See note on Balance Sheet.
3. Previous year's figures have been regrouped to make them com-
parable.
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Previous
Yea.r
Es.
.3,49,218
Interest
NEW DELHI
As per our report attached.
CHARTERED ACCOUKTANTS
Sd. Members Governing Board
J.RD. TATA (Chairman)
BHASKAR MITTER
BHARAT RAM (Vice Chairman)
K. L. WIG
TARA ALl BAIG
J.C. KAVOORY(Executive Director)
S. P. GODREJ
C. MEHTA (Secretary & Treasurer)
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Schedule of fixed AEsets annexed to and following part of the Balance Sheet as on 31.12.1974
Particulars
Motor Car
Furniture,
Fixture and
Equipment
Cost
As at
1.1.74
Addi- Sales/ Total
tions du- Ad,t. as on
ring the during 31.12.1974
year the year
2333 ?
21,855
15,424 2,500
23,337
34,779
Depreciation
Upto
11.74
For the
year
11,388
3,692
2,390
3.842
Written Down Value
Total
upto
:n.12.1974
As at
31.12.74
As at
31.12.19"'3
13,778
7,534
9,559
27,245
11,949
18,163
45,192 15,424 2,500 58,116
15,080
6.232
21,312
36.804
30,112
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Region
Bombay
Calcutta
Ahmedabad
Delhi
Madras
Ford
Foundation
Grand Total
FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
Donations-Summary
1971
Rs.
19,80,000
3,65,100
1,30,000
1,00,000
50,000
26,25,100
26,25,100
1972
Rs.
3,43,000
72,000
2,47,500
1,30,000
5,000
7,97,500
3,79,270
11,76,770
1973
Rs.
70,000
1,95,000
1,31,000
22,872
1,44,500
5,63,372
3,84,256
9,47,628
1974
Rs.
25,000
42,500
47,500
35,000
1,50,000
7,62,195
9,12,195
Total
Rs.
24,18,000
6,74,600
5,56,000
2,52,872
2,34,500
41,35,972
15,25,721
56,61,693
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Year
1971
1972
1973
1974
Bombay Dyeing & Mfg. Co. Ltd.,
Neville House, Graham Road,
Ballard Estate, Bombay.
Amount Received
Rs.
19,80,000
3,43,000
70,000
25,000
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1971
1972
1973
1974
Dunlop India Ltd.
57-B Mirza Ghalib St.
Calcutta-16.
General Electric Co. of India Ltd.,
6, Chittaranjan Avenue,
Calcutta-12.
Gourepore Co. Ltd.,
2 Fairlie Place,
Calcutta
Guest Keen Williams Ltd.,
97, Andue Road, Howrah-3
mdian Tube Co. Ltd.,
43, Chowringhee Road,
Calcutta-16.
Metal Box Co. of India Ltd.,
59, C, Chowringhee Road,
Calcutta.
Nuddea Mills 00. Ltd.,
2 Fairlie Place, Calcutta-1
Tezpore Tea Co. Ltd., 4: Bank Shall st.
Calcutta-1
Triveni Tissues Ltd.,
3 Middleton St., Calcutta-16
Amount Received
Rs.
3,65,100
72,000
1,95,01'0
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1971
1972
1973
1974
Shri Apurva Shantilal Shah,
M. D., Gujarat Steel Tubes Ltd.,
Bank of India Building
Bhadra, Ahmedabad.
Cellulose Products of India Ltd.,
P.O. Kothwada Maize Products
Dist. Ahmedabad.
Sarciesai Bros. Ltd.,
P.O. Sardesai Factory,
Bilimora, Balsar Dist. (Gujarat)
Vivekanand Mills Ltd.,
Rakhial Road, Ahmedabad.
Monogram Mills Co. Ltd.,
Rakhial Road, Ahmedabad.
Amount Received
Rs.
1,30,000
2,47,500
1,31,000
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. 1971
1972
1973
1974
Amount Received
Rs.
I,O(),OOO
1.30,000
22,872
Nil
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1971
1972
1973'
1974
Carborandum Universal Ltd. Madras
Ashok Leyland Ltd., Madras
25,000 •
10,000
Rs.
50,000 "
5,000'
1,44,500
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Statement showinJt the consolidated position of Grants on 31. 12.1974'
sanctioned Releases upto Releases Total Releases Accounted To be Accoun-
Amount 31.12.1973
during 74
upto
for
ted for
31.12.1974
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
For grants sanctioned
upto 1973
For grants sanctioned
during 1974.
25,-t9,520
16,10,000
41,59,529
4,87,509
4,87,509
6,43,658
1,74,083
8,17,741
11,31,167
1,74,083
13,05,250
4,40,956
18,583
4,59,539
6,90,211
1,55,500
8,45,711
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FAMILY PLANNING FOUNDATION
BUDGET/EXPENDITuRE
1973
in lakhs (Rs.)
Exp- Bud-
endi- get
(i)
(ii)
Expenditure
Heads
(iii)
1974
Exp- Budget
endi- in lakhs
ture
(Rs)
in Rs.
(iv)
(v)
I Pay and Allowances
Staff salaries
1,01,285
Conveyance Allowance to staff
9,536
Motor car for Executive Director:
Maintenance including cost of driver 12,849
House Rent: Subsidy to staff
6,972
:Exe.Dir. /Secretary
24,313
House Maintenance: Residential
accommodation.
1,449
Medical Reimbursements
5,374
Contributory P:F. & F.P.F.
8,799
Staff Welfare
987
1975
Budget
in lakhs
(R~)
(vi)
2.51 1.54
II Office Establishment
Rent
Maintenance
Electricity/Water charges
1,71,564 1.76
1.95
16,800
2,852
1,338
0.15 0.18
20,990 0.21
0.25
Equipment/Furn~ture
12,924
Printing & Stationery
11,896
Periodicals/Publications
289
Postage, Telegrams & Telephones
13,208
General Expenses
199
0.32
0.13
0.11
0.08
0.30
- III Library
IV Travel & Incidentals
0.28
Foundation's Staff
0.10
Adv. Council/Panel, consultants
0.07 V Honoraria/Consultandes
VI MeetingsfEntertainment
Meetings
Entertainments
38,516
4,822
* 30,681
11,949
7,234
55
7,805
0.40
0.05
0.18
0.15
0.10
0.40
0.05
0.25
0.20
0·20
0.05
0.01
0.06
0.01 VII Audit Fees
7,860
1,000
0.09
0.01
0.10
0.01
2.36 2.54
2,94,616 2.95
3.41
18
*Includes Rs. 17,384 spent on Executive Director's trip to
Bucharest and other countries.
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This report to the Annual General Body Meeting of the Foundation
will be a cumulative one, although it will naturally focus more fm
the activities of the Foundation for the year 1974.
The Population. Situation
Before the activities of the Foundation are discussed, it would be
worthwhile to take a look at some of the more important happenings
both nationally and internationally, in the field of population and
family planning, especially those that have a policy and progrannne
relevance. The !period under review has been in many ways signi-
ficant. Therefore, the need to review it here briefly. Only those ideas
and events will be discussed, which are likely to have implications
for the Foundation's role as a funding and promoting organisation.
An attempt is made here to identify the more important of these
and give a brief indication of a possible role for the Foundation.
(1) World Population Year
The most significant event was the observance of the World Popu-
lation Year by the United Nations and the organisation of the World
Population Conference (WPC) and the World Population Tribune
(WPT), both at Bucharest in August 1974. The first was a political
conference of the national governments, in the UN system and the
latter a gathering of nongovernmental organisations from various
countries from all parts of the world.
The Bucharest Conference, being the first conference of its kind
was in itself a significant event. For the first time a broad political
consensus on papulation was arrived at. The outcome of the Con-
ference resulted in the (i) politicization of the population issues; (ii)
emphasis on the primacy and importance oil development in matters
of family planning (many felt at the cost of family planning); (iii)
pin-pointing of the need for developing national population pro-
grammes and policies; (iv) identiflcation of the responsibility for
family size with the couples themselves; and (v) declaration of the
preservation of the integrity of family and quality of life in all popu-
lation and development efforts. The Conference, for the first time
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brought to the fore the various approaches (sometimes not in con-
formity with each other) to the population problem and its solution.
In the coming decade it would be legitimate to surmise that as a
result of the Bucharest Conference, countries in varying degrees will
seek national solutions within their own political and ideological
framework. This process is likely to politicize the population issues
more sharply, both nationally and internationally, than before. The
efforts at solving the population problem are likely to have political
repercussions in varying degrees. This would consequently call for
a new style of international assistance.
There has been an increasing realization by experts and those
interested in population and family planning that with the best 0]
efforts, the population of the world will continue to grow for some
years. The problem of population, therefore, will not be concerned
only with preventing as many births as possible and as quickly, but
also to find out ways of tackling problems of rising human numbers
in the context of developmental effo.rts both nationally and interna-
tionally. This enlarges the scope of the problem and pin-points the
need for more dynamic developmental strategies that recognize the
critical importance of population in more complex forms we have
been used to.
The Foundation will need to take note of these and other develop-
ments and play a selective role, in as constructive and creative a
manner as possible. This will necessitate a revamping in our national
thinking at all levels. It particularly implies the need for educating
the elite in all the sectors of our national life. The Foundation for
this purpose, would need to promote in imaginative ways, basic
debate on population issues. More than this, develop and promote
programmes which have both innovative and replicative value.
(2) National Population Conference
During the World Population Year, a number of conferences and
seminars, as part of the year observance, were organised in the ccun-
try. The most important of these was the National Population Con-
ference (NPC) organised by the Government of India in December,
1974. The noteworthy aspects or outcome of the conference can be
stated as follows:
(a) The Prime Minister's Speech. The Prime Minister, 1\\iLrsI.ndira
Gandhi, in her inaugural speech (read in absentia) advocated the
need for family planning on the basis of our own perception and
understanding of the problem and for our own reasons, rather than
for any other reason, dictated or prompted from outside. She called
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for galvanising the existing infrastructure and dynamically gear ~t
to the work of family planning within the framework of the nation's
developmental policy. The speech at the NPC and her letter to all the
Sarpanches in the country have been welcomed in population circles,
as one of the happier developments during the World Population Year,
indicative of interest at the highest decision-making level.
(b) Recommendations made by the National Population Council:
The NPC inter alia came out with some observations and recommen-
dations which are likely to prove both useful and significant in the
formulation of policies and programmes. Some of these are mentioned
below:
(i) The group on biomedical work came out with recommendations
indicating confidence and buoyancy in their research work. A
few of the biomedical researches are on the threshold of a
breakthrough. If the existing research capabilities of bio-
medical scientists in India and the Indian biomedical scientists
working abroad are dynamically organised, the breakthrough
is likely to come sooner than it was expected a few years ago.
(ii) While there was increasing realization and acceptance of the
idea of development, as being critical and consequential to
population, the most vital discussions were on how to tackle
the problems of family planning at the operational level. The
emphasis was more on improving the family planning prog-
rammes within the limited resources available to the prog-
ramme and in making the existing system more responsive to
the critical needs of the programme.
(iii) Demographers in the conference were, however, skeptical of
the targets set by the Government and advocated a more
modest level of targets that could be achieved.
(iv) The NPC reiterated the need to involve the voluntary organisa-
tions in family planning, more especially in educational and
motivational work.
0' The Government of India in its future planning of the family plan-
ning, would inter al;a relate its thinking to the recommendations
the NPC. The Foundation would also do well not only to study the
implications of the recommendations of the conference for its own
role, but also keep in close touch with Government in this regard.
(3) NationaJ. Regional and State Conferences
During the World Population Year, a number of national, regional
and state conferences were organiseci. Most notable among these
were: (i) the Conference of Voluntary Organisations supporting
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Family Planning, at Bombay; (ii) WPY Conference of All India Pan-
chayat Parishad, at Lucknow; (ill) National Seminar on Labour and
population Policy, at Delhi etc. and several ether important state level
conferences.
As a result of these conferences, the awareness on the part of many
organis:ations in population and family planning problems has in-
creased. The interest in population and family planning has expanded
at the governmental level. Apart from the Ministry of Health and
Family Planning, several other ministries have shown interest. This
augurs we},1for the country and provides to the Foundation an
opportunity and challenge for an effective role, in educating and
motivating some of the voluntary organisations, into more meaning-
ful involvement in family planning programmes and interact with
more than one Ministry for a more effective population policy.
(4) Other Important Realities of the Population Situation
The other more important realities of the population situation in
the last one year and more have been that; (i) the performance of
family planning nationally has been sluggish-stalemate may be a
better word, (ii) the allocations to family planning have been reduced
as part of overall economy; (iii) the available resources of men and
material have not been fully and effectively utilised; the infrastruc-
ture continues to be comparatively unresponsive to the challenge of
the programme; (iv) the involvement of voluntary organisations is
still peripheral; and (v) most importantly, there has been no organised
political will behind the creation of a population policy or develop-
ment of family planning programme.
(5) Positive and Promising Features
On the more positive and promising side are; (i) a few of the states,
cities, individual industries and voluntary organisations have done
remarkably well, indicating there is both the will and the capability
for doing effective work in family planning, (ii) there is increasing
evidence that a realistic population programme is now emerging.
The integrated approach to family planning programme that endea-
vours to relate family planning programme with the minimum needs
programme and the efforts to involve several new ministries in popu-
lation and family planning, are some of the visible efforts in this
direction, (ill) the promising advances made by biomedical scientists;
(iv) Prime Minister's open articulation about the population problems,
is likely to begin a more serious political concern in population mat-
ters, as part of our political processes; and (v) the Ministry of Health
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and Family Planning at the higher administrative levels seems to be
more purposefully organised internally and more responsive than
before. These are all happy developments.
.
Population situation in India is in a state of critical and problem-
. atic flux. It is disturbing but not hopeless~The situation provides to
the Foundation an opportunity to cooperate with the Government,
in many creative and innovative ways, like commissioning policy
studies, evaluation and demonstration projects etc. in critical fields.
This will need to be taken up in close consultation with them in the
most selective way, ensuring their cooperation and independence of
the Foundation's role.
Foundation's Continuing Role
The Foundation in nearly 2! years of its actual funding, has suppor-
ted 43 projects involving Rs. 41,50,500. These projects/programmes
are in various stages of maturation and progress, barring. those pro-
jects which have already been completed, planning or preparatory
grants (which graduate eventually into regular projects) and those
that have recently been funded. (Details are given later in the report.)
Before the details of the projects/programmes in terms of their
current status and other related matters are given, it may be stated
that the Foundation selects projects for assistance, on the basis of
criteria and priorities laid down by the Advisory Council. (Please
see revised criteria elsewhere in this report). In using the criteria
and priorities, considerable flexibility is excercised. Apart from the
criteria and priorities, Advisory Council has suggested from time
to time, programmes/projects and project ideas' to the Foundation fg,11
its consideration and action. Progress on these is also given later in
this report.
The Foundation's role continues to go beyond mere funding, to
that of promotional. The two are often coextensive concepts in
operational terms. The Foundation, therefore, continues to have thll€e
approaches to identifying projects (i) commissioning projects; (ll)
developing projects jointly with another organisation(s); and (iii) res-
ponding to request for assistance. These approaches have given the
Foundation in operational terms both flexibility and relevance.
In selecting the projects and project ideas, the m.odus operandi
consists of the following:
(a) When an application is received (anyone can apply) in the
Foundation, after staff sarutiny if the project is within the criteria
and priorities, it is referred for technical assessment to two or three
23
experts in the concerned and related specialization. (There are about
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TabJc-I
Type of Projects
TYPE OF PROJECTS
Total
Total
Year
-Action Studies
Research
Train-
ing
Publi-
cations
ContI
Semi-
narsete.
Adhoc
Plann-
ing
Grants
Special
Activi-
ties
1972
1973
1974
Total
1
5
7
6
3
2
11
13
1
3
3
4
1*
2
3
1
1
(BMR)
2
1
9
5
2
Budget implications in rupees for above type of projects.
16,18,000
13,80,450
1,60,000
1,25,000 2,36,070
85,000
5,25,000
number amount
of
committed
Projects
Rs.
10
6,46,500
21
20,53,020
12
14,60,000
43
41,59,520
43
41,59J'20
Note:*
**
A number of programmes were sanctioned in connection with the observance of world population
year. In the table above, they have been shown as one project. Similarly, the publication of three
volumes of the Status Study of Population Research in India has again been taken as part of one
project.
This is a project on identifying' and bringing in eminent Biomedical scientists, in India and abroad,
within the mainstream of. family planning research. This would be jointly financed in collabora-
tion with an international organisation.
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Programme/
Research Area
Action Studies Train- Publi-
Res.
ing cation
1. Integrated Health Care
4
2. Bio-Medical Research
a. Reproductive Physiology
b. Contraceptive Technology 1
3. Population Education
3
4. Pregnancy Counselling
1
5. F. P. in Organised Sector
1
6. Contraceptive Practices
7. Demography
8. Population and Law
9. Evaluation and Status Review -
10. Communication
11. Involving of Voluntary
Organisation
12. Futuristic Oriented Studies
with Policy Implications
13. Management and Health
Delivery
14. Institutional Development
15. World Population Year
Total Total
No.of Amount
Conf. Adhoc Special Pro- Committed
Seminars PIg. Activi- jects
ties
4,43,570
99,000
4,47,000
5,000
2,67,450
62,500
1,37,000
1,03,000
1,45,000
45,000
1,25,000
*Note: 5 Planning Grants have been sanctioned for preparing programmes for women in organised
sector. Here they have been treated as part of one project.
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Bihar
Delhi
Gujarat
Jammu & Kashmir
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Mysore
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Not Applicable **
Note * 43 projects have been sanctioned in all but some of these
consist of a number of programmes, such as in the case of
World Population Year activities, thus, raising the total
number to 52.
** seminars, Conferences, Planning Grants etc, have been
considered as national in scope and hence area of opera-
tions is inapplicable.
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Institutions!
Organisations
Category
(1) Voluntary Organisations
(2) Professional Associations
(3) Research and Educational
Institutions (including
universities) -Government
(4) Research and Educational
Institutions-Private
(5) Collaborative Projects
(with international
organisations)
(6) Individuals
Nature of Projects
1. Support to Institutions
and Individuals.
2. Commissioned and
Sponsored by the
Foundation
3. Collaborative Projects
(International agencies)
No. of
Projects
Funded
Amount Percentage
Sanctioned
18,92,250
45.5
3,04,820
7.3
1,51,000
3.7
4,43,000
10.7
8,95,000
21.4
No.
Amount Percentage
Sanctioned
39
24,49,520
58.9
10
12,67,000
30.4
3
4,43,000
10.7
52
41,59,520
100.0
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70 on the Foundation's panel, related practically to every aspect of
population and family planning, the topmost in the country, whom
we pay honoraria for assessing the projects.) Then it is put before
the Advisory Panel (of five experts) which is advisory to the Execu-
tive Director, for its review and comment. Their comments, along
with the recommendations of the Executive Director, are placed
before the Governing Board (for project over Rs. 1 lakh) or the Exe-
cutive Committee-local members of the Governing Board (for pro-
ject under Rs. 1 lakh) for decision.
(b) Other mechanism used for developing 'Project ideas is to have
task groups or task forces consisting of specialists in the concerned
field. Their recommendations are fed into designing a project or for
preparing an approach paper for a project or develop strategy paper
for organisations as part of our service. At other times, consultants
are associated with the Foundation either as members of Task Group
or as individuals.
In monitoring and supervising the projects, apart from the staff of
the Foundation itself, institutional and individual expertise is utili-
zed, preferably those close to the projects with the required interest
and specialization.
All categories of experts and consultants are identified for their
relevance and excellence. Some of these are government employees.
A general review of the projects, along with the problems is briefly
reviewed· in the following pages.
Projects and Programmes-the General Picture
(see tables
page 24 to 27)
From the various tables, given in the preceding pages, a broad
picture of the Foundation through its programmes and projects emer-
ges. Some generalizations can be attempted as indicated below:
(i) Action Research Projects and Critical Studies occupy the most
important place in the programmes. The expenditure incurred on
11 Action Research Projects was Rs. 16,48,000 and Rs. 13,80,450 for
13 Critical Studies, constituting 39.6% and 33.2% of the expenditure
respectively. New and special kind of programmes are coming to
the fore. Mention can be made of the recruitment of biomedical scien-
tists, a joint funding programme costing Rs 4 lakhs to the Foundation
(See Table I).
(ii) The Foundation has supported 27 voluntary organisations with
a financial outlay of Rs. 18,29,750 (45.5% of the grants). Next in
importance are "individuals of outstanding merit grants," amounting
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to Rs. 8,95,000 (21.6% of the grants). Professional associations get
7.3% of the grants and nongovernmental research institutions 11.4%.
Government supported institutions get 3,7% of the assistance. Colla-
borative projects account for only 10.7%.
The Foundation, as can be seen from above, primarily supports
voluntary and nongovernmental organisations. This is in keeping
with its policy (See Table IV).
(iii) The Foundation is providing funds to agencies in ten states.
Some parts of the country have yet to be covered, like the states of
north eastern part of India, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. (See
Table III). The funding is getting to be national in scope and the
trend is likely to continue.
(iv) Of the 43 projects, 25 have a field base or operational orienta-
tion. Of these 20 are in rural areas or connected to rural situation
and five urban.
The Foundation as can be seen from above, has kept within the
recommended criteria and priorities or type of projects.
The Foundation has been facing a few problems. These are prOb-
lems growing of.an organisation which is seeking active relevance and
purposefulness under circllmstances which are often challenging.
(a) Delays in Starting the Projects
There has been some delay in starting a few of the projects. This
was mainly due to lack of experience in preparing the design on the
part of the agencies, non-availability of suitable staff or delay in deli-
neation of the project area. Generally speaking all the action research
projects started late mainly because of the kind of reasons given
above.
By providing institutional research consultancy, the problems have
been resolved considerably. The integrated projects need finances
and other inputs beyond what this Foundation has been able to give.
The other inputs have not come in time. This introduces special prob-
lems. It becomes difficult to make the demonstration meaningful and
useful.
A few organisations, inspite of having requisite competence, failed
to initiate the programme or complete the projects within the stipu-
lated period because of other comrrJtments of the institution. There
is a tendency on the part of some of these organisations to take on
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more than they can manage in a given period. Also staff recruited for
the project not being able to join on time, was one of the more
important reasons for delay.
.
(b) Consultants not available in time.
While the experts respond to our requests for assistance readily
and do a fine job, their existing commitments make it difficult for
them to coordinate with our needs. This interferes with our plan for
work, especially in monitoring and supervising. Expertise in demo-
graphy, community health, health education, behaviourial scien-
ces is more easily available than in management and systems
analysis. Another basic problem is that while expertise often is at
the high and varied individual specialization level, in inter-disdpli-
nary work connected with integrated health or development of pro-
jects, designing expertise seems to be limited. This necessitates re-
organisation of our consultancy more carefully and thought:l1ully.
(c) Core Technical Staff
While working with the help of experts has been a real source of
strength and needs to be continued, the present core staff of the Foun-
dation needs to be strengthened by expansion and diversification.
The earlier recommendations of three senior staff in demography,
biomedical sciences (reproduction) and management, by the Advisory
Council and accepted in principle by the Governing Board, needs to
be considered at an early date. This would help in giving a strong
technical base to the Foundation and thereby strengthen its work.
During the year under review, apart from the continuing tasks of
identifying and vetting of new projects, monitoring and supervising
intensively older projects, a substantial amount of time was spent in
four areas of work. Each of these is described in the following pages
briefly.
(1) World Population Year
While a detailed list of programmes and projects is given elsewhere
in this report, the Foundation succeeded in considerable measure in
the following:
The Foundation was among the first in the country to anticipate
the importance of the World Population Year. Informal interaction
with voluntary organisations like the All India Panchayat
Parishad, All India Women's Confernce, Christian Medical Associa-
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tion of India, Population Council of India, Y.M.C.A., Y.W.C.A., Ins-
titute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies etc., helped
these organisations to observe the year in a meaningful way, by helping
them financially or through consultancy. The Wnrld Population Year
waS!also used to raise the visibility of the Foundation nationally. A
number of publications were brought out; the details are given else-
where in the report.
(2) Help Voluntary Organisations and Professional Associations
Interaction with a number of voluntary organisations and research
institutions was undertaken during the year not only as an activity
of the World Population Year but as part of a deliberate policy to
galvanise these institutions into more meaningful role in population
on a continuing basis. The experience was used to find out, for our-
selves, what kind of role the Foundation could play. This is going to
be a continuing effort.
The experience with the AIPP may be briefly described here to
indicate the kind of promotional work the Foundation chose to do.
Anticipating that panchayats would have an important place in the
coming years in populaticn arid having learnt. that the Government
of India looked upon these as important agencies for motivating and
,galvanising the country at the local level, the Foundation teok the
initiative to play a promotional role in this regard. The Foundation
helped the AIPP to organise a National Sammelan by engaging three
experts to prepare for them a working paper for the Sammelan. Two
population experts attended the Sammelan at the instance of and with
the financial assistance by the Foundation to act as resource persons.
The recommendations of the AIPP National Sammelan and various
ideas and resolutions connected with the possible role for the AIPP,
are now being' studied. With the help of a task group we hope ttl
prepare a note for a posstible role for the AIPP in population ani
family planning, for consideration of the Government of India and
the AIPP.
-Apart from this, through a number of meetings earlier, we helped
the AIPP leadership in seeing the importance of Panchayat in family
planning. We gave AIPP two projects namely (i) on develop-
ing a Training and Motivational Methodology in Population
Education for non-scheol going rural youth. through a demonstration
project in a backward area of Maharashtra; and (ii) on training
Community Leaders with a view to sensitise them in Population and
Family Planning using Non Formal Methods of Education. These two
projects are being used to educate the panchayat leadership aho11t
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a pcssible role for them and also experiment with the panchayati raj
as a system and its potential for innovative work. Interaction with,
the AIPP which has grass roots in local and regional organisations,
presents, a great challenge because of three reasons:
i) The AIPP is uneven in its influence and importance in the
country at the local and region levels.
ii) In several states it has become highly politicised.
iii) Its financial base is weak.
With the AIPP, we are gaining some experience as to how to help
vcluntary organisations in the country. The idea is two fold: (1) to
galvanise internal resources of a voluntary organisation to seek in-
volvement in family planning on the basis of its own strength, inte-
rest and infrastructure; and (2) help it to become part of the national
population effort through this process. Some interaction of this kind
has· begun with regard to CMAI, YMCA, YWCA, ICCW and others.
Similarly, we have also interacted with a number of professional
associations like the Indian Association for the Study of Population
(!ASP), Association of Schools of Social work in India (ASSWI) etc.
This is being done by helIping them with their programmes. through
funding and or promoting. Details about these are given elsewhere
2n the report.
(3) Interaction with International Organisations
Informal interaction with a number of international organisations,
especially those within the UN system, gives us the impression that
they are willing to consider collaborative programmes with the
Foundation, with the approval and consent of the Government of
India. Some of the international organisations which are inclined to
look upon with favour about collaboration, are ILO, UNICEF, World
Bank, UNESCO, Ford Foundation, International Development Re-
search Corporation (IDRC), International Planned Parenthood Fede-
ration (IPPF), and Population Council of New York. In working out
project ideas with these crganisations, we have kept three critl:'ria in
mind:
i) that they are acceptable to the Government of India;
ii) international organisations themselves find it acceptahle in
terms of their own mandate; and
Hi) they fall within the Foundation's priorities.
Only three of the project ideas have reached a stage of progress
which require formal processing through the Government. (It may
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be added parenthetically that the Government is kept in the picture
informally whenever there is some chance of a project idea showing
promise).
(1) Bringing Indian biomedical scientists working abroad to India,
to work in Indian laboratories (see details elsewhere).
(2) The Integrated Family and Health Care projects for women in.
the Organised Sector.
(3) An Across the Board Survey of UNICEF's Involvement in
Population Activities in India.
This joint project of the UNICEF and the Foundation with some
of its recommendations lend i,tself to mutual collaboration.
The advantages in a collaborative project would be that while the
Foundation's inputs would be limited to finance one third or half, the
responsibility for monitoring and supervising the project would be
entirely with the Foundation.
Developing New Programmes and Projects
Another important work of the Foundation during the year has
been the development of a number of projects 8$ a result of oWl" work
with the help of task forces, Advisory Panel and other consultants,
and also the feedback from the national and international conferen-
ces and seminars. Some of the more important of these projects are
indicated in the Five Year Plan of the Foundation.
Achievements
Some of the achievements of the Foundation are described below.
These are naturally interrelated and cannot be really isolated:
1) The major achievement has been a continuing one. It has been
possible to identify meaningful projects and programmes with
growing perception and understanding; along with this, also
identifying institutional and individual capabilities. The 43
projects which necessitate varying degree of supervision and
monitoring, have given us assurance in our own ability to carry
on the task of funding and promoting with confidence.
2) A number of publications have been brought out. Some of them
are of a very high research value for the scientific community
and policy makers. Other publications for popular consumption
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.3) The Foundation has been able to relate purposefully with a
number of voluntary and research crganisations, enhancing our
confidence in our ability to help them both with funding and
promoting roles.
4) The Foundation has been able to strengthen its relationship with
the Government of India and some of the State Governments.
They have been responsive to our needs and in turn the Foun-
dation has successfully responded to their suggestions (The
coming of Mr. A. Chandra Sekhar, Additional Secertary and
Mrs. Serla Grewal, Commissioner of Family Planning on the
Governing Board and the Advisory Council, respectively, are
indications of this reciprocity and mutual need).
5) Internationally the Foundation has been able to project an
image of a worthwhile and confident indigenous institution.
6) Most importantly there is increasing confidence within the
Foundation at the staff, the Advisory Bodies and Governing
Board levels, in our future.
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Advisory Council's Review of the Foundation's Activities.
The Advisory Council of the Foundation, which met under the
Chairmanship of Dr. Malcolm S. Adiseshiah on 28th February, 1975,
reviewed the activities of the Foundation· The Council reviewed the
various projects and programmes and examined at some length, the
modus operandi of the Foundation in terms of identifying and deve-
loping projects, supervising and monitoring projects. The Council
also noted the active promotional role that was increasingly going
on along with that of funding. The Council while commending the
work of the Foundation, specifically noted with satisfaction the foL
lowing:
(a) flexible use of the advices given by the Council with regard
to the criteria and the priorities by the Foundation;
(b) development of a wide .range of valuable programmes within
a period of 2~years;
(c) importance and relevance of relating the work of the Foun-
dation to the World Population Year and National Population
Conference;
(d) development of biomedical projects and hoped it would be
intensified;
(e) the right step in exploring the importance of population edu-
cation both at the university and non-school youth levels;
(f) the high quality publications and stressed the need to con-
tinue the same;
(g) the high rural bias of the projects as also preferential funding
and promoting work with reference to voluntary and non
governmental organisations;
(h) the perspective plan idea of developing a 5 Year Plan for the
Foundation.
Some of the more important suggestions made by the Council
are enumerated below:
The Foundation may undertake meaningful and imaginative pro-
gramme in:
(a) educating and motivating the country's leadership, especially
those who are involved in political decision-making. It em-
phasized the need for building political will in favour of
family planning;
(b) evaluation of the family planning programme in the country;
(c) action programmes be intensified in rural areas;
(d) emphasis on communication programmes especially;
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(i) exploring the· electronic media
(ii) training the mass communication personnel, like film
directors and producers
(iii) relating programmes \\"ith that of the SITE.
The Council also discussed a Five Year Plan programme for the
Foundation, which forms the basis of Future Plans for the Foundation,
which is discussed elsewhere in this report.
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The Family Planning Foundation, after nearly three years of its
:existence, has reached a stage when it should think in terms of a
. long term policy and a programme. The past three years, by and
larg€, can be visualized as a learning period. Hitherto, the funding
and promoting programmes were on a year to year basis. This func-
tion was performed on the basis of advice and guidelines prOvided
by the Advisory Council.
The Foundation is now considering a perspective programme :If
funding and research promotion for the next five years. The Founda-
tion, on the basis of its own fund-raising capabilities and the interna-
tional assistance that it can muste.r, is likely to raise Rs. 2.5 crore in
five years that is an average of Rs. 50 lakhs per year. Keeping in mind
this level of finances, the Foundation should evolve for itself a Plan
d ActIon for the next five years.
Recapitulation of Experience so far.
The Foundation, on the basis of its five criteria and four priorities,
has funded 43 projects. A brief summary of the experience is given
here.
The criteria for funding were that the projects and programmes
supported should be:
(1) developmentally-oriented
(2) Innovative
(3) replicative
(4) gap-filling and
(5) economical
(In the last meeting, the Council has suggested more stress on replica-
tion than on the innovative).
The four priority areas have been spelt out as :
(1) selected areas in biomedical research;
(2) strengthening health care system, below the district level;
(3) motivating the rural people to accept small family norms; and
(4) studying fertility behaviour and family dynamics.
It may be added here parenthetically, while the criteria have been
the same, since the inception of the Foundation, the priorities have
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been narrowed down from twelve to four. This was done because of
two reasons-(i) there was a feeling that a large range of priorities
may dilute the Foundation's effort; and (ii) the need for economy.
In identifying the projects, an effort has been made to see that they
have some value for programme development and policy making. Also
assistance has not been just confined to "programmes" and "projects"
but influencing the infrastructure and general ethos itself. The mod1{s
operandi has been both "funding" and "promotional".
The funding of 43 projects has covered a critical range of pro-
grammes emphasis. The operational efforts have been the responsibility
of the core staff with the extensive and intensive cooperation of about
70 experts and the Advisory Panel. The system has been quite
successful. But with the quantum of work increasing and the areas
of operation expanding, there is need for rethinking about the system.
Institutional and individual response has been most encouraging.
However, the levels and kinds of expertise required in several fields
related to population, especially population research ic; in many areas,
in short supply. Lacunae in the programmes covered so far, can in
part, be explained in terms of adequate spedalisation being not
available. For instance expertise in management and systems analysis,
population and law or inter-disciplinary work in population in gene-
ral, is not easily available or identifiable.
The most persistent challenge at both the conceptual and operatio-
nal levels has been the way the Foundation is visualized through its
rules and regulaticns. The Foundation has been defined as a research
organisation in terms of its formal entity. But operationally, it is
expected to galvanize voluntary and private effort in family planning
in the country. These two do not go together well. However, by a care-
ful choice of institutions with each Ipassing year and by providing
research support to voluntary organisations and identifying projects
mare carefully, we have resolved this problem.
The Foundation has worked closely with the Government. It consi-
ders its role as supPortive but not conformist. The role includes
questioning, even provocatively, in a spirit of responsibility.
The Foundation would need to continue this approach or stance in
its perspective planning.
"'''''.;1'._ -
Major Considerations for Future Policy
1. With population problem getting globally politicized and the
increasing recognition of the fact that there are diverse approaches
to solving the population problem, it is necessary that the Foundation
gives thought to its own role in the national context as a non-govern-
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mental organization. The governmental policy, as is emerging, needs to
be studied carefully. While the importance of relating population with
development has been recognized in open forums and in some docu-
ments, there is no adequate evidence that the Government has done
serious thinking on the subject. (It must be however conceded that
the Fifth Five Year Plan makes a fairly good beginning in this regard.
But it is far from adequate). The accent on implementation at the
National Population Conference and other forums recently, highlight
the failure so far of making use of already existing infrastructure.
How much of the controversy that has sprung up in international
forums and to some extent in this country between, "Development
is the best contraceptive" and "Intensive Family Planning Work", is
relevant to Indian conditions? Is there a meaningful stance or a posi-
tion in this debate which the Foundation can identify itself, for an
effective role?
How much cf our effort should go into strengthening and improving
our e}{istingstructures and make it result oriented? How much into
stimulating the development of a viable and effective population
policy? While these may not be dichotomous or antithetical in terms
of the Foundation's role, some clarity in thinking is very necessary.
With no promise of additional resources for family planning and
development as a whole in sight, this question becomes all the more
critical. (It may be parenthetically mentioned here that in our funding
and promotional role so far, we have considered the "two approaches"
as really two of a piece, but programmatically we have tended to be
clearly partial to the action-oriented research programmes).
2 One of the recurrent criticisms of our family planning programme
is that there is no organised political will behind it. This is really a part
of the larger political and ideological question, in which this Founda-
tion probably cannot have a direct role. But if the matter of the crea-
tion of political will is viewed in the educational and developmental
context, the Foundation does have a place. Would it be desirable to
have a well organised educational programme for the political elite
in the country, based on sound research and study? Is the education
of 'political elite of critical importance, especially in view of the likely
politicization of the issue by political parties?
3. Apart from the above two issues, what are the other critical
points of intervention for this Foundation to consider? A number of
ideas have been suggested: (i) Objective assessment of the family
planning programmes. (So far there have been few and of no sufficient
impartance). (ii) Giving a push to the most promising biomedical
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research in reproduction. (iii) Training of multipurpose workers. (iv)
Assessment of the impact of Medical Termination of Pregnancy etc.
These considerations and others were brought to the Advisory
Council with a view to help evolve a five year plan for the Foundation.
The Foundation on the advice of the Advisory Council has appro-
ved the fcllowing areas of work and research:
1. Demonstration, Action-Research Project in Rural and Tribal
Areas and Slums.
A few specific projects such as the following were suggested:
(a) Delivery of a package of health and welfare services.
(b) Training of workers (Multi purpose and others).
(c) Involvement in family planning of Dais and other indigenous
personnel.
(d) Motivational methods, including social and mass communication
(e) Involving community based institutions, like panchayats. co-
(;peratives, schools etc.
2. Goal-oriented biomedical research on a highly selective basis
(a) Those that show early promise and need critical help.
(b) Improving the efficiency and utility of currently available tech-
niques.
(c) Intensifying scientific efforts by pooling the best Indian speciali-
sations available in the country and outside.
3. Projects on Communication
These;may be basic studies of a sociological nature which delve into
the communication processes. The findings of these could be fed into
the preparation of software for mass media.
4. Projects and Studies that deal with policy. administration and
managerial competence in the field of health, family planning and
nutrition.
There could be both basic and critical studies involving demonstra-
tion.
5. Population and Law
A series of studies on Law, Human Rights and Population in the
developmental context and relating these to policy-making and edu-
cational strategies.
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6. Institutional Development
Select a few national and regional voluntary organisations and work
with them intensively. Organisations such as All India Panchayat
Parishad, National Coope.rative Union, Christian Medical Association
of India, Gramin Mahila Sangh etc may be involved in family plan-
ning more effectively. Similarly, work with a few professional orga-
nisations like the Indian Association for the Study of Population,
Association of Schools of Social Work in India etc.
Also provide consultancy services to individual voluntary organi-
sations, including evaluation of their work on request.
7. Evaluation of the Family Planning Prog-camme.
(a) on a continuing basis and
(b) of selected programmes for their feed back value.
8. Projects and Studies that can be closely related to and dovetailed
into some of the important programmes of the Government.
(a) Relating ICDS prog.ramme, with family planning.
(b) Agricultural production with population control.
(c) Galvanizing Population Education programme in a State, through
influencing the overall infrastructure.
9. Identifying successful programmes of family planning in the
country and help to replicate them.
(a) U.P.A.S.I. (United Planters Association of Southern India)
(b) Experience of some industries.
With the help of three Task Groups-namely (a) behavioural
research, (b) biomedical research and (c) management and organisa-
tion, for the Foundation, a Five Year Plan is being wo.rked out based
on the new programme areas indicated above. Projects will be spelt
out in terms of objectives, methodology and programmes along with
the expenditure involved. These projects could be commissioned or
related to requests flexibly. Some of these p.rogrammes could be
funded entirely by the Foundation, some could be part of joint
funding programmes· The Foundation is currently involved in this
E:xercise.
The perspective plan of the Foundation would involve galvanising
itself both organisationally and financially for the purpose.
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Projects in the field of Population Education, Training in Population
Education and Family Life Planning Education
Title of
the project
Sponsored b~' Shri A. G. Bhattacharyya, on behalf of the All India Panchayat Pari-
shad, New Delhi.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Objectives
in brief
The basic objective of the project is to educate young rural men and
women, on the threshold of their marriage (or newly married), with
a view to bring about changes in their attitude towards family size
norms. This attitude is to be inculcated thorough helping them
acquire a measure of control over their lives. The project has the
following specific aims:
1· To promote through education a social awareness that is condu-
cive to re-examination of traditional values lilnd to reinforca
g.l"OUpproblem solving.
2. To provide opportunities and facilities for increased social inter-
action through group activities with a view to promote peer group
activity as a major channel for the education programmes.
3. To poromote self learning amongst the target groups by giving
training to key members and by providing appropriate learning
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Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
aids.
4. To integrate the project's programme with the social and deve-
lopmental infrastructure of the area.
5. To promote organisation of interest groups as a tool for education.
6. To promote referral counselling to act as a support activity to
peripheral counselling.
7. To assess replication possibilities of the project.
Non-formal education would be the main tool for bringmg about
change in the attitude and outlook. This would mean initiating a
precess of self learning, using techniques of group dynamics. The
project work would be basted on a four pronged drive, such as:
a. Educating the educator.
b. Training of peer groups through educators.
c. Forming an expert panel of counsellors to advise on special
problems.
d. Helping the members of the target groups in solving some of their
social and economic problems and through the existing develop-
mental infra-structure.
a. Key members of the peer groups, both men and women.
b. Trained peer group members, selected from group leaders to form
interest groups.
c. Panchayat Raj, Administrative and Developmental agencies work-
king in the project area.
d. Project staff.
The project would be carried out in about 10,000population spre<4d
in 5 to 6 villages. Preparatory to launching the action programme, a
baseline survey will be carried out to gain: (i) insight into the prob-
lems and interests of the people; (ii) assess the feasibility of the
involvement of the local leadership; (ill) identifying the staff of the
official agencies operating in the area for purposes of seeking coope-
ration with them, to find out the acceptability of the project; and (iv)
to get an insight into the social situation and educational needs of
the people.
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3. The action programme would be launched after the survey is com-
pleted and project design has been finalized. The impact of the work
of the project would be evaluated. systematically.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The Foundation sanctioned a Planning Grant of Rs 5,000/- to All
India Panchayat Parishad for preparatory work including base-
line survey, necessary for preparing the project design. I It also
helped the AIPP by identifying for them a few individual ex-
perts and institutions, who could take up the preparatory acti-
vities on behalf of the AIPP. Finally, the AIPP contacted 'the
Behavioural Science Centre to undertake the task.
2. The project pro'posal, prepared with the assistance of the Behavi-
oural Science Centre, was reviewed by the Advisory Panel. The
Panel while strongly approving the project, was of the opinion
that it was too technically conceptualized and the heavy
reliance on the specialists would make its replicability rathE."r
doubtful. The Panel was also of the opinion that the venue of the
project should be shifted from Shahdara in Delhi to a backward
area. Besides, the tenure of the project should be increased to
three years and the budget reduced to Rs 1,50,000/-.
3. Accordingly, after a number of meetings with the Foundation
staff, the AIPP decided to shift the programme to Aurangabad
District (Marathwada region in Maharashtra). They also engaged
Professor N. A. Mavlankar, an Economist with a strong social
action orientation from Poona, as the Project Consultant.
4. The Foundation has released Rs 5,000/- for conducting the base-
line survey and other preparatory work in the selected villages of
Aurangabad.
5.. The AIPP, meanwhile organised a seminar in Poona to discuss
different aspects of the project with an expert group. Exploratory
visits to the villages, tentatively selected for the project work,
have been made.
Title of
the project
Population Education for Non-school going Rural Youth (Education
for Planned Family Life)
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Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
The Foundation approved an additional project on "Population Edu-
cation fer Non-school going Rural Youth" (See project-I) on the
recommendation of the Executive Director. The project, it wag
thought, was important enough for being in more than one place,
especially in a backward and likely resistant area. It also sanctioned
Rs 5000/- Planning Grant for preparing the design. The Ministry of
Health and Family Planning viewed favourably and felt that such a
project would have greater value in a backward area. The Governing
Board, on the recommendation of the Executive Director, decided to
have the project in Kashmir.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. After the initial approval, the Executive Director visited Kashmir
to discuss proposed project with concerned officials and others, and
to identify a suitable organisation to take up the project. Tenta_
tively three organisations have been identified, one of these is
likely to be selected after further study and evaluation.
2. Later, the Foundation consulted two experts to review the design
prepared for the AIPP project (see project I) and suggest ways for
adopting it to the conditions in Kashmir. Their comments and
suggestions have been received but work on the project will be
undertaken after an agency has been finally identified.
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Title of
the project
Population Education for University Students (University Population
Club)
Sponsored by Family Planning Foundation. Project Directors: Mr. Pradip Dalal,
New Delhi (first year) and Dr. K. D. Gangrade (Second year)
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
.Rs. 40,000/-; supplementary grant Rs. 31,000/-. Total Rs. 71,000/- for
two years.
To develop suitable programme, content, methcdology an.da structure
for organising population education in the university level colleges.
1 Project Director,
2 Consultant
3 Two Research Associates (one male and one female)
Brief
description
1. The students at the university level comprise a group which is
en the threshold of marriage and reproduction. Considering it to be
an important programme area, the Foundation approved an action
research project on developing population education activities in se-
lected college.s.These activities would be, it was hoped, of a contimt-
ing nature.
2. The project activities were split up in two phases, namely the
preparatory and implementation. The preparatory phase consisted of
conducting a baseline survey and on the basis of this data, suggest-
ing a suitable programme. The collection and development of suitable
education material was another aim of the project. The implementa-
tion phase consisted of initiating activities in the selected colleges
and evaluation of their impact.
3. Four colleges, affiliated to Delhi University, were selected for the
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experiment of which two were female institutions. A preparatory
baseline survey was carried out. The methods of data collection inclu-
ded individual interviews, group discussions and observations. The
preparatory report brought out the fact that the university students,
by and large, were interested in knowing more about the dynamics
of population growth and their own role in solving the problem.
4. Both the baseline report and the activities in the first year work
were found to be inadequate. The Foundation after consulting the
Advisory Panel, however, extended the project by one more year.
Dr. K. D. Gangrade of the Delhi School of Social Work was asked
to undertake the project.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. A detailed design for research-cum-action was developed by
Dr. Gangrade which was approved by the Foundation. Thereafter,
Dr. Gangrade haS appointed staff (Research Assistants) with expe-
rience in research and community work. After orientation of the
staff, a questionnaire was administered to the heads of institutions
and the students. It was discovered that the respondents prefe;rred
to have open ended questions and subsequently the idea of ques-
tionnaire was dropped. However, a questionnaire giving multiple
choices on four or five points scale, is under preparation.
2. Detailed discussions were held with staff and students of the con-
cerned institutions and later a joint meeting was held. Finally four
colleges were selected for carrying on the activities.
3. In order to manage necessary inputs for the programme, several
agencies were contacted to lend heir help. The All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Family Planning Association of India, the Centt'al
Health Education Bureau, the National Institute of Family Planning
and the National Institute of Health Administration and Education
have so far agreed to extend necessary help. These agencies have also
helped the project in identifying suitable educational material for
the project work.
4. The work plan consists of three phases. The first or the contact
phase consists of activities like collecting basic information, identify-
ing the colleges for the experiment and the meetings for soliciting
support of the heads of the institutions. The second cr the intensive
phase consists of organising a number of programmes in the selected
colleges like lectures, exhibitions film shows, discussions etc.
The final phase would consist of the activities like collecting detailed
information of the work like views of specialisJts,students, heads of
the institutions etc., about organising such programmes in the col-
leges. The earlier survey and discussions with heads of institutions
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have brought out the strong desire to have population education in-
cluded as part of teaching. The panel of respondents would also
include parents of the selected students. The objectives of survey in
this phase would be to prepare a model syllabus for pOpulation edu-
cation for the university students, the methods for doing it and to
develop suitable literature for it.
Title of
the project
Survey of Family Planning Education in the Schools of Social Work
in India.
Sponsored by Prof. K. N. George, on behalf of the Association of Schools of Social
Work in India (ASSWI), Madras
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
To conduct a survey of (1) family planning content in social work
training; (2) research carried out in the area of family planning in
the schools: of social work; and (3) employment opportunities for
social work graduates.
Project Director
Research Associates
1. In its annual session of 1972, the ASSWI, decided to explore ways
and means of improving and expanding work in the area of family
planning. A colllIl'litteewas set up under the chairmanship of Prof.
S. N. Ranade to study the situation and suggest suitable action that
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may be taken by the schools of social work in developing:-
a. Courses on population and family planning for social work stu-
dents.
b. Short term orientation training programmes.
c. Research cum Action Projects.
d. Case records and other literature.
2. The study covered both under-graduate and post graduate insti-
tutions, estimated to be about 30 in the country. The study pro-
posed to provide:
a. Detailed information on the existing situation with regard to
teaching of family planning, such as, topics covered, time devo-
ted to the teaching of these topics, courses in which these to-
pics were distributed, background of the teachers, teachinq
family planning topics etc.
b. The nature of field instructions in family planning, the dura-
tion of field instructions when field work placements were
made and whether all the students got opportunity for field
work in family planning.
c. Research conducted in the field of family planning both by
students and the faculty.
d. Information on number of students currently being prepared.
3. Two sets of questionnaires were prepared, one for the schools and
the other for the students. In addition the staff also visited social
work institutionS' to collect requisite data.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The study report was finalised and submitted to Foundation.
Among the important findings of the study were:-
a. A total of 415 students graduated from different schools of
social work in 1972. Nearly 32% of these specialised in family
planning, development and associated aspects.
b. All the 17 post graduate institutions suggested teaching of
family planning in schools of social work. The list of suggested
topics included methods of contraception, population problem,
family planning programmes in India and role of social work
in family planning.
c. Out of 14 schools with specialisation in social work, 12 insti-
tutions taught family planning as part of family and child
welfare or medical and psychiatric social work. Most of these
institutions made use of guest lecturers.
d. There were only nine institutions which had 20 or more books
on family planning.
e. On the basis of rough estimates, supplied by :;;ocialwork insti-
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tutions, the total number of social work graduates employed
in family planning did not exceed 350.
f. It was discovered that the contribution of trained social wor-
kers in the field of family planning research was practically
negligible.
2. Among ether important findings were:
a. The schools of social work needed to strengthen both theoreti-
cal as well as field instructions in family planning.
b. The teachers in the schools of social work themselves needed
oritntation in family planning.
3. The proposed follow up action by the ASSWI (b) has been done.
(Please see project review at V).
The follow up on other recommendations have not yet been
indicated to the Foundation.
Title of
the project
Seminar and Summer Institute in Family Planning for Social Work
Education.
Sponsored by Prcf. K. N. George, on behalf of the Association of Schools of Social
Work in India (ASSWI), Madras.
Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning, Gandhigram,
Tamil Nadu.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
1. Organise a seminar of heads of the Social Work institutions to
discuss curriculum development that reflects a perspective of social
development and family planning.
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Staffing
pattern
2. Organise a Summer Institute ior the faculty members to enable
them assume responsibilities in teaching family planning, organising
field work and. conducting research.
Dr. S.H. Pathak of the Delhi School of Social Work, was appointed
as the Director of the Seminar.
Brief
description
1. The ASSWI has been concerned with the problem of rapid popu-
lation growth and the moral obligation of the schools of social work
as part of their professional responsibility. It appointed a sub-com-
mittee to study various aspects of introducing family planning train-
ing in the schools of s.ocial work. Accordingly, the sub-committee
commissioned a study of the status of teaching of family planning in
social work education. (Please see project review-IV) .. The committee
also recommended organisation of a seminar of the heads of the social
work institutions to discuss policy matters. As an interim finding of
the status study, it was discovered that the faculty members them-
selves needed orientation in family planning and consequently the
committee decided to organise a summer institute for the social work
educators.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. Both the Seminar and the Summer Institute were organised at
Gandhigram Institute in the month of May, 1973. A brief resume of
the discussions and recommendations is given in the following para-
graphs :-
a. Seminar
i) The social work curricula needed more basic relation to national
goals of social development.
(ii) Each individual school would have to decide about the organisa-
tion of the curricular content, taking into consideration the factors
like structure of university, rules and regulations, the present
programme and job opportunities for the social work graduates.
iii) The social workers have to take active part in the formulation
of social policy and social plamung to achieve the goals of social
development. In this connection, the institutional redistribution
model, as described by Titmus, was most suited to India.
iv) The ASSWI and Indian Association of Trained Social Workers
(IATSW),should join hands and create a machinery for influencing
social policy and planning.
v) The ASSWI and the IATSW appoint a working committee to
develop and promote teaching materials.
b. Summer Institute
The programme of . the Summer Institute included pre~~t~tion
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of a number of papers in family planning by selected experts and
discussions on them. A core group of participants was appointed to
attend all the sessions in order to provide a link to various subjects on
which background papers were presented and subsequently discuss-
ed. This core group also periodically reviewed the programme and
considered modifications.
The reports of the Seminar and Summer Institute contain a des-
cription of the proceedings and re2ommendations. !~The follow up
action of this programme like subsequent orientation workshops,
assessment of the impact,achieven'rent of ...the objectives etc., is
awaited:
The i-eports of the Seminar and jthe Institute have been mimeo-
graphed and circulated. The final report is awaited·
Title of
:Workslhopon Developing Integrated Material en Family Life Plan-
the project ning Education.
Date.9f
sanction
Jlll!ig~t
sanctioned
~t~fAng
pattern
Th~:primary purpose of organisin~(the workshop was to develop and
prepare integrated material on farriily life planning and family plan-
ning, for the target groups like agriculturists, women, out of school
youth etc.
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Feeling the lack of adequate and appropriate literature which can
provide proper and accurate informaticn on family planning, sex,
contraception and related aspects, the Literacy House, Lucknow, deci-
ded to organise a workshop of writers, visualisers, artists and family
planning experts, to deliberate for a period of 11 da;ys and develop
suitable material. Twenty persons participated from four important
areas, that is, content experts, writers, visualisers and artists.
Brief
1. The Literacy House drew detailed plan of work for the 11 day
review of the workshop. Experts in different fields were invited to participate in it.
progress
The outline of the material was first discusSed by a group of experts
before finalising it for publication. A series of booklets were bl'Ought
out in Hindi, primarily for use in Hindi speaking states like Uttar
., Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar etc. The re...e:ponsferom Uttar Pradesh and
Haryana has been most encouraging. There is a great demand for
I literature from these two states.
2. Encouraged by this response, the Literacy House planned to bring
out more literature in the field of family life planning education.
t 3. The Foundation haSinot yet received a report of the follow-up
action in detail. For instance, there is no information on the number
of booklets actually supplied to different states and which particular
publication had evoked more interest, the assessment of actual impact
on the people since the demand by Government departments alone
can not be taken as an indicator of the quality of work.
Title of
National Seminar on PopulJation (of the Key Decision Makers in the
the projec:t: Sarvodaya Movement in India.)
Sponsored b;\\· Prof. Sugata Dasgupta, on behalf of the Gandhian Institute of Studies,
Varanasi.
Date of
sanction
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Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
To assess the role of the Sarvoday,a movement in the programme of
population control and visualise a population policy bearing in mind
the basic values of Gandhian Philosophy.
.
Brief
description
In a meeting of the key decision makers of the Sarva Sewa Sangh,
it was decided to initiate a dialogue between Gandhians and Popu-
lation Experts, as a preliminary to redefinition of Gandhian stand_
point on the population question. It was also decided in this meeting
that the Gandhian Insitute of Studies should convene a seminar of
key decision makers and the family planning experts to discuss,
population issues.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The seminar was organised towards the end of December, 1972,
in Varanasi in which, besides the key decision makers in the Sarvo-
daya movement, a number of experts in the field of family planning
also participated.
2. The main theme of the discussions was "whether in the present
situation in the country an appropriate population policy could be
visualised keeping in mind the basic principles of the Gandhian phi-
losophy." There was a general consensus that the question of popula-
tion should be considered in the context of total socia-economic frame-
work. The society aimed at; would be decentralis:ed one based ()n'the
rational limitation of needS. The stress should be on 'Sanyama' (self
control). However, it left to individual couples to decide ultimately
which methoa of family planning they would adopt.
3. It was decided that a committee be formed to take appropriate
action for follow up of recommendations.
4. It was also decided to organise zonal seminars for the training and
orientation of the grass root level sarvcdaya workers. (Please
see project review VIII).
5. The report of the seminar has been received by the Foundation
and also reviewed by some experts. Its publication, however, is
kept in abeyance for the time being.
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Title of
the project
Zonal workshops on Population for the Grass Root Level Sarvodaya
Workers
Sponsored by Prof. Sugata Dasgupta, on behalf of the Gandhian Institute of Stu-
dies, Varanasi.
Four different centres, Calcutta, Chandigarh, Luclmow and Poona.
(Subject to change)
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
To make grass root level Sarvodaya workers understand family plan-
ning vis-a-vis Gandhian philosophy and provide support to the pro-
gramme within the framework and basic philosophy of the Sarvo-
day.a movement.
Dr. S. S. Singh of the Gandhian Institute of Studies acted as
Co-ordinator of the workshops.
1. In a national seminar of the Gandhian workers and key decision
makers in the Sarvodaya movement in the country, held at Varanasi
in December, 1972, it was decided to acquaint the Sarvodaya work-
ers at the grass root level, with the seriousness of the population
problem, vis a vis the Gandhian standpoint. Accordingly, the Gandh-
ian Institute decided to organise four zonal seminars in differen,tparts
of the country.
2. The Gandhian Institute of Studies, initially asked for a grant of
Rs. 40,000/- for organising four day seminars. However, the Fo-q,nda-
tion felt that the duration of the seminars should be increased to
seven days and efforts should be made to organise workshops, to en-
able the participants evolve a concrete plan of action. Accordingly the
Foundation raised the financial assistance to Rs. 50,000/-.
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Brief
review of the
progress
1. The project was sanctioned in the year 1973. So far the Gandhian
Institute has organised two workshops, that is, in Calcutta for the
Eastern zone and Luckncw for the Central Zone. The third one is going
to be organised in Poona, in March this year.
2. The reports of the two workshops have been received and are being
reviewed. Tentatively it may be S'tated, it was a significant achieve-
ment of the workshop that it succeeded in securing support of some
of the Gandhian and other voluntary agencies like Ramakrishna
Mission Ashram. Vishwa Bharti-Shanti Niketan, Assam Sewa Samiti,
,Navajiwah Ashram, etc., to seek involvement in family planning
philosophy and programme.
3. An effort is also being made to compile an inventory of indigenous
cClltracep!th:ematerial beieved to be in use in Eastern zone, hili areas
and ncrthern zone. Some valuable suggestions, keeping in view the
regional complexities, were also given by the participants for develop_
ing extension material.
4. The follow up action would be worked out after the fourth work-
shop.
Title of :
the project
Functional Literacy and Family Planning Education (an experi-
mental project).
Sponsored by Dr. M.P. Dadhich, on behalf of Bikaner Adult Education Association,
Bikaner, Rajasthan.
Date of
sanction
Duration
j'
Budget
sanctioned
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Staffing
pattern
education programmes and craft training, and assess its impact
against the indicators of increased awareness and practice of family
planning among selected rural women.
Brief
description
1. The Bikaner Adult Education Association submitted a project
proposal for organising an action research programme in selectpd
villages of the Bikaner district, the target group being women.
2. The panel of experts and members of the Advisory Panel, who
reviewed the pl"Oposal,felt that it had essential ingredients of a
good project, however, the senior staff needed orientation in or-
ganising programmes of demonstration research.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The Foundation sanctioned a planning grant of Rs 5,OOOi- to enable
the project director study similar programmes at other centres' in
the country and also undergo orientation training in planning,
developing and evaluating action research projects in the field
of health and family planning. The Gandhigram Institute of Rural
Health and Family Planning was also requested to help the project
director in preparing the research design..
2. The tour report and the design submitted for the project were
again reviewed by the programme staff and certain modifications
were suggested.
3. Since, it is an action research project which also has economic
activities as part of it, the financial inputs are likely to be consi-
derable.
4. The Foundation is interacting with a few national and internatio-
nal agencies to ccllabor.ate in funding the programme. The final
decision has not been taken as yet.
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Title of
the project
Providing Total Health Care including Family Planning to a Popu-
lation of 20000.
Sponsored by Prof. Tarun Banerjee, on behalf of the Amiya Debi Charitable Trust,
Calcutta.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
Rs. 1,50,000/-; also a supplementary grant of Rs. 36,000/-
Total Rs. 1,86,000/-.
Provide total health services through a VOluntary hospital and assess:
a. the extent of improvement in the acceptance of family plannin~;
b. the extent to which the voluntary hospitals can take up such pro-
grammes .
. The overall objective is to evolve a methodology for organising
integrated health programmes, including family planning, using
voluntary hospitals/clinics as nucleus for such activities.
1. Project Director
2. Senior Social Scientist
3. Statistician
4. Health Education Officer
1. Integration of family planning with maternal child health and
basic health services, has been accepted by the Government as a po-
licy. However, it has not been adequately demonstrated whether the
integration can really improve family planning acceptance especially
through private people, hospitals and clinics. Successful implementa-
tion of such programmes is contingent on a good methodology of work
and a package of health prgrammes which is acceptable to people,
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which can also be conveniently provided by such organisations.
2. The Foundation sanctioned a project on total health care through a
voluntary hospital run by the Amiya Debi Charitable Trust in the
southern suburbs of Calcutta, with a substantial Muslim population.
The population is predominantly agro-industrial and is on the thres-
hold of urbanisation. The project which is hospital based, would make
use of the techniques. and methods of community. organisation and
extension education. Alllhe family planning services including steli-
lisation and termination of pregnancy are proposed to be given under
this project.,
3. In addition to prQviding financial assistance, the Foundation is also
trying tc help bring in additional inputs from other national as well
as international agencies. The initial exploration in this regard has
been encouraging.
4. The Foundation has also sanctioned an additional grant of
Rs. 36,000/- to enable the organisation arrange for suitable and E'X-
perienced research expertise.
Brief
L The project was formally inaugurated by the Governor of
review of the West Bengal on September 30, 1973.
progress
2. The baseline survey was to be taken up in two .rounds. The first
round has been completed for all the 13 project villages, The second
round would be completed by the end of March, 1975. The delay
in completing this survey was due to difficulties in identifying suita-
ble social science expertise wth experience of organising action re-
search programmes in the field of health. The sponsors of the project
succeeded in engaging a reader in Anthropology from the Jadhavpur
University. The Foundation also arranged for research orientation of
the staff at the Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family
Planning.
3. A somewhat ambitious baseline survey was planned by the pro-
ject staff which could not Qe completed within the stipulated tim€'.
4. The Foundation has, therefore, suggested launching of the action
programme in the villages, where the second round' of the survey had
been completed, as a pilot experiment. The Foundation staff also
helped to identify relevant information which was needed for launch-
ing the action progl"amme.
5. One difficulty that the project has enco~ntered so far, is that the
hospital had been providing only clinic based medical care and family
planning services. Under the project, however, the workers not only
collect statistics on matters related to family planning but also advo-
cating it. This has, as reported, resulted in some resistance by the
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people.
6. Some aspects of the project still remain to be straightened
out. These include, finalisation of the operational design, and identi-
fying a suitable research consultant for the next stage of work pro-
gramme. The Foundation staff with the help of one or two experts
proposes to visit the field again to help solving these problems.
Title of
the project
Action Research Project on Initiation of Community Action for a
Programme of Integrated Health and Family Planning'.
Sponsored by Shri Tripurari Sharan, on behalf of the Gram Nirman MandaI,
Sokhodeora, Nawadah, Bihar.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Rs. 1,39,0001-; a1so a supplementary grant of Rs. 45,0001-. Total
amount Rs. 1,84,0001-.
1. To find out the extent to which the voluntary organisations
can assume the responsibility of organising integrated health care and
family planning programmes.
2. To develop a methodology for involving the village organisations
to launch the programme of health and family planning through
voluntary clinics.
3. To assess the extent of improvement in acceptanc~ of family
planning after integration. with the health care services.
1. Project Director
2. Senior Re.search Officer
3. Investigators and medical social workers.
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Brief
description
1. It is being increasingly felt that the Government alone, without
the involvement of the voluntary organisations, cannot succeed in
achieving the goal of family planning. This is particularly true of
~he backward and rural areas.
2. Gram Nirman Mandal is a Sarvodaya organisation, committed
to the welfare of the people in the backward areas of Bihar. The
Foundation, after initial interaction with the Gram Nirman MandaI,
sanctioned a p.Tojectof integrated health, making the Primary Treat-
ment Centre (run by the GNM) as the nucleus of all activities. The
three important features of.the experiment are:-
a. Activisation of the Village Development Councils to assume the
responsibilities of the programme.
b. Training of the male and female village volunteers to provide
maternal and child health care as well as basic health servicE.'s,
including registration of vital events. The volunteers would
work under t~ supervision of the village development council~.
c. A health insurance scheme under which the rural families on
payment of a nominal fee of Rs. 15/- per year, would be entitled
to all the hospital facilities including indoor medical care.
Brief
1. The Foundation, after sanction of the project, arranged ~or the re-
review of the search orientation of the staff at the Gandhigram Institute of Rural
progress
Health and Family P.lanning. It was expected that the project work-
ers, under the supervision of the research staff of the Gandhigram
Institute, would be able to prepare the detailed research design and an
operational programme plan. This, however, did not materialise.
2. The baseline· survey has· been completed in one segment of the
5000 population and is currently in progress in the second segment.
3. The Foundation, realising the limitations of the project staff,
arranged for research consultancy with the Gandhian Institute of Stu_
dies, Varanasi and sanctioned a supplementary grant of Rs. 45,000/-
however, had difficulties in securing the same and consequently, im-
for the same. The Gandhian Institute recently organised a training
programme for the staff of the project and also helped them to dr..lw
out an operational programme plan.
4. The Gandhian Institute has also suggested reconsideration of
some of the objectives of the project and incorporation of some new
elements in the programme. The Foundation is considering the
matter.
5. The Foundation has suggested a rationalisation of the <area of
operation to make the project viable in terms of area and population
coverage and available resources.
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6. The progress of the project had been somewhat slow. Even the
baseline survey has not been completed in the entLI'e population of
tbe project area. The detailed project deSign and the operatiooal
programme pl~n were,. therefore, delayed One other problem, that
needs specific mention :here is the inability of the project to 'procure
necessary inputs for the integrated health programme. The Founda-
tiOll,on its part, is providing budget for family planning inputs and
the staff salary. It was the understanding ;that the project sponsors
would obtain necessary progranune inputs from other sources. It,
however, had difficulties in securing the same and consequently im-
plementation of the action programme has been delayed.
7. The ~oundation has, on its own, suggested a re-appropriation of
the sanctioned budget ..and working out a realistic break up within
the limits of the overall sanctioned amount.
8. It is hoped that with the involvement of the Gandhian Institute
, of Studies the project work would gain momentum.
Title of
the project
Developing Services of all Urban Clinic to Aetas a Nucleus for Pro-
viding Integrated Health Services incitl<img FartillyPlanning.
Sponsored by Mrs N. Sohoni, on behalf of. the Bihar Council of Women, Patna,
Bihar.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
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for all the activities, with the involvement of a voluntary organisa-
tion for the people of slum areas.
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
1. The Bihar Council of Women has been organising wel-
fare activities for children and women in the slums of
Patna. It runs a clinic where some of the city's leading paediatricians
and physicians voluntarily devote some of their time for treating the
patients. Family Planning forms one of the important activities of the
organisation.
2. The Foundation approved a project with the aim to involve a
voluntary organisation as well as to develop a methodology of pro-
gramme organisation for slum areas.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. Inspite of the considerahLe initiative shown by the Foundation
in developing the project, the Council has not shown requsite confi-
dence in undertaking the project. There are internal leadership and
other problems.
2. The Foundation has decided to drop the project and intimate the
agency accordingly.
Title of
the project
Initiating a programme of integrated health maximising participation
of the voluntary agencies.
Sponsored 1t~, Dr. K. N. Rao, on behalf of the Population CouncIL of India (PCI),
New Delhi.
Date of
sanction
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Budget
sanctioned
Conduct a preparatory study and take up other appropriate activities
to plan a programme of integrated health maximising the participation
of voluntary agencies.
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
The Population Council of India submitted a number of proposals for
financial assistance to the Foundation. As a result of several meetings
and discussions, it was decided to give a planning grant of Rs. 5,000/-
to enable PCI prepare a project design for an action research project.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The PCI commissioned a task group of experts to help in prepara-
tion of the project design. The project proposal, submitted by the PCI
was reviewed by the experts who suggested some modifications.
2. The budget request far the project was for more than Rs. 8 lakhs
and considering the financial constraiiltsl the Foundation decided to
postpone a decision on the project. Besides, by the time, the proposal
was received, the Foundation had already sanctioned three demon_
stration projects in the field of integrated health.
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Title of
the project
Sponsored b~' Dr. K. A. Pisharoti, on behalf of the Ganclhigram Institute of Rural
Health and Family Planning, Tamil Nadu.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
To study the inter-relationship among socio-economic variables,
inputs in family planning programme and the performance
of the programme. More specifically, the study would try to work out
the correlation, if any, that exists between the dvelopmental mea-
sures adopted in different regions and family planning acceptnace.
Also, the correlation between family planning acceptance and the
pr~ramme inputs in family planning.
1. Project Director
2. Research Officer
3. Research Associates.
1. The original project proposal consisted of two phases
of study. In the first phase, existing information on the socio-
economic development, family planning inputs and the family plan-
ning performance were to be studied. In the second phase, it was pro-
posed to stu<;ly,through a survey, the possibilities of the application
of the cost-benefit framework, to the number of children the couples
desired to have. The overall budget commitment, under the original
proposal, was more than Rs. 5 lakhs.
2. The experts, to whom the proposal was referred, commended the
study. The~ning
......• ~.
Board, however, felt that the project, for the
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present, should be financed only for the first phase, that is, it should
be coqfined to the analysis of the e~isting data. It agreed to sanction
budget for the second phase provided Gandhigram Institute was able
to raise a matching grant from other sources.
3. 'ThE!I!nstitute encountered difficulties in identifying a suitable
prcject director. Dr. R. S. Kurup who was at that time with the
Government of India, on deputation from the Kerala Government,
took almost one year to join the project.
4. The project, however, started last year, with Dr. Kurqp as direc-
tor. During the months of March and April 1974, the scheme of the
study was redrafted and a schedule was developed. The data is now
being collected and tabulated.
5. A difficulty that the project has encountered is that while infor-
mation on the socio-economic variables is available, data on inputs in
family planning and performance, is not available blockwise. It has,
therefore. become necessary to compile villagewise information and
then calculate block figures. Other information about development,
etc. would be collected from the block offices and the health centre:;.
6. Essentially, the present work is confined to collect the available
information from variolls sources. In this connection, the data for the
Madurai district was completed by the end of year 1974.It is proposed
to carry out tests for accuracy for 10% of the information. collected
from the blocks.
7. The data CQilectionis going on presently and its analysis etc.
would take a longer time. It is, therefore, expected that the project
work would extend beyond the stipulaed time. The primary reason
for his delay is the non-availability of information and difficulties in
obtaining correct information.
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Title of
the project
Sponsored by. Dr. Prodipto Roy, on behalf of the Council for Social Development
'(CSD), New Delhi.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
To determine, by re-analysing the data already collected through
various studies, the wastage of children per couple, in the states of
Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya and Andhra Pradesh. More speci-
fically the project would take into account:
a. nature and extent of infant and child mortality among the male
and female offsprings in the rural and urban sample groups. In-
fant mortality is being studied in terms of peri-natal, neo-natal
and post neo-natal mortality;
b. estimates of pregnancy wastage .rates in relation to socio-economic
and demographic characteristics associated with high or low preg-
nancy wastage; and
c. the correlation whether the child wastage and pregnancy wastage
separately, or jointly relate to the attitudes and the adoption of
family planning.
1. Project Director
2. Statistician
3. Rsearch Assistant
1. Although accurate data are not available, it can be said that the
wastage of pregnancy and of child and infant life in India, is about
the highest in the world. This has perhaps led to the fears of the
parents about the survival of their progeny to adulthood and conse-
quently to their hesitation in limiting families.
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2. Since, nearly 70 to 90% of births in the rural areas take place out-
side the hospital system or instituti-onal care, it is difficult to arrive
at correct figures which is necessary for the deployment of resources
anq planning the health. programmes. The }Aresentproject is an at-
tempt to reach accurate figures in this- regard by re-analysing the
available data.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The Council for Social Development, suggested three research
areas to the Foundation. After a few discussion it was decided to
take up a project on working out accurate estimates of child wastage
and also to find out its socia-economic correlates. The Foundation
sanctioned a planning ~ant of Rs. 5,000/- to enable CSD take up an
exploratory study of the available data and prepare a project design.
2. The data has been collected and compiled. Its analysis ~- presently
going on. The final report is expected to be submitted to the Foun-
dation by the end of April, 1975.
3. The study could not be completed within the stipulated time sche-
dule mainly due to the illness of the principal investigator.
Title of
the project
Sponsored by Prof. P. B. Desai, on behalf of the Indian ASfSociationfor the Study
of Population, Delhi.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Rs 25,000/-, a supplementary grant of Rs 1,00,000/- given to extend
the tenure of project by five years. Total amount Rs 1,25,000/-.
1. To promote exchange of ideas in the field of population and allied
aspects
2. To present a broad spectrum of articles and views on demographic
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€xpzrience in India in particular, and cf the developing countries
in general.
3. To encourage contribution to population research especially by
young social scientists in India and abroad.
Brief
description
1. "Demography-India" is the first journal of its kind in the coun-
try. An important aspect being that it highlights the demographic
aspect of social and economic development in the Indian context.
Another important feature of the journal is that it provides a
continuing forum fer current evaluation and research in the field
of population and family plannmg as also in the related fields d
scciology, sccial-psychelogy, biclogy, genetics, public health,
medical science, etc.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. So far, four issues of the journal have been brought out. The
fifth volume is also expected to be published shortly. All the
issues of the journal have been well received by the scientists,
both in India and abroad.
2. When the journal started its publication, it was hoped that the
quarterly schedule of publication would be maintained ar.d
within a period of one year the journal would attain self suffici-
ency. This, howeV'er, could not be done. During a span of
two and half years, only four issues of the journal have been
brought out. By the time the fifth issue is published, the journal
would have completed three years of its publication. While the
publications have been delayed, the journal has kept up its high
quality;
3. Because of rise in the printing costs and prices of paper, the jour-
nal needed outside help at least for few years .more. Considering
it to be an important publication the Foundation sanctioned conti-
nuation of its support for another five years.
4. Recent discussions with the Editor of the Journal show that the
!ASP has resolved to publish "Demography-mdia" on schedul~
as a biannual, and alSo attain financial self sufficiency. The indi-
cations are that the Foundation's support may be gradually
reduced as the journal establishes itself in five years. It is hoped
that the journal wouid be self-supporting, even earlier than this.
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Laboratory Experiment
(Categorised as Action Research)
Title of
the project
Mechanism of Action of Some Anti •Fertility Agents on the Contrac-
tility 9f the Fallopian Tubes.
.
Sponsored b~' Prof. S. K. Guha, on behalf of the
Sciences, New Delhi.
,
,AIIMS, New Delhi.
-'l-'.~i
All India Institute
"
of Medical
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
The broad objective of the project is to arrive at an understanding
of the mechanism of action of some anti-fertility agents on the con-
tractility of fallc'pian tubes with a view to select suitable anti-fertility
agents and provide guidelines for the synthesis of new agents.
1. Project Director
2. Senior Scientific Officer
3. Research Associate.
1. A specific class of agents, which are believed to affect fertility
by altering the m~tility of the fallopian tubes are to be studied.
2. The project would try to study· the tubal motility in relation to
th mechanics of transport of ova and sperm. The investigations are
being done both on theoretical and experimental models, as well as
on animals.
The project, it is hoped, would help to develop a clinical method
fer conception control by a single dose at mid-cycle with minimum
or no side effects.
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The Foundation's financial support is limited to providing a senior
Fellowship, amounting to Rs. 15,000/- a year to Dr. Behari, the
principal research worker under Prof. Guha. Rest of the inputs in-
cluding stipends of other research staff are being provided by the
AIIMS.
Brief
.review of the 1. A multi-facet investigation of the problem is underway on the
progress
following lines:
a. Theoretical study of the forces of ova in relation to transport.
b.i. Observation of the contractility of fallopian tubes in vitro
b.ii. Develop a technique for monitoring the motility of the tubes
in vitro
b.iii. Monitor the bio-electric pctential from fallopian tube in vi'va
b.iv. Formulate a new technique for direct observation of move-
ment of ova or ova like particles in the fallopian tube with
animal in a normal conscious state.
2. Techniques of in vivo motility studies were extensively experi-
mented upon and miniaturised trarisducer could be made. Using this
new method of motility in the isthimic and ampulla regions, during
different periods, following evolution is being studi~.
3. The method fur finding the mobility of ova using radio-active
particles has been tried without success so far. Studies are underway
to obtain an alternative method.
.
4. The Foundation would review the progress of work with assistance
1 . ,of a special panel of experts.
During the years 1973 and 1974, the Foundation financed four con-
ferences or' seminars in the field of bio-medical research. Their
brief description is given in the following columns:
Title of
the project
Symposium on Chemistry, Biology and Immunology of Gonadotro-
pins.
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Sponsored b~7 Prof. N. R. Moudgal, on behalf of the Indian Institute cf Science,
Bangalore.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Title of
the project
Sponsored by Prof. B. K. Anand, on behalf of the Scientific committee of the
conference, AIIMS, New Delhi.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Title of
the project
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Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Title of
the project
Symposium on Regulation of Growth and Differentiated· function in
Eukaryote cells.
Sponsored by Prof. G. p. Talwar, on behalf of the AIIMS, New Delhi, and Inter-
national Union of Bio-chemistry.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
1. The Foundation provided only part of the expenses on all the con-
ferences or seminars.
2. All these seminars and conferences have been useful and we11
appreciated. The Foundation's role as being positive is also getting
to be known and recognized.
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Title of
the proje~t
Sponsored by Mr. D. V. N. Sarma, on behalf of the Operations Research Group,
Baroda.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
,.
Rs. 44,000/- (Partial support, the Government of Gujarat also gave
financial assitance).
1. Analyse and evaluate the factors relevant to family planning pro-
gramme in Gujarat.
2. Study the role played by various government agencies, Panchay-
ats, motivators and others, during the campaign.
3. Study the characteristics of the acceptors and non acceptors.
4. Find out the factors responsible for differential performance.
1. Project Director
2. Three Senior Research Workers
3. Specialists from Government departments.
4. Investigators.
1. In the wake of the impressive performance in the mass vasectomy
campaign in Kerala, the Gujarat Government also organised a mas-
sive vasectomy campaign from November 15, 1971 to January 14,
1972.In this campaign a record total of 2,23,060,operations were per-
formed and its success generated a lot of interest in their approach.
2. The success of the campaign was partly attributed to the role
played by different government agencies and panchayats and partly
to the high incentives offered. It was considered important that a
realistic appraisal of each of these factors be taken up. In addition,
it was also thought advisable to take into account the factors like
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mobilisation of resources, management, the quality of individual
attention and follow up services, and thE:type of shortages experienced
in .personnel, supplies, transport etc.
3. The Government of Gujarat also collaborated in this sudy and
provided part of the finances, besides, lending services of one of their
'demographers and others.
Brief
1. The draft report of the study has been received by the Foundation
review of the and is being reviewed by the experts. On receipt; of their comments
progress
and suggestions, the report would be sent back for revision.
2. The study fell behind the scheduled date of completion. It was
sanctioned for a period of one year on May 29, 1972. The final report
was received by the Foundation towards the end of November, 1974.
3. The study brought out the fact that: (a) incentives played a big
role in generating acceptance of vasectomy because of poverty. The
high rate of acceptance, however, seemed to be because of the coope-
ration and active participation of Panchayats and Government offi-
cials. It was believed by many of the officials that most of the ready
acceptoI'Shl ad been covered during the campaign and subsequent per-
formance would be anticipatedly low. It appeared that either these
persons were tired or needed expert advice on motivating more peo-
ple;(b) the study Bilsobrought out the fact that the follow up and
individual care was inadequate and there were cases of post-opera-
tion complications and con:...~quentlywide-spread fear agtllinst bad
after-effects of operation; (c) the mass vasectomy campaign approach
had evoked greater response from predominantly socially and econo-
mically weaker sections of the society, Only those areas had respon-
ded well to the programme which were inhabited by these people
and vice versa; and (d) 40.4 % of the couples with three children or
more, and desiring no more, were operated as against the figure of
16.6% in the pre-campaign period, of the same category of people.
Since this was the main target group aimed at, the performance should
be considered as impressive.
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Title of
the proje~t
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
Rs 50,000/-; a supplemtmtary grant of Rs 20,000/- for the publication
cf the reports. Total amount sanctioned: Rs 70,000/-.
1. Identifying various categories of population research in India.
2. Identifyinglacunae and assessing research in relation to its rele-
vance to family planning programme.
3. Assessing research of various institutions engaged in population
research, identifying the trends of research and their relevance to
population and family planning programme.
4-. Providing guidelines for future research, keeping in mind:-
a. basic goals of family planning;
b. government's role in promoting population research for family
planning and programme development;
c. role of the universities and other institutions of research and
higher learning; and
d. the financing role of the Family Planning Foundation.
The study was commissioned through three experts in the respective
fields of Behavioural research in family planning (Prof. Udai Pareek),
Demography (Mr. S. P. Jain) and Bio-Medical Research (Prof. G. P.
Talwar).
1. The population research in the country, which had been going on
for quite some time, by and large, had been uneven and was taken
up more on the basis of the felt needs of the Government and
individuals from time to time. There was no evidence of a basic
approach to population research as part of a development or popu-
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laticn policy. It was felt that the status study of pOpi.l-
laticn research would stimulate research community into more
meaningful involvement in population research. It would aho
help the government.
2. The study was divided into three areas, that is (1) sociological-
behavioural, communicational and organisational; (2) demography;
and (3) biD-medical.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The Foundation staff prepared a background note which was dis-
cussed in a task group specially commissioned by the Foundation.
Later, the Foundation interacted with a number of experts and
finally identified three persons to undertak~ the study.
2. Coordination of the Study was done by th~ Foundation.
3. The study reports in the three areas have been finalised and sent
for publication. The re1ports on the behavioural research and
demographic research have already been published and have
been well received. The third volume on the bio-medical research
is expected to be out of the press within a short time.
4. The Foundation invited three eminent persons in their respective
fields of research to reviwe the studies and write introduction.
Accordingly, Prof. S. C. Dube was requested to write introduction
to the Behavioural Sciences study, Dr. C. Chandrasekharan
to Demography and Dr. V. Ramalingaswami to Bio-medical re-
search. The general introduction to all the three volumes was
written by Prof. Malcolm S. Adiseshiah.
Title of
the project
An Across the Board Study of UNICEF's Involvement in Population
Activities in India.
Sponsored by Jointly commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation and
UNICEF (SCARO), New Delhi.
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Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Rs 18,000/-; Rs 36,000/- were also provided by the UNICEF. The total
cost of the project was estimated to come to Rs 54,000/-.
To assess through an across the board survey, the current status of
the UNICEF aided programmes in the country with a view to deter-
mine :-
a. level and kind of involvement in family planning;
b. ways and methods of adopting them more effectively for family
planning; and
c. suggest a broad strategy for technical assistance and programme
enhancement, and identify neces~ary mechanisms and infrastruc-
tures for the same.
Staffing
pattern
1. Executive Director of the Foundation acted as the superviser-
coordinator of the project.
2. Two senior staff.
3. Two research associates.
Brief
description
1. In 1973, the Executive Board of the UNICEF recommended that
the UNICEF (SCARO) may undertake an across the board survey
of all of its assisted programmes in India to ascertain whether and
how a family planning component might by included.
2. The study was to be' undertaken in conjunction with the concerned
government departments and ministries, and a few U.N. organisa-
tions. Accordingly, the Family Planning Foundation and the
UNICEF jointly sponsored the study to assess and suggest deve-
lopment of a family planning component in the UNICEF assisted
programmes, both present and proposed for future, in the fifth
five year plan.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The Foundation initially interacted with the UNICEF to assess
their thinking on the subject. On the basis of these discussions,
the Foundation staff prepared a background note which was dis-
cussed in a joint meeting. The final paper was later presented in
a meeting of experts drawn from different disciplines.
2. Subsequently, the Foundation appointed staff to carry out the
study. The Foundation also engaged four consultants to review
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Sponsored b;y Commissioned by the Family Planning Foundation through Gandhian
Institute of Studies, Varanasi
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
1. To assess the technical feasibility of the method. This inter alia
included assessment of the success, the cost effectiveness and the
psychosomatic after effects.
2. Assess the project performance. This included response by the
clientele, the cost and resource structure, the effectiveness of the
education and the resistances, and the replicability of the project
in other areas.
3. The response by the people of the slums, their reasons for accept-
ing the method or for non-acceptance, attitudes towards the
agency propagating the method and the programme.
Staffing
pattern
1. Project director.
2. Investigators.
Brief
description
1. Rhythm cum temperature method is being popularised in a slum
of Calcutta, under a Catholic organisation called Nirmal Hriday
(Sacred Heart), as a means for family welfare under the guidance
of Mother Theresa. Considerable popularity and effectiveness of
the method was claimed. The Foundation decided to evaluate the
effectiveness of the method and the people's response towards it.
2. The project was assigned to the Gandhian Institute of Studies to
conduct an evaluatory study of the programme.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The report has been received by the Foundation ..
2.
tOemnepeo•rfattuhree
major findings of
method has been
the study is that
found to be quite
the rhythm
effective; the
cum
suc-
cess rate has been calculated to come to nearly 100%. On the
basis of this finding wide scale replication and propagation of this
method is recommended.
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3. The Fcundation get the report evaluated by two experts. While
cne of them suggested modifications mainly for programme pur-
the progress from time to time and assist in preparation of thE
report.
3. The report of the study was prepared within the stipulated time
and the preliminary draft was discussed with the concerned per-
sons within the UNICEF and some eminent persons in the coun-
try, in different fields of activity.
4. A supplementary report is being prepared on the basis of the sug-
gestions, comments and modifications given by these experts.
5. The report outlining the findings, as relevant to the Government
of India and the mandate of the UNICEF, primarily focusses on
the five year country assistance plan of the UNICEF and the Fifth
Five Year development plan of India. It contains suggestions for
immediate action, development of new components and proposals
for new projects.
6. The report has been mimeographed and is being circulated. It is
also being .studied by the UNICEF for programme implications
and subsequent action. The UNICEF has sent the document to
some of the ministries of the Government of India and a few
international organisations.
7. The Foundation exrpectsto interact with the UNICEF in coming
months for joint programmes which are mutually acceptable.
Title of
the project
Status study cf the family planning component in the urban commu-
nity development programmes in the country.
Date of
sanction
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Budget
sanctioned
To assess the status of the family planning component in the pro-
gramme of the Urban Community Development projects with a view
to suggest ways and means of incorporating it, and where already
existent, reccmmend methods for strengthening it.
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
There are about 20 Urban Community Development projects in the
country. Some of these have been reported to have operated or. are
cperating in the field of family planning. The Foundation decided to
commission a status study of the family planning component to spon-
sor one or two meaningful programmes in the urban areas, through
the urban community development projects.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The Foundation commissioned a group of experts to decide about
the preliminaries of taking up such a study. In the first meeting
of the group it was recommended by experts that the Foundation
may take up this study for assessing the current status of family
planning.
2. The implementation of the study, however, has been kept in abe-
yan<reas according to the latest ciecisionof the Government to stop
grants to most of the Urban Community Development projects.
Instead the Government is envisaging the launching of intensive
urban slum improvement programme. Preliminary exploration
is now going for initiating the programme for having it in Cal-
cutta, in one of the slums.
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Title of
the projed
Comprehensive Labour Welfare Scheme (including No birth bonus
Scheme).
Sponsored by Mr. V. I. Chacko, on behalf of the United Planters Association of
Southern India, Coonoor, Tamil Nadu.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
1. To study the effect of No Birth Bonus Scheme on the Women.
2. To evaluate the effect of No Birth Bonus Scheme with compreherl-
sive labour welfare scheme, as against the Comprehensive Labour
Welfare Scheme alone.
1. Project Director.
2. Campaign leader
3 Medical Officer.
4. Project assistants.
1. The United Planters Association of Southern India took up a pio-
neering plan of launching a comprehensive labour welfare scheme
for the workers and their families. The scheme was initially sup-
ported by the U.S.A.LD. and later by the Government of India.
However, due to reasons of economy the Government of India
discontinued its grant to UPASI.
2. The Foundation, on the request of UPASI, stepped in and sanc-
tioned a grant of Rs. 2,OO,OOOi- to keep the scheme going and to
introduce the programme of No Birth Bonus Scheme to the wo-
men in the procreation age group. The sanction of the Foundation
was made on two conditions. Firstly, the budget provided by the
Foundation was to be specifically be used on developing the prog-
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ramme and not on paying the bonus to the women. SecondlY,the
UpASI should raise a'matching grant from 'other sources.
0,
3. Under the scheme, every women in the procreation age group (1~;-
44 years), was to be invited to join the,NBBS, After she regi~ered,
she would be entitled for Rs 5/- per' ilior'ith.,In ~e, she delive~~d
a child after joining the scheme (and provided it was the first,
second j)r third child), a part of the' accwnult;tted bonus was
to be deducted. However, she was to forefeitthe entire amount
in case she delivered the fourth child.
Brief
revIew of the
pro~ress
'1. Three ~states, sitiIated at a distance of about '20 miles from the
headquarters, were selected for the exj>eririlent.
2. The following activities are being carried out In the area as part
of the C.L.W.S.:
a. Medic!il care
b. Creche
c. Labour club
d. Primary school
e. No Birth Bonus Scheme
3. The impact of the Scheme is to be, evaluated. The Foundation
is also interacting with some consultants to l~elp the programme in
redesignjrig some parts ,of the proJect, esPe~i~Uy the evaluation
aspects."
"" "
~Ul~of
thepr~ject
,
Eyqlvi,ng Septoral Strategies for Family Planning Programme ip In-
'duStries:,,' ,
,,'.
.,"
Spon~or~ by Conllnissioned, by the' Family Planning Found~tion:, through Indian
Institllte
';'-;
.
of, Manag, em. ent,
Ahmedabad.
Date ()f,
san~tion
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Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
The overall objective of the project is to formulate strategies which
will enable the Indian industrial sector to playa more effective role
in promoting family planning among the industrial workers. The
strategy, so formulated, will cover the following areas.
a. The goals of the family planning programme in the industrial
sector.
b. Targets that need to be laid down for achieving these goals.
c. Procedures for revising the targets in the light of evaluation of
the programmes.
d. Programmes and plans needed to influence the target units to
undertake effective and sustained family planning programme.
e. Resources required and their organisation and deployment to pro-
vide adequate support to the target units.
f. Identification and development of organisation that can be link-
ed together in effectively implementing the strategy.
g. Determination of the managerial resources and organisational
set up required to coordinate, direct and evaluate the programme.
h. Programmes, plans and guidelines to be followed by individual
industrial units for implementing the family planning pro-
grammes.
Two co-directors of the project
Research Associates and Investigators
Director of the 11Mto act as project coordinator.
1. There are reportedly nwre than 13,000 industries employing 50
or more workers in each unit. The industrial sector has its own so-
cial and institutional character, its occupational structure and, in
fact, its own ethos. As such, it was considered advisable to explore
and identify through a study, strategies for organising family plan-
ning programme in the industries.
2. The Foundation decided to assign this task to the Indian Insti-
tute of Management, Ahmedabad. Disc~icns were, thereafter, held
with the director of the institute and the Foundation sanctioned an
amount of Rs. 5,000/- for preparatory work to formulate a design.
3. The report of the pilot survey and the proposed outline were dis-
cussed in a meeting at Bombay, in which the staff of the institute,
the Foundation staff, representative of the FPAI, trade union lea-
ders and representatives of industrial organisations participated.
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4. The main methods employed for the study are basically anthro-
pological with case studies, field observations and depth interviews
being used for data collection.
p. The tenure of the study had to be extended beyond the stipula-
ted period since Prof. Nambudiri took up an assignment in Africa and
the other co-director, Prof. Sharma, also undertook an assignment
outside the country.
6. Initial visits to selected industries, case studies and interviews
with selected people are being carried out and the data is being
compifud, tabulated and analysed. A broad framework for writing
the final report has also been evolved.
Title of
the project
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brit1f
description
Five planning grants of Rs. 5,000/- each; the total amount coming
to Rs. 25,000/-.
To carry out preparatory studies in different ty.pes of industrial situ-
ation, with a view to develop suitable project· proposals for under-
taking welfare programmes for women in the organised sector.
1. The Family Planning Foundation envisages to launch projects
(through interested institutions) on family planning for women in
the organised sector.
2. Generally speaking, the women in the organised sector, can be
pivided into two categories; women working in industry and wives
of the workers themselves. A big majority of these fall in the re-
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,prod\\1cti\\T~.age. gr~!J.p. Studies ,have' sho.wn ,that, these suffer from
low .chronic malnutrition due to low protein and'
calorie diet, high
;rate.; of ,pr~gnancy ,and proporiion~tely .hi¢i, ,rate of pregnancy
"o/~~g,e,an<i from variOl:ls,~ype$of,~seases dU,e~o po,or hygiene and
o' S8,Il!t,a,.t~tOi:n, the .other,hand, the progeny .o. f th~e w()men also suffer
from various types of deficiencies (9ften c()~enital) with conse-
quent adverse effects on their health, social and mental development.
3. There is 'a dearth of accurate inior~ation With regard to the wo-
,m~nin the industrial'sector like ,.their mariijl" status, pregnancy
wastage, fertility 'patterns, 'mortality' etc. Sufficient information is
not available either on aspects like work load on wc~n in different
segments or work force etc. In th~ absence of reliable information,
adequate measures for their welfare and development cannot be
planned.
.
.'
4. The industries in India' can broadly be divi'decf'into the following
categories:-
'
a. Public sector industries.
b. Industries in big and old cities.
c. Industrial estates.
d. Plantations.
e. Home-based industries.
f. Industries in which exclusively or mostiy women are employed.
Each of the aforementioned type varies in character, instituiional
set up and work conditions and, as such, special programmes of wel-
fare would have to be evolved out to suit the different situations,
,frQ-mplace ~o.place.
,
'5. The Foundation sanctioned five planning" grants to conduct' pre-
paratory studies to prepare programmes for 'women in different set
ups.
6. The FOlUldationalso informally interacted with the ILO arid the
Government of India in this matter and Wtial response has been
favourable. The II"O may respond" £avourablyf6r assisting there
projects as part of joint funding programme, provided the Govern-
ment of India agrees.
7. Suitable agencies/individuals are being identified to undertake
the initial studies.
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Title of
the project
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
To examine the role of Primary Health Centres as a functional
unit and that of the medical officer incharge of the PHCs as a popu-
lation 'control chief. More specifically, the study would take into
account the organisational cohesion, attitudes of the. staff, managerial
capacity of the chief, external influences and the· cost structure of
family planning.
1. Project Director ..
2. Research Associates.
1. The 'functions of th~PHC vary from clinical to public health ser-
vices on the one hand and nutrition to family planning on the other.
Originally, the PHCs were established to provide medical care. Later,
additional programmes were added making them multi-functic>naJi
units and, thereby, putting extra burden on the managerial capacity
of the medical officer. The performance of the medical officer, there-
fore, are conditioned by the organisational demands, work load, geo-
graphical coverage and similar ether factors. This makes it impera-
tive that a scientific study of their functioning with .particular ·refer-
ence to family planning be biken lip to. suggest improvements vis a
vis the assigned functions. .
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Brief
The project was Si:lIlctionedtowards the end of December, 1974 and
review of the the sanction letter was sent in January, 1975. No record of progress
progress
is available yet.
Title of
the project
Research in the Methodology of Health Delivery (a training pro-
gramme for the Community Nurses).
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
One year (the project is already in operation and is of three years'
. duration. The grant, however, has been requested only for one year) .
To develop a cadre of workers, designated as community nurses, who
could provide health and medical facilities to the people right
at their door steps. The experiment pertains to the training pro-
gramme being evolved and tried for the community nurses.
1. Project Director
2. Three full time teachers.
3. One full time research officer.
4. Some part time staff and guest trainers.
1. It is an action research project for the training of a new function-
ary, namely the community nurse, or the liaison worker between
the hospital and the community. This is a new concept in providing
health and medical care to people including health education. The
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programme attains considerable importance in the wake of new
policy of the Government of integrating family planning with health
services and introducing multi-purpose health workers in the field.
The duration of the training programme is of three years, after
which the community nurses would be posted in the field and assign-
ed specific areas of operation. The qualifications of these function-
aries would be the same as necessary for the pre-medical tests.
2. It has been assumed that proposed type of structure, with com-
munity nurses maintaining link between the people and the hos-
pital, is the only way to reach all the health and medical facilities
to the people.
3. The research part of the project consists of documentation and
evaluation of the training methodology, the programme operations
and impact of the health behaviour of the people.
4. It is believed that the WHO has also shown keen interest in the
proposal.
5. The sanction of the project was conveyed to Dr. Chandy in the
month of January, 1975. As such, progress of work after approval
of the project is not available.
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Population Council of India is visualized as a federating agency
for all the voluntary organisations in the field 9ffamily planning.
The Ccuncil expected an institutional support on a continuing basis.
The Foundation on the other hand, mainly. because of limited funds,
wanted to extend its help on the basis of merit.
The Population Council of India in the year 1972, submitted a
list of researchable topics. After a detailed review and interaction
with P.C.I., consensus was reached on an integrated health pro-
gramme which demonstrated maximum voluntary participation. Ac-
cordingly, the Foundation sanctioned a planning grant of Rs. 5,000/-
for preparing the design. The proposal, entailed a budget commitment
of more than rupees eight lakhs. The Foundation postponed taking
action on the project because of the high financial inputs involved.
The main handicap of the P.C.I. is the lack of requisite research ex-
pertise and also lack of finances, The Foundation had been constant-
ly interacting with the P.C.I. to evolve a way of helping the organi-
sation, without, in any way, committing its finances for a long term
on institutional development. The strategy thus formulated, is to
help the organisation by providing adhoc grant for one year to enable
P.C.I. engage suitable staff, which could be used for preparing re-
search proposals for one or two projects and consider those propo-
sals on merit. It was felt that this approach would help the P.C.I.
to establish, by employing suitable staff and later, sponsoring re-
search projects.
The sanction of the following two projects should be viewed in
the light of the circumstances described above.
Title of
the project
Integrated Health, Education and Family Welfare with Community
Participation.
Sponsored by Dr. B. N. Ganguli, on behalf of the Population Council of India, New
Delhi.
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Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
Rs. 3,00,000/- (The request was for a sum of Rs. 4,43,000/-. The over-
all expenditure on the project had been estimated to come to more
than Rs. 32 lakhs. The Foundation, however, had been requested for
smaller amount. It was hoped that several other agencies like the
Government of India and Delhi Administration would bear a
part of the expenses).
',:'
1. To evolve a comprehensive programme which could help in pro-
motion of family welfare planning, decrease infant mortality and'
morbidity, improve status of health and environmental sanitation,
and improve status of nutrition, particularly amongst mothers and
children.
2. To promote total family welfare including employment potential
and earnings of the members of the community and hence improv~-
ment in their economic status.
3. To demonstr.ate effective utilisation of an existing hospital as the
nucleus of services in health and medical care.
1. Although, the project entailed a commitment of more than Rs 32
lakhs, the Foundation was requested to finance only part of the pro-
gramme.The Foundation which sanctioned Rs. 3 lakhs, did so on
the condition that the PCI was able to secure a firm commitment
from other sources. In the absence of which, th~ Foundation agreed
to support one or two meaningful projects within the same budget.
~' The PCI failed to ensure support timm other sources and it gave
lIS to understand that for. the present it had given up the project.
3. The PCI again submitted a request for Rs. 25,000/- to organise a
similar programme on a smaller scale, around a voluntary clinic in
the Dasna village, in Meerut district of U.P. They wanted this grant
to take up preparatory activities and also to strengthen the services
of the clinic. An exploratory visit by the Foundation staff to the cli-
nic, however, was not encouraging and consequently it regretted its
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inability to finance the project.
4. The Foundation is still exploring ways to develop a few projects
by interacting with PCI. The grant of Rs. 3 lakhs sanctioned earlier,
still stands.
Title of
the project
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
To enable the Population Council of India to engage suitable core
research staff and develop one or iwo suitable project proposals.
1. In its meeting of January 29, 1973, the project proposal on 'Inte-
grated Health Maximising Participation of the Voluntary Agencies"
submitted by PCI, was considered by the Governing Board of the
Foundation. It was found to be a very high budget project which
it could not support. The Foundation, however, to help PCI appoint
suitable research staff, sanctioned a one time adhoc grant of
Rs. 45,000/-.
2. The PCI engaged one Research Director and one Research Asso-
ciate. They completed two studies and developed a number of pro-
ject proposals, for Foundation's assistance. The project proposal
(described under review XXXI) was, however, considered by the
Foundation.
3. Meanwhile, it is learnt that the project director left his position
with the PCI to join his original post with the Orissa Government.
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Title of
the project
Training of Rural Community Leaders in Population and )<'amily
Planning.
Sponsored by Commissioned by the Foundation through All India Panchayat Pari-
shad.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Stafting
pattern
Brief
description
1. To bring toget1:lerrural leaders and take them through a proce~s
of learning for creating awareness about the population problem,
mainly in the context of development.
2. To make the leaders aware of their own responsibilities to elicit
their support for such training programmes.
3. To impart necessary knowledge about family planning methods
and the process of individual group motivation and diffusion.
4. To make them aware of the importance and utility of family plan-
ning programmes for the welfare of the country and the associat-
ed problems of management, communication and importance of
the role of leadership in solving them.
1. The Governing Board of the }<'oundationapproved in principle, a
project on developing training programme for the young rural
leaders ('Preferably in the age group of 25-45 years) for involving
them in the programmes that support and promote acceptance of
family planning.
2. The programme is proposed to be taken up in a small area as· a
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pilot experiment. This would, it is hoped, help in developing suit-
able training programmes and evolve systems for implementing
it. This would have lessons for extension and replication.
·3. The methods of training were to be ·of a creative kind expected
to elicit maximum cooperation and involvement of the leaders.
A three-month period is envisaged for study cf the area and find
out allJthe demographic and developmental facts and these facts
could be woven into the training programmes, through imagina-
tive meth<>d!>G' roup qypaIllicl>tr~g would be used fer creat-
ing involvement. Six months is envisaged for the training pro-
grammes and another three months for follow up and writing.
4. The training programmes would iIWl~.Hibeoth institutional as wen
as perepetettic training. A group of leaders from several villages
would be trained at one central place. A mobile team for follow-
up would be organised.
5. An important aspect of this pilot experiment would be the follow
up and evaluation of the training programmes during and after
the experiment.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The Foundation has decided to assign this project to the All India
Panchayat Parishad, New Delhi.
2. The AIPP, after exploring the potential of leadership ~Ild its own
organisational strengths, decided to take up this programme in
Madhya Pradesh. The initial explorations and survey, indicate
towards district Vidisha as the· ideal place for carrying out the
training programme. This, however, is a,tentative selection.
3. In this coJ;ll).eCtiotnhe General Secretary' of the AIPP visited Bho-
pal aIld held discussions with some senior Government officials
connected with the Panchayat Raj and welfare activities. The re-
port cf the discussions has been received by the Foundation.
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Title of
the project
Study of Natural Family Planning Method; (Case study of rhythm
cum temperature method: family planning project in a Calcutta slum)
Sponsoredby Commissioned by the Family Planning Fo~ndation through Gandhian
Institute of Studies, Varanasi.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Brief
description
1. To a...c:sestshe technical feasibility of the method. This inter alia
included assessment of the success, the cost effectiveness arid the
psychosomatic after effects.
2. Assess the project performance. This included response by the
clientele, the cost and resource structure, the effectiveness of the
education and the resistances, and the replicability of the project
in other areas.
3. The response by the people of the slums, their reasons £Oraccept-
ing the method or for non-acceptance, attitudes towards the <agency
propagating the method and the programme etc.
1. Project director.
2. Investigators.
1. Rhythm cum temperature method is being popularised in a slum
of Calcutta, under a Catholic organisation called Nirmal Hriday
(Sacred Heart), as a means for family welfare under the guidance
of Mother Therese. Considerable popularity and effectiveness of
the method was claimed. The Fcundation decided to evaluate the
effectiveness of the method and the people's response towards it.
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2. The project was assigned to the Gandhian Institute of Studies to
conduct an evaluatory study of the programme.
1. The report has been received by the Foundation.
2. One of the major findings of the study is that the rhythm cum
temperature method has been found to be quite effective; the sue-
cess rate has been calculated to come to nearly 100%. On the basis
of this finding wide scale replication and propagation of this
method is recommended.
3. The Foundation got the report evaluated by two experts. While
one of them suggested modifications mainly for programme pur-
poses, the other raised some fundamental questions about the
success rate of the method itself. These comments and reviews
were sent to the author to incorporate necessary changes.
4. There would, however, be a need to look at the project, not only
in terms of success of the method, but also as an instance of suc-
cess of group motivation.
5. The follow up action has been delayed.
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Title of
the project
Sponsored by Dr. S. C. Kashyap on behalf of the Institute for Constitutional and
Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi (Dr. Phul Chand has taken over
as Director after Dr. Kashyap left).
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
1. To study and examine the national population policy from various
angles, namely, political, social and economic with reference to
the needs as well as means.
2. To survey and analyse the existing framework of law having a
bearing on population policy.
3. To evaluate the existing legal framework with reference to the
explicitly stated aims of legislation.
4. To analyse and identify the intended as well as the unintended
consequences of the existing legal framework.
5. To examine the administrative support available to the imple-
mentation of laws.
6. To examine the scope to design laws so as to encourage family
;p1anning.
7. To examine the areas of conflicts between provisions of different
laws so as to identify areas of legislation which need to be attuned
to the population policy.
8. To examine the gaps between the policy and the legal framework
so as to identify areas needing legislative action.
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Staffing
pattern
1. Project Coordinator-cum-Director.
2. Deputy ProJect Director.
3. Three senior research associates.
Brief
description
1. Pcpulation and legal framework in a given society interact and
seme time even the demcgraphic factors have a conditioning
effect on law. There is also a likelihood of legislative measures re-
sUlting in un-intended consequences since some of the socialle-
gislation, though not explicitly related, may have indirect impact
on the population problem. The need, therefore, is to survey and
analyse the existing legal framework, central as well as state,
statutory as well as administrative, having a real or imaginary
bearing on the population policy.
2. The study is primarily a libr.ary study and is aimed at exploring
the nature and extent of legislative support to population policy,
analyse lags between law and the policy and to examine various
alternative policies.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. Necessary research and administrative staff were appointed on the
project and were given an orientation in objectives of carrying out
the proposed study and methods adopted for it.
2. The first six weeks period was devoted to developing the research
design. Subsequently, data collection was undertaken and consi-
derable progress has been made in this direction;
3. A chapter scheme for writing the final report· has also been deve-
loped and the report is under preparation.
4. Because of the very nature of the study it was considered neces-
sary to collect data on administrative dimension. However, such
data is not available in any library. Gathering data from the state
governments proved difficult.
5. Final report is expected by the end of April 1975.
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Projects in the field of Communication
1"":;~ ~(i
~,
~
.",j
~~,-~:-: !'l.-~J
;t;;-.:~ •
Title of
the project'
..
.
Pro.,j~ct.-:X,X,~ :XVI
Sponsored by Mr.Rajive Jain, on behalf of the Centre for the Development of Ins-
tructional Technology (CENDIT), New Delhi.
Date of
sanction
Bud~et
Rs. 1,03,000/- (including the planning grant of Rs. 5000/-).
sanctioned
:~l.~i
Objectives To develop a media strategy for family planning communication, for
, ---, '~,.,."...... young married rural couples.
:(
Staffing
1. Part":time Project Director
pattern
2. Consultants
3. Programmes CoordiIlJa,tor
4. Research Associates and Investigators.-
Brief
description
1. This project is an outcome of the planning grant given to CENDIT
for developing a proposal on media strategy in family planning. The
Council for Social Development, New Delhi, collaborated in prepar-
ing the project design.
2. Family Planing communication in the country, to a considerable
extent, has failed to generate desired response from the people. It is
believed that, by and large, inadequate education which was not in
consonance with peoples' social and cultural life, was responsible for
it. It is also believed that education of the people is more important to
bring about desired behaviour change than mere emphasis on accept-
ance of family planning. In such a situation, an effective media strate-
gy, which is consistent with the attitudes, aspirations, perceptions,
expectations and culturalllife of the people, is needed.
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3. Presently, there is no mechanism to assess the effectiveness of the
available media material and to find out peoples' needs, for feed back
Jo develO'pmedia accordingly. There is also a lack of systematic ap-
proach to educate the target groups with accurate and valid informa-
tion. Hence, the need for such a project.
4. The project activities were divided into two phases. In the first
phase efforts were made to study peoples' attitudes, needs and de-
mands, evaluate the available material and study the reaction of the
official functionaries on the available media material. In the second
phase, efforts were made to develop suitable material and test its
effectiveness in the villages.
5. The Foundation, for the present, has sanctioned only first phase
of the study. The support to the second phase would be considered
after review of the work of the first phase.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The baseline survey, which included interview with the village
people, interviews with the official functionaries and, preview and
content analysis of the available media material, has been completed
and its report is being finalised.
2. About 70 films on family planning were previewed and a final se-
lection of 7 films was made to take up their evaluation. The idea was
to study different styles of film making and their thematic content.
This is expected to help in developing suitable media material.
3. The final report of the project and other individual studies are in
the last stages of finalisation.
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Title of
the project
Sponsored by Late Mrs. Mary Clubwala Jadhava, on behalf of the Guild of Services
(Central), Madras.
Date of
sanction
Budget
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
To evolve a :suitable training programme and educational material
to help volunteers take up pregnancy counselling amongst peoplf:>,
with a view to develop more responsible attitudes towards contracep-
tive practices and abortions. More specifically, the objectives of the
projec are:
1. offer training in pregnancy .counselling to housewives and women
community leaders to develop them as counsellors;
2. to assess the effectiveness of the training programme and the me-
thodology for training of the volunteers;
3. to develop a manual on pregnancy counselling; and
4. to assess the impact of the counselling scheme on the health and
family planning practices of the people.
1. Project Director.
2. Research Consultants
3. Trainer cum Supervisor
4. Honorary pregnancy counsellors.
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Brief
description
1. It has been estimated that prior to the Medical Termination of
Pregnancy Act, nearly six million illegal abortions took place in the
country. Eversince, the number of abortions being performed in the
hospitals is slowly growing.
Z,. Tl1~,pr~)Visionof easy servi~es.,00;. pr~gnancy termination develops
an apathetic attitude amongst people towards contraception and they
may take recourse to repeated abortions at the risk of their
health. As such, there is an immediate need to provide factually cor-
rect illiopriati.Ollildv;ice.;~~ services to people. The project aims at
training of the women volunteers from amongst the community mem-
bers and develop them as counsellors.
3.. ',rbe M.adf~S.cl:lppl of Social Work is providing research sup-
port to the programme.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. The baseline survey of the target population to get an idE-a
of the K.A.P., has been completed and the .report would be finalised
within a short period.
2. The staff of the project and the honorary volunteers have been
appointed and provided requisite training.
3. The training programme for the voluntary counsellors was syste-
matically evaluated and on the basis of it, a ref.resher course was also
organised.
4. As the subsequent step, the project staff organised meetings with
the community leaders and the resistant grou'pS of people.
5; Amoll8 the signi.fi~ant ~J,ldjngs,.,~wasdiscovered that a num-
peFIQf W;QPl~p,Nfh.ohaej dellJyed peric~ "were 8¢ng to quacks sus_
p,ecting pregnanC)f,\\The project. st~ff organised pregnancy detecting
s~~~ce,s at the clinic and it was i01;lndput tll,at a big majority of
them had not acually cenceived. This has helped to develop a good
image of the project in the area.
6.•.The vaccinatioq. status of the children.was very low and big majo-
rity of them had had, no vaccinations. The project personnel refer-
red such cases tQothe.hospital.
7'., Glne<;>f.tpeimpqrtant services .~ing provided under the project is
the ho,me t;ares~ryil:e.,Women,. wpo.desire to undergo pregnancy ter-
mination or wlu):.decide to take to l:1teriliJsation,are financially assis-
ted to arrange for some friend or relation of theirs to stay and look
after their homes and children. 'l:he concemed woman can recom-
mend the name and the project pays at the rate of Rs. 5/- per day,
upto the maximum of Rs. 15/-; .towards tl1.eremuneration of such
helpers. This has., p.elped a number. of. women to take a decision in
favour of sterilisation or termination of pregnancy.
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Title of
the project
,
(Futuristic oriented)
Sponsored b~' Commissioned by· the Foundation, through Dr. Asok Mitra, New
Delhi.
Date of
sanction
Budget.
sanctioned
Staffing
pattern
Hodef.
description
To assess the population growth in different geographical regions
and assess its implications for future, in terms of the strain on exist-
ing sectors of economy, alternate growth potential etc.
1. Honorary Project Director.
2. Assistant Project Director.
3. Research staff.
1. It has~en estimated that with the present rate of growth, India's
population would be nearer the billion mark by the turn of the
century. This calls for immediate attention for population plan-
ning. There is likely to be a heavy demand on the country's
already overstrained resources, at the cost of planned develop-
ment and general social welfare meaSures, if suitable population
policies are not evolved at this stage.
2. Under this study, all the relevant infe.rmation is being collected
and analysed for working out:
a. population projections for different regions;
b. projections for manpower availability and requirements in
main sectors of economy;
c. pressures on land and its effects on ecological balance; and
d. emigration, immigration and concentration of population in big
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metropolitan cities.
3. The study has been divided into the following three phases:
a. Reorganisation of census and other relevant data into predict-
able ecological regions from 1880 to 1971.
b. Analysis of the data.
c. Delineation of geographical and industrial configurations in
terms of:
i) growth of population within each of the regions by age, sex
and economy and the pressures on the resources of the re-
gion;
ii) realistic formulation of family planning policies and targets
for geographical areas;
iii) exploring possibilities of organising alternate growth points
or centres for reducing environmental degradation and
pressures on employment potential in the metropolitan cities;
iv) growth of population by age, sex, industry etc. for employ-
ment generation; and
v) investments on social welfare contributions of technology,
rates of absorption of technology and resistance to tech-
nology.
4. For the purposes of analysis, the entire country has been divided
into about 90 crop-soil-rainfall regions. The analysis of the data
would be taken both according to crop-soil-rainfall regions and ad-
ministrative divisions.
5. The study would have much wider scope than immediate concern
fQr population control.
Brief
review of the
progress
1. Identification of the sources of data and relevant literature has
been completed. Nearly, 5000 titles of books and other publications
have been listed. Their annotated bibliography and note of the im-
portant chapters are being prepared.
2. Full tables in the time series of 1872-1971, adjusted to 1971
boundaries, showing:
a. decadal changes in area;
b. variations in population adjusted to changes in area; and
c. distribution by rural urban, male and female, and for each
of them, have been prepared.
3. A unique set of tables showing changes in population of:
a. all towns and urban agglomerations that have been continued
without break since 1872; and
b. that have periodically appeared, disappeared and reappeared
in the census list; has been prepared.
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These tables have been prepared with the purpose of obtain-
ing clues to the possible behaviour of urban areas of various deno-
minations in the future.
4. In addition to the above, relevant research material/reports have
been collected f.romsources like Operations Research Group, the Ford
Foundation, the United Nations on projections of various lands etc.
A number of reports of task forces, steering groups of the plan-
ning commission etc. have also been collected. These mainly relate to
the activities of the Government. Similarly, material from the re-
ports and recommendations of various conferences and seminars, has
also been collected.
5. Preliminary analysis of the data, undertaken in conjunction with
other senior economist demographers, has indicated that the hypo-
thesis "growth and density of population would be positively related
to crop-soil-rainfall zones", appea.rs to be valid.
1. The Governing Board of the Foundation, in its meeting of Julv
12, 1973, sanctioned an amount of Rs. 1,25,000/- to commission and
organize a number of programmes in connection with the obser-
vance of the World Population Year. These programmes broadly fall
in the following three categories:
a. Sensitising and educating voluntary organisations engaged in
family planning.
b. Sensitising the academic, research and professional organi-
~ions so that they could play a meaningful role in the
challenge of population crisis.
c. Sensitising mass media to reflect more positive interest in the
population problem.
2. The Foundation supported the following programmes in this
connection:
a. Publications:
i) Population and Development-in India, 1947-2000. Com-
missioned through the Indian Association for the study of
Population. The book has been published.
ii) A study of history and role of the volunta.ry organisations
in family planning. Commissioned through Mrs. Kamla
Mankekar. The book has been published.
Iii) "Consequences of Rapid Population Growth", in popular
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stance. Commissioned under the joint authorship of Asok
Mitra, R. K. La~rilan linde. Correa; The work has been
postPoned for the present.
iv) Special publication of :the C.M.AI. Partially financed. The
bulletin· has been published giving the history of eight
years of family planning in Christi.an mission hospitals.
v) Special Population Issue of the journal of Y.W.C.A. entitled
I'Today". Partially' financed. Special issue has been pub-
lished.
..
vi) Special bulletin of the P.C.I. This issue was specially
brought out with focus on (1) Youth and Population; and
(2) role of voluntary organisations. Partially' financed.
vii) Special issue on World Population Year of the "Panchayat
Aur Insa'an", a journal ofA1PP. Partially financed.
viii) Studies in Family Planning in India by Dr. (Smt.) Kamala
Gopal Rao. Partially financed. The book has been pub-
lished.
b. Conferences and Seminars:
i) National Convention of the Panchayat Parishad convened
by the AI.P.P., at Lucknow. Partially financed.
ii) Legislators and Family Planning; convened by the Institute
of Constitutional and Parlimentary studies, Delhi.
iii) National Conference of Voluntary Organisations supporting
Family Planning.
The Foundation had sanctioned a grant of Rs. 25,000/- for
partially meeting the expenses on the above conference
organised by the F.P.AI., in case they needed additional
financial support. The F.P.AI: did not need it. However,
follow up work is needed in which the Foundation would
play its part.
c. Special activities:
i) Evolving a general programme for the All India Women's
conference, Y.M.C.A and a few other organisations to
activate their participation irl the field of family planning,
specially in connection with the World Population year.
ii) Special film high lighting the history, role and achievement
of the non-governmental agencies, working in the field of
family planning.
The Foundation interacted with the Government of India
and also with a private producer of feature films. This has
not materialised. The Foundation was able to consider some
programmes. No financial assistance was involved.