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PFI Annual Report 2009-2010 |
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Annual Report
2009-10
Population Foundation of India
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population foundation of India
Vision
Promoting, Fostering and Inspiring sustainable and balanced human
development with a focus on population stabilization through an enabling
environment for an ascending quality of life with equity and justice.
Mission
PFI will strive to realize its Vision by promoting and formulating gender
sensitive and rights based population and development policies, strategies
and programs.
To this end, it will
• collaborate with central, state and local government institutions for
effective policy planning, formulation and facilitation of program
implementation.
• extend technical and financial support to individuals and civil society
institutions and promote innovative approaches.
• undertake and support systems, action, translational and other forms of
operational research.
• create awareness and undertake informed advocacy at community,
regional, national and global levels for socio-cultural and behavioural
change.
• focus on un-served, under-served areas and vulnerable sections of society
and address the challenges of an emerging demographic transition.
• mobilize financial and human resources from all sources both national
and international.
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annual report 2009-10
Contents
PFI Governing Board and Advisory Council
Governing Board Chairman’s Address
From the Executive Director’s Desk
Programmes during the year:
(A) Reproductive and Child Health/family planning Intervention/
Action Research Projects:
(i) RCH/Family Planning Projects with Corporate Sector
• Swastha Aangan: Promoting Healthy Families in Uttar Pradesh
• Naya Savera II: Building on Gains and Addressing Gaps in Reproductive
Health and Family Planning in Rajasthan
• PARIVARTAN: A Family Welfare and Population Development Project in
Rajasthan
• Improving Reproductive and Child Health Status of the Tribals in
Noamundi Block in West Singhbhum District of Jharkhand
(ii) RCH/Family Planning Projects with NGOs
• Total Management of Essential RCH and Primary Health Care through
Public-Private Partnership: A Model and Innovative Project in Karnataka
• Advocacy to Action: Promotion of Maternal and Neonatal Survival in the
Tribal Areas of Rayagada District in Orissa
• Knowledge based Intervention for Reproductive Health Advocacy and
ActioN
• SAMWEDNA: Sub-center as Agency for Maternal Wellbeing,
Empowerment Demonstrated through NGO Assistance
• SWABHIMAN: Urban Reproductive and Child Health Programme with
an Empowerment Approach in Delhi
• Evidence Based Advocacy for maternal and Child Health Amongst the
Urban Poor of Vadodara City in Gujarat
• Reducing Reproductive Morbidity in Married Young Women in Rural
Maharashtra
• A Model Initiative to Ensure Quality Family Planning Services in
Uttarakhand
• Increasing Awareness of and Access to Contraception for Married
Adolescents Awareness on Reproductive and Sexual Health and
reduction of Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Adolescent Girls
of Ganjam District of Orissa
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population foundation of India
• Mobilizing the Unreached: Using Behaviour Change Communication
and Ensuring Quality Family Planning services through Boat Clinics
in Assam
(iii) MCH Star Projects
• Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening
• Concurrent Evaluation of the Reach, Effectiveness and Impact of the
Mukhya Mantri Janani Shishu Swasthya Abhiyan (MMJSSA) in Jharkhand:
An IndiaCLEN and PFI Study
(iv)New Initiatives in the Current Year
• Systematic Review of “Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness”
• Assessing the Needs for Periodic Training of ASHAs
• Letter of Interest for Bihar
• Health of the Urban Poor (HUP) Programme
(B) Advocacy and Communication Projects/Events
• Sustainable Action against Declining Sex Ratio at Birth in Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh and Punjab
• Advocacy for building supportive policy and programme environment on
rights based population and family planning /reproductive health issues
in India
• Regional Resource Centres (RRCs) for Bihar and Chhattisgarh
• Scaling Up Pilot Projects in Reproductive Health and Adolescent Health
in India
• Production and Management of a Radio Programme ‘Babli Boli’ for
Rural Women and Related Community Based Activities
• The Eleventh JRD Tata Memorial Oration
• World Population Day
(C) Endline Evaluation
• Promotion of Family Initiatives to Address Family Planning and Reproductive and Child
Health Needs through Increased Male Participation
(D) HIV/AIDS Programme
• The Global Fund Round 4 and Round 6 HIV/AIDS Programme
Publications During the Year
Accounts
PFI State Offices
Our Team
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annual report 2009-10
Governing Board
Mr Hari Shankar Singhania, who succeeded Dr Bharat Ram as Board Chairman in
September 2007, heads the Governing Board. The Board, with the advice of an Advisory
Council, determines the policies and programme strategies of the Foundation and sets
priorities. The distinguished members of the Governing Board as on March 31, 2010
are:
Chairman
Mr Hari Shankar Singhania
Vice-Chairman
Mr. B G Deshmukh
Members
Prof. Ranjit Roy Chaudhury
Mr. K L Chugh
Dr. Abid Hussain
Mr. R V Kanoria
Mr. Kiran Karnik
Begum Bilkees Latif (upto September, 2009)
Mr. J C Pant
Mrs. Nina Puri
Ms. Justice Leila Seth
Mr. Ratan N Tata
Mr. B G Verghese
Dr Vinay Bharat-Ram
Dr. M S Swaminathan (Permanent Invitee)
Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI (ex-officio)
Mr. A R Nanda, Executive Director, PFI (ex-officio)
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population foundation of India
Advisory Council
The Advisory Council, consisting of experts in related fields, such as Sociology,
Demography, Communications, Health Services, Environment, Education,
Management, Women’s Development etc. contributes to the formulation of
the Foundation’s policies and programmes. The distinguished members of the
Advisory Council as on March 31, 2010 are:
Chairman
Dr. M S Swaminathan
Members
Mr. T V Antony
Prof. G P Talwar
Mrs. Rami Chhabra
Dr. S D Gupta
Dr. B K Joshi
Dr. Usha R Krishna
Mr. Ajay S Mehta
Dr. Saroj Pachauri
Dr. Yash Pal
Dr. Ragini Prem
Dr. Gita Sen
Dr. K Srinivasan
Dr. Leela Visaria
Dr. Bobby John
Ms. Mirai Chatterjee
Mr. Yashodhan Ghorpade – representing the young people
Representative of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Mr. A R Nanda, Executive Director, PFI
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annual report 2009-10
Governing Board
Chairman’s Address
It is my pleasure to welcome you to the Annual
General Body Meeting of the Population
Foundation of India. This year’s Meeting assumes
greater significance as it marks the completion of 40
Years of PFI. It is thus appropriate that we take stock
of how far we have come, not just as an organization,
but also as a nation regarding family planning and
reproductive health issues and how to take it forward.
The Foundation keeps a close watch on the changes
that are taking place in the National and International
demographic scenario, plans its policies and priorities,
and fine tunes its strategic agenda and activities in
line with the changing perspectives and realities of the
ground situation. Initially, the Foundation supported
bio medical and socio behavioural research and action
demonstration projects and was called the “Family
Planning Foundation of India” to reflect our work and
priorities of those times.
In 1993 the name of the Foundation was changed
to Population Foundation of India from the earlier
name. This change in name was more than symbolic
because it reflected the Foundation’s broader vision
of the population issue. The Foundation increasingly
recognized that the population stabilization should
not be seen merely from the view of family planning
but rather as a function of overall health and social
development.
The Foundation’s mandate also underwent change
after the International Conference on Population
and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo, in 1994. The
foundation fixed afresh its priorities and thrust areas in
line with the suggestions and recommendations of the
Cairo Conference. Government also, following a major
review of the approach to family welfare and population
growth, began focusing on improving reproductive and
child health care facilities and discarding the earlier
target-oriented approach from April 1996.
One of the principal roles of PFI has been to extend
full support and provide guidance in formulating and
influencing Population policies and programmes. PFI
also serves as a catalytic agent to promote programmes
at different levels that are directed towards the goal
of population stabilization and development. In line
with the objectives of Reproductive and Child Health
Programme, our activities have been aimed at the
principles of client satisfaction especially in delivering
comprehensive and integrated high quality reproductive
health services.
The other thrust areas of the Foundation have been
to strengthen Non-government Organizations,
Community Based Organizations, Self-help Groups,
Panchayati raj Institutions and the organised sector
on Population, Health and Social Development Issues
with the Goal of Empowering the Community as a
whole. Advocacy and Communication of Population
Issues has also been a central feature of PFI’s Agenda.
While India’s population growth rate has been declining
over the years, the overall population will continue to
grow as over one-half of the total population is in the
reproductive age group. It is important that we take all
steps to reduce fertility rates among this age group for
achieving population stabilisation quickly. PFI has for
long held the belief that population stabilisation is not
just a technical problem requiring technical solutions.
It requires a multi pronged approach.
To start with, it is well known that there is a clear
link between child survival and fertility decline. As
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population foundation of India
mentioned earlier, PFI has been actively involved in
promoting RCH. This alone, however, is not enough.
We need to work both on improving child survival as
also on bring about greater awareness about methods
available to reduce unwanted fertility. PFI has also been
taking a strong advocacy approach to improve people’s
access, especially the women’s access to quality health
care.
Population Foundation of India’s activities are thus
now implemented within a wider canvas of population
stabilization and sustainable development. PFI has
adopted a gender sensitive and rights-based approach
and has been collaborating with Central, State and
Local Government institutions for effective policy and
programme formulation.
India is in the midst of a demographic transition.
Overall we are moving away from a high birth rate –
high death rate to one of moderate birth rate – lower
death rate regime. We still need to go through one more
stage before the transition can be completed. That is,
we need to move from moderate birth rate-low death
rate to one of low birth rate – low death rate regime.
At the same time, different States and regions are at
different stages of this transition. This is not surprising
given that India is known for continental dimensions
as also for its regional diversities.
PFI even while interacting and supporting National
Level policies and providing guidance on them has
not neglected the State Level issues. PFI has been
active in organising regional level conferences as
part of its initiative towards promoting advocacy and
communication of population issues.
To commemorate the 40th Year of its existence PFI
organised three regional conferences this year. The
first was organised for the Eastern States of Bihar,
Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal in Bhubaneswar in
February 2010 while the Second one covering Western
States of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan was held
in Pune in May 2010. More recently, in August we
organised the Third and the last one covering North-
Central States of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh and Uttrarakhand in Lucknow. The discussions
and insights from these provided useful and valuable
inputs. We plan to organise a National Conference in
Delhi in November 2010 to get a National Perspective
on the Lessons and Insights from the three regional
conferences. This we believe will help PFI to provide
suggestions and policy guidance to policy makers both
at the Central and State Government levels.
While on the advocacy issue it is encouraging to know
that PFI is the Secretariat for the Advisory Group on
Community Action (AGCA) of the National Rural
Health Mission (NRHM). With the Government
planning similar initiatives for urban slums, PFI looks
forward to working with the Government both in
terms of health for the urban poor and renewed efforts
in family planning. PFI has not only been supporting
governmental but also non-governmental organizations
and corporate bodies in their initiatives and activities
towards population stabilisation.
PFI has been identifying issues of both national and
state level significance and actively taking them up with
relevant stakeholders such as Parliamentarians, State
Legislators, Corporate Sector, Media, NGOs and other
Civil Society organizations. It has also been actively
promoting greater involvement of private sector towards
India’s aim for population stabilisation.
The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility may
have found increased recognition only recently but
the corporate sector in India has a long history of
commitment to social philanthropy thanks to the
belief that the creation of wealth is primarily geared
for social good. Population Foundation of India has
been fortunate to have received full support from the
corporate sector in its activities.
A recent Publication of the Foundation “Engaging
with Corporate Sector” released in 2008 highlights the
corporate sector’s support to PFI. I feel that PFI should
take up this aspect more intensely by giving greater
importance in PFI Agenda and activities. PFI can act
as a catalyst in accelerating corporate sector’s role in
population stabilisation.
Just to elaborate a bit, we can involve corporate sector in
a much larger measure in improving the public health
system. The sector has good managerial skills and they
can collaborate with State Government and the local
agencies to improve the functioning and management
of Primary or Community Health Centres and make
them into model Health Care Centres.
It is also important to keep in mind that while rapid
growth of population will continue to be a challenge
for India, yet if harnessed properly, the huge population
can become an asset. This is particularly so as the
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annual report 2009-10
working age population that is those in the age group
15-59 years in India is 57% of India’s total population.
The latest projection by Registrar General indicates
that this proportion is likely to rise further and reach
64% by 2026.
Clearly India can take advantage of this “demographic
dividend” as this is in the form of a supply side
potential. If they are provided with adequate job
opportunities then they become an important asset
for growth and development. It is good that the
Government has recognised this but personally I feel
that corporate sector has an important role to play in
converting this supply side potential into a reality and
make them an asset for the country’s development. I
will just give an example of what I have in mind. PFI
can also actively work in encouraging education and
vocational training especially for girls. It is my strong
belief that the changing scenario provides a challenge
as well as an opportunity for PFI to play a key role in
achieving the national agenda with full commitment
and renewed enthusiasm.
Acknowledgements
PFI is grateful to the members of the Governing Board,
Advisory Council, expert groups, social workers, health
professionals and NGO and Corporate partners who
have readily responded to our call for advice and
assistance in the true spirit of service for a cause of
national importance.
We are grateful to the various government departments,
particularly the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Prasar
Bharati, NACO, Office of the Registrar General of
India and the Planning Commission for their sustained
interest and co-operation in furthering the aims of
PFI. We are also grateful to the media- both print and
electronic who, in the recent times, have displayed
enhanced sensitivity to population, development and
gender issues, and helped build public opinion in
favour of determined action.
I wish to thank the partner donor organizations,
particularly The Global Fund, The David and Lucile
Packard Foundation, UNDP, The John D and
Catherine T MacArthur Foundation, USAID and Sir
Dorabji Tata Trust.
I take this opportunity to express the Governing Board’s
and my own appreciation of the excellent work put in
by Mr. A.R. Nanda, Executive Director of Population
Foundation of India. I also appreciate the staff of PFI
for their diligent efforts and who continue to discharge
their duties with enthusiasm and efficiency. I look
forward to new initiatives towards achieving the vision
of PFI.
Hari Shankar Singhania
Chairman
September, 2010
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population foundation of India
From the Executive Director’s Desk
40 Years of PFI: The Journey Forward
Born as Family Planning Foundation (FPF) on
October 12, 1970, the Population Foundation
of India (PFI) was the brainchild of late JRD
Tata and Dr. Bharat Ram. The idea emerged from
their experience of supporting social development
initiatives around their factory sites. They found the
large family size of factory workers often negated their
social and economic growth and from here the need of
paying serious attention to the idea of family planning
emerged. To address their concern they garnered the
support of a group of enlightened, socially committed
and philanthropically inclined industrialists and
founded the FPF.
At its inception the Foundation aimed to assist “all
non-official efforts in the country willing and anxious
to play their part, however small, in the great national
task of controlling the growth of our population and
helping millions of our people to plan the size of their
families”.
The passion with which the Foundation was born
is reflected in its very first annual report where the
members express the hope that “all those able and
willing to support worthy causes will realize that for
many years to come none will be more important to
future progress and perhaps even the survival of the
nation than the control of growth of its population”.
In its first year it focused on mobilizing grants and
resources for supporting research in the area of family
planning as well as rendering financial assistance
to approved family planning programmes being
undertaken by other organizations. Their efforts saw
them raise funds worth Rs.30 lakh from 147 business
and industrial houses, with donations ranging from
Rs.500 to Rs.3 lakh. They also received support from
There is no greater
obligation before every Indian,
individual or institution, able and
willing to help his country and its
people, than to make a contribution,
however small, to the national
cause and task of
family planning.
an international agency like the Ford Foundation
which not only contributed monetarily to this
enterprise ($200,000 (Rs. 14.4 lakhs) but also provided
support by 2 bungalows (free of cost) to house the ED’s
residence and the FPF office. They however, refrained
from seeking government grants to allow for greater
operational flexibility and pursue an innovative role.
1970s
The 1970s was a period where population growth was
seen as an obstacle to social and economic growth and
efforts were geared towards ‘controlling’ population. The
perspective of the FPF too reflected a similar viewpoint.
Their means of addressing the issue, however, differed
from that of the Government. As a non-governmental
organization they felt their role was to rise above the
mechanical workings of the government and adopt a
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annual report 2009-10
The population situation
in the country calls for a social
revolution by making family
planning a way of life. It is a
necessary condition for the social,
economic and cultural
uplift of the masses most of
whom are surviving below
the poverty line
(AR, 1972).
flexible and innovative approach to family planning.
They focused their effort on:
• Supporting research projects which were innovative
in approach, experimental in nature, developmental
in orientation or had demonstration or replicative
value
• Supporting family planning projects that are either
innovative, gap-filling, or had some implications
for population policy and programme planning
Their objective was to promote through research
and demonstration projects, family planning among
needy couples as a means of ushering in the small
family norm in the country. Their biggest challenge in
these early years was mobilizing financial resources. In
addition to motivating industrial houses to contribute,
efforts were also made to convince the government to
permit donations to be accepted from foreign sources
provided there are no strings attached.
Working in these early years was always difficult as
resources were limited, however, the excesses by the
government in mid 1970s made working on the issue
of family planning even more challenging, and yet
much more essential. At this point in time when the
family planning programme had come to a standstill,
the FPF rose to the occasion, motivating Voluntary
Organisations to work towards re-building the morale
In 1972 the first Advisory Council was
formed to help in assessing and evaluating
projects which are referred to the Foundation
for financial assistance.
In its first year the Foundation received 36
proposals, of which 11 were approved for
financial assistance.
of both the people and the administration and re-
legitimizing family planning in the eyes of the people.
An outcome was a foray by FPF into the field
of development communication on the specific
issue of family planning. It developed a number
of communication programmes, particularly for
policy makers and political leaders to stimulate their
meaningful involvement in family planning. It also
developed programmes to reach out to the people. A
brilliant example of this is the film ‘Parvati’ produced
by the Foundation in 1978. The film highlighted
the issue of the small family norm as part of the
developmental process with a village woman being the
main protagonist. The film won the National Award
for the best promotional film.
This period also saw a renewed focus in the pursuit
of known and tested methods of work and the
identification of new ways to realize population goals.
Implications of this period to derive future lessons were
also studied. The main areas that FPF supported were:
The role of VOs is not
only in practical imaginative
programmes, but also for
relegitimising family planning with
vigorous efforts in the eyes of the
masses and leaders
(AR, 1977).
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population foundation of India
• Integrated health care
• Biomedical research – reproductive physiology and
contraceptive technology
• Population education
• Pregnancy counseling
• Contraceptive practices
• Demography
• Studies on policy making and legislation
The far-sightedness of the Foundation was evident in
the fact that even in the 1970s it supported programmes
that focused on youth and adolescents and also on urban
centres – both issues that are considered of paramount
importance today. It supported a programme that
formed university population clubs where youth and
adolescents were oriented on issues of family planning
and a programme that supported Urban Community
Development. However, the biggest contribution of the
FPF in the 70s was in the area of biomedical research
where it not only focused on contraceptive methods
for women but also men. It also took policy advocacy
to a new level, when it formed an inter-disciplinary
committee to study the adequacy of the Sixth Plan
priorities and allocations. This was the first ever attempt
made by an independent organization to examine the
planning process with special reference to population.
In 1978, the FPF set a high powered independent
evaluation committee to review the policies and
performance of the Foundation. While commending
the Foundation’s performance the committee
emphasized the need for the Foundation to be more
goal-oriented, productive, efficient and economical. It
suggested the Foundation widen its base, increase its
visibility, undertake more effectual policy advocacy and
work towards replicating social action programmes.
1980s
The release of the Census results in 1981 shook the
nation out of a stupor. The census revealed that our
population was growing at the rate of 15 million
annually much more than the earlier projections of
12.5 million annually. The effect was renewed political
commitment towards family planning. Not only was
family planning included in the Prime Minister’s
20 point programme, but appeals were made to the
nation’s diverse political leadership to de-politicise
family planning and work unitedly for its promotion.
The government also set up a Population Advisory
Council to suggest changes in the infrastructure and
organization of family planning services to make them
responsive to people’s requirements. These efforts
resulted in the year 1982 being officially described as
“a year of retrieval of credibility” as the FP programme
re-established itself as a politically acceptable priority.
The Foundation’s role in bringing about this renewal
of commitment is noteworthy. A statement moved and
publicized by the Foundation first elicited the support
of leaders of 11 political parties that set into motion
the political consensus of support for the programmes.
Efforts at sensitizing the Indian Association of
Parliamentarians for Population and Development
(IAPPD) further stimulated action as the IAPPD
initiated extensive State wise campaigns on the issue of
family planning.
While the Foundation excelled at political engagement
and advocacy during this period, it also undertook
some innovative and pioneering efforts in the area of
research. Some key studies included:
• the role of incentives and disincentives in family
planning programmes
• infant mortality and its relationship with fertility
• pioneering bio-medical research on herbal
There is a need
to ensure evaluation
elements from the very inception
in the project design, developing
sound reporting and review
systems, conducting on the spot
evaluation, linking release of
funds with performance and
also developing methods of
terminal evaluation…
AR, 1981.
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annual report 2009-10
contraceptives, anti-pregnancy vaccine and
injectable male contraceptive
• Monograph on Population and Development
• Atlas of the Child in India
The excellence of the Foundation is evident from
the fact that they started looking at incorporating
meaningful monitoring and evaluation systems in their
own work as early as 1981. The terms ‘outcome’ and
‘performance linked disbursement’, concepts which
are in vogue today, were already a part of the FPF
vocabulary and continue so till date.
Adopting an open learning approach, the FPF also drew
from global perspectives and experiences. The World
Population Conference at Mexico City in 1984 provided
such an opportunity to learn from the experiences of
others. The lessons showed that countries with the
greatest success in slowing population growth generally
placed an equally strong emphasis on improvements in
education and status of women, together with a wide
availability of modern family planning methods. Taking
these lessons forward, the FPF started advocating
an integrated approach to family planning. Its focus
expanded to promoting, through action research,
family planning as a necessary and integral part of
maternal and child care.
1984 was also a year of organizational transformation
for the FPF. To streamline its own functioning it re-
organized its organogram introducing positions
for Director (Programme Development), Director
(Evaluation), in addition to the position of Director
(Communications) which already existed.
On the whole, the decade of the 80s was a period of
growth for the FPF. Its efforts started gaining recognition
both nationally and internationally. Nationally, the
government’s openness to the non-governmental sector
allowed the FPF to build an effective, cooperative and
collaborative relationship with the government. And
internationally, it gained increased access to both
knowledge capital and financial resources. Its increased
visibility is reflected in the fact that:
• The Foundation was called by the National
Government to assist it in the formulation of new
approaches and strategies to solve the population
question.
• It was asked by the PM’s Secretariat to prepare
a report on the effectiveness of current Family
Planning communication efforts and suggest
improvements in this area specifically, as well as
other measures to gear up the FP programme and
mobilize general support.
• It secured a massive scaling-up of one of its pilot
action demonstration projects through Govt. of
India funds supplemented by the funded institution
itself. The pilot, ‘Operation Concern’ – a project
with the Guru Milk Union, Bhatinda, involved the
milk cooperative infrastructure in family welfare.
…growth rate of population is strongly
influenced by activities in sectors such as
female education, maternal and child care,
reduction in infant mortality, raising the age
of marriage etc. Activity in these areas would
strongly support and influence fertility decisions
and this would in essence be a “beyond
family planning” approach… It is towards this
integrated approach that India must address
itself and even greater zeal than before. As
always NGOs have to be at the forefront of
these innovations…AR, 1984 and 85.
• It received a grant of $200,000 from International
Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada
for a collaborative study on infant mortality and
its relationship with fertility – a big and important
research enterprise.
• In 1986 United Nations (UN) approved the
Foundation as an Associate, which allowed it
free access to important documents, reports and
literature connected with FP/Population Issues.
It also meant that the Foundation would be
consulted on policies and development strategies
in this area.
• In 1987 it started a quarterly newsletter ‘Focus on
Population’
However, despite these successes, throughout the 80s
the FPF voiced grave concern over the inadequate
efforts and commitment on the issue of family
planning by the government as well as by other sectors,
especially industrial houses. It started advocating for
increased focus on the four/five northern states which
were showing high population growth rate, increased
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population foundation of India
engagement of the youth (it initiated a comprehensive
project with the Nehru Yuva Sangathan) and also
stepped up efforts to mobilize industrial leadership.
1990s
Family Planning as a concept gained new meaning
and scope in the 1990s. It expanded from its maternal
and child health lens to include a broader life cycle
perspective. These changes stemmed from learning
and experience across the world and articulated in the
1994 International Conference on Population and
Development (ICPD) in Cairo. The outcome was the
emergence of a perspective of family planning that
focused on being gender friendly and rights based. The
approaches to match this altered perspective included:
• Focus on unmet needs;
• Prevention and management of RTI/STIs;
• Prevention and management of unwanted
pregnancies;
• Focus on ensuring availability and utilization of
services;
• Focus on underserved and neglected populations.
Activities of FPF in the ‘80s
• Corporate sector partnerships – to
provide FP counseling and services on-plant
• Molding public opinion – village
panchayats, zilla parishads, state legislatures,
Parliamentarians
• Mass communication – award schemes
with AIR and DD, documentary and video films
(People show the way: UPASI Experiment;
Triumph over Rock), pamphlets, seminars,
workshops, symposia, conferences
• Bio-medical research: anti-pregnancy
vaccines, pregnancy testing kit
• Research studies and Diagnostic studies
on population
• Study on incentives vs. disincentives
– disseminated widely and covered in print
media as well as Doordarshan
• Actively involved in the formulation of 7th
(1985-89) and 8th (1992-97) plans
Calls for Action… 1980s
There is a need to “streamline services to ensure
proper medical support and follow up would go
very far to win the acceptance for other existing
available methods”.
“The challenge is to make family planning a
peoples movement”.
“There have been more than enough of studies,
declarations, discussions and debates on what
needs to be done at various levels and in regard
to the many complex aspect of the problem…
The time has come for the Govt. of India to
give… priority and urgency” to the issue.
“efforts have to be made to involve chambers
of commerce and industry persuading industrial
enterprises to provide on-plant family planning
counseling and clinical services, and stimulate
industry-related public agencies to assume a
more vigorous role in promoting FP”.
Dec 17, 1986… Land acquired by
the Foundation for its own office
Client satisfaction, quality of care, quality of family
planning services, safe motherhood and survival and
target free became the new family planning adages.
Keeping abreast with the times, Family Planning
Foundation changed its name to Population
Foundation of India in 1993. This change represented
a clear cut shift from the Foundation’s earlier
demographic goal of supporting activities aimed at
reducing population growth to supporting activities
aimed at improving the quality of their life.
In its new avatar, it expanded its thrust area to work
more among backward areas, urban slums and rural
communities. Furthermore, with the introduction of
the 73rd Amendment Act in 1993 which provided
constitutional status to Panchayats, it also started
working on training Panchayat representatives on issues
of reproductive health, family planning and maternal
and child health and nutrition. In addition, women’s
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annual report 2009-10
empowerment became a focus and programmes on
adolescent and young people a priority.
The 90s was thus a period where PFI built on its existing
strengths while incorporating new perspectives and
strategies. Its advocacy at the national level continued
as did its effort to engage with the corporate sector.
Some key efforts included:
• Submission of a memorandum with specific
recommendations to the Prime Minister. The
Memorandum not only urged the government
to increase allocations and concentrate efforts in
selected populous States in North India but also
freeze the number of seats in the Lok Sabha till the
population stabilized
• Seminars for Members of Parliament for building
political commitment to population programmes
• Initiation of a Lecture Series entitled ‘Encounter
with Population Crisis’ (1990-1994) wherein the
inaugural lecture was made by Dr. Norman E.
Borlauge
• Addresses at seminars organized by FICCI and
PHD Chambers of Commerce and Industry
• Development of collaborative projects with some
industries and industrial houses
In the action research projects supported by it,
PFI started focusing on integrated health and
development projects. This came with the realization
that sustainability was dependent on inclusion of
project components which would integrate social
and economic development with reproductive health
behaviour. Male involvement in Family Planning was
also promoted.
The 90s also saw PFI lose its Founder Board Chairman
Mr. JRD Tata in 1993. With his passing, PFI lost a great
visionary leader and its strongest advocate. His vision
of “advancing the cause of human welfare through
family planning” was however kept alive by PFI through
its continued efforts. In his memory PFI launched the
JRD Tata Memorial Oration Lecture Series in 1995 and
the JRD Tata Awards in 1997 for the best performing
States and Districts in the field of reproductive health.
The decade ended on a positive note with promising
policy developments on the issue of population in the
pipeline.
Decade of 2000-2010 – A new era on Population Issues
dawned in the Millennium decade. The Government
launched a National Population Policy (NPP) in
early 2000 stating clear population goals. Aside from
laying down goals, the policy also spelt out strategic
themes to achieve these goals. The Foundation
played a crucial role in formulating the National and
State level population policies, especially in M.P. and
U.P. by organizing conferences on Population and
Development issues that contributed to the Population
debate. The Foundation’s role was evident in the fact
that four of its Governing Board members and two
of its Advisory Council members were part of the
National Commission on Population formed by the
National Government.
Another victory for the Foundation was the continued
freeze on the number of seats in the Lok Sabha and
State Assemblies till 2026; an issue that PFI had been
advocating for a number of years. In this resurgent
environment, PFI framed its activities and future
directions to be in tune with the NPP. This meant its
work focused on:
• Empowerment of PRIs
• Networking with government and non-
governmental organizations
• Implementation of the Policy at the State level
• Management aspects of the Programme
• Development of Data Base at the Foundation
• Advocacy on role of Population on sustainable
development and environment
Activities in the 1990s
• More effectual Advocacy role in molding
community attitude in favour of FP as part of
development programmes
• Inducing political commitment towards
promoting RH/FP
• Involvement of the corporate sector in
promoting RH programmes
• Promotion of integrated health and
development action projects
• Promoting male involvement in FP
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population foundation of India
Responding to the changing environment and needs,
PFI further expanded the horizon of its work including
emerging priorities such as gender, HIV/AIDS, urban
health and scaling-up within its mandate. Its work on
the issue of sex selection and pre birth elimination of
females started in 2003. Focusing on areas where the
0-6 sex ratio was the lowest, it advocated the positive
value of the girl child, interlinking the issue of sex
selective abortion with human rights. Implemented in
three phases, the project covered 11 states and received
a resounding response. Infact it led to the emergence
of a strong demand to initiate action on this issue,
and in 2004 PFI for the first time moved beyond
advocacy to action at the district and levels below. It
launched the ‘National Advocacy and Communication
Project’ on the issues of missing girls, quality of care in
reproductive health services and law, policy and rights
under the United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA)
assisted CP-6’.
In 2005, when the government launched the National
Rural Health Mission, PFI extended technical support
to the government in strengthening its initiatives under
the Mission. The government welcomed its support
and appointed PFI as the Secretariat for the Advisory
Group for Community Action (AGCA) under NRHM,
a role that it continues to play till date.
With NRHM providing space for innovation, PFI
decided to build its own capacities as a resource
organization with the objective of promoting NGO
innovations and pilots within the government system.
In 2006, the MacArthur Foundation supported it to
take forward efforts to ‘scale up’ reproductive health
and adolescent health pilots in India. The grant
led to the development of a strong partnership with
Management Systems International, an international
consultancy organization which had developed a
Scaling-Up Management Framework. With MSI’s
technical support, PFI learnt to use the framework
to effectively scale-up evidence-based models like the
Home Based Newborn and Child Care (HBNCC)
model of SEARCH, Gadchiroli. Today, PFI with over
four years of experience in scaling-up management is
on its way to establishing itself as a centre of excellence
on scaling-up.
PFI’s growth as an advocacy organization during this
period was immense. It became part of a number of
alliances and networks for advocacy and action such
Some Milestones…
1990… PFI moves into its own building
in the Qutub Institutional Area.
1995 - JRD Tata Memorial Oration Lecture
Series launched.
1997 - JRD Tata Awards initiated: Kerala
won the inaugural award for the best
State while the districts of Pallakkad,
Chidambaranar and Kurukshetra won
the award for their respective population
categories.
Eminent Speakers…
JRD Tata Memorial Oration
1995 – Mr. Ramakrishna Hegde
1996 – Mr. Chandra Shekhar
1997 – Dr. (Mrs.) Najma Heptulla
1999 – Mr. I.K. Gujral
1999 – Dr. Nafis Sadik
2000 – Mr. K.C. Pant
2001 – Mr. Digvijay Singh
2003 – Dr. Manmohan Singh
2005 – Mr. Somnath Chatterjee
2008 – Jamshed J. Irani
2010 – Dr. Nitin Desai
as the National Youth Alliance and the White Ribbon
Alliance for Safe Motherhood. In addition, with the
support of the Packard Foundation, it strengthened its
advocacy efforts and carried out intensive campaigns
to promote the rights of young people to health care
and education in the States of Bihar and Jharkhand. Its
endeavors saw both the State Governments approach
PFI for technical support in developing their youth
policies. Today, the youth policy in Jharkhand has been
approved and PFI is supporting the government in the
development of its implementation plans.
The mid 2000s also saw PFI take a major leap both
financially and technically. It became the prime
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annual report 2009-10
Continued Focus…
• Policy Advocacy
• Partnerships
• Capacity Building
• Service delivery
• Research and Documentation
• Quality of Care
recipient of the Global Fund Project on HIV/AIDS
– Access to Care and Treatment in 2005. Its focus
widened and it started working on HIV/AIDS with
the hope of one day integrating it within the broader
context of maternal and child health. Implementing
Global Fund’s Round 4 and 6 HIV/AIDS program, PFI
expanded its coverage to 14 States in India. Through
the programme PFI complemented the national Anti-
Retroviral (ARV) Treatment roll out by National AIDS
Control Organisation (NACO), and reached out to the
People Living with HIV/AIDS in these States.
Around the same time it also started focusing its
attention on the issue of urban health. Although PFI
had been supporting small scale NGO led urban health
projects over a decade, it had achieved limited success
in mobilizing government attention and resources on
the issue. With the launch of the NRHM a demand for
a similar effort in urban areas was regenerated and this
time it caught the attention of both the government
and international funding agencies. In 2009-10 PFI’s
persistent efforts in this area were recognized and
PFI is currently supporting People Living with
HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) through 200 District Level
Networks (DLN) of PLHIV and 70 Community
Care Centres (CCC) promoting access to care
and support services.
it became the prime recipient of the USAID Health
of the Urban Poor Programme – a momentous
achievement for PFI. Through the program PFI
envisages the development of a responsive, functional
and sustainable urban health system that provides need
based, affordable and accessible quality health care and
improved sanitation and hygiene for the urban poor in
eight States and three cities.
The decade of 2000 has thus in many ways been a
period of renaissance for PFI. Its financial turnover
over the decade increased from Rs. 4.5 crores annually
to Rs. 67 crores and is expected to remain in the
range of Rs. 80-85 crores over the next 5-6 years. Its
staff strength expanded from 25 members to more
than 100 including staff at headquarters, regional
and field offices. Its scope of work expanded from
population and maternal and child health to include
related issues like HIV/AIDS and gender. Its technical
capacities increased to include knowledge and skills
of urban health and scaling-up management. It built,
participated and facilitated a large number of alliances
and networks on the issues of population, reproductive
health and HIV/AIDS globally, nationally as well as in
states and within regions, increasing its outreach and
strength. It considerably increased its interface with the
government, gained national and global recognition and
garnered the support of many international agencies.
Drawing strength from what it has achieved, PFI
today strives to continue its journey in the next
decade… a journey to achieve its vision of Promoting,
Fostering, Inspiring sustainable and balanced human
development with a focus on population stabilization
through an enabling environment for an ascending
quality of life with equity and justice… a journey that is
a mélange of hope and anxiety.
September, 2010
A.R. Nanda
Executive Director
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population foundation of India
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I inuite corporate India to be a partner in making ours a
more humane & just society. We need a new partnership
for inclusive growth based on what I deseribe as a ten point
social charter
Manmohan Singh
Reproductive and Child Health/
Family Planning Intervention/
Action Research Projects
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RCH/Family Planning Projects
with Corporate Sector
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annual report 2009-10
Swastha Aangan:
Promoting Healthy Families in Uttar Pradesh
Goal
The goal of the project is to achieve sustainable improvements in RCH
indicators through consolidation of the gains and learning of the 1st
phase of the project (Oct.’03-Mar’07) and by building mechanisms,
processes and linkages with community based organizations and
other institutions.
This project is a sequel to the project ‘Intensive
Family Welfare Programme (IFWP)’ implemented
by Tata Chemicals during December 2001 -
April 2007 in 50 villages of Gunnour block of Badaun
district, Uttar Pradesh. The project was able to achieve
significant gains on selected RCH indicators viz. couple
protection rate, child immunization, proportion of
safe deliveries etc. One of the major objectives of the
current phase is to consolidate these gains and sustain
the benefits of the IFWP with active participation and
involvement of the community.
The three year (November 2007 to October 2010)
project aims at achieving sustainable improvements in
reproductive and child health indicators by creating
community based mechanisms and linkages for
increasing access to quality RH/FP services, bringing
desired behavior changes and promoting use of
modern contraceptives by offering a basket of choice
and facilitating informed choice. The key strategies
under the project include: strengthening Village
Health & Sanitation Committees (VHSC), awareness
generation on RCH issues, improving accessibility
to family planning methods through “Parivar Kalyan
Kendras”, and influencing health seeking behavior
through behavior change communication.
The project works through a team of ten Cluster
Coordinators (each responsible for five villages)
and 65 community health workers (many of whom
are ASHAs) under the leadership of the Project
Coordinator. Under the project, Parivar Kalyan
Kendras (PKKs) have been established in each project
village to increase community’s access to contraceptives.
PKKs are run by a Swasthya Mitra (male volunteer),
who works in close coordination with ASHAs/
Village Level Motivators (VLMs) and is in charge
of social marketing of contraceptives and other
health products.
During the period under report, activities were
undertaken with a focus on capacity building and
behavior change communication. In the month
of April 2009 , the project team attended a two day
workshop on “Quality of Care in Reproductive and
Child Health” organized by PFI to build the capacities
of the project staff working on its different projects on
the issue of quality of care.
Intensive efforts were made to build the capacities of
the Village Health and Sanitation Committees, which
included a one day orientation of members of VHSC
in May 2009. It was the first time in the district that
the Chief Medical Officer (Badaun), Pradhans, ANMs
and members of VHSC participated in an open
discussion on various health issues. Susequently, a
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population foundation of India
A man can buy the luxuries in life with money but not
satisfaction. The satisfaction of carrying a woman
in labour to a health facility is unparalleld.
Umesh, a taxi driver
and also an active VHSC member from village Faridpur
one day consultation with Pradhans and Development
Officials was organized to deliberate on ways for
strengthening of VHSCs in June, 2009. This was
followed by an intensive five day training workshop
on strengthening the VHSCs in September, 2009.The
highlight of the workshop was active participation of
women, members of the Panchayati Raj Institutions,
government health officials and its functionaries.
Project Staff and selected VHSC members were taken
on an exposure visit to the PATH and VISTAAR sites
in Lucknow district. Both the organizations are working
intensively with the community based organizations
like Mothers’ Groups to reduce maternal and
infant mortality.
Another innovation in the project includes couple
workshop. Learning from highly successful
experiences with ‘Spandan’ exercises at Tata Chemicals
Plant in Gujarat and other places, Couple Workshops
were included under the project. The first Training
of Trainers (ToT) workshop was held in December,
2009. Ten couples and ten project staff participated
in this exercise. The workshop was facilitated by Akar
Charitable Trust, Ahmedabad.
In order to further strengthen the staff (Coordinators
and ASHAs) capacities, a two day training on
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Community
Needs Assessment (CNA) techniques was also organized
In March, 2010.
The capacity building efforts were supplemented by
intensive IEC and BCC activities. Events like the World
Breast Feeding Week, International Women’s Day,
the World Health Day, Water, Health & Sanitation
Day and the World AIDS Day were observed through
organization of rallies, swathya yatras, film shows, street,
puppet shows, blood donation camps etc. The events
were utilized to raise awareness on safe motherhood,
family planning and child care issues.
Service delivery through mobile health team continued
to supplement the government efforts at improving
accessibility to Reproductive and Child Health Services
in un-served areas. During April 2009 - March 2010, the
mobile clinic team held 507 health camps benefiting
4029 persons. Institutional delivery has reached to
almost 50 percent. Out of the 203 tubectomy operations
s performed at CHC Gunnour, 153 (75 percent) were
from the project area and during the year men were
successfully motivated for 80 Non Scalpel Vasectomy
by the project staff.
Objectives
• To create community based mechanisms and
linkages for increasing access to quality RH/FP
services.
• To bring about desired behaviour changes
among eligible couples (women in the age
group of 15-49 years of age) through integrated
IEC package and increasing involvement
of different stakeholders at the family level
on Family Planning/ Reproductive and Child
Health.
• To promote use of modern contraceptives by
eligible couple by providing a basket of choice
through strengthening Parivar Kalyan Kendras
and appropriate referrals.
• To document learning, processes and good
practices for replication and scale up.
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annual report 2009-10
Naya Savera II:
Building on Gains and Addressing Gaps in
Reproductive Health & Family Planning
The present project is a sequel to the previous
four year project implemented in 10 villages of
Pindwara Tehsil of Sirohi district, Rajasthan
from 2004 to 2008 in partnership of JK Laxmi Cements
Ltd. The program aims to supplement government
efforts at providing quality reproductive health services
in un-served and underserved areas. The current phase,
started in August 2008, extends to 16 villages (with
inclusion of six new adjacent villages) and caters to a
population of 50,000.
The key strategies under the project include: increasing
health system engagement in provisioning of reproductive
health services through strengthening Village Health and
Sanitation Committees (VHSCs) and providing quality
reproductive health services in un-served and underserved
areas, preparing adolescents for responsible parenthood,
Goal
The goal of the project is to sustain and improve
upon the gains made in the previous phase and
extend the project activities to six new villages.
Objectives
• To increase the acceptability of and access to
family planning methods by promoting informed
choice and Behavior Change Communication.
• To ensure quality reproductive and child health
services through mobile clinic and improved
linkage with the government.
• To prepare unmarried adolescents for
responsible parenthood by increasing their
knowledge on ARSH issues and imparting life
skills.
• To document the learning, processes and good
practices for replication and scale-up.
expanding accessibility to contraceptives through depot
holders and social marketing and undertaking IEC and
BCC activities to increase awareness and bring about
desired health seeking behavior.
During the year under report, the project continued
to focus on awareness generation on Reproductive and
Child Health issues through group and one to one
meetings, IEC activities such as rallies, healthy baby
shows and video shows. The project team organised
891 meetings with Mahila Mandals (attended by 11,766
women), and facilitated 43 meetings of VHSCs wherein
315 members (263 women) were present. 31 video shows
were organized, where 4393 persons participated.
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population foundation of India
The project identified and trained 320 peer educators,
half of whom were girls. 117 meetings were organized
with peer educators under the Adolescent Reproductive
and Sexual Health Program (ARSH).
During the year under report, 10 capacity building
programs were organised for the project staff, VHSC
members, adolescents and village level motivators.
The major capacity building efforts included: a three
day workshop on Quality of Care organised by PFI
at Delhi; one day Refresher Training of project staff
on ARSH, training of adolescent peer educators on
ARSH, and a three day exposure visit to PATH sites in
Uttar Pradesh for project staff. The project ANMs also
received an intensive 6 day training on IUD insertion
and other family planning methods at ARTH, Udaipur.
The project ANM and Coordinator attended a one
day workshop on Quality of Care in Reproductive
Health organised by SARAD SANTHAN, Sirohi. The
workshop was facilitated by ARTH, Udaipur.
Service delivery in un-served and underserved areas
is the key intervention under the project. During the
year, the mobile health team of the project conducted
618 health camps benefitting more than 7000 persons.
The health team conducted ANC checkups for 1611
pregnant women and PNC check-ups for 1362 women.
As a result of persistent efforts at awareness generation,
the proportion of pregnant women registering in the
first trimester has reached 73 percent and institutional
deliveries to more than 80 percent and 100 percent of
the women delivering in the project area get post natal
care within seven days of delivery. Most importantly,
during the year, the project has been able to motivate
791 couples for use of a modern contraceptive, that
too in a society, where sterilization and any kind of
contraception was a taboo.
Family Planning Acceptors
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
New Acceptors
April-June, ‘09
New Acceptors (cumulative)
Total Acceptors
July-Sept. ‘09
Oct.-Dec. ‘09
Jan.-March, ’09
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annual report 2009-10
PARIVARTAN :
An Integrated Family Welfare and Population
Development Project in Rajasthan
The district Rajsamand has one of the worst
Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)
indicators in the country. In the year 2004, PFI
joined hands with JK Tyres Ltd., Rajasthan, which has a
tyre manufacturing unit, to undertake a five year project
to improve the quality of life of the people surrounding
their plant. The project started with 32 villages and
28 more villages were added in 2007 taking the total
number of villages under the project to 60, covering
a population of approximately 45,000. The projects
aims at integrated development by raising awareness
on Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) issues,
providing quality RCH services including offering a
basket of contraceptive choice and creating need based
social infrastructure. During the year, the project was
given a no-cost extension till January 2011 and added
focus on strengthening Village Health and Sanitation
Committees (VHSCs); empowering adolescents; and
Goal
The goal of the project is to improve the
reproductive and child health status in 60 project
villages through integrated approach of awareness
creation, service provision and taking up need
based socio-economic development activities.
Objectives
• To raise awareness and knowledge of the
community on RCH issues, general health
through IEC and BCC (Behavioral Change
Communication) programs.
• To provide quality RCH services through mobile
health team.
• To take up socio-economic development
activities to enhance the effectiveness and
acceptability of the program.
• To document the learning, processes and good
practices for replication and scale-up.
facilitating Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) to improve
quality of Reproductive Health (RH) service delivery and
developing a computerized Management Information
System (MIS) for the project.
In April 2009, the project team conducted an
opinion survey in three project villages to gauge
people’s perception of the project activities and assess
sustainability options. The survey clearly highlighted
the very high value attached by community to project
activities and their willingness to pay for the mobile
health services.
In order to ensure effective roll out of Adolescent
Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) and Village
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population foundation of India
Health and Sanitation Committee strengthening
programs, Training of Trainers (ToT) Programs for
project staff were organized with support from external
consultants. Three active members from Village Health
and Sanitation Committees went on an exposure visit to
the SURE START and VISTAAR project sites in Uttar
Pradesh along with two senior project staff to assess the
operationalization of these committees. The VHSCs
have been activated in all 60 villages. The Village Health
Motivators, who are the backbone of the program, were
given regular training during monthly meetings. The
Project Coordinator and the Social Worker visited PFI’s
Naya Savera (another corporate project of PFI) in Sirohi
district to learn from their experience from roll out of
new MIS.
Intensive IEC activities were carried out. These included:
wall paintings in every village, healthy baby shows, video
shows, rallies of school children besides the regular
house to house contacts, group meetings of pregnant
and lactating women, adolescent boys and girls etc. PFI
also provided a set of 10 CDs on selected RCH themes
for the video shows.
Under the social infrastructure development activities,
work on four projects was completed while five new
projects were sanctioned.
During the year under report, the mobile health team
conducted 422 health camps benefitting more than
7000 people of whom a majority of the beneficiaries
were women coming for RCH services.
As a step towards increasing collaboration with the
government health service providers, the project has
initiated, from April 2009, holding health camps with
support from the government Auxiliary Nurse Midwife
(ANM) and 6 such health camps were held in April
itself.
The project aims to achieve its goal by increasing
awareness and knowledge on RCH, providing quality
health and family planning services through mobile
health team and creating community assets for
sustainable development.
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Improving Reproductive and Child Health
Status of the Tribals in Noamundi Block,
West Singhbhum District of Jharkhand
The state of Jharkhand ranks as one of the most
backward amongst the eight Empowered Action
Group (EAG) states. The West Singhbhum
district is particularly underdeveloped with regard
to Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) and other
development indicators and suffers from high infant
and maternal morbidity and mortality.
PFI partnered with Krishi Gram Vikas Kendra (KGVK),
the Corporate Social Responsibility wing of USHA
MARTIN Group of companies, who are engaged in
iron ore mining and steel manufacturing activities in
the region, to work in 34 most backward villages spread
over in the blocks of Noamundi and Manoharpur in
West Singhbhum district. The area has very poor access
to health services and is predominantly inhabited by
the “Ho” tribe, who harbor several myths about disease,
health and other aspects of life.
The five year project launched in May 2007 aims at
bringing about sustainable improvements in health and
RCH indicators by increasing awareness, improving
availability of and accessibility to health services and
organizing and mobilizing community for better health.
The key processes under the project are: capacity
building of the project staff, facilitating Saahiyas to
work on maternal and child health issues, undertaking
intensive IEC activities, strengthening Village Health
and Sanitation Committees and delivering RCH
services through mobile health team. The project works
through Saahiyas (ASHA equivalent) and Male Health
Workers at grassroots level.
During the year under report, two refresher trainings
were organized for Saahiyas and members of Village
Health Committee members. The trainings focused
on utilization of untied funds for VHSCs, formation
of Village Health Fund and information on key
government health schemes (e.g. JSY). Since the area
is endemic to Malaria, spray of DDT powder, use of
para-kit and chloroquine tablets was also explained
to Saahiyas. A one day orientation training on HIV/
AIDS was organized for project staff with support from
Cordaid.
In order to build the capacities of adolescents, a two-day
peer educators’ training was organized at PFI Ranchi
office. 32 peer educators from 16 villages attended the
program. The training focused on mental and physical
changes during adolescence, importance of balanced
and nutritious diet, symptoms of common diseases and
their preventive and curative measures.
Awareness generation on key health issues continued
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population foundation of India
throughout the year with the organization and
observation of important days and events. The project
observed the Safe Motherhood Day on April 11, 2009
at Tontoposi village to increase public awareness on
the need to make pregnancy and childbirth safe for all
women and newborns. The Mothers’ Day was celebrated
on 12th May at Bokna. Top officials from USHA
MARTIN group were present on the occasion and paid
tribute to the mothers. The project also celebrated the
World Breastfeeding Week at Nuiyan village, wherein
43 mothers participated in a healthy baby show. The
program increased their knowledge on breastfeeding,
immunization and nutritious food.
As a result of capacity building and constant advocacy
with the system, 15 Village Health and Sanitation
Committees received Rs. 10,000/- as untied fund. The
fund is being utilized for DDT spray at household level,
repairing of hand pumps and awareness generation
program at school level.
One of the important achievements of the project
during the year has been the successful roll out of
‘Cohort Based Pictorial MIS’. The pictorial system of
data collection allows even illiterate Saahiyas to make
accurate report.
To ensure regular weight monitoring of children, 14
Salter Weighing Machines were supplied to Anganwadis
in the project villages.
During the year, the project health team conducted 74
health camps benefitting 8083 patients. The project
identified 1308 pregnant women and provided ante-
natal care to 714 women. It also motivated 1345 couples
for contraception.
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annual report 2009-10
RCH/Family Planning Projects
with NGOs
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population foundation of India
Total Management of Essential RCH and Primary Health
Care through Public-Private Partnership: A Model and
Innovative Project in Karnataka
Karuna Trust, a Bangalore based reputed non
government organization, has been managing
remote Primary Health Centres in Karnataka
since 1996 under the Public Private Partnership (PPP)
program of the Government of Karnataka, when they
took over the Gumbali PHC in Chamrajnagar block of
Mysore district. PFI partnered with Karuna Trust, since
May 2006, for a five year project with the objective of
adding value to the process at 7 PHCs (including their
39 Sub-Centers), being managed by the Trust. The
project covers a population of more than 2 lakhs from
six socio-economically backward districts of northern
Karnataka: Bijapur, Bellary, Bagalkot, Bidar, Raichur
and Gulbarga.
The project aims at strengthening systems, structures and
governance mechanisms through increased community
participation and building capacities of PHC and Sub-
Centre staff at all levels on Reproductive and Child
Health (RCH), rational use of drugs, laboratory services,
Goal
The goal of the project is to demonstrate models
of Primary Health Centres which effectively
deliver the essential RCH and primary health care
services in seven PHCs of Karnataka.
Objectives
• To manage routine functioning of select
government Primary Health Centers and
strengthen them in to model PHCs.
• To maximise utilisation of RCH services at the
Sub-Centers of the select model PHCs.
• To influence and facilitate change for improved
health seeking behaviour in the communities
covered by the model PHCs.
waste management, gender issues, preparation of village
plans, managing information system, administration
and influencing community health seeking behaviors.
PFI is also providing technical support to Karuna Trust
in scaling-up this value added model.
This was the third year of the operation. Arrangements
like 24x7 services with laboratory facilities, systems
for effective drug inventory management (Bin Cards),
scientific disposal of hospital waste, which had been
introduced across all the 7 PHCs continued to operate
well throughout the year. During the year, all the seven
Village Resource Centres (VRCs) set-up with the support
from Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) were
made operational. Arrangements for privacy during
gynecological and ante-natal examinations and facilities
for safe abortions have been provided. The PHCs are
now identifying and recording cases of Violence Against
Women (VAW).
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annual report 2009-10
During the year, capacities of medical and paramedical
staff were built on Community Needs Assessment
Approach, Computer Based Management Information
System developed with support of Indian Institute of
Management, Bangalore. Medical officers and staff
nurses were trained on ‘Emergency Care’ including
obstetric and neonatal emergencies. All the PHCs were
equipped with an ‘Emergency Kit’. Medical Officers,
other paramedical and administrative staff were given a
three day orientation on Gender and Violence Against
Women (VAW).
In a unique endeavor, Karuna Trust organized a three
day training program on IEC for its staff at PHC
Kannur. After the training, the entire team conducted
IEC activities in the PHC’s jurisdiction. The core IEC
training team conducted the one day training while the
VHSC mobilized resources and facilitated the programs
in the next two days. Refresher trainings on MIS and
gender sensitive primary health care were organised
for Medical Officers from all the PHCs managed by
Karuna Trust. While the training on ‘MIS’ focused on
validation of data collection, consolidation, analyzing
performance and planning accordingly, the training on
‘Gender’ focused on issues of sex-gender differentials,
gender equity and equality, indicators for gender
sensitive PHC etc.
During the year under report, the seven PHCs treated
1,30,948 out door and 6,227 IPD patients, conducted
3948 deliveries and referred 225 high risk pregnant
women. On family planning front, the PHCs provided
Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device insertion services
to 470 women and tubectomy services to 1254 women.
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population foundation of India
Advocacy to Action:
Promotion of Maternal and Neonatal Survival in the
Tribal Areas of Rayagada District, Orissa
The state of Orissa had the highest Infant Mortality
Rate (IMR) (83/ 1000 live births) in the country
as well as a high Maternal Mortality Ratio
(MMR) (470/ 1 lakh live births). The IMR however,
varies district wise in the state with higher rate in tribal
areas. Coverage of ante-natal care is also lower among
these groups. Mountainous geography and other reasons
have led to lower access to and utilization of health
care services. Outreach health services: identification
and early registration of pregnancy provide them with
essential antenatal services, which hardly exist.
The project aims to address the three critical delays
responsible for maternal and neonatal deaths: the delay
in decision making, delay in transportation and delay in
getting services at the health centers. The project is being
implemented in partnership with Orissa Voluntary
Health Association (OVHA). OVHA is one of the
oldest state level Federations of the health NGOs (Non-
Government Organization) in Orissa. The project focus
on Bissamcuttack and Muniguda blocks of Rayagada
district of Orissa covering 60 villages with a population
of about 30,000. The tribals in this area are considered
to be one of the most underserved populations in the
State. This three year project initiated in October 2006
(received no-cost extension till June 2010).
The tracking of pregnant women for ante-natal care,
referral and safe delivery and community mobilization
are the primary project strategies of the project. A cadre
of 60 Community Health Volunteers (CHVs), one
from each village, were identified and trained on the
government schemes, reproductive health (RH) issues
and in using Community Needs Assessment (CNA)
formats for collection of household data. The project
Goal
The goal of the project is to promote maternal and
neonatal survival in Rayagada District of Orissa.
Objectives
• To facilitate the process of ensuring essential
antenatal care, intra natal, post natal care &
impart education to the young women and
expectant mothers on all aspects of pregnancy,
hygiene and newborn care.
• To ensure effective links for referral system and
encourage institutional delivery of high-risk
pregnancies and obstetrical emergencies.
• To elicit active community participation and
ownership through involvement of community
stakeholders.
• To promote modern family planning practices
through information sharing on various
contraceptive choices to eligible couples.
• To document and disseminate lessons learnt at
the state level.
also trained the Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs),
as most of the deliveries were taking place at home. In
order to strengthen the referral, ambulance-cum-referral
vehicle was organized and used for transporting pregnant
women to hospital. Need based information, education
and communication (IEC) materials was also developed
and collected by the organization and meetings were
organized with community stakeholders (pregnant and
lactating women, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs),
Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), Panchayati
Raj Institute Members (PRI members).
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annual report 2009-10
During the year 2009 – 2010, the project entered its last
year. As a sustainability measure, Village Health Resource
Centers (VHRCs) were set-up in project villages and will
serve to act as a centre for information and continued
counselling on Maternal and Child Health issues.
These shall be equipped with IEC materials developed
during the project period as well as house basic everyday
/ emergency medicines, which shall be priced at Re 1
more than actual cost to make VHRCs sustainable. The
VHRC is planned to be operationalized in the existing
Community Health Volunteer’s residence in making
rapport with the community and continue the existing
skills in communication and knowledge in maternal
and child health related issues. End-line survey is being
initiated.
Village level meetings with pregnant women and home
visits for interpersonal communication continued
during the reporting period. Meetings were also held
with key stakeholders: Community Health Volunteers,
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives, cluster coordinators,
project coordinators, anganwadi workers, ASHAs,
ward members, lactating mothers, eligible couples
and TBAs. An Orissa based organization ‘Human
Development Foundation’, has been appointed for
process documentation of the project.
Refresher training was organised for TBAs of the project.
The refresher training reinstated the importance
of antenatal care, post natal care, precautions to be
followed on 5 cleans during pregnancy, early initiation
of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
and balanced diet for mother.
Kishori Mandal (adolescent girls) meetings are conducted
in each of the target villages. These meetings are used as
a platform for generating awareness of the community
on Reproductive Health (RH) issues. Adolescent
Melas were also organized to sensitize the adolescent
girls. Some of the topics covered were: transition
from childhood to adulthood, what is adolescence
and its features, key developmental changes, special
vulnerability of adolescents and youth, issues related to
adolescent health, barriers to adolescent reproductive
health, knowledge regarding reproductive health etc. A
professional theatre team (with knowledge on mother
and child care issues) performed issue based plays in
project villages.
Out of the 60 Village Health and Sanitation Committees
(VHSCs) formed under the project, 30 were provided
medicines for emergency use during fever, diarrhoea
etc. During the year 2009-10, 450 pregnant women
were registered in first trimester. 32 pregnancies were
identified as high risk and were referred to the hospital
and 14 pregnant women were also referred through
project vehicle. 89 deliveries took place and 12 women
had taken 3 post natal check-ups. There was also a case
of spontaneous abortion. 30 cases were identified with
ARI and 18 were treated with Co-trimoxazole, 12 were
referred to hospital. 37 cases were identified with acute
diarrhoea during the reporting period and 23 were
treated with ORT and 4 were referred to government
facilities. 103 women accepted CuT and 187 new eligible
couples were contacted and given family planning
counselling.
Safe home delivery in this tribal area, even after
the training of Dais by the project, still remains a
challenge.
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population foundation of India
Knowledge based Intervention for Reproductive Health
Advocacy and ActioN
The Mewat district in Haryana, being a tribal and
Muslim dominated area, poses a great challenge
for implementation of any health interventions.
The Foundation had earlier done a small research study
looking at the access to government services in the area
and found the status of services and the awareness level
to be dismal.
Based on the need of the area and the poor RCH status
of the community, PFI initiated the project ‘Knowledge
based Intervention for Reproductive Health Advocacy
and actioN (KIRAN)’ in partnership with SUKARYA,
a Gurgaon based NGO, in 29 villages of Nuh and
Taoru blocks of Mewat district of Haryana covering
a population of about 50,000. The project focuses
on improving Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)
status in the area through effective Behavior Change
Communication (BCC) and community processes
along with provision of quality reproductive health
services. The project is unique in nature, in addition
Goal
The goal of the project is to improve the
reproductive and child health and family planning
status in Mewat district, Haryana.
Objectives
• To assess the needs of the community on RCH
and FP.
• To create and strengthen community based
mechanisms and linkages for increasing access
to Quality of Care in Reproductive Health/
Family Planning services.
• To promote positive behavior changes among
eligible couples (women in the age group of
15-49 years) through IEC/BCC activities.
• To increase access to quality reproductive and
child health services/ family planning services
with emphasis on marginalized population.
• To establish a model with promising practices
for scaling-up.
to giving technical and financial support to the partner
organization, PFI will take lead in directly implementing
some of the field activities. The components taken by
PFI for direct technical support are: capacity building,
research and advocacy. In addition, PFI will provide
sustained backstopping to the project with the help of
other resource agencies.
The key strategies include a complete Communication
and Community Needs Assessment on Reproductive
Health/ Family Planning issues, formation/activation
of Village Health and Sanitation Committees (VHSCs)
and community structures; identification and training
of ASHAs/ Community Health Workers (CHWs);
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annual report 2009-10
increasing access to safe delivery by training Dais and
advocacy with the government system; supplementation
of service provision through mobile clinics; building
linkages with government and Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS) centres and networking
and liaisoning with the health system along with
sustained advocacy.
Multiple media approach in Behaviour Change
Communication (BCC) activities, to address the
emerging communication needs of stakeholders and
families, is an important component of the project.
Recognizing the role of men in decision making on
women’s health issues, the project also aims to approach
men through male volunteers for group counseling on
reproductive health/family planning and gender issues.
The project was formally launched on 25th February
2010 at Yasin Meo Degree College, Nuh. Dr. Syeda
Hameed, Member, Planning Commission was the Chief
Guest. Stakeholders from Mewat Development Agency,
ICDS, Health Department, NGOs and PRI members
were also attended the function.
Mapping of the government and private health facilities
was completed for the project area in collaboration
with Sukarya. The district government has welcomed
the initiative and promised support to the project
interventions.
The project and the field staff has been recruited. Field
level workers in Nuh and Taoru have completed house-
listing in both the blocks. Training workshops are being
conducted for the project and field staff to build their
skills on the issues of health care delivery structure,
RCH and BCC.
A technical support group, comprising six technical staff
members, was constituted at PFI. The group meets from
time to time and gives relevant inputs and monitors
the progress. A Communication and Community
Needs Assessment (CCNA) to assess the health and
communication needs of the community was carried
out. The baseline survey has been completed.
The community and group meetings have been
initiated by the Community Health Workers under
the supervision of the project staff. First round of
wall paintings has been completed. Health camps are
regularly being organized by Sukarya. Community
members volunteered for organization and management
in the health camps.
The program aims to complement and supplement
the government machinery and to improve the
access of women and children to health and family
planning services through effective behavior change
communication strategies.
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population foundation of India
SAMWEDNA:
Sub-center as Agency for Maternal Well Being,
Empowerment Demonstrated through NGO Assistance
The state of Rajasthan continues to be plagued
with a very high maternal mortality ratio (MMR)
of 430 (NFHS- 3) against 300 for the country.
Skilled Birth Attendance (SBA) has been accepted as a
key action strategy towards reducing Maternal Mortality.
Action Research and Training for Health (ARTH),
Udaipur, Rajasthan has evolved an ‘NGO Managed,
Nurse Midwife (NM) Manned Health Center’ model,
which delivers a continuum of ‘quality maternal and
child health care services’.
Earlier, PFI had supported a three year (October 2005
to March 2008) project replicating the ARTH model
at three villages: Ranoli (district Tonk), Luna (district
Jhunjhunu) and Srinagar (district Ajmer) in Rajasthan.
Towards the end of the project, the Luna Health Center
was shifted to village Dhanuri while the Srinagar Health
Center was dropped for administrative reasons. The
Centers provide round the clock (24x7) delivery services,
basic laboratory services, basic emergency obstetric care,
Goal
The goal of the project is to demonstrate a “model
health sub center”, which can provide services as
per the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)
with emphasis on safe motherhood and family
planning services.
Objectives
• To demonstrate an NGO managed model sub
center providing comprehensive health services
along with Indian Public Health Standards
with emphasis on safe motherhood and family
planning services.
• To document the model and undertake
advocacy for repositioning the role of sub
centers in primary health care through public
private partnership
Strategy
The project strategy involves providing financial,
technical, capacity building and advocacy support
to NGOs to enable them to establish and operate
Nurse Midwives’ based Health Centres providing
24X7 Skilled Birth Attendance complemented
by field visits for Antenatal and Postnatal
Care coupled with community awareness and
mobilization through Village Heath Workers
(VHW), PRIs, VHSCs, TBA and CBOs
active and assisted referral in emergency conditions
coupled with outreach services and contraceptive
counseling and supplies with technical and supervisory
support from ARTH. The components of Adolescent
Health and School Health Program were added to
bring the model in line with the Indian Public Health
Standards (IPHS).
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annual report 2009-10
This was the second year of the two year project
‘SAMWEDNA’ launched in April 2008. During the
year under report, the project continued with the two
Health Centers at Dhanuri and Ranoli.
ARTH organised two training programs in October
2009 and February 2010 respectively and a refresher
training in May 2009 for the Nurse Midwives based
on a comprehensive training module, which further
strengthened their capacities in Skilled Birth Attendance
and Basic Emergency Obstetric Care. The module is
highly focused hands on training.
ARTH also organized a training program for Project
Managers in June 2009. The training focused on
preparation of advocacy/ IEC materials, conducting
verbal autopsies, filling-up PNC forms, data entry
and generation of reports for PNC forms on Epi Info
software and performing quality assessment of services.
The implementing NGO partners, SSS and SRKPS,
organized orientation workshops for PRIs and TBAs.
Both the partners identified the Secondary and Senior
Secondary Schools from their areas for conducting
health check-ups and holding sessions on Adolescent
Reproductive and Sexual Health and Life Skills. They
also identified and trained 20 adolescent peer educators
from each of the 30 project villages.
ARTH made four supervisory visits to the project
area in April 2009, August 2009, September 2009
and November 2009 and made recommendations for
improvements in quality of service delivery. ARTH
also developed job aids like ANC Cards, PNC cards
and forms; brochures on safe abortion; and a poster on
Emergency Contraception. Manuals on Maternal and
Neonatal Health Care, Infection Prevention, Abortion,
Guidelines for Breast and Pelvic Examination for NMs
were developed. Handbooks and guides have also been
developed for ASHAs and VHWs on Post Natal Care,
Emergency Contraception, Copper-T for 10 years and
Family Planning.
Both the Health Centers applied for registration as MTP
Centers under the MTP Act, 1971 with support and
guidance by ARTH. ARTH is helping partners fulfill the
essential requirements (equipment and infrastructure)
for MTP certification. Training for Medical Officers
from the two agencies on Injectable Contraceptives
(DMPA) has been done. The centers were also provided
with supplies of the DMPA. The demand for injectable
contraceptives is gradually picking up.
During the year, the two health centers conducted
419 deliveries, 2131 laboratory tests (hemoglobin,
sugar, albumin, blood grouping etc.) and provided
post natal checkups to 920 women. The NMs provided
immunization services to 1282 children. Under the
Adolescent Health Program, the two partners reached
more than 3000 students from eight senior secondary
schools from the project area.
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population foundation of India
SWABHIMAN :
Urban Reproductive and Child Health and Development
Project with an Empowerment Approach
India is urbanizing at a faster pace than in the rest
of the world and by 2030, 40.76 per cent of India’s
population will be living in urban areas compared
to about 28.4 per cent now. More than half of the
urban population lives in slum conditions*. Studies
have shown that, in Delhi, the condition of people
living in slums and their RCH status is even worse than
that of their rural counterparts. Moreover, the rapid
decline in the sex ratio in the age group 0-6 years called
for a gender sensitive, adolescent and women focused
reproductive and child health intervention based on an
empowerment approach..
Since April 2007, PFI has partnered with a well known
Delhi based NGO, Smile Foundation to implement
a three year project on Health and Empowerment of
Women and Adolescent Girls, ‘Swabhiman’. The
project is being implemented in four under-privileged
urban slum clusters of Delhi covering a population of
70,000 with support from four field level implementing
partners: ADHAR, Nav Srishti, Health and Care and
Sahyogita Samaj.
* State of the World Population 2007, United Nations
Goal
The goal of the project is to empower girl children
from low socio-economic strata of the society
residing in urban slums/JJ clusters, enabling
them to lead a life and function as change agents
to improve the health seeking behaviour in the
community.
Objectives
• To generate awareness on issues of Reproductive
and Sexual Health covering Safe Motherhood,
Child Health, Family Planning, RTI/STI, HIV/
AIDS among adolescent girls.
• To sensitize adolescent girls on gender issues
through Swabhiman Volunteers, who will be
imparted Life Skills Education (LSE) including
communication and negotiation skills.
• Providing Reproductive and Child Health
services through Mobile Health Clinic for
currently married women, adolescents and
children.
• Documentation of processes, case studies and
success stories for dissemination.
The project aims to generate awareness on issues
related to reproductive health. The key strategies under
the project are to empower women and adolescents
through awareness creation, life skills and personality
development of adolescent girls along with delivery of
reproductive and child health services through mobile
health team. The Community Health Educators
(CHEs) and Swabhiman Health Volunteers (SHVs) play
a pivotal role in the project. They have been intensively
trained on health, reproductive health and life skills
and have been sensitized on issues of gender as well.
They were imparted Life Skills Education (LSE) in a
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annual report 2009-10
bid to awareness generation and empower them. The
empowerment is complemented by provision of quality
RCH services. Referral and linkages were established
with the government health system. This three year
project has succeeded in developing a trained and
empowered cadre of 10 Community Health Educators
(CHEs) and 40 Swabhiman Health Volunteers (SHVs)
and an army of more than 400 Peer Educators as change
agents. The SHV actively supports the CHEs in tracking
the pregnant and lactating women, adolescent girls, 0-5
year children and reporting on maternal and infant
deaths. There are 34 women’s and 31 adolescent girls’
groups, who actively discuss the issues related to their
reproductive health, gender and empowerment issues.
The project made extensive use of street plays and
mime shows for raising awareness on sensitive issues
like female foeticide, HIV/AIDS, reproductive rights of
women etc.
Under the capacity building and empowering efforts,
several refresher trainings and skill workshops were
organized. A one day Refresher Training Program on
Reproductive Health and Life Skill Education was
organized In June, 2009 for CHEs, SHVs and Peer
Educators. A resource person from Family Planning
Association of India (FPAI), New Delhi delivered a talk
on the importance of timely and complete immunization.
A two day Refresher Training was organized for CHEs
and SHVs in October 2009 and a movie, ‘Matrubhumi’
on the issue of female foeticide was shown.
The CHEs and SHVs were trained in bead making,
matka (earthen water pitcher) decoration and paper bag
making in a 10 day workshop to mark the ‘Girl Child
Week’ in September 2009. Again, a 10 day ‘Mime
Workshop’ was organized for CHEs to be used as an
effective awareness generation tool. They performed a
mime on ‘Safety of Girls’ at Ansal Plaza, New Delhi on
the occasion of ‘International Women’s Day’. SMILE
also organized a ‘Personality Development’ workshop in
October 2009 for CHEs and SHVs. Mr Nish Verma,
Reebok’s master trainer gave a talk on ‘fitness as a career
option’ in November 2009.
All the CHEs were provided with ‘Family Planning
Counseling Kits’ through Parivar Seva Sanstha (PSS), an
NGO engaged in promoting family planning services.
The project has come up with a manual on ‘Life Skills
Education’ based on its field level experience. The CHEs
and SHVs took regular sessions in the community and
during the year under report, they conducted 612 such
sessions. The strong five member contingent from
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population foundation of India
SMILE and partner organization attended the workshop
on ‘Quality of Care in Reproductive and Child Health’
organized by PFI in April, 2009.
The World Population Day 2009 was observed with
organization of a Walkathon, which ended with a street
play performance ‘Beti Bhi Apani Hai’ and an inspiring
address by Magsaysay Award winner and the first woman
IPS officer, Dr. Kiran Bedi.
Street plays were performed at three Swabhiman sites
to mark the World Labour Day. The plays highlighted
the issue of reproductive rights of women workers, an
unheard community. The Swabhiman team celebrated
the Safe Motherhood Day with the ‘Salam Namaste
90.4 FM.’
On the eve of World AIDS Day, the CHEs performed
street play in front of more than 1200 construction
workers on Delhi Metro to sensitize and make them
aware about the modes of transmission of and the
measures of prevention from HIV/AIDS. The website
of Swabhiman www.swabhiman.net is continuously
being updated through content management system
with latest developments on regular basis. Smile-
Swabhiman has also published the quarterly newsletter
‘Swabhiman’. The team is planning to come up with
a document on prominent case studies gathered from
the field.
During the year, the mobile health team counseled and
treated 2604 persons for various ailments, mainly on
the issues related to RCH. The camps identified 432
high risk pregnancies for referrals, and 342 women were
treated for reproductive tract infections. The SHVs
identified and supported 65 cases of domestic violence
and violence against women and girl children.
The project has received wide national and international
Zubeida takes on her perpetrators
Zubeida, a 15 year old girl and a resident of Harijan
Basti, Neb Sarai, New Delhi was being regularly
raped by her neighbor. Her mother is a domestic
worker and father is a daily wage laborer. On July
10, 2009, she came to Swabhiman Intervention
Centre for attending a monthly Adolescent group
Meeting. The meeting bolstered her confidence
level and she gathered enough strength to
share her travails with the Swabhiman team.
Swabhiman team immediately visited her house
to talk her family and explained the case. Same
day, Swabhiman team took her to the Safdarjung
hospital to get a medical chek-up. She was seven
months’ pregnant! Immediately a case was
registered with the police and arrests were made.
Zubeida is being given full emotional, medical and
financial support to overcome this shock.
media coverage. Finnish Development Corporation
covered Population stabilization efforts by Swabhiman
at Shri Ram J.J. Camp, New Delhi. A prominent news
channel ‘P7’ covered Swabhiman in its programme
`Bindiya’. The ‘Pragya’ channel covered the street
play performance on Female Foeticide during the Girl
Child Week Celebrations. The San Fancisco University
approached Smile Foundation to make a new film on
‘Girl Child’ appreciating the development initiatives.
The UNFPA invited SMILE Foundation to share their
experience in a consultation organized by UNFPA in
Delhi.
A no-cost extension of the project was granted till
August 2010. The endline evaluation of the project has
been initiated.
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annual report 2009-10
Evidence Based Advocacy for Maternal and Child Health
amongst the Urban Poor of Vadodara city in Gujarat
PFI embarked on this eighteen month project with
Sahaj from May 2007. The goal of the project was
to improve reproductive and child health status
amongst the urban poor of Vadodara city in Gujarat
state through evidence based advocacy for Maternal and
Child Health.
The project covered 16 slums and a population of about
50,000. In October, 2008 the project was given a no-cost
extension till June 30, 2009. Therefore, the project was
operational for three months only during the reporting
year.
The project collected and analysed data on Reproductive
and Child Heath (RCH) status in the slums, community
health seeking behaviors, health seeking costs and
facilities available both in public and private sectors
with respect to RCH. Sahaj also undertook a review
government policies and programs like Chiranjeevi
Yojana and the Gujarat Public Health Act and shared
their main provisions with the members of Community
Development Committees. Sahaj advocated for changes
in government systems and policies through meetings
with state health officials, publication of quarterly news
letter ‘‘Jagrat Yuva Sarjan’ and organization of District
Level and State Levels consultations or ‘Jan Samvads’.
The major achievements of the project were presence
of strong, vibrant and capacitated Community
Development Committees in all the 16 slums. A strong
Objectives
• To determine the maternal and child health
status in the slums of Vadodara.
• To examine the quality of health services being
used by urban poor and ascertain approximate
costs for availing these services
• To use information for advocacy at city and
state level to strengthen the related public
health programs, schemes and improve quality
and accessibility of the services
• To identify and train community health workers
to provide basic health education, provision of
primary services for common illnesses, and link
community with the public delivery system in
the city
• To increase community’s access to quality health
services through the municipal corporations’
service delivery system
network and liaison with the state health system and
the non-governmental organizations like ‘Jan Swasthay
Abhiyan’ and ‘Coalition for Maternal and child Health’
and Dai Sangathan and ‘Srijan’ a network focused
on reproductive and child health which has initiated
discussions on early marriage, early pregnancy, HIV
and sex selective abortions through youth. The project
ended on June 30, 2009.
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population foundation of India
Reducing Reproductive Morbidity in Married Young
Women in Rural Maharashtra
In Maharashtra, married young women in the
15–19 year age group contribute to 26 percent of
total live births, suggesting that most women get
married quite early. Low age at marriage and non-use
of contraception by young married adolescents are two
critical factors, which need to be addressed to attain
the replacement level of fertility. PFI and the Institute
of Health Management, Pachod (IHMP) joined hands
to implement a three year integrated, multi-site action
research project in Maharashtra, which will demonstrate
the implementation of a specific intervention to improve
Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health services of
married adolescents girls in five backward districts of
Maharashtra: Nanded, Beed, Amravati, Buldana and
Dhule, covering a total population of one lakh (20,000
in each district).
Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT) is providing financial
support to PFI for the project. The project envisages
identifying and tracking a cohort of married adolescent
girls. The service package includes: primary level
healthcare, nutrition education, detection and treatment
of anaemia, ante-natal care and advice regarding child
birth, easy and confidential access of family planning,
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), Reproductive
Tract Infection/ Sexually Transmitted Infection (RTI/
STI), detection and treatment, HIV/AIDS awareness
and counselling. The program also focuses on Behaviour
Change Communication (BCC), community based
surveillance and referral. The programme aims to build
capacities of five field implementing partner agencies
to carry out action research, monitor and evaluate the
programme and do advocacy.
During the period under report, based on the training
calendar developed at the beginning of the project,
capacities of the NGO program staff were further
Goal
The goal of the project is to demonstrate a model
with specific interventions to improve the sexual
and reproductive health of young married women
in five districts of Maharashtra
Objectives
• To delay median age at first conception by one
year.
• To increase contraceptive use by 10 percent
to delay first conception (as compared to
baseline).
• To reduce prevalence of anemia among young
married women by 20 percent as compared to
baseline.
• To increase treatment utilization behavior for
RTI, post abortion complications and post natal
complications by 20 percent from the baseline.
• To increase proportion of young pregnant
women receiving minimum 3 ante-natal check-
ups by 20 percent from the baseline.
• To increase proportion of institutional deliveries
by 20 percent from the baseline.
strengthened in program management, BCC, basic
concepts on Reproductive and Child Health (RCH),
liaison with the government system and adolescent
health issues. Capacity of project ANMs was
strengthened for Hb% estimation, urine sugar, albumin
testing, estimation of height, weight and blood pressure.
Their skills were also built to carry out BCC activities
to enable them to conduct group meetings of mothers-
in-law.
84 Village Health Committees and 258 Youth Groups,
formed across project villages with active involvement and
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representation of panchayat members, opinion leaders
and women and youth, actively participated in various
project activities. Young married couples, identified as
SATHI couple with the support and active involvement
of the Village Health Committee members, managed
SATHI Kendras. These Kendras have been equipped
with rich Information Education and Communication
(IEC) and other reading materials for young couples.
The married adolescents were benefited by the IEC
materials available at these centers.
Quarterly review meetings were held in Dhule and
Pachod, where programmatic and finance related issues
were discussed. The meetings were followed by field
visits to project areas. PFI conducted training on ‘Funds
Management’ during the meeting at Dhule. The key
actionable points identified during the review meetings
included: liaisoning with the government, redesigning
the strategy for SATHI Kendras, making the reports
more insightful, finalizing the budget for reallocation,
focusing on adolescent girls delivering at home, ensuring
PNC for all and improving recording of birth weight
and focusing on youth.
A meeting was also held with the consultant Medical
Officers of the five partner organizations. Maintaining
privacy, having a standard protocol for treatment and
developing a checklist for the health workers to assess
risk behaviour among the married adolescents and their
spouses were some of the important issues discussed at
the meeting.
The cohort of married adolescent girls, identified
through surveillance and registered with the project,
was followed-up on a continuous basis. A total of 2347
married adolescent girls were registered till March 2010.
They were monitored for anaemia, pregnancy, abortions,
post-abortion complications, family planning needs and
RTIs/ STIs through monthly surveillance and were
referred thereafter. 206 RTI/STI clinics were organized
by the project staff during the reporting period, where
specialized services of a gynaecologist were provided.
2515 ANC clinics were organized by the project ANMs
in each project village. One depot holder for condoms
and oral contraceptive pills has been identified in each
village.
Group meetings with married adolescent girls were
regularly organized by community organisers, where
they were benefited from counselling. Similarly, male
coordinators organised meetings with spouses of
married adolescent girls. All the five partners are also
regularly organising couple workshops, youth workshops
and mothers-in-law workshops. 79 couple workshops
were organised during the reporting period in which
1394 couples were benefited. BCC materials including
flipcharts, pamphlets and posters were developed.
Inland letters were distributed to record birth weight
and delivery details for deliveries taking place away from
the project area.
IHMP and PFI are monitoring the program on a regular
basis .PFI’s role in the project involves handling the
grant and providing technical inputs on programmatic
interventions, research and advocacy. PFI is also
providing inputs to strengthen the financial management
system of the partners.
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population foundation of India
A Model Initiative to Ensure Quality Family Planning
Services in Uttarakhand
The National Family Health Survey -III shows
that the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined
from 2.9 to 2.7. A large number of individuals
and couples around the country are still unable to plan
their families as they wish. Therefore, family planning
programs have a challenge to reach and serve millions of
women and men, whose reproductive attitude resembles
those of contraceptive users but who, for some reason or
combination of reasons, are not using contraception.
Some of the causes of the unmet need for family
planning services are: (1) lack of services or barriers
to their access; (2) poor quality of services, such as
suboptimal interactions between clients and providers;
(3) substandard technical competence of providers;
(4) inadequate information; (5) poor design and
management of service delivery systems; (6) technology
issues such as limited or inappropriate choice of
methods leading to fear or experience of side effects;
Goal
The goal of the project is to develop and
implement an innovative model “Quality” Family
Planning Services in Doiwala block of District
Dehra Dun and the adjoining slums of Rishikesh
(Chandreshwar Nagar).
Objectives
• To identify the unmet needs for contraception
among the eligible couples (wherein the women
are in the age group 15-49 years).
• To enhance awareness among eligible couples
for Family Planning through appropriate
communication strategies for behaviour
change.
• To reinforce service providers’ (ANMs/
Nurses, ASHAs) capacities in counselling and
quality services for Family Planning including
infertility.
• To provide a basket of choice for safe and
effective family planning methods (including non-
scalpel vasectomy, female condoms, injectable
contraceptive, emergency contraception etc) to
the eligible couples of the area.
• To document the process and results of the
intervention and share the learning with various
stakeholders including Government.
and (7) broader social issues such as an individual’s lack
of knowledge, power imbalances within couples and
families, socio-cultural, religious and gender barriers
especially male child preference and opposition from
husbands/families. There is also a need to develop
family planning programmes specifically for men.
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Although family planning services have been a high
priority in the delivery of health care to the Indian
women of reproductive age for over last 50 years,
relatively little importance has been given to “Quality of
Care”. If services are not of high quality, clients do not
receive the information and learn the skills they need
to adopt and sustain successful contraceptive behavior.
Quality services and access to a basket of contraceptive
choice are essential to fulfill the unmet needs for family
planning in India.
The project was initiated in September, 2008 with a
focus on ensuring Quality Family Planning Services in
Uttarakhand. It is implemented in collaboration with
Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust, Dehradun covering
2,00,000 population in Doiwala block of district
Dehradun and slums of Rishikesh (Chandreshwar
Nagar). The project aims to ‘Identify the unmet needs
for family planning among the eligible couples and
increase awareness on family planning to enable them
to make informed choice on contraceptives.’
It also endeavors to complement and supplement the
government programme by reinforcing the skills of
service providers (ANMs/ Nurses, Medical Officers,
ASHAs) in the project area and delivering quality
services for family planning through HIHT’s own
hospital in Dehradun and 2 clinics (rural and urban),
where basket of choice has been expanded to include
injectables (Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) and
female condoms. In addition, HIHT is collaborating
with the Government of Uttarakhand for organizing
camps at Community Health Centre (CHC) and
Primary Health Centres (PHCs), where service delivery
is strengthened by adding counseling services and visits
by a lady doctor. A Technical Resource Cell (TRC) at
HIHT is established, which comprises experts from
community medicine, obstetrics & gynecology, surgery
and nursing from HIHT hospital as members. The cell
provides guidance for the project and monitors the
quality of family planning services provided under the
project. It also looks into tools, materials and training
needs of the project.
The project aims to develop and implement an innovative
model ‘Quality’ Family Planning services and works to
strengthen the government frontline workers’ capacities
and skills on family planning and quality of care issues.
The project is now in second year of its implementation.
The baseline survey for the project was completed in
2009 and the end-line goals were finalized subsequently.
MIS was pre-tested, finalized and rolled-out in October
2009.
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population foundation of India
A number of training programs have been held for the
project staff and frontline workers on the issues of quality
family planning services, community mobilization,
Behavior Change Communication (BCC) and RTIs/
STIs. An orientation program has also been organized
for the government Medical Officers and ANMs on
the issues of: ‘quality of care’ in family planning,
advantages and side-effects of various family planning
methods, communication skills and information
management. The capacity of the ANMs is also being
enhanced through hands-on training during the health
camps organized at government health facilities. The
panchayat members have also been sensitized towards
quality family planning services.
The Technical Resource Cell (TRC) meets every
quarter to discuss various programmatic issues. One
of the key issues taken up was accreditation of HIHT
by Government of Uttarakhand for providing quality
family planning services. Action was initiated on this
front and as an outcome; HIHT is now accredited with
the Government of Uttarakhand to provide family
planning services under the government norms. TRC
also discussed issues like male involvement in family
planning, procurement of medicines and supplies,
schedules for trainings, camps and formats for monthly
MIS.
A review meeting was held at PFI with HIHT
representatives in October 2009. Key actionable points
included: facilitating the release of untied funds to
Village Health and Sanitation Committees (VHSCs)
in the project area, strengthening documentation,
conducting small research studies on supply chain and
use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs). It was
decided to collect qualitative data from the field to
capture elements of “Quality of Care” through rapid
Highlights: Rapid Assessment
• Quality of Family Planning services being
provided at HIHT hospital and HIHT outreach
centers, i.e., RHTC and UHTC, are of a better
quality than the services being provided at
government health facilities under the project
area.
• There is a need to increase the focus on the
male participation in family planning.
• There is a need to build the capacity of ASHAs
on counselling for family planning.
assessment, which will involve observation of clinical
services and exit interviews. Following this, the technical
group at PFI developed tools for exit interviews, process
evaluation and infrastructure assessment during the
health camps. Tools were also developed to interview the
beneficiaries of terminal methods. The data collection
was completed and data analysis and report writing is
being done.
Family Planning camps are being organized by HIHT
every month in PHCs, CHC, Rural Health Training
Centre (RHTC) and Urban Health Training Centre
(UHTC). RHTC and UHTC are outreach centers run
by HIHT in Doiwala block and Chandreshwar Nagar
slums respectively. The clients are offered a basket of
choice for family planning like IUD insertions, oral
contraceptive pills, condoms along with counseling
services. Treatment and counseling services for RTI/
STI are also being provided. Referrals are provided for
permanent methods and infertility.
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annual report 2009-10
CASE STUDY 1
Sunita, a mother of four children: two daughters and two sons, had come to the health camp with
the complaint of missed periods. She declined the possibility of being pregnant as her husband had
been regularly using condom. However, the doctor suggested for pregnancy test (UPT) and found that
her test is positive. When asked about the usage of contraceptive method, she said that due to her
husband’s insistence, they had unprotected sex twice in last month. However, she said that she was
not aware of the consequences. She shared with the doctor and the Area Coordinator that she did not
want the pregnancy to be continued as her husband is a daily wage laborer and they could not afford
another child. She also shared that she does not want any more children and thus, wanted to adopt any
terminal methods of family planning. The doctor counseled her about the Non Scalpel Vasectomy (NSV)
and tubectomy methods and referred her to HIHT hospital for abortion and adoption any one of the
two terminal methods. She was also advised to use condom regularly till the abortion takes place and
undergo the abortion quickly to avoid the risk.
CASE STUDY 2
Sabina got married one year back and has no children. She had come to the health camp with the
complaint of missed periods. She said that she has been using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) regularly
and thus, could not be pregnant. However, the doctor suggested her for pregnancy test (UPT) and found
that her test is negative. The Area Coordinator shared that Sabina had come to the health camp last
week as well but, pregnancy test was not done, as she had come just after two days of the expected
date of period. The doctor suggested Sabina to continue with the OCPs for another week and come to
the health camp next week, if the period does not start by then. When enquired about the availability
of OCPs with her, she said that she has consumed just three pills from the current pack. However, the
doctor said that it could not be possible if she has been using OCPs regularly. Sabina said that she has
forgotten to take the pills 8 – 10 times in last two months. The doctor thus advised Sabina to use condom
till her period starts and start a new pack after that. She was counseled about the importance of regular
consumption of OCPs and the measures to be taken if a pill is missed for a particular day.
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population foundation of India
Increasing Awareness of and Access to Contraception for
Married Adolescents, Awareness on Reproductive and
Sexual Health and Reduction of Iron Deficiency Anaemia
among Adolescent Girls of Ganjam District, Orissa
Astudy conducted by the Regional Medical
Research Center of ICMR (2005) on the
assessment of Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA)
amongst adolescent girls in three districts of Orissa
revealed that the overall prevalence of anaemia for
adolescent girls in the age group 11-19 years was 96.5%
and awareness about anaemia was very low and ranged
from 7.4% to 25.2%. One of the most common causes of
IDA is infestation with hookworm. Significantly higher
prevalence of anaemia in hookworm infected children
shows association of hookworm and anaemia prevalence
among adolescents (Lotham et al, 1983, Lwambo et al,
2000, Chaturvedi et al, 1998, Shahabuddin et al 2000
and Singh et al, 1993
The project, implemented by Multi Applied System
(MAS), Bhubaneshwar addresses a group of adolescent
girls (in 25 villages of Ganjam Block in Ganjam District,
Orissa) aged between 12-19 years on issues of hook
worm infestation, IDA, knowledge on Adolescent
The project aims to demonstrate a model for
reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia
among adolescent girls in the age group of 12-
19 years through control of worm infestation.
Empowerment of married adolescents (< 19 yrs)
by imparting knowledge on above mentioned
health issues and ensuring availability and access
of modern contraceptives with information on
their correct usage is also focussed in the project.
The project ultimately aims to develop scaling up
strategy based on the project outcomes.
Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH)/ Family
Planning (FP) issues and intervention to reduce IDA
with a larger objective of reducing maternal and infant
mortality in the state by reducing anaemia by 80%.
As a strategy to achieve the above, it was proposed that
the health services for control and reduction of anaemia
and worm infestation will be provided throughout the
project period (regular blood testing for Hemoglobin
or Hb% levels and stool testing for worm infestation
along with prophylactic doses of Iron Folic Acid and
de-worming tablets). As a sustainability measure,
adolescents were to be given knowledge about causes of
IDA, linkage between worm infestation and IDA, need
for adoption of hygiene and better sanitation practice
along with information on Adolescent Reproductive
and Sexual Health (ARSH) and modern methods of
family planning through IEC materials and Behaviour
Change Communication (BCC) activities essentially
carried out or managed by a cadre of Community Health
Motivators (CHMs) and Field Coordinators (FCs). The
project was titled as “Health Education Program for
Adolescents” (HePA).
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During the year under report, health camps were
regularly organised in each project village. These camps
were well received by primary health centre (PHCs) and
block health administration. Second phase of Hb %
testing was also initiated during the reporting period.
Severe anaemia cases are being followed up through
Hb testing to track improvement. Analysis of the Hb %
test in the second phase showed that there are positive
signs of improvement in different categories. They are
indicative of the positive impact of the strategy. For
example, among those reporting moderate anaemia,
there is a shift from 8 gm Hb to 9 gm Hb or above
but within 10 gm. Similar is the case for mild anaemia,
where the adolescents have moved from 10 gm to 11 gm
but within 12 gm.
The Management Information System (MIS) for the
project was finalized. An MIS format was developed
to collect information on the use of family planning
methods by the married adolescents on a continuous
basis. For close monitoring, follow up and counseling,
a list of adolescents reporting decline in the Hb% has
been prepared and given to the Field Coordinators to
facilitate house visits.
As part of the research within the project area, two villages
were identified for trying out different interventions
to compare the impact of single interventions on
reducing IDA. In these villages, after complete house-
listing, adolescent girls in the age group 12-19 years were
identified. They were divided into four groups: one
group to be given only IFA, another only de-worming,
the third only hygiene education and the fourth with
all interventions done at present. This will give an idea
about the extent of impact from single interventions
versus a combination of all. A rapid impact assessment
among adolescent girls on sample basis for mid-term
review is being carried out.
The Community Health Motivators continued
organizing group meetings with the adolescent groups.
Group meetings with married adolescents were also
done. Meetings were organized in 5 villages with the
Village Water and Sanitation Committee (wherever
SWAJALDHARA program is in operation) to brief
them about the project and how to enhance sanitation
coverage in the village. Follow up meetings (one-on-
one with adolescents, who could not attend the group
meeting) were also held. SHG meetings were organised
during the reporting period. The Field Coordinators met
the CHMs every month. Refresher training for CHMs
was also organised on issues of aneamia, hookworm
infestation etc.
Health cards were issued to 2299 girls. Through these
health cards, results of two Hb% test and one stool
test were subsequently discussed with the beneficiaries
and they were counselled to consume IFA and improve
dietary intake of green leafy vegetables. During
IFA distribution, field coordinators contacted the
adolescents personally and explained about the health
cards, their Hb% & stool test reports. Adolescents were
advised to consume IFA & de-worming tablets along
with adoption of healthy dietary practices. Adolescents
consumed de-worming tablets in the presence of field
coordinator. Although IFA tablets have been distributed
to 2288 adolescents suffering from different degrees
of anemia, an estimate showed that 70% are using it
regularly. Hb% test also showed an enhancement of
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population foundation of India
usage rate. It is now planned to give de-worming tablets
to adolescent girls as a precautionary measure.
IEC/BCC activities
Contact was established with the All India Radio,
Berhampur to have certain awareness and interaction
programs in project villages. HePA project staff
facilitated to organize ‘Amari Gaon’ Programme in
two project villages, where AIR staff interacted with
the cultural groups, village leaders, teachers, AWWs,
ASHA workers, ANMs & CHMs (HePA) about
different issues such as health, education etc. This is an
on-going activity by the AIR. Arrangements were made
to organize visits of the Officer-in-charge of All India
Radio, Berhampur to three project villages and interact
with the CHMs, adolescents and Field Coordinators.
These were subsequently broadcast which generated
a lot of enthusiasm and sense of pride amongst the
functionaries/villagers in general and the beneficiaries
in particular. HePA also organized slogan and poster
competitions as part of PFI’s 40th Year Celebrations
amongst out-of-school adolescents in 5 project villages.
Participants from Ganjam districts performed better
than the remaining three districts of Orissa and bagged
many prizes.
The project brought out a few IEC materials which
include: flip charts on issue of water and sanitation
related disease transmission; life cycle of hookworm
and round worms, a set of 50 questions on adolescent
health; a leaflet on the role of CHM; and a guide book
on the role of CHM. The project also brought out its
first News Letter ‘Swasthya Barta’, which was released
by the Collector and District Magistrate of Ganjam. On
the occasion of the ‘World Hand Washing Day’, HePA
project organized hygiene awareness camps in 7 schools
in the project villages in which a total of 1892 students
participated. The response was overwhelming.
Advocacy and Networking
HePA project staff joined hands with the Community
Development Medicinal Unit (CDMU) in their
“Rational Use of Drugs” awareness campaign for
SHG groups. In this campaign, the project staff shared
the objectives of HePA project and other activities
with the SHG members. Drugs were procured from
CDMU on payment and from Block PHC as their
initial contribution. IFA and de-worming tablets were
also procured from CDMU on payment and Block
PHC and Aanganwadi Centres also contribute IFA for
distribution. At the request of CDMU, HePA project
staff facilitated 5 such camps in the project areas. The
project is collaborating with another organisation ‘Gram
Vikas’ and helping them to extend their work on water
and sanitation in the project villages. UNICEF, Orissa
State office was approached by the Project Director
to develop some IEC materials for school children
resulting in the preparation of a leaflet on the subject
under the guidance of the Project Director, to be used
by the teachers and members of the school cabinet. This
will be available in July/August, 2010.
The program has established good liaison with the
government sector. Meetings with stakeholders were
held regularly. The Project Coordinator and/or Field
Coordinators participate in the monthly meeting of
Anganwadi workers as invitees, discuss the field level
issues and find solutions. Similar participation in
Health Workers meetings is also done periodically. The
Project Director and the Project Coordinator of MAS
meet the district level officials once every two months.
Support from United Artist Association is sought for
providing infrastructure facilities for organizing CHM
training.
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annual report 2009-10
Mobilizing the Unreached: Using Behaviour Change
Communication and Ensuring Quality Family Planning
services through Boat Clinics in Assam
The Centre for North East Studies and Policy
Research (C-NES) is supported by the State
Government of Assam under the National Rural
Health Mission (NRHM) to implement a preventive
and promotive health campaign through specially
designed boats in the islands, locally known as ‘chars
or saporis’, formed by the mighty Brahmaputra river.
Since May 2005, the boat clinics have been reaching out
to the most underserved and vulnerable and deprived
sections of the population.
The PFI-CNES initiative implemented for a period
of 3 years since September 2009 and covers 1 lakh
Goal
The goal of the project is to ensure improvement
in Family Planning/RCH status of vulnerable
populations from the islands known as chars/
saporis on the Brahmaputra River in Assam.
Objective
• To increase awareness on reproductive health
and family planning issues among eligible
couples (women in the age group 15-49 years
of age and their husbands)
• To enable Behavior Change through a need
based comprehensive communication package
• To build sustainable local capacities in
interpersonal communication including
counseling skills, delivering quality family
planning services and effective documentation
• To improve availability of and accessibility of
modern contraceptives to eligible couples
including services for IUD insertion, injectables
and establishing effective linkages/referrals for
sterilization services
• To document learnings, processes and best
practices for scaling up.
population living on the islands of Brahmaputra River
in 5 districts of Assam (Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Dhemaji,
Sonitpur and North Lakhimpur).
The key strategy of the programme is to incorporate
the component of family planning in the existing boat
clinics to improve the reproductive health status of the
‘char and sapori’ residents. The project also aims to
ensure the availability of family planning service delivery
to the community.
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The project integrates the component of capacity
building of providers towards the provision of family
planning services. Development of a need based BCC
package to bring about behaviour change and carrying
out BCC/IEC activities to increase the involvement of
stakeholders and families are the other important focus
areas of the project. A strong element of documentation
has been integrated into the project with a view to capture
the learning’s for replication and scale up. Through this
intervention, counselling skills of the family planning
counselors and the government ASHAs will be built
up. PFI will also aid C-NES in developing films/spots
on Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) and Family
Planning (FP) to facilitate behavior change at all levels.
The project was initiated in September 2009. An
activity plan was drawn up and 5 Family Planning
Counsellors (FPCs) were recruited in October 2009.
The selected staff of the project is being trained on
issues such as reproductive health, family planning and
behaviour change communication. IEC material is also
being collected by Family Planning Counsellors from
respective District Project Management office under
NRHM.
The project team has established good liaison with
District Commissioner (Health) and Additional
Director (Family Welfare). Relevant stakeholders like
ASHAs, Anganwadi workers, teachers, Village Health
and Sanitation Committee (VHSC) members, village
youth and social activists were met and linked with the
project.
The challenge of the project is to the geographical spread
of project villages on river islands causing inaccessible to
health services. This is further complicated by ethnic
diversity. In order to assess the impact of the project, a
baseline survey of the project has been carried out in an
Operational Research mode.
As a result of the orientation training, the Family
Planning Counsellors have made introductory visits to
their respective areas through Boat Clinics and gathered
information about the community stakeholders of the
area like ASHAs, ICDS (Integrated Child Development
Scheme) workers and eligible couples.
They have started counselling the community on the
importance of Family Planning, spacing and small
family size.
Community and other key stakeholders feel that the
proposed intervention of introducing family planning
counselling through boat clinics is a much needed
effort. It is envisaged that the counselling, motivation
and provision of contraceptive services will facilitate to
meet the current unmet need of the project.
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MCH Star Projects
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Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening
The Maternal and Child Health Sustainable
Technical Assistance and Research (MCH- STAR)
is an initiative to improve policies, program
approaches and resources in the areas of maternal,
neonatal, child health and nutrition (MNCHN) in
India, particularly in Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.
The MCH STAR consortium (Emerging Markets
Group, Boston University and CEDPA), supported
by USAID, aims to strengthen the capacity of Indian
institutions to conduct meaningful research, programs,
and advocacy that will provide technical leadership in
MNCHN matters in the long term. MCH-STAR has
partnered with premier Indian institutions (PFI, PHFI,
IndiaCLEN, CINI, SIFPSA) for their capacity building
and institutional strengthening. PFI has been an MCH-
STAR supported institution since 2007.
PFI in consultation with MCH-STAR created some
staff positions to focus on research and new programme
development in order to initiate the process of
systematically tapping funding opportunities for
MNCHN research/policy analysis/programmes. The
overall capacity of offices and personnel in Uttar
Pradesh and Jharkhand as well as at the national level
were strengthened for MNCHN work. Mentoring
support to PFI staff members bolstered their capacity to
effectively implement projects. Opportunities to attend
workshops and conferences translated into improved
knowledge and skills of staff members pertaining to
the field of MNCHN. The MCH-STAR grant has also
expedited the process of surveying existing systems and
strengthening them. MCH-STAR provided technical
support to PFI for website redesign and development,
provided software (Photoshop and CoralDraw) for
designing documents and provided IT equipment.
PFI received support for developing, editing and
Goal
To position Population Foundation of India as
one of the leading national NGOs in the field of
maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition
programmes, policies and research.
Objectives
• To strengthen the expertise and leadership in PFI
nationally, and in UP and Jharkhand, to provide
Technical Assistance in MNCHN activities of the
Central and State governments.
• To provide appropriate infrastructure support
that will increase efficiency in research, policy
analysis and advocacy and technical assistance
in MNCHN at PFI.
• To create a resource/data base to organise work
related to MNCHN that will increase efficiency.
• To support learning / dissemination of
information and advocacy efforts related to
MNCHN.
printing research and other documents. A research
paper on the “Effects of Women’s Autonomy and
Male Involvement on RCH Service Utilization in Uttar
Pradesh” was prepared and presented at a regional
workshop organized by SIFPSA on gender and RCH in
Meerut on 24th June 2009.
PFI developed wall charts based on district IMR
and CMR estimates based on secondary data and
disseminated them at an event organised with the
help of MCH-STAR in Lucknow on the occasion of
World Population Day, 2009. Similarly IMR and CMR
secondary data on Jharkhand was disseminated at PFI’s
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40th year celebratory conference for the eastern region
held in Bhubaneswar during 16-17 February, 2010.
PFI has also been able to build its association with other
Star Supported Institutions, initiated partnerships
and alliances with NGOs, government and other
organizations for ongoing and future projects.
The impact of CB/IS activities have had a considerable
impact on improving effectiveness and efficiency in
responding to MNCHN priorities at the national and
state level. One example is PFI’s involvement in the
preparation of the Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand PIPs
(Programme Implementation Plans). A series of meetings
and discussions were initiated on the forthcoming PIPs
and the final PIPs were a result of a collaborative effort
of NGOs working in both the states. PFI’s participation
in the preparation of the PIPs has laid the groundwork
for future activities in the two states. It is an important
achievement for PFI’s presence in Uttar Pradesh and
Jharkhand.
During the year under report, PFI staff were able to
design a major programme on Urban Health for the
poor and succeeded in winning a global bid from
USAID in this report.
Other MCH-STAR projects in the pipeline include an
“Evidence review of Birth Preparedness / Complication
Readiness (BP/CR) leading to advocacy” and a research
study “Assessing the Needs for Periodic Training of
ASHA under National Rural Health Mission in Uttar
Pradesh”
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Concurrent Evaluation of the Reach,
Effectiveness and Impact of the Mukhya
Mantri Janani Shishu Swasthya Abihiyan
(MMJSSA) in Jharkhand-An IndiaCLEN and
PFI Study
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW),
Government of India launched Janani Suraksha
Yojana (JSY) in 2005 as a modification to the National
Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS) under the National
Rural Health Mission (NRHM). JSY focuses on reducing
maternal and infant mortality through increased
institutional deliveries and hence to accelerate India’s
progress towards reaching the maternal and child
health goals outlined in its national policies and the
Millennium Development Goals.
Mukhya Mantri Janani Shishu Swasthya Abhiyan
(MMJSSA), a derivative of JSY in the state of Jharkhand
was initiated in 2006. Sahiya is the name given to
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) in the JSY
scheme and is the designated community mobilizer
under MMJSSA. There is a need to know the reach,
effectiveness, and impact of the scheme. Thus, apart
from assessing the process of implementation of this
scheme and making mid-course corrections to increase
institutional deliveries, this evaluation was important
for determining the impact of cash incentives on the
acceptability of the scheme. Population Foundation of
India in collaboration with India-CLEN, financially
and technically supported by MCH-STAR/USAID,
conducted a study with following objectives in
Jharkhand:
This research relied on a cross sectional design that
utilized both qualitative and quantitative research
methods. In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group
discussions (FGDs) were used to collect qualitative
data from several identified stakeholders. Quantitative
data were collected from facility-based records. The
National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the District
Level Health Survey (DLHS) data supplemented the
qualitative aspect of the study. Observations of 18
health facilities were done to determine the ability of a
Objectives
1.Reach and utilization of services
• Determine the reach (coverage) and utilization
of services under MMJSSA based on available
data.
2.Effectiveness of the scheme (Process
evaluation)
• Document processes involved in planning and
management, private sector partnership and
intra/ inter-sectoral coordination for MMJSSA
• Assess social mobilization strategies designed
to create awareness and increase MMJSSA
demand in the community and its reach to
marginalised populations, including those living
in tribal areas
• Identify the scheme’s strengths and limitations
as well as local innovations
• Identify problems faced by various stakeholders
which hamper the success of the scheme
• Understand the determinants of utilization and
non-utilization of the scheme.
3.Impact
• Assess the quality of care provided at the health
facility
health facility to provide antenatal and postnatal care,
and EMoC.
Districts were selected from five regional divisions
and stratified based on the percentage of their ST
populations. Two tribal districts-- West Singhbhum and
Gumla; three non-tribal districts-- Kodarma, Garhwa
and Deoghar; and one district having one major urban
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area i. e. Ranchi were selected for the study. Six blocks
(one block from each district) were selected using the
same criteria employed in selecting. In all, 410 IDIs
of different categories of stakeholders and 24 FGDs
of mothers-in-law and husbands/ fathers-in-law were
conducted.
Key Findings
DHLS-3 data revealed that overall, 52.2% of villages
had beneficiaries under MMJSSA but less than one-
third of women were reg istered in their first trimester of
pregnancy. There was a wide variation in the number of
women who had at least three ANC checkups across the
study districts. The most vulnerable and marginalized
women, SC/ST/OBC and the illiterate living in rural
areas were found to benefit the least from MMJSSA’s
attempts to promote ANC, and safe delivery at home
as well as in the facilities.
The scheme has been successful in creating awareness in
the community about the benefits offered by MMJSSA.
However, no special efforts seem to have been made to
reach the unreached - the poor and the marginalized
population. Financial incentive is reported to be a
major reason for utilizing services. Vaccination, ANC
and facilities for institutional delivery are also reported
as reasons for utilizing services by the beneficiaries. It
was surprising to know that not all the beneficiaries
knew about the purpose of incentives.
In addition, the results reflect several critical issues
related to implementation of the scheme. The most
cited issue was a lack of communication at all levels
of health functionaries regarding the purpose of
MMJSSA, individual job responsibilities, monitoring
and disbursement of financial incentives. Beneficiaries
reported difficulties in receiving incentives because of
procedural requirements/ documents and changes in
the disbursement policy e.g. cash/ cheque and split/
single payment.
Evaluation results suggest that there was a lack of
joint action between the service delivery component
of the health system and program management under
NRHM for program planning and monitoring. Inputs
from PHCs appeared to be minimal while preparing
budgets. It was apparent that the current processes of
fund release from state to the PHC level suffered from
problems involving procedural requirements, delay in
release and lack of funds, and bank related issues. Also,
concerns were raised by beneficiaries not getting full
payment, frustration because of they were required to
make repeated visits to receive money.
The study also found that even though there was an
increase in institutional deliveries in some regions,
the health facilities were challenged to meet the
growing demand and as a result the quality of care
was compromised. Issues of non-availability of skilled
attendants at time of delivery were raised by mothers
who delivered in institutions. The findings also
suggested that women were not being retained for the
recommended 24-48 hours following delivery. The
quality of care during the post natal period was also not
satisfactory.
This evaluation has systematically assessed the current
scenario of reach of the scheme and utilization of
services, implementation process, strengths and
limitations and impact of the scheme. The findings
provide information on how increased numbers of
institutional deliveries have affected quality of care, and
how infrastructure of health facilities, essential drug
supply, availability of medical equipment, and human
resource for health have affected the reach, effectiveness
and impact of the MMJSSA.
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New Initiatives in the Current Year
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Systematic Review of “Birth Preparedness and
Complication Readiness”
PFI has been awarded a grant by MCH-STAR/USAID
to conduct a systematic review of “Birth Preparedness
and Complication Readiness (BP/CR)” interventions.
The study will review evidence to assess the effectiveness
of BP/CR efforts to reduce delays leading to high
maternal mortality in India. The main objective of the
study is to recommend a suitable BP/CR package and
develop a consensus on recommendations for effective
BP/CR interventions in India that can be advocated to
the government for changes in policies, programs and
resource allocation. Dr. Prathap Tharyan, a well known
expert on systematic reviews is guiding the study.
Assessing the Needs for Periodic Training of ASHAs
PFI has been awarded a grant by MCH-STAR/USAID
to conduct a needs assessment study of ASHAs in Uttar
Pradesh titled “Assessing the Needs for Periodic Training
of ASHA under National Rural Health Mission in Uttar
Pradesh”. The proposal was developed by PFI in response
to a request from NRHM, Uttar Pradesh. The study
aims to assess the knowledge level of ASHAs, identify
the key knowledge gaps/deficits in the performance
of her duties and give key recommendations for the
content of periodic training module.
Letter of Interest for Bihar
PFI floated an LOI inviting NGOs to work in
Kishanganj district of Bihar to increase the availability
and accessibility of quality Family Planning and
Maternal & Child Health services. One lead NGO
with a consortium of partner NGOs will be awarded the
grant to execute the LOI. The objective of the grant is to
achieve district wide improvements in Family Planning
(FP) and Maternal and Child Health (MCH) outcomes
in Kishanganj. Shortlisted organizations will be asked
to submit a detailed proposal.
Health of the Urban Poor (HUP) Programme
India’s urban poor are vulnerable to many health risks
as a consequence of living in conditions characterized
Goal
To improve the health status of the urban poor
by adopting effective, efficient and sustainable
strategic intervention approaches, adopting the
principle of convergence of various development
programmes.
Objectives
• To provide quality technical assistance to the
Government of India, states and cities for
effective implementation of the Urban Health
component of the National Rural Health Mission
(NRHM) and the proposed National Urban
Health Mission (NUHM)
• To expand partnerships in urban health,
including engaging the commercial sector in
Public–Private Partnership (PPP) activities;
• To promote the convergence of different
Government of India urban health and
development efforts;
• To strengthen urban planning initiatives by
the state through evidence-based city-level
demonstration and learning efforts.
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by cramped, low-quality housing with limited
sanitation, limited access to affordable quality health
care, widespread illiteracy, social isolation, and a lack
of negotiating capacity to demand improved public
services. The urban poor are also the fastest growing
segment of the Indian population, with migration
and natural growth on course to double their number
(estimated population at between 80 and 100 million in
2005) in less than 15 years.
Keeping the worsening health conditions of the urban
poor, PFI in October 2009 entered into a partnership
with USAID/India to start a comprehensive “Health
of the Urban Poor” Programme. The purpose of this
four year program is to support the achievement
of improved delivery of a comprehensive package
of maternal and child health, family planning and
nutrition interventions, including the promotion of
safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene services, to
urban poor communities in the eight states: UP, MP,
Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Orissa, Uttarakhand, Bihar and
Chhattisgarh and three cities: Bhubaneswar, Jaipur and
Pune. It would provide support to the national (proposed
National Urban Health Mission in particular), state,
local governments and the private sector and will forge
linkages with other USAID-supported partners, donors
and development partners supporting urban health
activities in India and the program.
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Advocacy and Communication
Projects/events
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Sustainable Action against Declining Sex Ratio at Birth in the
States of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab
Voluntary Health Association of Punjab, and
SUTRA have been partnering with PFI in
advocacy efforts on the issue of Missing Girls
since the year 2003. In the year 2004, VHAP and
SUTRA in collaboration with Population Foundation
of India implemented a campaign to move from
advocacy to action on the issue of Missing Girls in two
districts: Fatehgarh Sahib and Patiala of Punjab, two
districts: Ambala and Kurukshetra of Haryana and 55
Gram Panchayats of Dharmpur and Nalagarh Blocks
of Solan district and Nahan block of Sirmour district
in Himachal Pradesh under the project sanctioned as
part of the UNFPA Country Program 6 (CP-6). The
project was implemented in one year phases for four
years and has now been closed. However, it was felt that
it is critical to continue efforts at the ground level, so
Goal
The goal of the project is to improve the child sex
ratio in the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh
and Punjab.
Objectives
• To continue to raise awareness among
communities around relevant laws in favour
of safe abortions and against sex selective
abortions.
• To develop capacities of local institutions of
governance like panchayats to monitor the sex
ratio at birth and involve them in the campaign
against sex selective abortion
• To provide support and strength at the
community level through peer groups like
Mahila Mandal to help women take independent
decisions against sex selective abortion and in
favour of safe abortion.
• To monitor public institutions like government
health facilities and Anganwadi centres etc. to
ensure necessary support and services as a
measure to reduce sex selective abortions.
• To sensitize the para-medical staff like ANMs,
MPHWs and ASHAs about their role and
responsibilities towards this issue
• To work intensively with young target group to
bring about change in attitude of individuals
and families
that the impact achieved in these four years was not lost
and was sustained for the next three years at least to be
able to make any visible impact at the district level.
The project covers the basic activities at the grass root
level and advocacy at the district and state levels in the
states of Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh that
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Jaya Devi, a Member of Kanya Bachao Samiti,
Gram Panchayat Gadhkhal shared that she has
two daughters and will concentrate on raising
them well. She has enrolled her daughters in
the Public School in Nahan block of Sirmour
District in Himachal Pradesh.
are required to continue in order to sustain change.
The project began in March 2009 for a period of three
years and covers 55 Gram Panchayats of Dharmpur
and Nalagarh Blocks of Solan district and Nahan block
of Sirmour district in Himachal Pradesh and 10 villages
each from Fategarh Sahib & Patiala districts in Punjab
and Ambala & Kurukshetra districts in Haryana.
In Himachal Pradesh: An MoU was signed with
SUTRA in February 2009. As a first step, data from
civil registration system was collected from all the 55
Gram Panchayats. Based on the data, the sex ratio at
birth in Dharampur block was found to be 958:1000,
at Nalagarh block it was 961:1000 and in Nahan block
it was 1047:1000. The Kanya Bachao Samiti (KBS)
meetings have been organized at least once a month
in every village. Issues such as safe motherhood, effects
of unsafe abortions on woman’s reproductive health,
the perils of domestic violence and the widening gap
of sex ratio are discussed in these meetings. A total of
225 KBS with 1241 women members have been formed
in 55 Gram Panchayats. Success stories of women or
families, who have stopped discrimination against girls,
are discussed in the meetings. Examples of families,
who have adopted sterilization, in spite of not having
a male child, are proudly shared by the members. The
child sex ratio in their Gram Panchayat is deliberated
upon. The importance of early registration and ANC
checkups for pregnant women is stressed. Youth melas
were organized in the blocks of Nalagarh in Solan
district in July 2009 and Nahan in Sirmour district in
August 2009. 72 students [(37 boys and 35 girls from
Junior classes (6-8)] enthusiastically participated in the
Mela from both the blocks. Hoardings displaying the
child sex ratio of the Gram Panchayat over the years, set
up in the previous phase of the project were updated
in the blocks of Dharmpur (12), Nalagarh (10) and
Nahan (10). These hoardings, mostly displayed at the
Panchayat Bhawan, become the point of discussion
in Gram Sabhas. A Campaign on Safe Abortion has
been initiated in the project area in Himachal Pradesh,
wherein the field workers raise awareness on safe
abortion. The campaign also includes referring women
to government hospitals to avoid unsafe abortion.
In Punjab and Haryana: An MoU was signed with
VHAP in February 2009. As in the previous year of
the previous phase, the number of villages in Punjab
and Haryana had doubled to 20 villages each in four
districts, the first step in the current project was to
review the child sex ratio (CSR) in the intervention
villages and identify 40 villages with the lowest CSR
for this phase. In each district 2 clusters consisting of
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population foundation of India
5 intervention villages each have been formed, for ease
of monitoring of the project. A total of 8 clusters have
been formed. Data collection was done to get an idea
of the number of families with single male child in
the intervention villages. As part of the small family
norm, this is one of the new emerging trends in both
the states i.e. Haryana and Punjab. This was followed
by identification of the Social Change Agents: Social
Mobilizers and Key Stakeholders: Panchayat Leaders,
Youth Clubs, Para medical staff working at grassroots;
social mapping; updating the data and problem analysis.
Interface meetings were held with grassroots health
workers: ASHAs, ANMs, Village Panchayat, Youth
Clubs of two intervention districts of Punjab: Fatehgarh
Sahib and Patiala. Sensitization meetings were held
with para-medical staff, ANMs, MPHWs and ASHAs
and their training needs were discussed. Resource
materials for training and facilitation of meetings were
developed. On-the-spot competitions on ‘Painting and
Slogan Writing’ was organized in September 2009 for
Junior class students (6-8 classes) of various schools in
the villages of Ganeshpur, Korya Khurd and Behloli in
Shahzadpur block of district Ambala. About 35 (24 boys
and 11 girls), 63 (39 boys and 24 girls) and 31 (20 girls
and 11 boys) students participated in the competition
from the above schools respectively. A certificate of
participation was given to each participant. Several
meetings with PRIs and Sakshar Mahila Samuh were
held to continue discussion on the issue and strategies
to tackle the same. Local situation with local examples
were discussed. Village level meetings were held to
discuss various schemes/Government programmes to
raise awareness and create channels to link people with
these programmes. A day long state level coordination
meeting on Sex Selection/ Skewed Sex Ratio scenario in
the state of Punjab was held at ICSSR complex, Punjab
University, Chandigarh (UT) on 9th February, 2010.
The purpose of the meeting was to create a common
platform for the health officials and for the voluntary
sector representatives to discuss the scenario, the role
of the multiple factors responsible for the problem and
the emerging trends. A loose network of district level
NGOs was formed as an outcome of the meeting and a
plan was formulated to work collectively on the issue.
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Advocacy for Building Supportive Policy and Program
Environment on Rights Based Population and Family
Planning /Reproductive Health Issues in India
PFI has been implementing a three year
advocacy initiative (January 2007-December
2009) with support from the David and Lucile
Packard Foundation, USA. The strategies adopted
for the implementation of the project were: training
and orientation of government officials, judiciary,
Panchayati Raj Institutions, media and NGOs; building
state level alliances for monitoring NRHM and RCH-
II; creating resource pool of individuals and NGOs
for advocacy; and providing technical support to the
state governments to effectively implement sexual and
reproductive health programs.
Interventions for Youth: The Jharkhand Youth
Policy
In Jharkhand, the Foundation provided technical
assistance to the State Government for formulating the
Goal
The goal of the project is to facilitate formulation
and implementation of rights based policies and
programs on population and family planning/
reproductive health with focus on young people.
Objectives
• To support and sustain advocacy at the
national and state levels (Bihar and Jharkhand)
by further capacity building of institutional
partners.
• To ensure better delivery of FP/RH services in
underserved states like Bihar and Jharkhand
through monitoring of the National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) and Reproductive and Child
Health (RCH-Phase II) program.
• To strengthen regional advocacy for supportive
policy and programs on sexual and reproductive
health through technical assistance.
Jharkhand Youth Policy. The State Youth Policy was
approved by the Jharkhand Government in July 2008. PFI
extended its technical assistance to the State Government
in developing the Youth Policy Implementation Plan. In
addition to the two regional consultations organized at
Kolhan and Chotanagpur regions, three more regional
level consultations were organized in Santhal Pargana
(Dumka), Palamu (Betla) and South Chotanagpur
(Ranchi) regions in collaboration with the Department of
Youth, Government of Jharkhand, NGOs, youth based
organizations, teachers, journalist, intellectuals and
subject experts to collate inputs for the Implementation
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Plan. The compiled draft implementation plan
has been prepared and shared with PFI Delhi for
internal approval, which will be submitted to the state
government for further action.
The Department of Youth Affairs has approved the
construction of five Youth Resource Centres: one
State Youth Resource Centre in Ranchi, and four
Regional Youth Resource Centres in Chaibasa,
Palamau, Hazaribagh and Dumka. A letter received
from the Secretary, Youth Affairs was sent to Deputy
Commissioner of Hazaribagh, Palamu, Chaibasa &
Dumka to provide 0.25 acre of land for constructing
Regional Resource Centres. The Deputy Commissioner
Chaibasa and Deputy Commissioner Hazaribagh have
provided land for the construction of Regional Youth
Resource Centres (RYRCs) and the Department
has estimated an amount of Rs 31,25,000 for the
construction of RYRCs.
PFI is negotiating with the Department of Youth Affairs
for allotting a chamber in the stadium at Ranchi for the
construction of State Level Youth Resource Centre.
The YRC will function as a collaborative effort by the
government and the NGOs, who were part of the Youth
Policy Advisory Committee.
In Bihar, the Foundation is advocating with the state
government for the formal approval of draft Youth
Policy for Bihar. In the period under report, the draft
policy and the regional consultation recommendations
were sent to the Chief Minister’s office for consideration
and inter departmental agreement to put up it to the
Cabinet. The policy was placed in the cabinet but sent
back to the department with suggestions of review and
redrafting. PFI is in touch with the department to get
their consent to review and redraft the policy with the
help of a core group. It will then be submitted to the
department for cabinet approval.
Technical Support to National Cadet Corps of
Jharkhand for Formulation and Institutionalization
of Life Skills Education in NCC Curriculum
Based on the past experience of two batches of training
on Life Skills Education to Associated NCC Officers
(ANOs), the Foundation in collaboration with the
Child in Need Institute (CINI), Jharkhand and NCC
Group Commanding Officer, Jharkhand focused its
effort in finalizing the Life Skills Trainer’s manual
during the period under report. PFI had a series of
intensive discussions with the Group Commander of
NCC Jharkhand and finalized the NCC module. The
module was reviewed in consultation with some ANOs
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deputed by the group commander for the purpose and
pilot tested in a 10 day NCC camp during June 2009.
The technical support was taken from UNESCO in
finalizing the module.
Capacity Building of NGOs for Effective Advocacy
through Strategic Communication and Media
A series of training workshops on Strategic
Communication for Advocacy was undertaken for
capacity building of NGOs working in Bihar and
Jharkhand. PFI being the lead country organization
for dissemination of the tool to the larger audience,
in the reporting year has undertaken 21 batches of
training programs for 200 NGO representatives from
Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, New Delhi and Nepal. Twenty State
level Master Trainers have also been identified from
Bihar and Jharkhand. The Foundation also provided
technical support to the national coalition, Advocating
for Reproductive Choices (ARC), convened by FPAI,
in bringing out their five state advocacy plans of Uttar
Pradesh (March 4-6, 2010), Jharkhand (March 10-12,
2010), Madhya Pradesh (March 17-19, 2010), Bihar
(April 22-24, 2010) and Rajasthan (April 28-30, 2010)
with the focus to undertake advocacy with the state
governments for including contraceptive choices in the
basket of family planning services and repositioning
family planning.
The Foundation has finalized the Smart Chart tool as
per the requirement of Indian situation. The Foundation
has also planned to participate in the experience sharing
workshop organized by ROZAN (NGO) in Pakistan in
September 2010.
Advocacy with Parliamentarians
The PRS Legislative Research (PRS), an independent
initiative of the Centre for Policy Research (CPR), New
Delhi, aims to strengthen the legislative process in
India by way of better informed, more transparent and
participatory documents. The PRS is a non-partisan
organisation, which has been providing inputs to
Members of Parliament. It also has the experience in
tracking developments in Parliament on a daily basis.
PFI through a two-year support to PRS intended to
engage with policymakers on substantial issues around
population.
As an outcome of the effort, PRS has conducted
an orientation program for PFI staff, journalists/
NGO representatives of Bihar and civil society group
on understanding Parliament and engaging with
policymakers in law making process.
A day long orientation of journalists in Jharkhand
was organised during October 2009. About 50
Journalists from different media were oriented on the
legislative process and role of media in working with
Parliamentarians in addressing the issues of young
people, reproductive health and family planning issues.
PFI in collaboration with PRS prepared the following
Issue Briefs and Parliament tracking reports for
disseminating the important outcomes emerged
from the discussions and commitments made by the
Parliament in the peoples house.
Issue briefs developed on:
• Youth In India
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• NRHM – Decentralized system
• Sex Selection in India
• Safe Abortion Services in India
• Neo Natal Mortality in India
• Role of Panchayats in Social Sector Programs
• Health Legislation in 14th Lok Sabha
• Comparison of Election manifestos of major
political parties
• Issues related to youth in Parliament from 2004 –
2009
• Issues related to RCH in Parliament from 2004 –
2009.
Parliament tracking reports on:
• Reproductive and Child Health: Discussion in
Parliament Budget Session 2008
• Youth Related Issues: Discussion in Parliament
Budget session 2008
• Reproductive and Child Health Discussion in
Parliament Budget Session (February 2009).
• Youth related Issues Discussion in Parliament
Budget Session (February 2009).
Advocacy for Reproductive and Sexual Health
The Foundation facilitated the formation of a national
level coalition against the coercive two-child norm with
Centre for Health and Social Justice (CHSJ) as the
Secretariat in view of the possible inclusion of the two
child norm in Panchayat elections in Bihar and other
states of India. A network of NGOs, “Jan Adhikar
Manch” was formed in Bihar to mobilize and undertake
initiatives for intensive advocacy campaign on the issue.
As a result of these efforts, the two-child norm was
withdrawn from the state Municipal elections in Bihar.
However, the coalition is advocating for repealing the
two child norm from the panchayat elections in Bihar
and other states of India.
Two skill building workshops were conducted on ‘Two
Child Norm and Family Planning Insurance Schemes’
by the Secretariat. The coalition also facilitated the
formation of state level network on Matritwa Swasthya
Adhikar Manch in Jharkhand.
Conference on Gender Based Violence and Sexual
and Reproductive Health:
Continuing the support to the Centre for Health
and Social Justice (CHSJ) with a focus on civil society
monitoring of public health programs and policies and
alliance building on coercive population polices and on
right to maternal health, PFI has partially supported the
International Conference on Gender Based Violence
and Sexual and Reproductive Health organized by
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health
(NIRRH).
Following were the highlights of the support:
• The magnitude and determinants of gender based
violence were reviewed.
• The sexual and reproductive health consequences
of Gender Based Violence were explored.
• The experiences of programs and interventions for
the prevention of Gender Based Violence, their
impact on SRH and gaps and challenges were
shared.
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The objective of the
round table was to
deliberate upon the issues
and concerns regarding
contraceptive use and
services in the country.
• Relevant policies, programs and their
implementation were reviewed.
The workshop ended with recommendations on
program strategies and policies to address Gender Based
Violence and SRH.
ICPD + 15
PFI supported the ICPD Secretariat led by the Centre for
Health and Social Justice in undertaking the Regional
Conference for the East Zone states of Bihar, Jharkhand
and West Bengal during February 13-14, 2010. The
objective of the conference were to share the gains and
gaps – ICPD + 15 among the participating NGOs to create
an environment on health policy and programming
since ICPD and for initiation of advocacy efforts with
policymakers with special attention on Tribal as well as
women’s health and Maternal Health. The review in
terms of ICPD promises and reality, abortion in India,
adolescent and young people, contraception, maternal
health, population & development, male participation,
sexuality and sexual & reproductive health & rights,
HIV/AIDS and financial commitments were shared
with the NGO representatives and other dignitaries,
who have attended the conference. The Secretariat was
also supported to bring out a set of fact sheets on the
focused areas of ICPD +15.
Following the conference a day-long roundtable was
organized by the Secretariat with the support from PFI
on March 31, 2010 at the India International Centre,
New Delhi. The objective of the round table was to
deliberate upon the issues and concerns regarding
contraceptive use and services in the country.
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Regional Resource Centres for Bihar and Chhattisgarh
The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
(MoHFW), Government of India (GoI) had
initiated the Mother NGO (MNGO) scheme
under the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)
programme in 1999 and established four Regional
Resource Centres (RRCs) for covering the entire
country. The scheme was revamped in 2005 and
keeping in view the scope of work, the pool of regional
resource centres was expanded from 4 to 10. These
institutions were given a mandate to provide technical
assistance and support to the State NGO Committees,
Mother NGOs (MNGOs), Service NGOs (SNGOs),
Field NGO networks (FNGOs) and other stakeholders
across the country. PFI is the Regional Resource Centre
for the states of Bihar and Chhattisgarh.
Initiated in April 2005, the total project period was
initially for 5 years. Extensions have been received from
Government on an annual basis. In order to strengthen
the programme, PFI has put additional technical staff in
Chhattisgarh and supported through PFI core funds.
The key strategies of the RRC program include:
providing technical assistance to Mother NGO/
Field NGO networks on issues of Reproductive and
Child Health and related areas; act as a catalyst and
facilitate networking and advocacy between government
and the civil society in addition to providing inputs
to Government of India in order to enable policy
modifications /formulations for NGO programmes.
During the year 2009-2010, the concurrent training
needs assessment continued in both the states and
the gaps were addressed. The RRCs disseminated
and distributed different training manuals and
publications. Training manuals on `Quality of Care’
Objectives
• Support for project development, training in
program and technical areas, dissemination of
relevant training and communication material.
• Creating and facilitating access to database
of technical and human resources relevant to
family planning and RCH interventions.
• Conducting periodic field visits for technical
assistance and training needs assessment and
follow-up of effectiveness of inputs.
• Providing a platform for advocacy to facilitate
GO-NGO networking.
• Providing inputs to GoI to enable policy
modification/formulation for NGO programmes
and `Community Needs Assessment’ were brought
out during the reporting period. Database on BCC/
IEC materials was updated from Government, National
NGOs and International NGOs in both the states.
MNGO profiles was updated.
The RRCs in both the states advocated for implementation
of Service NGO scheme (SNGO). Networking was done
with other RRCs, Public Health Resource Network
(NRHM), MoHFW, State Government , NGO
coordinators, national and international networks like
Pathfinder International and Bihar Voluntary Health
Association (BVHA). Resource material on MNGO/
FNGO evaluation was shared with other RRCs.
Regional Resource Centre, Chhattisgarh
During the reporting period, an experience sharing
workshop was organised for FNGOs in Dhamtari
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district, where strategies for ensuring better coverage
and interventions were worked out. IEC material
on adolescent health was shared with District Health
Society, Dhamtari and was accepted for dissemination.
The RRC facilitated the preparation of District
Programme Implementation Plan (PIP) of Dhamtari
and Kanker districts.
RRC Chhattisgarh participated in the evaluation of
targeted intervention programme by Chhattisgarh State
AIDS Control Society and is evaluating two partners in
Raigarh district.
Training on the MIS (Management Information System)
was also conducted, where all the MNGOs/ FNGOs
were made conversant with the various formats. MNGOs
were also oriented for the mid-term evaluation of the
FNGOs. Formats for data collection were shared with
the MNGOs. Field validation by RRC proved useful for
the MNGOs/ FNGOs for better implementation and
identifying key issues.
The RRC, Chhattisgarh participated in the meeting for
the mid-term appraisal of the 11th Five Year Plan on
Health, Children, Women and Minorities organised
by VHAI and CGVHA with support from UNIFEM
and UNICEF. RRC also participated in the workshop
to launch the Rural Health Insurance by Government
of Chhattisgarh.
Advocacy with District Health Society for involvement of
FNGOs in the implementation of some of the activities
like Information Education Communication, baseline
surveys and organising ANC camps etc. resulted in
involvement of FNGOs in 5 districts. FNGOs also
helped District health officials in Champa district to
organise NSV camps.
Advocacy was also done at the district level to involve
MNGOs and FNGOs in the process of development of
District Health Action Plan as a result of which MNGOs
& FNGOs are now working in close coordination with
district authorities. At the state level, the RRC advocated
for MNGO fund disbursement and establishment of
monitoring structures for MNGO scheme. Funds were
disbursed for 2 more MNGOs in the state. Regular
meetings were held with State NGO Coordinator.
The RRC Chhattisgarh is seen in the state as a resource
by the state government and consulted on many techno
managerial issues. It has also been providing technical
inputs to corporates for implementing their Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) activities .
Regional Resource Centre, Bihar
The RRC, Bihar organised a State Level Consultation
on ‘Community Based Monitoring of Health Services
under NRHM’. The state officals and other stakeholders
involved in the community processes were sensitized on
the issue. A plan of action was prepared for initiating
the community based monitoring in the state on pilot
basis.
A State Level Consultation on ‘Initiatives of Jan Sankhya
Sthirtha Kosh in Bihar’ in collaboration with Jan
Sankhya Sthirtha Kosh, Delhi was organized. Various
stakeholders like NGOs, head of the departments of
Patna Madical College and Nalanda Medical College
participated in the meeting.
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Five MNGOs from Bihar participated in the Eastern
Regional Conference on ‘Population, Health & Social
Development’ organised by PFI in Bhubaneshwar in
February 2010 as part of its 40th year celebrations. The
conference helped MNGOs to develop a perspective on
the demographic and health transition process in Bihar,
importance of reproductive health issues among youth
and strategies to address these issues.
The RRC Bihar participated in various meetings,
workshops and trainings during the year. These included:
(i) four days training on ‘Maternal and Peri-natal Death
Enquiry and Response (MAPEDIR)’ organised by
UNICEF; (ii) meeting on ‘Bihar Health Sector Reform
Programme’ organised by DFID/ Bihar Technical
Assistance Support Team; (iii) State Level Workshop on
‘Public-Private Partnership for Primary Health Care in
Bihar’ organised jointly by PFI and Karuna Trust; (iv)
‘State Level Gram Shree Mela’ organised by AANSVA,
Bihar; (v) ‘Strategic Planning Workshop for Bihar and
Jharkhand’ organised by PFI in January 2010 in Delhi;
(vi) advocacy meeting on issues of YRSHR with focus
on implementation of ARSH in Bihar Legislative
Council organised by Child Rights Committee, Bihar;
(vii) meeting for launch of RAKSHA project organized
by Pathfinder International and Bihar SHS; and (viii)
meeting for formation of district level advocacy forum
for ‘Girl Child Survival and Implementation of Pre
Conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques
(PCPNDT) Act’ organized by BVHA.
Reports of regional and state level thematic workshops
organized earlier on ‘Institutional Delivery’ were also
prepared.
The RRC Bihar advocated for release of funds to the
MNGOs through several meetings with the Principal
Secretary (Health), Executive Director, State Health
Society and Health Minister, Bihar. It advocated for
approval of SNGOs and provided technical inputs to
state government for development of Bihar state PIP
for initiation of Community Based Planning and
Monitoring of Health Services under NRHM. The RRC
Bihar facilitated the preparation of state PIP (2010-
11) for ASHA program under NRHM. As a result of
advocacy efforts for the implementation of community
based planning and monitoring of health services in
the state, it has been included in the PIP and is to be
operationalised in a few districts. The state has also
asked for technical support for its roll-out.
The program envisages working in close collaboration
with the civil society organisations, NGO division of
Ministry of Health and the state government of both the
states to build sustainable capacities for implementation
of reproductive and child health program.
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Scaling Up Pilot Projects in Reproductive Health and
Adolescent Health in India
PFI, with technical support from Management
Systems International (MSI) and financial support
from the MacArthur Foundation, has undertaken
this project since July, 2008. It has been using MSI’s
Scaling-Up Management (SUM) Framework as a tool
to help facilitate the scaling up process. Adopting this
framework and following its three-task-ten-step process,
PFI has been providing technical support to a diverse
range of models in the field of reproductive and child
health (RCH) and young people’s reproductive and
sexual health (YPRSH).
PFI’s focus on scaling up is due to the recognition that
there exist a number of models or pilots which have
demonstrated ‘significant’ impact on health outcomes.
Yet, these models have either never been scaled up or
if scaled up, have lost significantly on effectiveness and
quality. One of the main reasons for this is the implicit
assumption that scaling up happens spontaneously i.e.
good ideas naturally attract the interest of governments,
donors and other civil society organizations and
actual implementation at large scale is often taken for
granted.
Through the scaling up project PFI has been promoting
a more pro-active approach to scaling up wherein it
identifies models with evidence of impact, assesses
their scalability and then works with the implementing
Gosls
• To facilitate the scaling up of successful model
interventions for reducing maternal mortality
and morbidity and addressing young people’s
sexual health and reproductive rights.
• To establish Population Foundation of India
(PFI) as centre of excellence for Scaling Up
Management in India
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population foundation of India
organisation to scale up the model. This includes
undertaking processes such as evidence building,
assessment of environmental and technical challenges
for scaling up, engagement of multiple stakeholders,
creating capacity for large-scale implementation and
effective advocacy at various levels.
During the period under report, the Foundation has
worked with the following models:
• Home Based Newborn and Child Care (HBNCC),
implemented by SEARCH, Gadchiroli,
Maharashtra: The model focuses on reducing
neonatal mortality and maternal morbidity through
home-based neonatal care and management of
asphyxia and sepsis through community health
workers. This model has proven success of reducing
neonatal mortality by over seventy percent and in
varied socio-cultural settings (field tested under
Gadchiroli, Ankur and ICMR trials)
Specific Objectives of the Project•
• To build sustainable capacities within PFI
to function as an independent scaling-up
intermediary and carry scaling-up work beyond
grant period
• To continue support to some of the NGO models
funded by the MacArthur Foundation and PFI
in Phase I of the project that showed strong
potential to go to scale
• To scan for successful innovations in India
on adolescent reproductive and sexual health
(ARSH) and facilitate them go to scale
• To scan for successful innovations within public
health sector and advocate for scaling up
• To create a conducive environment at national
and state levels for scaling-up successful NGO
interventions
• Community Based Health Insurance program
implemented by Vimo-SEWA, Ahmedabad,
Gujarat: The model explores a voluntary, integrated
insurance product, which includes life insurance,
health insurance covering hospital stay, asset
protection for hut and contents, and accidental
death coverage. In some areas, the insurance
includes a cashless tie-up system with health care
providers.
• Public Private Partnership Model of PHC
Management implemented by Karuna Trust,
Karnataka: The model aims at improving the
accessibility and availability of health services by the
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community through undertaking the management
of primary health centers (PHCs) and sub-centers
from the State government and adopting effective
management and financial practices. It not only
upgrades the facility but also ensures round-the-
clock primary health care services in the catchment
area of the PHC. In addition to the regular
deliverables, Karuna Trust also delivers many value
added services which include community health
insurance, herbal garden, tele-medicine etc.
• Community Health Care Management Initiative
(CHCMI) implemented by the Department of
Panchayat and Rural Development, Government
of West Bengal: The focus of CHCMI is on
promoting community involvement in health
care management through awareness generation
and capacity building of PRIs and SHGs. PRIs
and SHGs are engaged in a range of public health
interventions including social mobilization for
demand creation, monitoring ICDS and Health
functionaries in order to improve service provision,
and village level planning for health.
• Promoting Rights-based Action to Improve Youth
& Adolescent Sexual & Reproductive Health &
HIV & AIDS in India (PRAYASH) implemented
by Child in Need Institute (CINI), West Bengal
and Jharkhand: The PRAYASH pilot is designed as
a randomized control trial and is based on CINI’s
learning from its earlier project ‘Demonstration
The Key Strategies Adopted
I. Organizational capacity building of PFI and
other public health institutions and civil society
organizations on Scaling Up Management
II. Promoting the integration of ‘scaling up’ in
proposal development and grant making of
all projects
III. Supporting organizations in scaling up
promising practices or successful pilots
projects:
a) Conducting theme based scans and
identifying scalable models through
scalability assessments
b) Conducting visioning and strategic
planning workshops for scaling up
c) Supporting institutional strengthening,
capacity building and advocacy for
scaling up
d)Developing mechanisms for monitoring
implementation at scale and evaluation
of scaled up programs
of Comprehensive Young People Reproductive
Health Programme (DCYPRHP)’ in West Bengal.
The mainstay of the model is the establishment of
community-based youth drop-in-centres (DICs) as a
safe space for the youth to meet and for provision
of sexual and reproductive health information and
services. The key strategies adopted by the model
include community-based behaviour change,
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promotion of youth-friendly service delivery and
youth-led advocacy.
• Adolescent Health Model implemented by
Himalayan), Institute Hospital Trust (HIHT)
Uttarakhand: The model is aimed at enhancing
the overall health and development of adolescents
by focusing on reproductive and sexual health, with
an additional component of career opportunities.
The key components include capacity building of
stakeholders, behavior change communication and
knowledge, information and training services for
adolescents.
Key Highlights/ Activities undertaken
• A ‘National Partnership for Scaling-Up of HBNCC’ was created, which resulted in an effective partnership
for scaling up the HBNCC model with organizations like Save the Children, CARE and National Health
Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC).
• PFI developed an NGO database to support Vimo-SEWA select potential NGO partners for scaling up
their Community Based Health Insurance programme. These efforts facilitated Vimo-SEWA in scaling
up its initiatives in South Gujarat and Rajasthan.
• PFI supported Karuna Trust (KT), Bangalore in strengthening its capacity for scaling up its PPP Model
of PHC Management through capacity building workshops on institutional development. It also
supported KT in strengthening its scaling up proposal which was subsequently approved for funding.
KT is currently in the process of scaling up its model in 5 States of the country with PFI providing
ongoing technical support.
• An assessment of the Community Health Care Management Initiative (CHCMI) of the Department of
Panchayati Raj, Government of West Bengal was undertaken. The assessment revealed the need for
strengthening existing capacity building and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) mechanisms as well
as the need for documenting the model. PFI is currently supporting the West Bengal Government in
documenting a case study of the CHCMI model.
• A ‘Monograph on Young People’s Reproductive and Sexual Health Programmes (YPRSH)’ was released
on July 6, 2009. The Monograph includes a scan of pilot projects in the area of YPRSH.
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Production and Management of a Radio Programme
‘Babli Boli’ for Rural
Women and Related Community Based Activities
Babli Boli’, a 52 episode radio program is primarily
meant for generating awareness on HIV/AIDS,
RCH and Family Planning. It was produced as a
drama series and was primarily targeted on rural women
(15 to 29 years). The secondary audience were service
providers, influencers, opinion shapers and leaders,
media personnel and faith based leaders.
A Formative Research was undertaken to further refine
the audience segment. Scripts were finalized on the basis
of design documents prepared in a workshop with the
technical inputs of John Hopkins University, Center of
Communication Programmes, Mumbai.
The radio programme was broadcast on the All
India Radio network, over the entire northern India.
Community mobilization activities focused in 7 districts
of Rajasthan and Bihar.
Pre-test of the radio programme was done before the
broadcast. As part of the Community Mobilization,
100 Listener’s Clubs were formed in each district and
post broadcast, the programs were distributed to the
NGO partners in CDs for additional exposure. Process
evaluation was conducted through regular monitoring
visits and activities such as analysis of audience letters. A
mechanism for continuous feedback from the listeners’
clubs and other regular listeners was developed and
incorporated into the radio programmes.
MoU with UNDP: The Grant Agreement with UNDP
was signed in May 2009 and the project commenced
from June 1, 2009.
Workshops for developing the design document for the
entire 52 episodes were organized by NACO, with PFI
developing the design document and detailed message
content, in two phases. The radio programme was
Gosls
The radio programme is a step towards integration
of RCH/Family Planning and HIV/AIDS issues by
including messages on reproductive health and
family planning together with information on HIV/
AIDS to increase awareness about health risks and
motivate behavior change among the vulnerable
and general population, especially among women
and youth.
Objectives
• To increase in knowledge on ante natal and
post natal care and the correct modes of
transmission of HIV among rural women
• To increase consistent condom use among
sexually active young people and among
general public
• To increase utilization of service centers like
PHCs and CHCs for seeking reproductive health
services
• To use Integrated Counseling & Testing
service centers available in health centers for
counseling and testing
• Increase public discourse on reproductive
health, family planning and HIV/AIDS
• Increase self-efficacy among rural women
named ‘Babli Boli’.
Identification and Selection of NGO Partners: NGO
partners were identified in the seven selected districts
to undertake the community based activities, in
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association with State AIDS Control Societies of
Bihar and Rajasthan. In Bihar, Shaktivardhini for East
Champaran district and Jan Nirman for Sitamarhi
district were selected to implement the programme.
In Rajasthan, Bal Sansar Sanstha (BSS) was selected
for Ajmer, Humana People to People India (HPPI)
for Alwar, CECOEDECON for Jaipur, GRAVIS for
Jodhpur and SURE for Barmer.
Networking with Stakeholders: Networking with State
AIDS Control Society/State Mainstreaming Unit
started in Bihar and Rajasthan. SACS were requested to
support and be involved in the programme.
Capacity Building of NGO partners: A state level
Training of Trainers (TOT) workshop for Project
Coordinators and Field Coordinators of two states was
conducted in SIHFW, Jaipur on August 10, 2009 to
update their knowledge levels on various issues of HIV/
AIDS and train them as Master Trainers to train 700
Listeners’ Club leaders in Bihar and Rajasthan. The
TOT also aimed at building their capabilities as radio
reporters to send field bytes, which were included in
subsequent episodes.
District/Block Level Trainings were organized for the
Club leaders in all seven districts. The basic objectives
were to enhance their knowledge levels on various
issues of RH/Family Planning/HIV/AIDS, clarify the
role and activities of the Listeners’ Clubs and to build
their capabilities as Radio Reporters.
Production of Radio Programmes: An MoU was
signed with the production house, M/s. Swar Sudha
Entertainment, New Delhi for writing the scripts and
production of 52 episodes radio programme, Babli
Boli.
Training on Radio Reporting: During the state level
ToT workshop, the Script Writer and Director of the
radio programme from Swarsudha also attended the
programme and provided training on the desired
reporting style. Seven digital audio recorders were
provided by Swarsudha to the trained supervisors and
Listeners’ Clubs leaders to send their feedback.
Formative Research: A formative research was carried
out in sample area of Bihar and Rajasthan to understand
the existing behavior of the target audience and their
media habits. The outcomes of the formative research
suggested that television and radio were most preferred
channels among the target communities. The issues to
be focused were stigma and discrimination, shyness,
treatment and curability of RTIs / STIs and HIV/
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AIDS, as the respondents were less aware about its
duration and curability.
Pre-Test: The initial 3 episodes of the radio programme
were also pre-tested in selected villages of Bihar and
Rajasthan. In the pre-test, it was revealed that the
format of the episodes was found to be the “most
interesting”. Comprehension of messages was quick.
The communication, content, messages and the way
of dissemination were very well appreciated but, some
women suggested broadcast should be in local dialect.
Broadcast on AIR Network: The first episode of
the radio programme, Babli Boli went on air on 9th
September, 2009 and was broadcast twice a week, on
every Wednesday and Thursday at 12.30 – 1.00 PM on
Vividh Bharti and 1.30 – 2.00 PM on FM Rainbow
apart from the local radio stations, as per the availability
of time slots in the afternoon.
Observance of Special Days: As a part of community
mobilization, Listeners’ Clubs observed various days
of importance. World AIDS Day was observed on 1st
December, 2009 across the 7 projects districts of Ajmer,
Alwar, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Barmer of Rajasthan and East
Champaran and Sitamarhi districts of Bihar. Members
of the Listeners’ Clubs observed the day in association
with local schools, colleges, NGOs, PLHA Networks,
and Community Care Centers.
National Youth Day was also celebrated on January 12,
2010, with the listeners clubs in the villages. The core
issues of HIV/AIDS and ways to its prevention were
discussed. Though participation was poor due to the
agricultural season in the villages, NGO workers tried
meeting the club members personally at their houses.
Filler on STI/RTI: A five minute filler called “Dil Ki
Batein” on ‘STI prevention and treatment’ produced
by BBC World Service Trust, was included in the radio
programme as per the instruction of NACO.
Village Level Publicity: Two different designs of posters
and leaflets were developed and distributed on “Babli
Boli” as part of village level publicity. These posters
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Challenges faced : Non-availability of radio sets persisted
in the villages due to which women could not listen to the
programme regularly. During the timing of the programme,
women had ample amount of household work. The time
of the programme does not match with the provision of
electricity in the villages. Parallel work at NREGA sites posed
a problem as women could not devote time to listen to it.
were fixed at strategic locations to attract the villagers,
inform them about the radio programme and initiate
discussion on the programme.
Broadcast: During the reporting period, 35th to
52nd episodes were broadcast on Vividh Bharati, FM
Rainbow and Primary Radio Stations in the Northern
region. With this, the total number of episodes to be
broadcast during the project period is over.
Community Mobilization Efforts:
• Networking with local NGOs, the State AIDS
Control Societies of Rajasthan and Bihar and
block/district level NRHM offices have been done
by the NGO partners for effectiveness of the radio
programme in other villages where Listeners’ Clubs
were not formed.
• Posters were fixed at strategic locations in the
villages. Posters and leaflets were also distributed
to local panchayats, PRI members, health service
providers like ASHA, ANM.
• Group meetings were organized with the presence
of local PRI members, AWW, ASHA and other
volunteers. Representatives from district level
networks of positive people and outreach workers
of the local Community Care Centers were also
invited to speak on Integrated Counseling and
Testing Center services, Ante Retroviral Therapy
services, Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission
services, STI Clinics of NACO and State AIDS
Control Societies.
• Impact Evaluation conducted by NACO: An Impact
Evaluation Study was undertaken during this period
by NACO through an external research agency.
NACO officials, along with the representatives
of the research agency, visited all the districts and
conducted this evaluation. The report from NACO
is awaited.
As per the feedback received from the partners on this
study, it was reported that the non-availability of radio
sets have been the major bottleneck in implementation
of the programme due to which the radio programmes
have not been listened to regularly by the Listeners’
Clubs.
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The 11th JRD Tata Memorial Oration: ‘Demographic
Dividend or Debt’
The 11th JRD Tata Memorial Oration
‘Demographic Dividend or Debt’ was delivered
by Dr. Nitin Desai, Member, National Security
Advisory Board & The Prime Minister’s Council on
Climate Change, Former Under Secretary of the United
Nations, on March 26, at New Delhi. The Oration
is part of a lecture series that was started while Mr.
JRD Tata was the Chairman, as part of PFI’s advocacy
programme. A lecture series under the title “Encounter
with Population Crisis” was instituted in 1990, inviting
important international and national celebrities to
deliver lectures on critical issues related to population
and to carry the debate forward.
The welcome address was delivered by Mr. A. R Nanda,
Executive Director, PFI followed by opening remarks
from Mr. Hari Shankar Singhania, Chairperson,
Governing Board, PFI. He mentioned that this
Memorial Oration is an important event in the PFI
Calendar for three reasons. The Oration provides an
opportunity for PFI to pay its tributes to JRD Tata one
of the co-founders of the Foundation. The second and
equally important reason is that the Oration is given
by distinguished speakers. The third reason is that that
this year the Population Foundation of India has turned
40. This Oration marks forty years of relentless efforts
to achieve our Founder Board Chairperson Mr. JRD
Tata’s vision of population stabilization for growth and
development in the country.
While delivering the Oration, Dr. Desai commented
on the challenge of reform being acute in the five
Northern States: Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, where the bulk of this
demographic dividend will be realized over the next
decades. If these States continue to lag behind the rest
of the country then the demographic dividend may well
become a demographic trap with a large disaffected
population of unemployed youth turning to different
varieties of extremism and violence. Hence, a summary
prescription for realizing the demographic dividend is
radical root and branch reform of the public sector and
rapid growth in the Northern States as a central aim of
development policy.
The major challenge for realizing this demographic
dividend is to unleash dynamism in the public sector,
providers of infrastructure and services. We need the
1991 private sector type of reform for the management
and running of the public sector in order to realize
the demographic dividend which requires an order of
magnitude change in education and vocational training.
It also poses huge challenges for urban development.
Both of these are areas where the process of reform has
barely begun. The reform of public sector management
has to take place in a political environment where
coalition compulsions have come to dominate public
policy. The politics of patronage has acquired greater
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importance and this has become a barrier to the reforms
that we need.
He concluded by saying that the demographic dividend
is a supply side potential in that working people can
be an asset for growth and development. But to realize
this potential, the economy must grow in a manner
that generates productive work opportunities at the
scale required to absorb the growth in the work force
and the education and vocational training system
must provide them with the skills required to use these
opportunities.
The vote of thanks was delivered by Mr. B.G
Deshmukh, Vice Chairman, Governing Board,
PFI.
The Oration was attended by representatives of
the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, NACO,
National Human Rights Commission, and other
Government Departments, Non-Government
Organizations, international agencies including
UNFPA, USAID, World Bank, WHO, MacArthur
Foundation, Packard Foundation, media
representatives and Corporate partners.
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annual report 2009-10
World Population Day
To commemorate the World Population Day on July
11, 2009, PFI organized events in collaboration with
the SMILE Foundation in Delhi and with the office of
the Director General, Family Welfare, Chief Medical
Officer, Lucknow, NRHM, SIFPSA and Population
Research Centre (PRC), Department of Economics,
University of Lucknow in Lucknow.
In Delhi
As part of the World Population Day eve celebrations
on July 10, 2009, SMILE Foundation and PFI organized
a “Walkathon” from Tolstoy Marg to 7, Jantar Mantar
Marg. The theme was “Beti Bhi Apni Hai”.
The Magsaysay awardee, Dr. Kiran Bedi, (IPS) and
Master Akshat, Child Artiste and winner of National
Child Award for exceptional achievement in Performing
Arts joined the advocacy campaign as Chief Guest and
Special Guest respectively.
The Walkathon continued with a street play performance
at Patel Smarak sensitizing people on “Female Foeticide”.
Mahek Group helped in performing the street play.
The Hindu, The Statesman, CNEB and Sahara Samay
joined in from the media. The celebrations were telecast
in CNEB’s news bulletin on July 10, 2009 in the
afternoon and evening sessions.
In Lucknow
Two programmes were organized on this occasion:
Awareness Rally
It was organized by Chief Medical Officer, Lucknow
and around 700 children and teachers from 11 schools
participated in the rally. T-shirts and caps, sponsored by
PFI were distributed among the children. Mr. Chandra
Bhanu, District Magistrate, Lucknow, flagged off the
rally in front of Vidhan Sabha, Lucknow. Director
General, Family Welfare; Director General, Health and
other officers from the Health department participated
in the rally. In addition, CMO office had also arranged
debate and poster painting competitions for school
children in their respective schools. The prizes for these
events were sponsored by PFI.
World Population Day Event with Population
Research Centre
It was organized with PRC, University of Lucknow at
Malviya Hall, University of Lucknow. The programme
was chaired by Dr C B Prasad, Director General, Family
Welfare. Two posters: socio- development indicators and
IMR of districts of UP prepared by PFI and a leaflet on
selected indicators of all the districts of Uttar Pradesh
(DLHS III) were released on this occasion.
Two research papers: Gender Gap in Education and
Poverty Situation in Uttar Pradesh by Dr. Rajesh
Chauhan, Joint Director, PRC and Demographic
Scenario and Population Stabilization in Uttar Pradesh
by Dr. Subroto Mondal, Sr. Programme Manager, PFI
were presented. The programme was attended by about
170 representatives from government departments,
university and voluntary agencies. The programme was
well covered by the media and became the top story in
almost all the newspapers on the next day.
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Endline Evaluation
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population foundation of India
Promotion of Family Initiatives to Address Family
Planning and Reproductive and Child Health Needs
through Increased Male Participation
Uttar Pradesh is one of the largest states in
the country with poor socio-demographic
indicators. The female literacy rate and sex
ratio are lower than the national average. In addition,
the state has high fertility and infant mortality. Only
22% of the women are using any modern contraceptive
methods in the state as against 42.8% at the national
level. Most commonly accepted modern contraceptive
method is female sterilization and use of spacing method
is very low although there is high unmet need for family
planning. Male involvement remains one of the key
issues in any Reproductive Health intervention. The
non participation of men, who remain the key decision
makers in our society, continues to be a bottleneck in the
reach of the programmes to the marginalized sections
comprising women and children. Repeated pregnancies
are detrimental to the health of a woman and this is
another important area, where male involvement can
make a significant difference. Males can have a role
in planning pregnancies, avoiding unwanted births by
adopting family planning methods (specially condoms).
Therefore, the project aimed at active participation of
men to address family planning and reproductive health
needs in the state.
The project was implemented by Center for Rural
Entrepreneurship and Technical Education (CREATE),
Lucknow in 42 selected villages covering a population
of 70,000 in Rajgarh block in Mirzapur district in Uttar
Pradesh with support from Population Foundation of
India (PFI). It was a three year project (October 2006 to
September 2009).
The project was evaluated by an external research
agency: Development Facilitators, New Delhi with the
following objectives:
Goal
The goal of the project was to promote health
seeking behaviour of families through increased
male involvement for family planning, safe
motherhood and child health services.
Objectives
• To enhance the knowledge, attitude and
practices on family planning, safe motherhood
and child health practices among eligible
couples and especially men in the family.
• To address the unmet need for contraception,
increasing access and choices of modern family
planning methods among eligible couples,
including more of male methods.
• To facilitate provision of services for safe
motherhood and primary immunization.
• To document and disseminate the lessons
learnt.
• To assess the change in male involvement in health
and family planning activities.
• To assess the contraceptive prevalence including
Non Scalpel Vasectomy.
• To identify the change in knowledge of all modern
methods of Family Planning from baseline.
• Estimate the change in full ANC coverage at the
endline compared to baseline.
• To assess the status of safe delivery at the endline
compared to baseline.
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annual report 2009-10
• To estimate the change in institutional delivery
from baseline to endline
• To estimate the status of complete immunization at
the endline compared to baseline.
• To document various measures taken up by the
intervening organization, assess their effectiveness,
identify and document best practices and lessons
learned.
• To analyze institutional strength and weakness
in facilitating better project planning and
implementation.
• Tounderstandinstitutionalstrategyforsustainability
of the project.
The methodology adopted for evaluation of the project
was a combination of both quantitative and qualitative
research techniques.
Some of the key findings of the endline evaluation are:
Project Impact
• Male participation in child immunization had
increased from 38% to above 60% indicated
that an increased number of male members were
motivated in taking the lead role in ensuring
immunization of their children by accompanying
them to immunization booths for vaccination.
• There was nearly a two-fold increase in attending
the minimum three antenatal check-ups (from 22%
to 39.3%) and significant increase in full ANC
coverage from 4.8% to 14.3%.
• There was an increase in institutional delivery
from 21.8% to 53.7%. As a natural corollary, the
proportion of safe delivery had also increased from
14.4% to 56.1% during the project period.
• Knowledge on different modern family planning
methods (pill, condom, IUD, male and female
sterilization) has increased from 17.2 % to 57.8%.
• It was found that Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
(CPR) for modern method has increased from 42
% to 57.9% and CPR for any method increased
from 42.7 % to 59.7% in the project area.
Promising Practices, Lesson Learnt and
Recommendations
• Most of the interventions under the project
were “couple centric”, which had very effectively
integrated role and responsibilities of both husband
and wife in determining reproductive health
choices, women’s health issues and responsible
parenthood.
• Appointment of male link workers under the
intervention project has helped in ensuring
effective male to male communication ensuring
informed choice of family planning methods. The
bottom line of such practice had culminated in an
overwhelmingly increased number of NSV adopters
in project villages.
• Under the project, the practice of “Cluster Group
Meeting” was adopted in all project villages to
share information and progress of the project and
to discuss family planning and child health issues.
It was an innovative strategy through which rapport
was established with the community in different
villages in a cluster.
• A calendar on family planning and reproductive
health issues was developed and distributed to
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population foundation of India
the community. It was a well appreciated method
to spread the message on family planning and
reproductive health. In addition, a film (For A
Better Tomorrow) was produced on the project
activities and was showed to the project population
through community shows.
• Display of messages through wall writings and
kiosks at prominent places backed by other support
mechanisms such as FP & RCH counseling and
services, strengthened the behaviour change among
project population. Distribution of calendars with
apt messages regarding male involvement was well
appreciated and accepted.
• NSV adopters were rewarded by engaging them as
link workers in the project. This had an encompassing
effect on the programme implementation as the
beneficiaries turned out to be not just acceptors of
male methods of family planning but as motivators
and played a role model to the community.
• Link workers are an important mechanism to
ensure augmented understanding and information
seeking behaviours of target groups on reproductive
health. Involving men from the same community
by roping them as male link workers and obtaining
their support to expand the RCH inputs had helped
desirably to influence the male segment in family
planning matters.
• Under the intervention, it was noted that resources
developed at the village level (male and female link
workers) are best bets if equipped with interpersonal
communication tools and knowledge. They provide
sustainability to the interventions and activities
once the project is withdrawn by the implementing/
donor agency.
• Maximum impact of intervention could possibly be
garnered by ensuring involvement of stakeholders
such as ANMs, ASHAs, AWWs under the project.
This strategy in turn led to better integration and
convergence of project activities. It was thus, learnt
that networking with ongoing programmes and
existing health facility should be overarched to
ensure sustainability and strengthening intervention
activities.
• Registered Medical Practitioners play a key role
in the rural health care delivery system. They are
the first referrals in the community networks that
provide basic health care and family planning
services. Similarly, traditional role models that
include community and religious leaders are
important conduits through which people get
encouraged to accept health programmes. These
two categories of community collectives were not
sufficiently integrated under the intervention,
which could have impacted the programme goals.
• The knowledge base and exposure of the female
link workers should have been updated and aligned
with the community strategies adopted to achieve
the project goal. Their networking skills should
have been augmented and they should have been
the focal link in establishing strong linkages with
the community.
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annual report 2009-10
HIV/AIDS Programme
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population foundation of India
The Global Fund Round 4 and Round 6 HIV/Aids
Programme
The Population Foundation of India has been
implementing the Round 4 and Round 6 HIV/
AIDS programs on care and support funded by
the Global Fund. PFI is the first civil society Principal
Recipient of the Global Fund grants in India under
the Round 4 program. PFI complements the national
program on roll out of treatment, care and support for
People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The National
AIDS Control Organization (NACO) is providing Anti-
Retroviral Treatment (ART) through the public health
facilities. The PFI led Non-Governmental Organisation
(NGO)/private sector consortium is providing care
and support services to People Living with HIV
(PLHIV). Round 4: ‘Access to Care and Treatment
(ACT) Program’ was being implemented in six high
prevalence states in India. Round 6: ‘Promoting Access
to Care and Treatment (PACT) Program’ expanded
the operational area to eight highly vulnerable states
of India: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Gujarat, West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Chhattisgarh.
Both the programs aimed to improve the survival and
quality of life of PLHIV and reduce morbidity and
mortality associated with HIV and its transmission.
The implementing partners of the program were
Indian Network for People Living with HIV/AIDS;
EngenderHealth Society; Confederation of Indian
Industry; Freedom Foundation; Catholic Bishops’
Conference of India (CBCI); and Hindustan Latex
Family Planning Promoting Trust (HLFPPT).
Under the ACT Program, 130 District Level Networks
of PLHIV (DLNs) were strengthened across the six states
and provided care and support services to 2,25,868
PLHIV. The Freedom Foundation set up four
Comprehensive Care and Support Centers (CCSCs)
(one each in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and two in
Andhra Pradesh). Out of four centers, three were fifty
bedded centers and one was the facility of 20 bedded,
where PLHIV accessed free out-patient and in-patient
services for management of opportunistic infections.
Seven Corporate ART centers have been established and
are providing ART services to the larger community.
Under the PACT program, 89 DLNs were set up and
strengthened in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya
Pradesh and 14637 PLHIV were provided care and
support services through these DLNs. 69 CCCs have
been established and 31,345 PLHIV were provided
services through these CCCs.
On the basis of program performance, PFI received an
invitation from the Global Fund to apply for Rolling
Continuation Channel (RCC) for the ‘Access to Care
and Treatment’ program under RCC Wave-7 in April
2009. In order to integrate treatment, care and support
services across the country in alignment with NACP-III,
both the PRs (National AIDS Control Organization
(NACO) and Population Foundation of India (PFI))
consolidated the Round 4 and Round 6 grants. The
proposal aims to ‘improve survival and quality of life of
PLHIV and reduce HIV transmission’.
The RCC proposal was approved by The Global Fund
Board in December 2009. The Round 4 ACT program
completed five years of implementation in March
2010. The services would now continue under the
consolidated Rolling Continuation Channel (RCC)
program. The program will continue to support
District Level Networks in the existing geographic area.
Community Care Centers (CCCs) will be supported in
the eight highly vulnerable states and Jharkhand.
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Key Highlights of the HIV/AIDS Program
Convergence of Sexual and Reproductive Health and
HIV/AIDS Programs with National AIDS Control
Programs
A state level Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV
Integration workshop was organized in Jaipur, Rajasthan
on April 24-25, 2009 to develop a strategy for integrating
Reproductive and Child Health, Family Planning and
HIV/AIDS. The meeting was facilitated by Social Policy
Research Institute (SPRI), Jaipur. The meeting was
attended by Departments of Health and Family Welfare
(NRHM), SACS, Education along with participants
from UNICEF, UNFPA, NIPI, Rajasthan Network of
People Living with HIV (RNP+) and Sewa Mandir. Dr
Sudhir Varma, Director, Social Policy Research Institute
stated that the focus for women should change from
preventing prenatal transmission to their universal need
for basic sexual and reproductive health. Dr Varma
emphasized the need for merging HIV programs with
Universal Primary Health Care. He stressed on the
need for a multi - sectoral approach by the Ministries of
Education, Youth Affairs and Sports and the Ministry
of Health and Family Welfare and Ministry of Women
and Child Development and to address the gaps in the
programs. Dr Almas Ali, Senior Advisor, PFI, New Delhi
spoke about the guiding principles for strengthening
linkages between RH and HIV. He compared the
‘Rights Perspective’ – to recognize, respect, and ensure
the RH of all people including people living with HIV
and the ‘Gender Perspective’ – to recognize the gender
perspective in addressing RH and HIV. He stressed that
promoting linkages is essential to reduce stigma and
discrimination. Ms Shubhra Singh, IAS, Commissioner
RCEE, Government of Rajasthan highlighted certain
key issues in the context of convergence. ASHA workers
need to be trained on HIV/AIDS but most importantly
on the Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission of
HIV/AIDS (PPTCT) and administration of ART drugs
to those on domiciliary treatment.
Around 70 policymakers, consultants, Government
officials, NGO representatives, donor agency
representatives, service providers and clients,
academicians and PLHIV participated in this workshop.
Various points of view emerged from the experience of
a vast spectrum of stakeholders. Indeed the participants
felt that the convergence between SRH and HIV
policies, programs and practice is the need of the hour
and should be put into operation at the earliest.
National Consultation on ‘Promoting Access to Care
and Treatment’:
PFI organized a National Consultation on ‘Promoting
Access to Care and Treatment on December 9-11, 2009
at Vishwa Yuvak Kendra in New Delhi. The goal of
the national consultation was to bring out the positive
voices from the field. Around 350 representatives
from PLHIV networks from 14 states participated
in the event. Along with them, representatives from
NACO and SACS, bilateral and multilateral agencies,
civil society, media and experts from the field of HIV
participated in the event.
The objectives of the National Consultation were to share
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the experience of PLHIV in managing community based
peer model and experience of implementing partners in
improving access to care and support, treatment literacy
and treatment adherence. Panel sessions were organized
on: Universal Access to Treatment; Care and Support;
Community Based Care and Role of Networks; Role
of Law in Promoting and Protecting Rights of PLHIV;
Social Security Schemes and Health Insurance.
Ms. Aradhana Johri (IAS), Joint Secretary, NACO,
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, was the Chief
Guest and Mr Patrice Coeur-Bizot, UN Resident
Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative in
India was the Guest of Honour. Mr Taufiqur Rahman,
Regional Team Leader of the Global Fund for AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria announced the approval of
the Rolling Continuation Channel (RCC) proposal
by the Global Fund for continuing the treatment, care
and support program for another six years. Mr K K
Abraham, General Secretary of the Indian Network for
People Living with HIV (INP+) informed that District
Level Networks of People Living with HIV are the ‘key’
to the success in care and treatment. Two documentary
films: ‘With Your Head Held High’ and ‘Something
New in My Life’ were released by the Chief Guest in the
National Consultation.
The consultation provided a platform for PLHIV to have
direct interface with government and other stakeholders
for livelihood options and availing social security
schemes. It also provided an opportunity for PLHIV to
exhibit their talents through cultural performances and
learn from each other.
Youth Mahotsav
The Population Foundation of India, Maharashtra State
Unit and Network of Maharashtra People with HIV
(NMP+) organized Youth Mahotsav from 9th June to
11th June 2009 to address the issue of HIV and youth.
Around 100 HIV positive youth from 35 districts of
Maharashtra participated at the Mahotsav. The idea was
to sensitize youth about positive prevention. This was
done by sharing experience through games, clarifying
doubts through interactive sessions with experts. They
were provided information on sex and sexuality, Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STI), HIV and Antiretroviral
Treatment (ART). The participants volunteered to
form peer groups to spread awareness about positive
prevention. Poster, slogans, poems competitions and
street plays were organized. The three best DLNs were
given prizes.
Children and HIV
The Population Foundation of India, Andhra Pradesh
State unit organized a state level exposition on July 14-15,
2009 at Vishakhapatnam. The theme for the exposition
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was “Children & Caretakers: A Platform to Discuss
about Children Living with HIV/AIDS. Participants
were caretakers of Children Living with HIV (CLHIV)
and CLHIV, who are on ART. 50 caretakers and 50
children participated in the exposition. Officials from
Andhra Pradesh State AIDS Control Society, NGOs
working in HIV sector in Vishakhapatnam, District
Level Network staff members and representatives of
NGO/Private sector consortium participated in the
program.
Parallel sessions were organized for CLHIV and
Caretakers. The forum discussed on important issues
like the problems faced by caretakers in providing care
to CLHIV such as discrimination in school, pressure to
cope with other students, lack of physical development,
missing school for ART and children refusing to take
medicines properly. Many CLHIV came to know about
their status, many caretakers came to know that children
knew about HIV before coming to the program and were
surprised with their knowledge. It was recommended
to caregivers that they should start talking about health
issues with CLHIV at an early stage.
Recognising the Change Makers
The Population Foundation of India, Tamil Nadu State
unit organized a state level exposition from July 29-31,
2009 at Mamallapuram with the theme ‘Change Makers
2009.’ The exposition promoted good practices and
provided PLHIV an opportunity to relax. Rewards,
recognition and capacity building were the major
tools used in the exposition to enhance motivation.
Around 100 PLHIV participated in the exposition. The
participants were members of District level Networks,
Treatment Counseling Centres, Positive Living Centres,
Social Workers, Counselors and Out Reach Workers.
The sessions focused on the power of positive living.
Resource persons were from UNICEF, TANSACS,
APAC and Lawyers Collective. Sessions revolved around
important issues like spirituality and health, leadership
and management. Expectations, responsibilities and
qualities to be a good leader were discussed through
interactive sessions. The face to face interactions
between the networks and other stakeholders helped to
develop better understanding and support to PLHIV.
Women and HIV
The Population Foundation of India, Karnataka State
unit conducted a three day state level exposition during
July 20 – 22, 2009 at Kudalasangama of Bagalkot
District, Karnataka. The participants were PLHIV
especially positive women, who are working as Volunteer
Peer Educators in the ACT program.
The theme was ‘Women: Being the Change Makers in
Health and Development.’ This was an effort to educate
and sensitize participants on issues like reproductive
tract infection, cervical cancer prevention, second
line ART, government schemes, low cost nutrition -
preparation and demonstration, gender and enhancing
health seeking behaviour among the women. Women
Living with HIV discussed the issues with experts and
cleared their misconceptions and doubts. Addressing
the interactive session, the resource person from St
John’s Hospital, Bangalore gave an overview on cervical
cancer, causes, risk factors as well as its treatment
options. Treatment options for cervical cancer were
discussed. A medical camp was organized for the
Women Living with HIV.
Livelihood and HIV
The Population Foundation of India, Manipur State
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unit organized a state level exposition with the theme
‘Empowerment through Participation.’ The broader
goal of the exposition was to address the economic
needs of the PLHIV in the state. Resource persons were
from NABARD, Social Welfare, AMEA (All Manipur
Entrepreneurs Association) and a proprietor of a small
scale industry – Romi Bag Industries. Sessions focused
on information about government schemes, capacity
building and livelihood options for PLHIV. The
exposition gave a stage for Self Help Group members
to exhibit their products and also an opportunity for
them to learn about ways to improve the quality of their
products in order to market them. The SHG members
also developed links with the government officials and
private entrepreneurs through the resource persons,
who came as panelists for the exposition.
Empowerment and HIV
The Population Foundation of India, Nagaland State
unit organized a state level exposition in Dimapur Town
Hall in collaboration with the Nagaland State AIDS
Control Society (NSACS) and Network of Naga People
Living with HIV/AIDS (NNP+) on August 25-26, 2009.
The theme was ‘Empowering People, Strengthening
Networks.’ More than 120 PLHIV participated in this
exposition. The participants were widows and widowers
from various service delivery points of Nagaland. Dr
Neiphi Kire, Project Director, Nagaland State AIDS
Control Society was the Chief Guest.
This exposition provided PLHIV an opportunity
to get information on issues related to HIV/AIDS
and livelihood. Various District Level Networks,
Treatment Support Centre, Positive Living Centre
and Community Care Centres established under the
‘Access to Care and Treatment’ program shared their
best practices and lesson learned. Resource persons
from NABARD and State Bank of India explained
and informed participants about various schemes
available. Mr Paul, Deputy Manager, State Bank of
India facilitated a session on how PLHIV can access
banking, insurance and loan facilities from banks. He
also shared loan system for Self Help groups. Ms Guite,
Assistant General Manager, NABARD, Dimapur, gave
a clear picture on various government schemes available
like Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, Prime
Minister’s Employment Guarantee Program, National
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and Schemes of
Khandi and Village Industry Commission and Institute
of Rural Development Planning. For Self Help Groups,
she explained training options and livelihood options
for fishery, piggery, bamboo, ginger, forestry, oil, milk,
bio mass, pineapple, tea etc.
Empowering Community and
Networks
Strengthening
The Madhya Pradesh Regional Unit of Population
Foundation of India organized a two day state level
exposition in Bhopal focusing on empowering
community and strengthening networks of PLHIV.
The
event was organized on November 16-17, 2009 in close
collaboration with MPSACS. Around 100 PLHIV from
across 22 districts of Madhya Pradesh participated in
the event. Mr S R Mohanty, Principal Secretary, Health
and Family Welfare Department, was the Chief Guest.
Mr Mohanty stressed on the power of mass media to
spread awareness about HIV. Mr Omesh Mundra,
Project Director, and Mr Rakesh Munshi, Additional
Project Director represented MPSACS. Various
Government and non-government organizations,
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multilateral and bilateral agencies and community based
organizations participated in the event. The exposition
facilitated discussions on ways to enhance access to
services, treatment literacy, treatment adherence and
promote positive living. Dr. Namita Parashar, SMO,
Jabalpur ART Center devoted a session on ‘Importance
of ART’. Experts from departments of Women and
Child Development, Social Justice and Empowerment,
NREGA, NABARD and Mahila Chetna Manch
participated in the event. They informed PLHIV about
available social security schemes and livelihood options.
One of the achievements of this exposition was that
the Food and Civil Supplies Corporation has agreed to
provide Below Poverty Line (BPL) card to all PLHIV.
NABARD has consented to tie up with Madhya Pradesh
Network of People Living with HIV (MPNP+) to provide
technical and financial support for Income Generation
Activities.
Advocacy Workshops for Mainstreaming HIV
The Population Foundation of India on a periodic
basis conducted advocacy meetings to advocate for
mainstreaming HIV to a broad range of stakeholders.
The stakeholders range from Government departments,
health and medical professionals, district administration,
panchayati raj institutions, members of integrated
child development services (ICDS), non-governmental
organizations and civil society.
An advocacy meeting was organized in Ganjam, Orissa
on November 4, 2009 at the Conference Hall of District
Rural Development Agency (DRDA), Chhatrapur,
Ganjam. Mr. V. Kartik Pandhiyan, the District Magistrate
and Collector of Ganjam inaugurated the workshop. Mr.
Pandhiyan asked DLN members to approach directly
for any kind of support. Mr. Dharanidhar Behera,
President of the Zilla Parishad informed that the issue
of stigma and discrimination would be addressed from
now on in the Gram Sabha meetings. Dr. Umakanta
Tripathy, Consultant (C&ST) OSACS encouraged the
participants to come forward and spread awareness
about HIV. It was decided to conduct advocacy meetings
at subdivision levels. Important stakeholders like
CBOs, SHGs, Parent Teacher’s Association and Health
Committees to be invited in such meetings.
The Regional Coordination Unit of Population
Foundation of India, Rajasthan organized an advocacy
meeting at the Indian Medical Association (IMA)
hall in Kota district of Rajasthan on March 26, 2010.
The meeting provided a stage to explore avenues of
coordination among stakeholders at the district, block
and panchayat levels. Mr Vidhyasankar Nandwana,
Zila Pramukh chaired the advocacy meeting. He
remarked that all PRI members should play a critical
role in awareness generation of HIV and create an
enabling environment for People Living with HIV. He
encouraged voluntary testing of HIV, facilitating PLHIV
towards treatment seeking behavior and assists them for
livelihood options.
The Regional Coordination Unit of PFI, Madhya
Pradesh organized an advocacy meeting in Raipur
district of Chhattisgarh on March 18, 2010. The
meeting was conducted in close coordination with the
State Mainstreaming Unit of Chhattisgarh State AIDS
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Control Society (CGSACS). Mr Ajay Kumar Pandey,
Project Director, CGSACS and Special Secretary Health
chaired the meeting. In the meeting it was suggested
that Integrated Counselling and Testing Center (ICTC)
need to be established in all the Community Health
Center. Officials from Department of Women and
Child Development committed to take up the issue
of HIV in Mitanin meetings and Anganwadi workers
meetings. Mitanins are volunteers, who spread
awareness about community healthcare needs. They
also decided to include HIV in trainings of “Kishori
Balika” program.
These advocacy meetings were appreciated by all
participants. These workshops facilitated PRI and
community based organizations to work together in
raising awareness about HIV and promoting access
to services. Representatives from Panchayati Raj
Institutions decided to discuss the issue of HIV in Gram
Sabha meetings.
Monitoring and Evaluation
PFI had conducted a study ‘Potential for Impact: Analysis
of ACT Project’ during December 2008 to January 2009.
A two day strategy analysis and dissemination workshop
was conducted by PFI in April 2009. Strategy analysis
was conducted with the ACT district teams, state teams
and PFI (state and national levels) to understand and
attribute the results to the ACT interventions. This
analysis provided useful insights on what worked, what
did not and what changes need to be made in the
program.
PFI had conducted a special study ‘Continuum of Care
for Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) including IDUs living
with HIV: Current Situation, Needs and Gaps’ in
Imphal city, Manipur during April to December 2008.
Key stakeholders such as NACO, Manipur State AIDS
Control Society, Nagaland State AIDS Control Society,
UNAIDS, USAID, CDC and other NGOs participated
in the results dissemination workshop held in April
2009. In this workshop, key findings/recommendations
were presented, where discussions to operationalize the
recommendations were held.
The Program Management Unit (HIV?AIDS) at
PFI organized a training program on Computerized
Management Information System (CMIS) for District
Level Networks (DLNs) under the Round 6 PACT
program during March 21- 23, 2010 at Bhopal, Madhya
Pradesh. 44 participants from the District Level Networks
of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan were
trained in this workshop. Population Foundation of
India conducted the External Data Quality Audit for
Community Care Centers & District Level Networks
under Round 6 program. Indian Institute of Health
Management and Research, Jaipur was assigned to
conduct this audit. Six out of 56 Community Care
Centers (CCCs) and seven out of 68 District Level
Networks (DLNs) from the eight highly vulnerable states
were chosen for the audit through sampling.
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Publications During the Year
Advocacy Papers on Population Issues
This publication is a
compilation of advocacy
papers published and
presented at various
forums over the last few
years by Foundation’s
Executive Director Mr A
R Nanda and its Senior
Advisor Dr Almas Ali.
PFI has felt the need
to bring out such a
compilation by putting together the existing and available
advocacy materials produced by the Foundation from
time to time, and from other sources. Through this
publication it is hoped that the debate on the issue of
population will be better informed – moving away from
the extremes of doomsday scenarios on the one hand
and a negation of the problem on the other.
The Eleventh JRD Tata Memorial Oration
The publication is the
proceedings of the
eleventh JRD Tata
Memorial
Oration
“Demographic Dividend
or Debt” delivered by Dr
Nitin Desai on March
26, 2010 in New Delhi.
As part of Foundation’s
advocacy programmes,
since 1995 PFI has
instituted this lecture
series in the memory of its
founder Board Chairman,
Mr J R D Tata. The Foundation hopes that the lecture
series like this will stimulate the Government and non-
governmental organizations to come forward through a
coordinated and integrated approach to achieve better
results in population and development efforts. It is
also expected that it will provide the necessary thrust
to make the various components of good governance
work cohesively.
Infant and Child Mortality in India: State Level
Estimates by Religion, Caste, Education and
Occupation
Understanding the need
for indirect estimates
for IMR and CMR by
religion, caste, education
and occupation, the
Foundation undertook
this study to provide
estimates on these vital
rates of mortality (infant
and child mortality) by
sex, place of residence,
religion, caste, education
and occupation for the States and UTs of India. The
estimates were based on the available information:
Children Ever Born (CEB) and Children Surviving,
from the Fertility Tables of 2001 Census. The state level
estimates for 29 states and six UTs were prepared by sex
and place of residence both rural and urban. The study
also provides comparable estimates of Infant Mortality
Rate and Child Mortality Rate between the 1991
and 2001 Census’. This study would be useful to the
academia, researchers, policymakers and programme
managers, who are working in the field of health,
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population foundation of India
population and social development.
Population, Health and Social Development: Bihar,
Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal
To commemorate the 40th year of PFI’s existence, a
series of events and activities including three regional
level conferences and a national level conference
have been planned across the country over a year.
The conferences provide a platform for reflection on
the issues resulting in a set of recommendations with
policy or programme implications for the state/region.
The first in series was the Regional Conference on
Population, Health and Social Development for the
Eastern Region: Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West
Bengal, which was organized at Bhubaneswar, Orissa
on February 16-17, 2010. Three publications have
been brought out especially for the conference: (a) Wall
Chart on ‘Population, Health and Social Development
in Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal’ depicting
the reproductive health indicators particularly among
the young people (15-24 years), (b) State and District
profiles with data on population, health and social
development issues of the four states and an analysis
of demographic and health transition on way in this
region, and (c) the Conference report summarizing
the presentations, deliberations and recommendations
that have emerged during the conference. These
publications will be useful documents for policymakers,
planners, programme managers, NGOs, academicians,
researchers, civil society etc.
40 years of Population Foundation of India: The
Journey Forward
This user friendly
brochure highlights
PFI’s focused areas
especially in the 40 year
of its existence: Family
Planning, Age at Marriage,
Maternal Mortality, Male
Participation, Infant
Mortality Rate, Child Sex
Ratio and Adolescent/
Young
People’s
Reproductive Health that
have a major impact on population stabilization and
reproductive health.
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annual report 2009-10
A Reproductive Health Package: Corporate Social
Responsibility
This assistance package
provides guidelines for
various aspects such as
proposal development,
strategy formulation,
monitoring mechanisms
as well as issue based
information on RCH
and family planning. To
make it user friendly,
the module has been
divided into nine sections: (1) Reproductive Health,
(2) Child Health, (3) Adolescent Health, (4) Ageing,
(5) Hygiene and Sanitation, (6) Gender, (7) Advocacy
and Communication, (8) Quality of Care in RCH Care
Services, and (9) Project Design and Management. This
module can be used as a basic reference document for
policymakers and program managers working on the
issues of RCH.
Community Needs Assessment: A Training Manual
for NGOs
This manual helps
in developing the
capacity building of the
organizations by providing
them various tools and
techniques requisite
for planning of health
programmes and projects
through community
needs assessment. It is a
handy guide, which the
enables NGOs to develop
the health plans for the
community through conducting community needs
assessment.
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Accounts
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population foundation of India
PFI State Offices
Jharkhand
Population Foundation of India
(Packard Project)
C/o Mr Dawlal Mohta
E-38, Ashok Vihar, Post Argora
Ranchi – 2, Jharkhand
Tel: 0651-2242338
Email: pfijharkhand@gmail.com
Bihar
Population Foundation of India
(Packard Project)
123-A (1st Floor)
Pataliputra Colony
Patna-13
Tel: 0612-6510312
Population Foundation of India
(Regional Resource Centre)
123-A (1st Floor)
Pataliputra Colony
Patna-13
Tel: 0612-2270634
Chhattisgarh
Population Foundation of India
C-5 & C-6, Sahni Vihar
Raipur-492006
Chhattisgarh
Tel: 0771-4013065
Andhra Pradesh
Population Foundation of India
H. no. 9-1-104, Tata Chari Compound
Sarojini Devi Road
Secunderabad – 500025
Ph.no. 040-65999770
Email: pfiapsco@yahoo.com
pfiapsco@gmail.com
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Tamil Nadu
Population Foundation of India
Old no. 89, New no. 109
South West Boag Road
T. Nagar,
Chennai - 600017
Ph.no. 044-24329074
Email: pfichennai@gmail.com
Karnataka
Population Foundation Of India
“ SAURABHA”1657/A, 3rd Cross
Prakash Nagar, Rajaji Nagar, 2nd Stage
Bangalore-21
Ph: 080-41285706
pfibangalore@gmail.com
ka_sco@yahoo.com
Manipur
Population Foundation of India
Saga Road
Thouda Bhabok Leikai (Near Royal Sound)
P.O. Imphal- 795001, Imphal West
MANIPUR
Ph.no. 0385-2445072
Email: pfimanipur@rediffmail.com
Maharashtra
Population Foundation of India
214, 2nd Floor, Raiker Chambers
Govandi, Mumbai-400088
Ph.no. 022-65029710
Email: mahapfi@gmail.com
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Nagaland
Population Foundation of India
Nagaland State Program Coordination Unit
OC-15, 2nd floor, Naga Shopping Arcade
Near Town Hall.
Dimapur – 797112, Nagaland
Tel: 03862 – 234009
popfound_nagaland@yahoo.co.in
Regional Offices
Rajasthan
Population Foundation of India
Plot no. 66, Geejgarh Vihar
Hawa Sadak,
Jaipur – 302019
Ph: 0141-2210680
Email: pfirajasthan@gmail.com
Madhya Pradesh
Population Foundation of India
M – 6 and 7
Guru Kripa complex
Plot no. 9 – 10
M.P. Nagar Zone – 1
Bhopal
Ph.no.0755-2550647
Email:pfi.madhyapradesh@gmail.com
Uttar Pradesh
Population Foundation of India
A-743, Ground Floor
Indira Nagar
Lucknow-206016
Ph: 0522-2353838
Email: pfiuttarpradesh@gmail.com
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population foundation of India
OUR TEAM
DELHI OFFICE
Mr A R Na nda
Dr Arundhati Mishra
Dr Almas Ali
Dr Sanjay Pandey
Dr K K Upadhyay
Dr Subrato Kumar Mondal
Ms Sona Sharma
Dr Sharmila Ghosh Neogi
Dr Lalitendu Jagatdeb
Dr Shalini Verma
Ms Nidhi Bakshi
Mr C S N Murthy
Ms Chandni Malik
Mr Satyavrat Vyas
Mr Nihar Ranjan Mishra
Mr Manoj K Kandher
Ms Parul Sharma
Ms Mridu Pandey
Dr G S Joshi
Mr Pritam Prasun
Ms Jayati Sethi
Ms Lopamudra Paul
Mr Satya Ranjan Mishra
Ms Mohini Kak
Ms Shrabanti Sen
Ms Monica Sahni
Mr Shahid Ansari
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Executive Director
Additional Director
Senior Advisor (Part time)
Chief of the Party (HUP/USAID)
Senior Manager (HUP/USAID)
Senior Manager (HUP/USAID)
Joint Director (Advocacy and Communication Div)
Joint Director (Programme Div)
Joint Director (Monitoring & Evaluation Div)
Senior Advisor (Research and Business Development- MCH STAR)
HR cum Administrative Officer
Finance Officer
Programme Officer (Advocacy and Communication)
Programme Officer (Programme Div)
Programme Officer (Monitoring & Evaluation)
Programme Associate (A&C)
Programme Associate (PD)
Programme Associate (PD)
Project Manager (Mewat)
Programme and M&E Officer (Mewat)
Programme Associate (MCH STAR)
Research Associate (M&E)
Project Manager (Packard)
Senior Project Manager (Scaling up)
Project Manager (Scaling up)
Manager (Finance and Administration: HUP/USAID)
Grants Manager (HUP/USAID)
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annual report 2009-10
Dr Mary Varghese
Mr S Vijaya Kumar
Dr Phanindra Babu
Ms Rashmi Sharma
Ms Aparna G
Mr Sunil Kumar Singh
Mr Bijit Roy
Ms Tripti Chandra
Mr Neeeraj Mishra
Ms Leena Krishnan
Mr Milan Rana
Mr Sanjeev Ranjan
Ms Piyali Sarkar
Mr Pradeep Kumar
Mr Shariq Jamal
Ms Manju Sharma
Mr P J Sekharan
Ms Veena Gopal
Ms Prema Ramesh
Ms Jolamma Jose
Mr A Ramanathan
Ms Leelamma Mathew
Ms Usha S Nair
Mr Rakesh C Joyal
Mr Shailender S Negi
Mr P K Paul
Mr Joseph George
Mr K Venkatachalam
Project Director (Global Fund HIV/AIDS)
Senior Grants Manager (GF)
Senior Manager S.I.E (GF)
Programme Manager (GF)
Senior Associate S.I.E. (GF)
Jr. Associate HR cum Procurement (GF)
Programme Associate (GF)
Programme Associate (GF)
Senior SIE Associate (GF)
Accounts Officer (GF)
Accounts Officer (GF)
Assistant Accounts Officer (GF)
Documentation Associate (GF)
SIE Associate (GF)
Programme Associate (GF)
PRO
Executive Assistant to ED
Personal Secretary
Sr PA cum Programme Assistant
PA cum Programme Assistant
Jr Accounts Officer
Accountant
Recep. Cum Tel. Operator
Assistant Librarian
System Administrator
General Maintenance Executive
Record Clerk
Assistant Maintenance Up Keep
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population foundation of India
Mr Arogya Das
Mr James Anthony
Mr Mohan Singh
Mr P Narayanan
Mr Shyam Lal
Mr Ram Narayan
Mr Gourav Sindhi
Mr Dinesh Kumar
Ms Kanta
Mr Kamlesh Kumar
Mr Sanjay Ekka
Mr Vijender Kumar
REGIONAL/STATE TEAMS
Bihar
Mr R U Singh
Mr Matish Kumar
Mr Sanjay Kumar Singh
Mr Sudhir Kumar
Jharkhand
Ms Nikita Sinha
Mr Sudhir Kumar Sharma
Mr Dattatraya Gokhale
Chhattisgarh
Mr Jagannath Kompella
Andhra Pradesh
Mr Vikas Panibatla
Ms Neela Santhi R
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Driver (ED)
Driver (GF)
Daftri
Messenger
Messenger
Messenger (GF)
Messenger (GF)
Messenger (HUP/USAID)
Pantry Attendant
Mali
Helper
Helper
Honorary Advisor (for Bihar and Jharkhand)
Co-ordinator (RRC)
State Project Coordinator (Packard)
Project Associate (Admin & Finance)
State Project Coordinator (Packard)
State Research Officer
State Programme Coordinator
Training Coordinator (RRC)
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst. State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
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Tamil Nadu
Mr K Balasubramanian
Mr Alwin Leone Das D
Karnataka
Mr Vivian S Correa
Mr Prasad Kumar A
Manipur
Ms Archana Oinam
Mr Yumnam Sanjoy Singh
Maharashtra
Mrs Rohini Gorey
Ms Vijaya P Kanase
Nagaland
Mr Veswukholu Everista Kapu
Mr R Vitsiatho Nyuwi
Rajasthan
Mr Ramesh C Parmar
Mr Ashish Kumar Amber
Mr Subhash Kumar Sharma
Madhya Pradesh
Md Raza Ahmed
Ms Achint Verma
Ms Mini Ramachandran
Uttar Pradesh
Ms Mukta Sharma
Mr Rajeev Kumar Singh
Mr Deepak Ranjan Mishra
Mr Durga Prasad Gupta
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
Technical Assistant (GF)
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
Technical Assistant (GF)
State Programme Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
Asst State Prog. Coordinator (GF)
Technical Assistant (GF)
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